Carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based particulate material and method for controlling the same

Abstract

The application provides a calcium-based particulate material-based carbon dioxide capturing system and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a reactor, a decomposition bin, a conveying branch and an input branch; the input branch inputs raw flue gas to the reactor; the conveying branch conveys calcium-based particulate material to the reactor by using heated flue gas; the reactor controls the internal temperature by selecting the input raw flue gas of the input branch, so as to control the progress of the adsorption reaction; and the decomposition bin controls the movement of the supporting plate by using mechanical action and air pressure action, so as to guide the flow of the material and control the progress of the desorption reaction. The application constructs a complete and ingenious heat circulation process and material circulation process, the circulation processes are connected with each other, the structure design is ingenious and practical, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the equipment maintenance cost and the energy procurement cost are reduced while the efficient adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon capture, and more specifically, to a carbon dioxide capture system and control method based on calcium-based particulate materials. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, accounting for up to 55% of the greenhouse effect. Climate change caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has become a global concern. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology refers to the technology of capturing and separating carbon dioxide from relevant concentrated emission combustion sources and storing it using various methods to prevent its emission into the atmosphere. It is one of the most effective technological pathways to address climate change.

[0003] Existing carbon dioxide capture technologies suffer from numerous problems. For example, in liquid amine absorption, the amine solution is easily volatile and oxidized, producing corrosive byproducts, and the regeneration process may release harmful substances; solid amine adsorption methods have low effective adsorption capacity and high material manufacturing costs. Calcium-based carbon dioxide adsorption technology, on the other hand, has attracted widespread attention and research due to its advantages such as low-cost and non-toxic raw materials, large carbon dioxide adsorption capacity (theoretically reaching 0.786 g CO2 / g CaO), and fast adsorption reaction rate.

[0004] Existing calcium-based carbon dioxide adsorption methods also have many problems. For example, calcium-based adsorption and desorption occur in high-temperature zones, resulting in high energy consumption. Due to the large adsorption capacity of calcium-based adsorption, a large amount of heat is released during the adsorption process, making it difficult to control the adsorption reaction temperature. The gas-solid heat exchange efficiency in fixed-bed reactors is low, and the process equipment is complex, leading to high investment and operation and maintenance costs. Although directly using high-temperature flue gas as a heat source and reaction feed gas can reduce heat consumption, the high-temperature flue gas has not undergone purification treatment, resulting in significant wear and corrosion to the collection equipment.

[0005] In conclusion, a novel calcium-based carbon dioxide capture system is needed to meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements and industrial production demands. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in current technologies, this application provides a carbon dioxide capture system and its control method based on calcium-based particulate materials, achieving carbon dioxide capture using calcium-based particulate materials. The specific solution is as follows:

[0007] A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based particulate materials includes a reactor, a decomposition chamber, at least one conveying branch and multiple input branches;

[0008] The input branch is connected to the reactor and is used to input raw flue gas into the reactor;

[0009] The conveying branch connects the reactor and the decomposition chamber, and is used to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas with a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature by using the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor and / or the heat remaining from the heating in the decomposition chamber, and to use the heated flue gas to convey the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor.

[0010] The reactor, connected to the decomposition chamber, is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from the input branch. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, calcium-based particulate materials are used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas. The decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber from the bottom.

[0011] The decomposition chamber is equipped with a support plate and a heating channel. The support plate carries the adsorbed material and prevents the adsorbed material from entering the heating channel under a preset mechanical action. Under a preset air pressure, the adsorbed material is guided into the heating channel. When the heating channel reaches a preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based particulate material. The carbon dioxide is controlled to be discharged from the top while retaining the calcium-based particulate material.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, it also includes:

[0013] A cooler, connected to the decomposition chamber, is used to cool the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber;

[0014] Carbon dioxide storage tanks are used to receive and store carbon dioxide.

[0015] A circulating compressor, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, is used to provide power for circulating carbon dioxide gas and to control and regulate the required flow rate of circulating carbon dioxide.

[0016] The gas supply branch is connected in sequence to the carbon dioxide storage tank, the reactor, and the decomposition chamber, so that the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is heated by the reactor and the decomposition chamber and then output to the decomposition chamber, so as to achieve the gas pressure effect by increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber.

[0017] In some specific embodiments, the reactor is provided with a first heat exchange component and a second heat exchange component, and the decomposition chamber is provided with a third heat exchange component and a fourth heat exchange component;

[0018] The conveying branch is connected to the first heat exchange component and the third heat exchange component respectively, and the first heat exchange component and the second heat exchange component are heated by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based particulate material.

[0019] The gas transmission branch is connected to the second heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component respectively, and the heat generated by the high temperature carbon dioxide produced by decomposition is used to heat the third heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component.

[0020] In some specific embodiments, the reactor is provided with a spiral reaction channel; the spiral reaction channel is arranged spirally from bottom to top, so that when the flue gas carries the calcium-based particulate material spirally upward, the calcium-based particulate material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0021] The spiral reaction channel is connected to the conveying branch and each input branch from bottom to top, and the channel size increases from bottom to top. Each input branch inputs a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the helical reaction channel is divided into the following sections from bottom to top:

[0023] The input area, connected to the conveying branch, is used to receive heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials;

[0024] The temperature control zone is connected to the input zone and sequentially connected to each input branch from bottom to top. It is used to receive the raw flue gas and mix it with the heated flue gas. By controlling the input amount of the raw flue gas, the preset adsorption temperature is achieved. When the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0025] A buffer zone, connected to the temperature control zone, is used to prolong the contact between flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials to promote adsorption.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the reactor is also provided with a storage tank and a flue pipe, the flue pipe extending into the storage tank and its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank forming a material discharge channel.

[0027] The spiral reaction channel spirals around the storage tank from bottom to top;

[0028] The material discharge channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to carry the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel downward to the storage tank, and then the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity.

[0029] The exhaust pipe is equipped with a blocking structure, which guides the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while separating the adsorbed material in the decarbonized flue gas through the blocking structure and causing it to fall into the storage tank.

[0030] In some specific embodiments, the decomposition chamber is provided with a receiving cavity and a drop pipe located in the receiving cavity, the support plate is the bottom of the receiving cavity; the heating channel surrounds the receiving cavity;

[0031] The receiving chamber is used to receive the adsorbed material and is supported by the support plate.

[0032] The gas supply branch is connected to the receiving chamber and is used to input heated carbon dioxide into the receiving chamber to achieve the gas pressure effect.

[0033] The support plate is used to close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the mechanical action, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the air pressure so that the adsorbed material flows into the bottom of the heating channel from the bottom of the receiving chamber in a diffuse manner.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the decomposition chamber is further provided with multiple drop pipes, which are located in the receiving chamber and connect the upper space and the lower space of the receiving chamber;

[0035] The heating channel is connected to the upper space and is used to guide carbon dioxide to carry calcium-based particulate material from bottom to top into the upper space.

[0036] The space above is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, which is used to separate carbon dioxide from calcium-based particulate materials and guide carbon dioxide to be output to the carbon dioxide storage tank.

[0037] The falling tube is used to guide the calcium-based granular material in the upper space into the lower space, and to use the calcium-based granular material in the tube to heat the adsorbed material outside the tube.

[0038] The space below is connected to the conveying branch, which is used to store calcium-based particulate materials and to convey the calcium-based particulate materials to the reactor through the conveying branch.

[0039] A control method for a carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that it is used to control the carbon dioxide capture system described in any one of the above claims, the control method comprising:

[0040] After heating the flue gas to a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to carry the calcium-based particulate material at the bottom of the decomposition chamber to the reactor.

[0041] The original flue gas is input in proportion to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adsorbed by calcium-based particulate material to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed material, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top of the reactor, while the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber.

[0042] When the adsorbed material is fed into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom;

[0043] The heated carbon dioxide gas is controlled to be input into the decomposition chamber. Under the action of gas pressure, the support plate is moved downward, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel by means of the movement of the support plate.

[0044] After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes into carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based particulate material. The calcium-based particulate material, along with the carbon dioxide, is blown to the top area of ​​the decomposition chamber.

[0045] In the top region, the airflow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based particulate material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom region of the decomposition chamber under the action of gravity, transferring heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the fall; carbon dioxide is output from the top region of the decomposition chamber.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, it also includes:

[0047] Carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through a gas transmission branch. The transported carbon dioxide is heated by the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber before being transported to the decomposition chamber.

[0048] The raw flue gas is transported through a conveying branch, and heated flue gas is formed by using the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber. The heated flue gas is then used to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor.

[0049] In the decomposition chamber, the adsorbed material is heated by heated carbon dioxide, and the adsorbed material between the falling pipes is heated by calcium-based granular material in the falling pipes.

[0050] Beneficial Effects: This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system and its control method based on calcium-based particulate materials. A complete and ingenious heat and material circulation process is constructed, with interconnected circulation steps and a clever and practical structural design. While ensuring efficient adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide, it improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and lowers equipment maintenance and energy procurement costs, resulting in good economic benefits during long-term operation. The system fully utilizes the exothermic heat from the adsorption reaction within the reactor and the waste heat from the decomposition chamber, constructing a heat circulation mechanism to enhance the synergy of heat utilization. By precisely selecting the raw flue gas volume in the input branch, the internal temperature of the reactor can be accurately adjusted, ensuring that the adsorption reaction proceeds under optimal conditions and significantly improving carbon dioxide capture efficiency. The various areas within the decomposition chamber have clear divisions of labor and work collaboratively, using a combination of mechanical and gas pressure actions to guide the desorption reaction, resulting in low desorption costs and good desorption effects.

[0051] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide capture system module of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow relationship between gas and material in a medium;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor structure of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow relationship between gas and material in a medium;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly compartment structure in this application;

[0058] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow relationship between gas and material in a medium;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the internal structure of the disassembly chamber in this application;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the control method flow of this application.

[0061] Reference numerals: 1-Input branch; 2-Transport branch; 3-Reactor; 4-Decomposition chamber; 5-Cooler; 6-Carbon dioxide storage tank; 7-Gas delivery branch; 81-First heat exchanger; 82-Second heat exchanger; 83-Third heat exchanger; 84-Fourth heat exchanger; 9-Fan; 10-Heater; 11-Circulating compressor;

[0062] 31-Storage tank; 32-Exhaust duct; 33-Adsorption shell; 34-Adsorption top shell; 35-Blocking component; 36-Discharge channel; 37-Spiral reaction channel;

[0063] 40-Heating channel; 41-Desorption outer shell; 42-Desorption inner shell; 43-Upper sealing plate; 44-Lower sealing plate; 45-Support plate; 46-Drop pipe; 47-Material input pipe; 48-Carbon dioxide inlet pipe; 49-Carbon dioxide outlet pipe; 451-Elastic component. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0065] This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based particulate materials. The system features a compact and rational structural design, with all components working collaboratively to ensure continuous and stable operation, reducing the probability of failure and improving reliability and practicality. It fully utilizes the waste heat generated by the system, improving overall energy efficiency, and a precise temperature control mechanism ensures the high efficiency and stability of the adsorption reaction. Specific system modules are detailed in the appendix. Figure 1 The flow of materials and gases is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown. The specific solution is as follows:

[0066] A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based particulate materials includes a reactor 3, a decomposition chamber 4, at least one conveying branch 2, and multiple input branches 1; wherein, the structure of the reactor 3 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown in the attached figure, the gas and material flow relationships inside reactor 3 are as follows. Figure 4 As shown; the structure of decomposition chamber 4 is attached. Figure 5 As shown in the attached figure, the gas and material flow relationship inside the decomposition chamber 4 is as follows. Figure 6 As shown;

[0067] Input branch 1 connects to reactor 3 and is used to input raw flue gas into reactor 3;

[0068] The conveying branch 2 connects the reactor 3 and the decomposition chamber 4. It is used to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas with a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature by using the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor 3 and / or the heat generated by the decomposition chamber 4. The heated flue gas is then used to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber 4 to the reactor 3.

[0069] Reactor 3, connected to decomposition chamber 4, is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from input branch 1. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, calcium-based particulate material is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas. The decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported to decomposition chamber 4 from the bottom.

[0070] The decomposition chamber 4 is equipped with a support plate 45, which is used to support the adsorbed material. After carbon dioxide is introduced until the support plate 45 is displaced, the adsorbed material flows to the side wall of the chamber. When the side wall of the chamber is heated to reach the preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based granular material. The carbon dioxide is controlled to be discharged from the top while retaining the calcium-based granular material.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, the system further includes: a cooler 5, connected to the decomposition chamber 4, for cooling the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber 4; a carbon dioxide storage tank 6, for receiving and storing carbon dioxide; a circulating compressor 11, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, for providing power to the circulating carbon dioxide gas and controlling and regulating the required flow rate of circulating carbon dioxide; and a gas delivery branch 7, sequentially connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, the reactor 3, and the decomposition chamber 4, for allowing the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 to be heated by the reactor 3 and the decomposition chamber 4 before being output to the decomposition chamber 4, thereby increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber 4 to achieve a gas pressure effect. The cooler 5 and the gas delivery branch 7 are shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown. In the appendix Figure 3 The device also includes a heater 10 for heating the initial flue gas, at which point the device is not yet preheated.

[0072] This application uses calcium-based particulate matter as an adsorbent. Calcium-based particulate matter is a granular substance with calcium as its main component, generally composed primarily of calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate and calcium oxide, and sometimes may contain small amounts of impurities such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide. Calcium-based particulate matter has good adsorption capacity for acidic gases such as carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide can react chemically with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, thereby achieving the capture and fixation of carbon dioxide. It exhibits good thermal stability within a certain temperature range. For example, calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, but under appropriate temperature conditions, calcium-based particulate matter can maintain a stable structure and properties, meeting the requirements of different processes.

[0073] In this application, the input branch includes a conveying branch 2 for inputting heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material, and multiple input branches 1 for inputting raw flue gas. The input branch is connected to the flue gas source and is responsible for inputting the flue gas. The conveying branch 2 conveys the heated flue gas, while the input branches 1 convey the raw flue gas from the flue gas source. In some embodiments, to ensure the flow rate of the flue gas, a fan 9 and a regulating valve are also included. Both the conveying branch 2 and the input branches 1 are equipped with regulating valves. The fan 9 is connected to both the input branches 1 and the conveying branch 2, respectively, for conveying raw flue gas to the input branches 1 and the conveying branches 2. The opening and closing of each input branch 1 and the conveying branch 2 can be controlled by the regulating valves, thereby controlling the ratio of raw flue gas to heated flue gas.

[0074] Furthermore, the temperature of the heated flue gas conveyed by conveying branch 2 is not lower than the preset adsorption temperature. Both the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas are flue gases to be adsorbed, and the temperature within the spiral reaction channel 37 can be effectively controlled by the input of the raw flue gas. Calcium-based particulate material acts as an adsorbent to adsorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas. In conveying branch 2, the flue gas serves as a pneumatic conveying gas source to deliver calcium oxide from the bottom of the decomposition chamber 4 into the reactor 3. In the reactor 3, both the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas are flue gases to be adsorbed. In some embodiments, to avoid insufficient heating, a separate heater can also be provided for heating.

[0075] In practical applications, the adsorption temperature is 600℃, so heating is required to provide this condition. However, the adsorption reaction is exothermic. If all the flue gas is heated to 600℃, as the adsorption process proceeds exothermically, the heated flue gas may reach the desorption temperature (800~900℃). Therefore, cooling is necessary to remove the heat generated during the adsorption process in order to maintain the adsorption within the optimal temperature range.

[0076] To avoid the need for cooling, this application heats only a portion of the flue gas (e.g., 20-30%) to 600°C or higher. Carbon dioxide is adsorbed in this portion of the flue gas, releasing heat and causing the flue gas temperature to rise. At this point, introducing a portion of the original flue gas (50°C, e.g., 20%) can control the flue gas temperature at 600-650°C. Simultaneously, the original flue gas provides new carbon dioxide, allowing the adsorption reaction to proceed further. With further adsorption, the existing 50% of the original flue gas heats up again. Adding more original flue gas at this point lowers the temperature while providing new carbon dioxide. In practical applications, temperature measuring points are set within the spiral reaction channel 37. The flue gas ratio can be precisely controlled through these temperature measuring points and the control program. The more temperature measuring points and the more flue gas input branches 1, the more uniform the reaction temperature field, achieving fine-grained control of the reaction temperature field and ensuring uniform temperature throughout the entire spiral reaction channel 37.

[0077] This application cleverly utilizes the exothermic nature of the adsorption reaction to regulate the temperature within the spiral reaction channel 37 by introducing raw flue gas (50°C), stabilizing it within the optimal adsorption temperature range of 600-650°C. This eliminates the need for traditional cooling equipment, significantly reducing energy costs and achieving highly efficient energy utilization. The input of raw flue gas not only regulates the temperature but also continuously provides a fresh source of carbon dioxide for the adsorption reaction, enabling it to proceed continuously and efficiently. Compared to adsorption devices that rely on a single gas source and cannot effectively regulate temperature, this application significantly improves adsorption efficiency. By continuously replenishing the carbon dioxide, the calcium-based particulate material can fully utilize its adsorption performance, significantly increasing the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed per unit time, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the device and enabling it to process more flue gas in the same amount of time, achieving a higher carbon dioxide capture rate.

[0078] The structure of reactor 3 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown in the attached figure. The flow relationship between materials and gases within reactor 3 is as follows. Figure 4 As shown.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, the reactor 3 is equipped with a storage tank and an exhaust pipe 32. The exhaust pipe 32 extends into the storage tank, and its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank together form a material discharge channel 36. A spiral reaction channel 37 spirals around the storage tank from bottom to top. The material discharge channel 36 connects to the top of the spiral reaction channel 37 and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to carry the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel 37 downward to the storage tank, whereby the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity. The exhaust pipe 32 is equipped with a blocking component 35, which guides the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top while separating the adsorbed material in the decarbonized flue gas and causing it to fall into the storage tank. The relationship between the storage tank, the exhaust pipe 32, and the material discharge channel is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, a spiral reaction channel 37 is provided inside the reactor 3; the spiral reaction channel 37 is arranged spirally from bottom to top, so that when the flue gas carries the calcium-based particulate material spirally upward, the calcium-based particulate material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas; wherein, the spiral reaction channel 37 is connected sequentially from bottom to top to the conveying branch 2 and each input branch 1, and the channel size increases from bottom to top, with each input branch 1 inputting a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel 37. (See attached...) Figure 3 In the middle, the spiral reaction channel 37 gradually expands outward from bottom to top relative to the outer wall of the storage tank, so as to gradually increase the internal space of the spiral reaction channel 37.

[0081] The spiral reaction channel 37 uses the original flue gas to regulate the temperature, allowing the calcium-based particulate material to adsorb carbon dioxide at a preset adsorption temperature. The flue gas carries the calcium-based particulate material spirally upward along the channel. Upon reaching the top of the spiral reaction channel 37, the calcium-based particles, connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel 37 by the material discharge channel 36, enter the top of the storage area with the airflow. Due to the reduced airflow velocity in this area, larger calcium-based particles reach the settling velocity and begin to settle into the storage area; smaller particles continue to be discharged from the exhaust pipe along with the decarbonized flue gas. The exhaust pipe 32 extends into the storage tank, forming a material discharge area and a storage area below its end. In the storage area, the exhaust pipe 32, using its own structure and airflow, guides the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while simultaneously blocking the fine calcium-based particulate material, causing it to fall into the storage area below due to gravity, achieving complete gas-solid separation.

[0082] In some specific embodiments, the spiral reaction channel 37 is divided into the following sections from bottom to top: an input zone, connected to the conveying branch 2, for receiving heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material; a temperature control zone, connected to the input zone and sequentially connected to each input branch 1 from bottom to top, for receiving raw flue gas and mixing it with heated flue gas, and achieving a preset adsorption temperature by controlling the input amount of raw flue gas, so that the calcium-based particulate material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas as the flue gas drives the calcium-based particulate material spiraling upward; and a buffer zone, connected to the temperature control zone, for extending the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to promote adsorption.

[0083] For example, the spiral reaction channel 37 includes m spiral turns of the reaction channel spiraling upwards, with the end point of the nth turn being the starting point of the (n+1)th turn. The first turn of the reaction channel connects to the conveying branch 22, the mth turn connects to the material discharge channel 36, and at least part of the second to (m-2)th turns connect to the input branch 1. Here, n is an integer not less than 1, and m is an integer not less than 4. The more turns of the reaction channel, the longer the contact time between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material, and the greater the amount of flue gas adsorbed. Limiting the number of turns of the spiral reaction channel 37 to not less than 4 ensures sufficient connection points for the input branch 1 while also guaranteeing the adsorption time and effect.

[0084] In the attached diagram, the spiral reaction channel 37 rotates like a spring, with the start of each rotation being the end of the previous rotation and the end of the previous rotation being the start of the next rotation. Each rotation is defined as a reaction channel, with the bottommost rotation being the first rotation. The first rotation is the input zone, connected to the conveying branch 2, through which heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material enter the spiral reaction channel 37. In practical applications, the first few rotations can be connected to the input branch 1 to allow sufficient contact time between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material, facilitating their reaction in the later rotations. For example, the spiral reaction channel 37 includes six rotations spiraling upwards. The second to fourth rotations can be defined as a temperature control zone, connected to multiple input branches 1; the fifth and sixth rotations can be defined as a buffer zone, extending the contact time between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to facilitate the adsorption reaction.

[0085] The adsorption shell is installed on the storage tank and includes an adsorption top shell 34 and an adsorption outer shell 33 extending downward from the adsorption top shell 34, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown; in the appendix Figure 3 In the middle, the adsorption shell 33 is stepped. The exhaust pipe 32 runs from top to bottom through the adsorption top shell 34 and extends into the storage tank, dividing the storage tank from top to bottom into a material discharge area and a material storage area, with the end of the exhaust pipe 32 as the boundary. Figure 3In the diagram, the dotted line serves as the dividing line. The area above the dotted line is the material discharge zone, and the area below the dotted line is the material storage zone. The outer wall of the exhaust duct 32 and the inner wall of the storage tank form a material discharge channel 36 in the material discharge zone. The adsorption shell 33 is spaced around the outer wall of the storage tank, and its inner wall forms a spiral reaction channel 37 that spirals upwards around the storage tank. The relationship between the spiral reaction channel 37, the material discharge channel 36, and the exhaust duct 32 is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown.

[0086] In the appendix Figure 3 In this configuration, the adsorption top shell 34 is located above the storage tank and is spaced apart from the storage tank to facilitate the entry of flue gas and materials into the storage tank. The adsorption outer shell 33 is formed by extending the adsorption top shell 34 from top to bottom, wrapping around the storage tank and also spaced apart from the outer wall of the storage tank to facilitate the reaction of flue gas and adsorbent within the channel.

[0087] In this application, the spiral reaction channel 37 is formed between the outer wall of the storage tank and the inner wall of the adsorption shell 33. The internal space of the spiral reaction channel 37 is spirally upward and has a channel. The starting point of the spiral reaction channel 37 is at the bottom and connects to the conveying branch 2. Heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material enter the spiral reaction channel 37 from the conveying branch 2, and an adsorption reaction occurs when they are at the adsorption temperature. In some embodiments, a certain amount of calcium-based particulate material can be pre-stored inside the spiral reaction channel 37, and it is adsorbed together with the calcium-based particulate material conveyed by the conveying branch 2.

[0088] In some embodiments, the distance between the inner wall of the adsorption shell 33 and the outer wall of the storage tank gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the channel size of the spiral reaction channel 37 gradually increases from bottom to top, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 and 4As shown, the adsorption reaction in the spiral reaction channel 37 is a dynamic process. As the reaction proceeds, the raw flue gas is continuously input at multiple locations within the spiral reaction channel 37, and the gas volume continuously increases as it rises. With increasing height, the space between the adsorption shell 33 and the storage tank gradually increases, providing more space for potential thermal expansion, gas flow, or material buffering, reducing problems such as pressure buildup or material blockage caused by space constraints. The gradually increasing channel size provides more space for the gas, preventing excessive gas pressure due to insufficient space and ensuring smooth reaction. As the reaction progresses, the gas temperature gradually increases, requiring more flow channels for expansion. When reaching the next input branch point, the input low-temperature raw flue gas cools the gas, but the increased total gas volume necessitates an increase in the required flow channels. The gradual increase in channel size from bottom to top ensures that the gas flow velocity remains within a reasonably set range throughout the entire reaction process. Furthermore, the spiral reaction channel 37 ensures a longer reaction contact time under the same equipment volume conditions. The special design of the channel combined with the flue gas inlet branch ensures good fluidization characteristics of the flue gas and adsorbent particles, guaranteeing better mass and heat transfer characteristics. Since calcium-based adsorption capacity is large and heat release is high, good heat transfer helps to achieve a uniform temperature distribution in the reaction space, avoiding localized overheating. The combination of these measures improves the adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide. In the initial stage of the reaction, the lower part reacts vigorously, generating more heat. The smaller channel allows for relatively concentrated heat, maintaining a higher reaction temperature, which is beneficial for the initiation of the adsorption reaction.

[0089] The adsorption top shell 34 is spaced above the storage tank and, together with the adsorption outer shell 33, forms a buffer zone surrounding the exhaust duct 32 above the storage tank. This buffer zone connects to the spiral reaction channel 37 and the material discharge channel 36, changing the upward spiral flow of the flue gas and calcium-based particulate material to a vertical downward flow. The flue gas and material enter the material discharge channel 36 via the buffer zone. The exhaust duct 32 runs from top to bottom through the adsorption top shell 34 and extends into the storage tank. Its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank form a specific spatial structure in the material discharge area, namely the material discharge channel 36. This structural design provides a clear flow path for the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas. Due to the channel's limitation, the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas can only flow downwards along this specific space. On one hand, the calcium-based particulate material tends to fall naturally downwards under gravity. On the other hand, the pressure difference that may exist in the system will also push the flue gas and calcium-based particulate material downwards.

[0090] The exhaust duct 32 runs from top to bottom through the top shell and extends into the storage tank, providing a specific transport path for flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials. It connects to the spiral reaction channel 37 and the material discharge channel 36, allowing materials and flue gas to flow orderly between different areas of the reactor 3, ensuring the continuity of the entire process. The exhaust duct 32 achieves gas-solid separation in the storage area based on the different physical properties of gas and solid particles. The decarbonized flue gas is fluid and can flow upwards within the exhaust duct 32, while the calcium-based particulate materials, due to gravity, lose their upward momentum upon contact with the inner wall of the exhaust duct 32 or related obstruction components 35, and thus fall into the storage area. The obstruction components 35 limit the flow path of the flue gas, preventing it from being discharged directly upwards in a straight line, but instead forcing it to travel along these tortuous paths. Compared to straight flow, this significantly increases the travel distance and residence time within the exhaust duct 32. When the flue gas encounters the obstruction components 35 during its flow, collisions and reflections occur. The tortuous flow path makes it easier for solid particles in the flue gas (such as calcium-based particulate materials that may be carried) to collide with the blocking component 35 or the pipe wall and settle down under the action of inertia, thereby achieving more effective gas-solid separation, reducing the pollution of the environment caused by solid particles discharged with the flue gas, and also avoiding wear of the particles on subsequent equipment.

[0091] In some specific embodiments, the reactor 3 is provided with a first heat exchange component 81 and a second heat exchange component 82, and the decomposition chamber 4 is provided with a third heat exchange component 83 and a fourth heat exchange component 84; the conveying branch 2 is connected to the first heat exchange component 81 and the third heat exchange component 83 respectively, and heats the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82 by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based particulate material; the gas conveying branch 7 is connected to the second heat exchange component 82 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 respectively, and heats the third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 by the heat of the high-temperature carbon dioxide generated during decomposition.

[0092] When calcium-based granular materials adsorb carbon dioxide in reactor 3, they release heat, raising the temperature of the raw flue gas. The heated flue gas can then be heated and started up by the first heat exchanger 81 and the second heat exchanger 82, along with the circulating carbon dioxide gas. The decomposition chamber 4 heats the sidewalls of the chamber to bring the adsorbed material to a preset desorption temperature. The heat generated by the sidewalls heats the desorbed carbon dioxide and the circulating carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide can then be heated and started up by the third heat exchanger 83 and the fourth heat exchanger 84. By setting up these heat exchangers, heat is recycled, avoiding energy waste, reducing dependence on external energy sources, lowering energy consumption, and consequently reducing system operating costs. This makes the calcium-based granular material-based carbon dioxide capture system more economically feasible and competitive in practical applications. Heat that might otherwise be lost is reused to heat other processes requiring heat, such as heating the transported carbon dioxide, heating the raw flue gas into heated flue gas, and heating the circulating carbon dioxide input into the decomposition chamber 4, thereby reducing the input of external energy and lowering the overall system energy consumption.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger 81 and the second heat exchanger 82 are located in the exhaust pipe 32 of the reactor 3. The decarbonized flue gas, carrying heat, is discharged from the exhaust pipe 32 and can be used for heating. In addition to serving as heating components, the first heat exchanger 81 and the second heat exchanger 82 can also serve as barrier components 35 to block solids such as calcium-based particulate matter in the decarbonized flue gas, thereby achieving gas-solid separation. In some embodiments, the third heat exchanger 83 and the fourth heat exchanger 84 are located in the space above the storage chamber in the decomposition chamber 4. The space above is where carbon dioxide and calcium-based particulate matter are separated. After being heated by the heating channel 40, carbon dioxide and calcium-based particulate matter carry heat into the space above, where they can be used for heating. Similarly, in addition to serving as heating components, the third heat exchanger 83 and the fourth heat exchanger 84 can also serve as barrier components 35 to block solids such as calcium-based particulate matter in the carbon dioxide, thereby achieving gas-solid separation.

[0094] In some embodiments, carbon dioxide is heated to a temperature of not less than 700°C via the second heat exchanger 82 and the fourth heat exchanger 84, and the raw flue gas is heated to a temperature of not less than 600°C via the first heat exchanger 81 and the second heat exchanger 82.

[0095] The structure of decomposition chamber 4 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown in the attached figure, the flow relationship between materials and gases is as follows. Figure 6 As shown.

[0096] In some embodiments, the decomposition chamber 4 is provided with a receiving chamber and a drop pipe 46 located in the receiving chamber, and a support plate 45 forms the bottom of the receiving chamber; a heating channel 40 surrounds the receiving chamber; the receiving chamber is used to receive the adsorbed material and is supported by the support plate 45; a gas supply branch 7 connects to the receiving chamber and is used to input heated high-pressure carbon dioxide into the receiving chamber to heat the adsorbed material while achieving gas pressure. The support plate 45 is used to close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel 40 under mechanical action, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel 40 under gas pressure so that the adsorbed material diffuses from the bottom of the receiving chamber into the bottom of the heating channel 40.

[0097] In some embodiments, the decomposition chamber 4 is further provided with multiple drop pipes 46, which are located in the receiving chamber and connect the upper and lower spaces of the receiving chamber; the heating channel 40 connects to the upper space and is used to guide carbon dioxide to carry calcium-based particulate material from bottom to top into the upper space; the upper space connects to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 and is used to separate carbon dioxide from calcium-based particulate material and guide carbon dioxide output to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6; the drop pipes 46 are used to guide the calcium-based particulate material in the upper space into the lower space and use the calcium-based particulate material in the pipe to heat the adsorbed material outside the pipe; the lower space connects to the conveying branch 2 and is used to store the calcium-based particulate material and transport the calcium-based particulate material to the reactor 3 through the conveying branch 2. (See attached...) Figure 7 In the middle, the drop tube 46 passes through the lower sealing plate 44 and the support plate 45, connecting to the B3 area below.

[0098] Specifically, the decomposition chamber 4 includes a desorption outer shell 41, a desorption inner shell 42, an upper sealing plate 43, and a lower sealing plate 44. The space above the receiving chamber is defined as the top area, and the space below is defined as the bottom area. The interior of the desorption outer shell 41 is divided from top to bottom into a top area, a separation area, and a bottom area, with the planes containing the upper sealing plate 43 and the lower sealing plate 44 as boundaries. Each drop pipe 46 has one end connected to the top area via the upper sealing plate 43 and the other end connected to the bottom area via the lower sealing plate 44, guiding the calcium-based granular material in the top area to fall from top to bottom into the bottom area. The support plate 45 is elastically connected to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42 and, together with the outer wall of each drop pipe 46, the desorption inner shell 42, and the upper sealing plate 43, forms a receiving chamber independent of each drop pipe 46 in the separation area. The relationship between the support plate 45, the lower sealing plate 44, and the drop pipes 46 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown.

[0099] The upper sealing plate 43 and the lower sealing plate 44 are located at the top and bottom of the desorption shell 41, respectively. They divide the internal space of the desorption shell 41 into a top area, a material separation area, and a bottom area from top to bottom, serving to separate the space and support other components. The top area is where the desorbed calcium-based granular material and carbon dioxide are separated. It corresponds to the outer top shell and is connected to the bottom area through the drop pipe 46, allowing the material to fall from the top area into the bottom area, realizing the circulation of the calcium-based granular material. The bottom area is the final destination of the falling calcium-based granular material and is connected to the drop pipe 46, temporarily storing the calcium-based granular material falling from the top area. In some embodiments, the bottom area is provided with a material output pipe for discharging the desorbed calcium-based granular material. The material separation area is the area for material flow and reaction, and is the main site of the desorption reaction. The receiving chamber and the heating channel 40 are both located in the material separation area. The receiving chamber is located in the material separation zone. It is composed of a support plate 45, the outer walls of each drop pipe 46, a desorption inner shell 42, and an upper sealing plate 43, and is independent of each drop pipe 46. The receiving chamber is used to receive carbon dioxide and the calcium-based particulate material to be desorbed, and is the area where the material and gas are initially mixed. The calcium-based particulate material to be desorbed enters the receiving chamber through a dedicated pipe. Figure 7 In the diagram, B1 is the receiving chamber, B2 is the heating channel 40, B3 is the bottom area, and B4 is the material separation area.

[0100] The desorption reaction requires specific temperature conditions. The desorption temperature is 800~900℃, therefore a specialized heating device is needed for precise heating. In some specific embodiments, the portion of the desorption shell 41 in the material separation area is a heated sidewall, which is provided with a heat insulation layer and surrounded by heating equipment; the heating channel 40 is the area formed between the heated sidewall and the outer wall of the desorption inner shell 42 and surrounds the desorption inner shell 42. This application constructs a specialized heating channel 40. The specialized area of ​​the desorption shell 41 is heated by the heating assembly, and the space between the desorption shell 41 and the desorption inner shell 42 is used as the desorption reaction space. For example, electromagnetic heating is used, with a heat insulation layer structure on the outside of the desorption shell 41, and an electromagnetic heating structure arranged around the heat insulation layer structure. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic heating heats the desorption shell 41, and the desorption shell 41 transfers heat to the heating channel 40. The heating channel can be a combustion chamber, with heat passing sequentially through the shell → combustion chamber → heat insulation; if electromagnetic heating is used, the heat passes sequentially through the shell → heat insulation → electromagnetic heating coil.

[0101] In the appendix Figure 5In this process, the material input pipe 47 extends into the desorption inner shell 42 and connects to the receiving chamber. Calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide enters the receiving chamber through the material input pipe 47. The receiving chamber receives the calcium-based granular material to be desorbed. The support plate 45 is a plate-shaped component located at the bottom of the receiving chamber. Its shape and size are adapted to the bottom of the receiving chamber to ensure complete coverage and control of the discharge of the calcium-based granules to be desorbed. Multiple drop pipes 46 are interspersed within the receiving chamber. The support plate 45 also leaves openings for the drop pipes 46, and the vertical movement of the support plate 45 is achieved through the drop pipes 46. The shape and size of the support plate 45 are adapted to the bottom of the receiving chamber, ensuring complete coverage. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to an attachment.) Figure 5 In the process, carbon dioxide is input through a carbon dioxide outlet pipe that extends into the desorption inner shell 42 and connects to the receiving chamber, and is discharged through a carbon dioxide outlet pipe 49 in the top area.

[0102] The support plate 45 is connected to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, and the special connection method allows the support plate 45 to undergo a certain displacement when subjected to external force. Specifically, under the preset mechanical action, the support plate 45 can fit tightly against the end of the desorption inner shell 42, thereby sealing the receiving chamber; while under the action of air pressure in the receiving chamber, the support plate 45 can overcome the mechanical action, move away from the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, open the receiving chamber and connect it to the heating channel 40, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown. Regarding the connection between the support plate 45 and the detachable inner shell 42, there are multiple connection schemes. The connection methods between the lower end of the support plate 45 and the detachable inner shell 42 include: elastic connection, magnetic connection, or hinge connection.

[0103] In some specific embodiments, an elastic element 451 is provided at the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42. The elastic element 451 is connected to the support plate 45 and provides elastic force to keep the support plate 45 tightly attached to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42. The elastic force of the elastic element 451 on the support plate 45 is greater than the sum of the weight of the support plate 45 and the maximum load of the calcium-based granular material it can bear. This elastic connection allows the support plate 45 to undergo a certain displacement when subjected to external force. The support plate 45 can fit tightly against the end of the desorption inner shell 42, thereby sealing the receiving cavity; while under the action of air pressure in the receiving cavity, the support plate 45 can overcome the elastic force, move away from the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, and open the receiving cavity to connect it with the heating channel 40. The elastic force of the elastic element 451 is limited to ensure that the elastic element 451 will not move downward due to excessive material above the support plate 45. The elastic connection scheme is shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown.

[0104] As the receiving chamber opens, carbon dioxide gas is continuously introduced through the carbon dioxide outlet pipe 4948, forming an airflow within the chamber. This airflow purges the calcium-based granular material containing adsorbed carbon dioxide stored in the receiving chamber. Due to the fluidity of the calcium-based granular material, under the purging force of the carbon dioxide gas, the material flows along the open passage, i.e., towards the heating channel 40, and then flows into the heating channel 40. Simultaneously, the introduced carbon dioxide is preheated, providing preliminary heating to the calcium-based granular material. In this application, the heating of carbon dioxide is achieved using the second heat exchange component 82 and the fourth heat exchange component 84, utilizing the heat released from adsorption in the reactor 3 and the remaining heat from heating in the decomposition chamber 4 to heat the carbon dioxide, fully utilizing the energy generated by the system.

[0105] The heating channel 40, located between the desorption outer shell 41 and the desorption inner shell 42, is the core area for the desorption of carbon dioxide from the calcium-based particulate material. By controlling the temperature and providing suitable space, the desorption reaction is ensured to proceed smoothly. Carbon dioxide desorbs from the calcium-based particulate material. As carbon dioxide desorbs, the desorbed calcium-based particulate material and carbon dioxide gas continue to flow within the heating channel 40. Due to the certain flow velocity of carbon dioxide, it carries the desorbed calcium-based particulate material towards the top area. The airflow velocity decreases below the settling velocity of the calcium-based particles, causing the calcium-based particulate material to fall into the drop pipe 46, while the carbon dioxide flows upward. The top area is also equipped with a heating structure, which utilizes the heat generated by the heating channel 40 for heating. The third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 constitute the heating structure of the top area.

[0106] This application also proposes a control method for a carbon dioxide capture system, used in any of the aforementioned carbon dioxide capture systems, the control method flow is shown in the appendix. Figure 8 As shown, the method includes:

[0107] 101. After heating the flue gas to a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to carry the calcium-based particulate material at the bottom of the decomposition chamber to the reactor.

[0108] 102. Input the corresponding proportion of raw flue gas according to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adsorbed by calcium-based granular materials to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed materials, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top of the reactor, while the adsorbed materials are transported to the decomposition chamber.

[0109] 103. After the adsorbed material is fed into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom;

[0110] 104. Control the input of heated carbon dioxide gas into the decomposition chamber. Under the action of gas pressure, the support plate moves downward, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel by means of the movement of the support plate.

[0111] 105. After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes into carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based granular material. The calcium-based granular material, along with the carbon dioxide, is blown to the top area of ​​the decomposition chamber.

[0112] 106. In the top region, the airflow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based granular material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom region of the decomposition chamber under the action of gravity, transferring heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the falling process; carbon dioxide is output from the top region of the decomposition chamber.

[0113] In some embodiments, the control method further includes:

[0114] Carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through a gas transmission branch. The transported carbon dioxide is heated by the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber before being transported to the decomposition chamber.

[0115] The raw flue gas is transported through the conveying branch, and heated flue gas is formed by using the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber. The heated flue gas is then used to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor.

[0116] In the decomposition chamber, heated carbon dioxide is used to heat the adsorbed material, while calcium-based granular material inside the falling pipe heats the adsorbed material outside the pipe.

[0117] This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system and its control method based on calcium-based particulate materials. A complete and ingenious heat and material circulation process is constructed, with interconnected circulation steps and a clever and practical structural design. This ensures efficient carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption while improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and lowering equipment maintenance and energy procurement costs, resulting in significant economic benefits during long-term operation. The system fully utilizes the exothermic heat from the adsorption reaction within the reactor and the waste heat from the decomposition chamber, constructing a heat circulation mechanism to enhance the synergy of heat utilization. By precisely selecting the raw flue gas volume in the input branch, the internal temperature of the reactor can be accurately adjusted, ensuring the adsorption reaction proceeds under optimal conditions and significantly improving carbon dioxide capture efficiency. Within the decomposition chamber, each area has a clear division of labor and works collaboratively, using a combination of mechanical and gas pressure actions to guide the desorption reaction, resulting in low desorption costs and good desorption effects.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing systems. They can be centralized on a single computing system or distributed across a network of multiple computing systems. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, allowing them to be stored in a storage system for execution by the computing system. Alternatively, they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this application is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0119] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of this application, and the scope of this application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

[0120] The above disclosures are only a few specific implementation scenarios of this application. However, this application is not limited to these. Any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based particulate materials, characterized in that, It includes a reactor, a decomposition chamber, at least one conveying branch, and multiple input branches; The input branch is connected to the reactor and is used to input raw flue gas into the reactor; The conveying branch connects the reactor and the decomposition chamber, and is used to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas with a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature by using the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor and / or the heat remaining from the heating in the decomposition chamber, and to use the heated flue gas to convey the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor. The reactor, connected to the decomposition chamber, is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from the input branch. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, calcium-based particulate materials are used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas. The decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber from the bottom. The decomposition chamber is equipped with a support plate and a heating channel. The support plate carries the adsorbed material and prevents the adsorbed material from entering the heating channel under a preset mechanical action. Under a preset air pressure, the adsorbed material is guided into the heating channel. When the heating channel reaches a preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based particulate material. The carbon dioxide is controlled to be discharged from the top while retaining the calcium-based particulate material. The reactor is also equipped with a spiral reaction channel, a storage tank and a flue pipe. The flue pipe extends into the storage tank and its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank together form a material discharge channel. The spiral reaction channel spirals around the storage tank from bottom to top; The material discharge channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to carry the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel downward to the storage tank, and then the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity. The exhaust pipe is equipped with a blocking structure, which guides the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while the blocking structure separates the adsorbed material in the decarbonized flue gas and causes it to fall into the storage tank.

2. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A cooler, connected to the decomposition chamber, is used to cool the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber; Carbon dioxide storage tanks are used to receive and store carbon dioxide. A circulating compressor, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, is used to provide power for circulating carbon dioxide gas and to control and regulate the required flow rate of circulating carbon dioxide. The gas supply branch is connected in sequence to the carbon dioxide storage tank, the reactor, and the decomposition chamber, so that the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is heated by the reactor and the decomposition chamber and then output to the decomposition chamber, so as to achieve the gas pressure effect by increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber.

3. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reactor is provided with a first heat exchange component and a second heat exchange component, and the decomposition chamber is provided with a third heat exchange component and a fourth heat exchange component. The conveying branch is connected to the first heat exchange component and the third heat exchange component respectively, and the first heat exchange component and the second heat exchange component are heated by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based particulate material. The gas transmission branch is connected to the second heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component respectively, and the heat generated by the high temperature carbon dioxide produced by decomposition is used to heat the third heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component.

4. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral reaction channel is arranged spirally from bottom to top so that when the flue gas carries the calcium-based particulate material spirally upward, the calcium-based particulate material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas. The spiral reaction channel is connected to the conveying branch and each input branch from bottom to top, and the channel size increases from bottom to top. Each input branch inputs a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel.

5. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spiral reaction channels are divided into the following sections from bottom to top: The input area, connected to the conveying branch, is used to receive the heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material; The temperature control zone is connected to the input zone and sequentially connected to each input branch from bottom to top. It is used to receive the raw flue gas and mix it with the heated flue gas. By controlling the input amount of the raw flue gas, the preset adsorption temperature is achieved. When the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas. A buffer zone, connected to the temperature control zone, is used to prolong the contact between flue gas and calcium-based particulate materials to promote adsorption.

6. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The decomposition chamber is provided with a receiving cavity and a drop pipe located in the receiving cavity, and the support plate is the bottom of the receiving cavity; the heating channel surrounds the receiving cavity; The receiving chamber is used to receive the adsorbed material and is supported by the support plate. The gas supply branch is connected to the receiving chamber and is used to input heated carbon dioxide into the receiving chamber. To achieve the aforementioned air pressure effect; The support plate is used to close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the mechanical action, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the air pressure so that the adsorbed material flows into the bottom of the heating channel from the bottom of the receiving chamber in a diffuse manner.

7. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The decomposition chamber is also equipped with multiple drop pipes, which are located in the receiving chamber and connect the upper and lower spaces of the receiving chamber. The heating channel is connected to the upper space and is used to guide carbon dioxide to carry calcium-based particulate material from bottom to top into the upper space. The space above is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, which is used to separate carbon dioxide from calcium-based particulate materials and guide carbon dioxide to be output to the carbon dioxide storage tank. The falling tube is used to guide the calcium-based granular material in the upper space into the lower space, and to use the calcium-based granular material in the tube to heat the adsorbed material outside the tube. The space below is connected to the conveying branch, which is used to store calcium-based particulate materials and to convey the calcium-based particulate materials to the reactor through the conveying branch.

8. A control method for a carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that, The control method for controlling the carbon dioxide capture system according to any one of claims 1-7, the control method comprising: After heating the flue gas to a temperature not lower than the preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to carry the calcium-based particulate material at the bottom of the decomposition chamber to the reactor. The original flue gas is input in proportion to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adsorbed by calcium-based particulate material to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed material, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top of the reactor, while the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber. When the adsorbed material is fed into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom; The heated carbon dioxide gas is controlled to be input into the decomposition chamber. Under the action of gas pressure, the support plate is moved downward, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel by means of the movement of the support plate. After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes into carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based particulate material. The calcium-based particulate material, along with the carbon dioxide, is blown to the top area of ​​the decomposition chamber. In the top region, the airflow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based particulate material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom region of the decomposition chamber under the action of gravity, transferring heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the fall; carbon dioxide is output from the top region of the decomposition chamber.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through a gas transmission branch. The transported carbon dioxide is heated by the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber before being transported to the decomposition chamber. The raw flue gas is transported through a conveying branch, and heated flue gas is formed by using the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber. The heated flue gas is then used to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor. In the decomposition chamber, the adsorbed material is heated by heated carbon dioxide, and the adsorbed material between the falling pipes is heated by calcium-based granular material in the falling pipes.

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