Method for interplanting and intercropping pheretima and centella asiatica
Through the intercropping and breeding mode of "Centella Asiatica + Guangdilong" and the treatment of root stimulation and circulating light stress at the complex microbial roots, the problems of low land resource utilization rate of Chinese medicinal materials and the low medicinal active ingredients of Centella Asiatica are solved, and the efficient, dual economic and ecological benefits of Centella Asiatica and Guangdilong are achieved, and are suitable for standardized and large-scale breeding of Centella Asiatica-Gudilong.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510698569.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-08
AI Technical Summary
The land resource utilization and output rate of existing Chinese medicinal materials are not high, the medicinal active ingredients for artificial cultivation of Centella sesame herbs are not high enough, and the artificial breeding of Guangdilong has problems of land waste and low medicinal effect ingredients.
The ‘Centella Asiatica + Guangdilong’ intercropping model is adopted, combined with the root stimulation and circulating light stress treatment of complex microorganisms, including the selection of breeding areas, transplanting, placement of Guangdilong worm seedlings, breeding management and harvesting, and the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between Centella Asiatica and Guangdilong is used to improve the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients.
The dual benefits and high quality of Centella asiatica and Guangdilong have been achieved. The total mass fraction of Centella asiatica and hydroxyl acetonin in Centella asiatica medicinal materials has been increased to 3.65-3.77%, the survival rate of Centella as high as 85%, and the leaching content is as high as 26-27.5%, which is suitable for standardized and large-scale aquaculture.
Smart Images
Figure CN120436030A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of integrated planting and breeding of Chinese herbal medicines, and in particular to a method for interplanting and breeding of Pheretima chinensis and Centella asiatica. Background Art
[0002] Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier) is the only animal medicinal material among the "Ten Ingredients of Gui". It has significant therapeutic effects on clearing heat and calming the nerves, unblocking the meridians, relieving asthma, and promoting diuresis. Preliminary investigations have found that most of the land used for artificial breeding of Pheretima is agricultural land. Excessive application of fertilizers, water and pesticides, as well as simplified planting systems, pose great challenges to the sustainable use of soil. In addition, artificial breeding is all single-cultivation breeding, and the above-ground parts are not fully utilized, resulting in serious waste of land resources. Therefore, it is urgently required to build on resource advantages, adapt to local conditions, and comprehensively develop an ecological three-dimensional breeding model for Pheretima, forming a new model of breeding and raising that combines multiple forms and is ecologically efficient, promoting the improvement of quality and efficiency of breeding bases, promoting the efficiency of agricultural industries, and achieving both economic and ecological benefits.
[0003] Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, also known as Gotu Kola, Copper Coin Grass, and Horseshoe Grass, is a typical clonal plant, primarily propagating asexually and expanding its territory through stolons. Research has shown that Centella asiatica contains triterpenes and their active ingredients, including glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and volatile oils, and possesses extremely high medicinal value. Used as a medicine, the dried whole plant or the whole plant with roots is cold in nature, bitter, and pungent in flavor. It has the functions of clearing heat and dampness, promoting blood circulation and stopping bleeding, and detoxifying and reducing swelling. It is primarily used to treat fever, cough, asthma, sore throat, herpes zoster, bruises, bleeding, trauma, and snake and insect bites. Furthermore, Centella asiatica has a tender texture and good palatability, making it edible raw. It is commonly consumed as a herbal tea in southern my country. It is also consumed as a vegetable in Southeast Asia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and South America. It has considerable edible value, and my country has included it on the "List of Items Acceptable for Health Food Use." However, due to the low yield and difficulty in digging wild Centella asiatica, it cannot meet the existing demand, resulting in a continuous increase in the price of Centella asiatica. The existing artificial cultivation has a lower content of medicinal ingredients compared with wild Centella asiatica due to the controlled growth environment. The total mass fraction of asiaticoside and hydroxymadecassoside in Centella asiatica can only reach 1.95% to 2.73% (Yao Shaochang, Ming Ruhong, Fu Peng, Pan Dongjin, Jiang Xiangjun, Li Liangbo, Huang Rongshao. Effects of different planting densities on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of Centella asiatica [J]. Guangdong Agricultural Science, 2022, 49(7): 16-25). Therefore, the quality of artificially cultivated Centella asiatica needs to be further improved.
[0004] In summary, the research and development of the "Centella asiatica + Lutearia" intercropping and breeding model has formed an efficient industrial development model for Lutearia breeding and intercropping to increase production of "planting to promote breeding, planting for breeding, and combining planting and breeding", which can achieve both economic and ecological benefits. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In response to the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a method for intercropping and breeding of radix lappa and Centella asiatica. By adopting the "Centella asiatica + radix lappa" intercropping and breeding model and using technical means such as composite microbial root stimulation and cyclic light stress treatment, the problem of low land resource utilization and output rate of existing Chinese medicinal materials, as well as the problem of insufficient active medicinal ingredients in artificially cultivated Centella asiatica, is solved. The dual benefits and high quality of Centella asiatica and radix lappa are effectively achieved, and the method can be used for standardized and large-scale breeding of Centella asiatica and radix lappa. The specific technical solution is as follows:
[0006] A method for interplanting and interculturing Phrichthys macrophylla and Centella asiatica comprises the following steps:
[0007] (1) Selection of a planting and breeding area: An area with sufficient water and convenient drainage is selected as the planting and breeding area. The planting and breeding area is enclosed by a sunshade net to form a planting and breeding shed. A planting and breeding device of a desired size is enclosed by non-woven fabric within the planting and breeding shed as a single planting and breeding unit. The planting and breeding device is filled with substrate;
[0008] (2) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplanting the Centella asiatica seedlings into the planting and breeding device, with a planting row spacing of 10-20 cm and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm;
[0009] (3) Release of earthworm seedlings: Immediately after transplanting Centella asiatica, release earthworm seedlings at a rate of 120-140 per cubic meter. 2 ;
[0010] (4) Planting and breeding management: water once every 2-3 days, and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, with each planting and breeding device adding 300-500g each time; control the temperature during the planting and breeding process at 25-35°C; and apply composite microorganisms to the roots of Centella asiatica during its vigorous growth period, with an application rate of 6-8g / plant. After 3-5 days of application of the composite microorganisms, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment;
[0011] The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 22-28 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 14-22 parts of actinomycetes;
[0012] The cyclic light stress treatment is: irradiating with ultraviolet light for 1-2 hours every day for 2-4 consecutive days, or removing the sunshade net at noon every day for 2-4 consecutive days and allowing sunlight to irradiate for 1-2 hours;
[0013] (5) Harvesting of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis: Harvest Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis after 3-3.5 months of cultivation, dry them, and test their yield and active ingredients.
[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the shading degree of the sunshade net is 30-40%.
[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the area of the planting and breeding device is 0.2-0.5m 2 , depth is 30-40cm.
[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the matrix is mainly composed of a mixture of the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of garden soil, 20-30 parts of pond mud and 60-85 parts of peat soil.
[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the method for cultivating the Centella asiatica seedlings is: taking Centella asiatica branches for cuttings, and performing cyclic water stress after rooting, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 4-6 hours, draining the water after each end, and cyclically performing water accumulation stress 2-3 times, and finally selecting the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the weight of the earthworm seedling is 9-12 g.
[0019] Preferably, in step (4), the planting and breeding management also includes regular weeding and physical pest control.
[0020] Preferably, in step (4), a promoter is added when the composite microorganism is applied, and the weight ratio of the composite microorganism to the promoter is 1:0.5-1, and the promoter includes 10-14 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 1-5 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0022] 1. The present invention solves the problems of low land resource utilization and output rate of existing Chinese medicinal materials, as well as the problem of insufficient active ingredients in artificially cultivated Centella asiatica, by adopting the "Centella asiatica + P. chinensis" intercropping and breeding model, and adopting technical means such as composite microbial root stimulation and cyclic light stress treatment. It effectively achieves the dual benefits and high quality of Centella asiatica and P. chinensis, and can be used for standardized and large-scale breeding of Centella asiatica and P. chinensis. The total mass fraction of asiaticoside and hydroxyasiaticoside in the Centella asiatica medicinal materials obtained by the breeding method of the present invention can be as high as 3.65-3.77%, which is better than the existing artificial planting method. The survival rate of P. chinensis during the intercropping process can be as high as 85% or more, with a high survival rate, and the extract content is as high as 26-27.5%, with good quality.
[0023] 2. The present invention combines root application of a composite microorganism with cyclic light stress treatment during the plant's peak growth period to stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients such as asiaticoside and asiaticoside, thereby improving the plant's quality. The combined action of the Bacillus subtilis, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and actinomycetes in the composite microorganisms, as well as their metabolites, can induce the synthesis of active ingredients in the plant. Cyclic light stress treatment activates the plant's defense system, enabling it to rapidly synthesize more active ingredients, improving its stress resistance and achieving substantial accumulation of these ingredients.
[0024] 3. After the cuttings of the present invention have taken root, the Centella asiatica seedlings are first subjected to cyclic water stress before being transplanted. Water stress can activate the defense system in the body of the Centella asiatica, making it easier to synthesize a large amount of active ingredients after transplanting, thereby improving the quality of the Centella asiatica.
[0025] 4. The promoter in the present invention can enhance the stimulating effect of the composite microorganisms and make the synthesis of active ingredients more efficient.
[0026] 5. In the breeding shed of the present invention, a breeding device of a required size is enclosed by non-woven fabric as a single breeding unit, which makes breeding management more convenient, the survival rate of Lu Lu is higher, and it is also easier to harvest Lu Lu.
[0027] 6. The Centella asiatica and P. guangxiong of the present invention have a mutually promoting effect. Among them, the creeping stems and rapidly expanding huge root system of Centella asiatica not only provide concealed conditions for P. guangxiong, but also provide sufficient nutrients for P. guangxiong through root secretions. The underground activities of P. guangxiong not only improve soil nutrients, but also improve soil permeability, and promote the healthy growth of the Centella asiatica root system. The two are interplanted and symbiotically beneficial, which is a Chinese herbal medicine planting and breeding combination worthy of promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the breeding device of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] A method for interplanting and interculturing Phrichthys macrophylla and Centella asiatica comprises the following steps:
[0033] (1) Selection of planting and breeding area: Select an area with sufficient water source and convenient drainage as the planting and breeding area, and use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 30% to enclose the planting and breeding area into a planting and breeding shed. Use non-woven fabric to enclose an area of 0.24m in the planting and breeding shed. 2 The planting and breeding device with a depth of 30cm is used as a single planting and breeding unit. The planting and breeding device is filled with a substrate, which is mainly made of 50 parts of garden soil, 20 parts of pond mud and 60 parts of peat soil. Figure 1 shown.
[0034] (2) The method for cultivating Centella asiatica seedlings is as follows: take branches of Centella asiatica for cuttings, and after rooting, perform cyclic water stress, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 4 hours, drain the water after each time, and cycle water accumulation stress twice. Finally, select the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
[0035] (3) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplant the Centella asiatica seedlings from step (2) into a planting and breeding device, with a planting row spacing of 10 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm, and plant 9 seedlings in each planting and breeding device.
[0036] (4) Release of earthworm seedlings: Immediately after transplanting Centella asiatica, earthworm seedlings weighing 9 g were released at a rate of 120 per m 2 The placement is to first pile cow dung between the rows of Centella asiatica, and then place the earthworm seedlings on the cow dung. The earthworm seedlings enter the cow dung to eat and enter the substrate.
[0037] (5) Planting and breeding management: Water once every two days and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, and the amount added to each planting and breeding device is 300g each time; control the temperature of the planting and breeding process at 25℃, weed regularly, and kill insects and insect eggs manually; and apply composite microorganisms and promoters to the roots during the vigorous growth period of Centella asiatica, with an application rate of 6g / plant of composite microorganisms and 3g / plant of promoters. After 3 days of application, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment, that is, the sunshade net is removed at noon every day for 4 consecutive days, and the sunlight is continuously irradiated for 2 hours. Cyclic light stress treatment can also have a certain inhibitory effect on diseases.
[0038] The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 22 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 14 parts of actinomycetes; and the accelerator comprises 10 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 1 part of silicon dioxide and 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate.
[0039] (6) Harvesting of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis: Harvest Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis after 3 months of cultivation, dry them, and test their yield and active ingredients.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] A method for interplanting and interculturing Phrichthys macrophylla and Centella asiatica comprises the following steps:
[0042] (1) Selection of planting and breeding area: Select an area with sufficient water source and convenient drainage as the planting and breeding area, and use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 35% to enclose the planting and breeding area into a planting and breeding shed. Use non-woven fabric to enclose an area of 0.35m in the planting and breeding shed. 2 A planting and breeding device with a depth of 35 cm is used as a single planting and breeding unit. The planting and breeding device is filled with a substrate, which is mainly a mixture of 70 parts of garden soil, 25 parts of pond mud and 70 parts of peat soil.
[0043] (2) The method for cultivating Centella asiatica seedlings is as follows: take branches of Centella asiatica for cuttings, and after rooting, perform cyclic water stress, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 5 hours, drain the water after each time, and cycle water accumulation stress for 3 times. Finally, select the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
[0044] (3) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplant the Centella asiatica seedlings from step (2) into a planting and breeding device with a planting row spacing of 15 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm. Plant 10 seedlings in each planting and breeding device.
[0045] (4) Release of earthworm seedlings: Immediately after transplanting Centella asiatica, earthworm seedlings weighing 11 g were released at a rate of 130 per m 2 The placement is to first pile cow dung between the rows of Centella asiatica, and then place the earthworm seedlings on the cow dung. The earthworm seedlings enter the cow dung to eat and enter the substrate.
[0046] (5) Planting and breeding management: Water once every three days and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, and the amount added to each planting and breeding device is 400g each time; control the temperature of the planting and breeding process at 28℃, weed regularly, and kill insects and insect eggs manually; and apply composite microorganisms and promoters to the roots during the vigorous growth period of Centella asiatica, with the application amount of composite microorganisms being 7g / plant and the application amount of promoter being 5.6g / plant. After 4 days of application, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment, that is, it is continuously irradiated with ultraviolet light for 1.5 hours every day during the day for 3 consecutive days. Cyclic light stress treatment can also have a certain inhibitory effect on diseases.
[0047] The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 18 parts of actinomycetes; and the accelerator comprises 12 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 3 parts of silicon dioxide and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
[0048] (6) Harvesting of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis: Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis were harvested after 3.5 months of cultivation, dried, and tested for yield and active ingredients.
[0049] Example 3
[0050] A method for interplanting and interculturing Phrichthys macrophylla and Centella asiatica comprises the following steps:
[0051] (1) Selection of planting and breeding area: Select an area with sufficient water source and convenient drainage as the planting and breeding area, and use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 30% to enclose the planting and breeding area into a planting and breeding shed. Use non-woven fabric to enclose an area of 0.4m in the planting and breeding shed. 2 A 40cm deep planting and breeding device is used as a single planting and breeding unit. The planting and breeding device is filled with a substrate, which is mainly a mixture of 80 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of pond mud and 85 parts of peat soil.
[0052] (2) The method for cultivating Centella asiatica seedlings is as follows: take branches of Centella asiatica for cuttings, and after rooting, perform cyclic water stress, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 6 hours, drain the water after each time, and cycle water accumulation stress 3 times. Finally, select the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
[0053] (3) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplant the Centella asiatica seedlings obtained in step (2) into a planting and breeding device, with a planting row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm, and plant 12 seedlings in each planting and breeding device.
[0054] (4) Release of earthworm seedlings: Immediately after transplanting Centella asiatica, earthworm seedlings weighing 12 g were released at a rate of 140 per m 2 The placement is to first pile cow dung between the rows of Centella asiatica, and then place the earthworm seedlings on the cow dung. The earthworm seedlings enter the cow dung to eat and enter the substrate.
[0055] (5) Planting and breeding management: Water once every three days, and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, with each planting and breeding device adding 500g each time; control the temperature of the planting and breeding process at 30℃, weed regularly, and manually catch insects and insect eggs; and apply compound microorganisms and promoters to the roots of Centella asiatica during its vigorous growth period, with the application rate of compound microorganisms and promoters being 8g / plant and 8g / plant respectively. After 5 days of application, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment, that is, irradiated with ultraviolet light for 2 hours every day during the day for 4 consecutive days. Cyclic light stress treatment can also have a certain inhibitory effect on diseases.
[0056] The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 28 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 22 parts of actinomycetes; and the accelerator comprises 14 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 5 parts of silicon dioxide and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
[0057] (6) Harvesting of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis: Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis were harvested after 3.5 months of cultivation, dried, and tested for yield and active ingredients.
[0058] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example only plants Centella asiatica without intercropping Pheretima chinensis. The specific planting method is as follows:
[0059] (1) Planting area selection: Select an area with sufficient water source and convenient drainage as the planting area, and use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 30% to enclose the planting area into a planting shed. Use non-woven fabric to enclose an area of 0.4m in the planting shed. 2 A planting device with a depth of 40 cm is used as a single planting unit. The planting device is filled with substrate, which is mainly composed of 80 parts of garden soil, 30 parts of pond mud and 85 parts of peat soil.
[0060] (2) The method for cultivating Centella asiatica seedlings is as follows: take branches of Centella asiatica for cuttings, and after rooting, perform cyclic water stress, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 6 hours, drain the water after each time, and cycle water accumulation stress 3 times. Finally, select the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
[0061] (3) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplant the Centella asiatica seedlings from step (2) into the planting device, with a planting row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm, and plant 12 seedlings in each planting device.
[0062] (4) Planting management: Water once every three days, water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, with each planting device adding 50g each time; control the temperature at 30℃ during the planting process, weed regularly, and manually kill insects and insect eggs; and apply compound microorganisms and promoters to the roots during the vigorous growth period of Centella asiatica, with the application rate of compound microorganisms and promoters being 8g / plant and 8g / plant respectively. After 5 days of application, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment, that is, irradiated with ultraviolet light for 2 hours every day for 4 consecutive days. Cyclic light stress treatment can also have a certain inhibitory effect on diseases.
[0063] The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 28 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 22 parts of actinomycetes; and the accelerator comprises 14 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 5 parts of silicon dioxide and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
[0064] (6) Harvesting of Centella asiatica: Centella asiatica was harvested 3.5 months after cultivation, dried, and tested for yield and active ingredients.
[0065] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example only cultivates Pteris multiflora without intercropping Centella asiatica. The specific planting method is as follows:
[0066] (1) Selection of breeding area: Select an area with sufficient water source and convenient drainage as the breeding area, and use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 30% to enclose the breeding area into a breeding shed. Use non-woven fabric to enclose an area of 0.24m in the breeding shed. 2 A 30cm deep breeding device is used as a single breeding unit. The breeding device is filled with substrate, which is mainly composed of 50 parts of garden soil, 20 parts of pond mud and 60 parts of peat soil.
[0067] (2) Release of earthworm seedlings: Release earthworm seedlings weighing 9g at a rate of 120 per m 2 The method of placing the cow dung is to first pile the cow dung in the breeding device, and then place the earthworm seedlings on the cow dung. The earthworm seedlings enter the cow dung to eat and then enter the substrate.
[0068] (5) Breeding management: Water once every two days, and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, and the amount added to each breeding device each time is 30g; the temperature during the breeding process is controlled at 25℃.
[0069] (6) Harvesting of Dilong dasyphylla: Dilong dasyphylla was harvested after 3 months of cultivation, dried, and tested for yield and active ingredients.
[0070] Comparative Example 3: The method for cultivating Centella asiatica seedlings in step (2) of this comparative example is: taking Centella asiatica branches for cuttings, and directly using them for transplanting after rooting, that is, the seedlings are not subjected to cyclic water stress treatment.
[0071] Comparative Example 4: In step (5) of cultivation and management of this comparative example, no composite microorganisms were applied, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.
[0072] Comparative Example 5: In step (5) of the cultivation and management of this comparative example, no accelerant was applied, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.
[0073] Comparative Example 6: In step (5) of the cultivation and management of this comparative example, the Centella asiatica was not subjected to cyclic light stress treatment, and the other steps were the same as those in Example 1.
[0074] After harvesting the Centella asiatica and P. chinensis of each example and comparative example, the dry weight of each plant and the total mass fraction of asiaticoside and madecassoside in each group of Centella asiatica were measured. The survival rate and extract content of each group of P. chinensis were calculated according to the method of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0075] Method for detecting the dry weight of a single plant of Centella asiatica: Randomly select the aboveground parts of 5 Centella asiatica plants in each group, then dry them in a constant temperature oven at 50°C to a constant weight, weigh the dry mass, and calculate the average weight of each plant, which is the dry weight of the single plant.
[0076] The mass fractions of asiaticoside and madecassoside were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, with specific reference to the method in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 edition).
[0077] Table 1 Test results of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis in each group
[0078]
[0079] The data from Examples 1 to 3 in Table 1 show that the total mass fraction of asiaticoside and hydroxyasiaticoside in the Centella asiatica medicinal materials obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention can be as high as 3.65-3.77%, which is better than the existing artificial cultivation method (about 2%), and the survival rate of P. asiatica during the cultivation process can be as high as over 85%, which is a high survival rate, and the extract content is as high as 26-27.5%, which is of good quality.
[0080] The data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in Table 1 show that compared with planting Centella asiatica alone or cultivating P. guangxiong alone, the intercropping and intercultivation of Centella asiatica and P. guangxiong can increase the biomass of Centella asiatica, increase the total mass of asiaticoside and hydroxymadecassoside, and increase the survival rate and extract content of P. guangxiong, indicating that the intercropping and intercultivation combination of Centella asiatica and P. guangxiong of the present invention has a mutually promoting effect, wherein the stolons and rapidly expanding huge root system of Centella asiatica not only provide concealed conditions for P. guangxiong, but also provide sufficient nutrients for P. guangxiong through root secretions, and the underground activities of P. guangxiong not only increase soil nutrients, but also increase soil permeability, and promote the healthy growth of the Centella asiatica root system. The cooperation of intercropping and intercultivation of the two is mutually beneficial and symbiotic, and is a Chinese herbal medicine planting and breeding combination worthy of promotion.
[0081] The data of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 to 6 in Table 1 show that technical measures such as subjecting Centella asiatica seedlings to cyclic water stress, root application of composite microorganisms during the vigorous growth period of Centella asiatica, cyclic light stress treatment of Centella asiatica, and root application of promoters and composite microorganisms together can stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients such as asiaticoside and hydroxyasiaticoside, thereby improving the quality of Centella asiatica.
[0082] In summary, the present invention solves the problems of low land resource utilization and output rate of existing Chinese medicinal materials, as well as the problem of insufficient active medicinal ingredients in artificially cultivated Centella asiatica, by adopting the "Centella asiatica + P. chinensis" intercropping and breeding model and using technical means such as composite microbial root stimulation and cyclic light stress treatment. It effectively achieves the dual benefits and high quality of Centella asiatica and P. chinensis, and can be used for standardized and large-scale breeding of Centella asiatica and P. chinensis.
[0083] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for interplanting and raising Pteris multiflora and Centella asiatica, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selection of a planting and breeding area: An area with sufficient water and convenient drainage is selected as the planting and breeding area. The planting and breeding area is enclosed by a sunshade net to form a planting and breeding shed. A planting and breeding device of a desired size is enclosed by non-woven fabric within the planting and breeding shed as a single planting and breeding unit. The planting and breeding device is filled with substrate; (2) Transplanting Centella asiatica: Transplanting the Centella asiatica seedlings into the planting and breeding device, with a planting row spacing of 10-20 cm and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm; (3) Release of earthworm seedlings: Immediately after transplanting Centella asiatica, release earthworm seedlings at a rate of 120-140 per m 2 ; (4) Planting and breeding management: water once every 2-3 days, and water thoroughly each time; add cow dung once a week, with each planting and breeding device adding 300-500g each time; control the temperature during the planting and breeding process at 25-35°C; and apply composite microorganisms to the roots of Centella asiatica during its vigorous growth period, with an application rate of 6-8g / plant. After 3-5 days of application of the composite microorganisms, the Centella asiatica is subjected to cyclic light stress treatment; The composite microorganism comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 22-28 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and 14-22 parts of actinomycetes; The cyclic light stress treatment is: irradiating with ultraviolet light for 1-2 hours every day for 2-4 consecutive days, or removing the sunshade net at noon every day for 2-4 consecutive days and allowing sunlight to irradiate for 1-2 hours; (5) Harvesting of Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis: Harvest Centella asiatica and Pheretima chinensis after 3-3.5 months of cultivation, dry them, and test their yield and active ingredients.
2. The method for interplanting and raising Pheretima chinensis and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the shading degree of the sunshade net is 30-40%.
3. The method for interplanting and raising Pheretima chinensis and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the area of the planting and breeding device is 0.2-0.5m 2 , depth is 30-40cm.
4. The method for interplanting and raising Pheretima dahurica and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the matrix is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of garden soil, 20-30 parts of pond mud and 60-85 parts of peat soil.
5. The method for interplanting and breeding of Pheretima chinensis and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the method for cultivating the Centella asiatica seedlings is as follows: taking Centella asiatica branches for cuttings, and performing cyclic water stress after rooting, that is, water accumulation stress once every other day, each time for 4-6 hours, draining the water after each end, and cyclically water accumulation stress 2-3 times, and finally selecting the seedlings that grow better after water stress for transplanting.
6. The method for interplanting and breeding Pheretima dahurica and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the weight of the earthworm seedling is 9-12g.
7. The method for interplanting and breeding Pheretima chinensis and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the planting and breeding management also includes regular weeding and physical pest control.
8. The method for interplanting and breeding Pheretima dahurica and Centella asiatica according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), a promoter is added when the composite microorganism is applied, and the weight ratio of the composite microorganism to the promoter is 1:0.5-1. The promoter includes 10-14 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 1-5 parts of silicon dioxide and 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.