Fertilizer prepared from household garbage and fertilizer preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation from household garbage, in particular to a fertilizer prepared from household garbage and a fertilizer preparation method.The fertilizer comprises a composting box, shaft pipes rotationally penetrate through the interior of the composting box, a plurality of stirring rods are fixed to the two shaft pipes, supporting wheels are fixed to the two ends of the two shaft pipes, and semi-arc teeth are fixed to the two ends of the supporting frame; the two supporting wheels on the same side roll on the corresponding semi-arc teeth, a power shaft is rotationally arranged in the middle of the lower end of the composting box, and the two ends of the power shaft are in meshing transmission connection with the two semi-arc teeth respectively. A middle plate is fixed to the middle of the upper end of the composting box, cover plates are rotationally arranged at the two ends of the middle plate, enclosure frames are fixed to the two sides of the composting box, hook blocks slide in the enclosure frames, and springs are arranged between the hook blocks and the enclosure frames. Through the fertilizer preparation device, pile turning is facilitated, and the fermentation effect is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of making fertilizer from domestic waste, in particular to a fertilizer made from domestic waste and a fertilizer making method. Background Art

[0002] A large amount of domestic waste is discarded into the environment, which not only exceeds the natural absorption capacity of the environment, but also seriously endangers the ecological environment and people's health. Therefore, dealing with this large-scale and widespread pollution of domestic waste has become an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in today's society.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for treating domestic waste are landfill and incineration. However, landfill requires a large amount of land, and the harmful components contained in the organic matter in domestic waste can cause serious pollution to the soil, water sources, and air, affecting the ecological environment and endangering human health. Incineration produces a large amount of thick smoke during the combustion process, causing serious air pollution. The solid residues produced cannot be properly utilized, forming new solid waste and polluting the environment.

[0004] Composting domestic waste is a relatively reasonable and effective method for treating household waste. It not only solves the pollution problem of domestic waste, but also turns waste into valuable resources. However, traditional composting methods involve piling large amounts of organic matter into fermentation tanks or on open land for fermentation. This method often occupies a large area and is difficult to turn during the fermentation process, which affects the fermentation effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer prepared from domestic garbage and a fertilizer making method, which facilitates compost turning through a fertilizer making device and ensures a fermentation effect.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A device for making fertilizer from domestic waste comprises a composting box, wherein an axial tube is rotatably passed through the interior of the composting box, a plurality of stirring rods are fixed to each of the two axial tubes, support wheels are fixed to both ends of the two axial tubes, and the device further comprises a support frame with semi-arc teeth fixed to both ends, the two support wheels on the same side roll on the corresponding semi-arc teeth, a power shaft is rotatably provided in the middle of the lower end of the composting box, and the two ends of the power shaft are respectively meshed and transmission-connected with the two semi-arc teeth.

[0007] A middle plate is fixed in the middle of the upper end of the compost box, and covers are rotatably provided at both ends of the middle plate. Surrounding frames are fixed on both sides of the compost box, hook blocks are slid in the surrounding frames, and springs are provided between the hook blocks and the surrounding frames.

[0008] An air pipe is passed through the middle plate, a placement box for placing a deodorant is provided at the upper end of the air pipe, and an expanding pipe is fixed at the lower end of the air pipe.

[0009] A baffle is fixed between the air pipe and the expanded pipe, and a screw rod II is rotated on the middle plate. The screw rod II penetrates the air pipe and is threadedly connected with the air pipe.

[0010] Two L-shaped track plates are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the upper end of the compost box, a sliding frame slides between the two L-shaped track plates, a stirring shaft rotates at the lower end of the sliding frame, a spiral plate is fixed on the stirring shaft, a screw rod I rotates through the compost box, and the screw rod I is threadedly connected to the sliding frame.

[0011] The lower ends of both sides of the compost box are rotatably provided with door arc plates, both ends of the door arc plates are provided with convex edges, and the other two sides of the compost box are slidably provided with two clamping blocks, each clamping block is slidably engaged with the corresponding convex edge, and an electric telescopic rod is installed between each clamping block and the compost box.

[0012] A plurality of shifting rods are evenly distributed around the two shaft tubes. Each shifting rod is fixedly connected to a plurality of stirring rods on the same side. The rotating shifting rods are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the corresponding door arc plate.

[0013] An air pipe head is rotated at the center of the two supporting wheels on the same side. An air hole is provided on each shift rod and each stirring rod, and each air hole is connected to the air pipe head through an axis tube.

[0014] The fertilizer making method of the domestic waste fertilizer making device comprises: S1. Crush and sort the domestic waste and remove the plastic bags; S2. Separate the ferrous metals by magnetic separation; S3, crushing the garbage again, drying it, mixing it with other raw materials, and using a fertilizer making device to compost and ferment it. The composting process is regularly turned and ventilated; S4. After the compost is decomposed, fertilizer is obtained.

[0015] The fertilizer prepared by the method comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: 40%-60% of domestic garbage, 30%-50% of crop straw, 5%-10% of animal excrement, and 5%-10% of decomposed compost.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The reciprocating rotation of the transmission power shaft enables the compost bin to roll back and forth on the two semi-arc teeth through the four supporting wheels, so that the compost bin can swing back and forth, thereby causing the raw materials in the compost bin to slide alternately on the two shaft tubes, thereby coordinating with the rotation of the two shaft tubes to form a full mixing and turning of the raw materials in the compost bin; The air is pumped into the shaft tube from the air pipe head through the air pump, and then the air is sent into the raw materials through the air holes during the mixing process to ensure that the raw materials are fully in contact with the air. Through the setting of air pipes and placement boxes, the odorous gases generated by the composting raw materials are adsorbed to prevent the odorous gases from being directly emitted into the air and polluting the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a domestic waste fertilizer making device; Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a domestic waste fertilizer making device; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a domestic waste fertilizer making device when the discharge port is opened; Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the separation box; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a compost bin; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding frame and spiral plate structure; Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the shaft tube, support wheel, stirring rod and shift rod; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a local enlarged structure; Figure 10 and Figure 11 It is a structural diagram of the middle plate, suction pipe, placement box and cover plate; Figure 12 It is a structural diagram of the hook block; Figure 13 It is a structural diagram of the door arc plate, convex edge and clamping block.

[0018] In the picture: Support frame 101; semi-arc teeth 102; arc blocking 103; Compost bin 201; discharge port 202; enclosure frame 203; L track plate 204; electric telescopic rod 205; power shaft 206; Sliding frame 301; stirring shaft 302; spiral plate 303; screw I 304; Axis tube 401; support wheel 402; stirring rod 403; shifting rod 404; tracheal head 405; Middle plate 501; flared tube 502; air pipe 503; storage box 504; baffle 505; screw II 506; cover plate 507; Hook block 601; Spring 602; Door arc plate 701; convex edge 702; blocking block 703. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] like Figure 1-13 As shown, the domestic waste fertilizer making device is described in detail: A domestic waste fertilizer making device includes a composting box 201, with an axial tube 401 rotating through the interior of the composting box 201, multiple stirring rods 403 fixed to each of the two axial tubes 401, and support wheels 402 fixed to both ends of the two axial tubes 401. It also includes a support frame 101 with semi-arc teeth 102 fixed at both ends, and the two support wheels 402 on the same side roll on the corresponding semi-arc teeth 102. A power shaft 206 rotates in the middle of the lower end of the composting box 201, and the two ends of the power shaft 206 are respectively engaged with the two semi-arc teeth 102 for transmission connection.

[0020] The compost bin 201 is in the shape of a rectangular box, with two shaft tubes 401 passing through the two short side surfaces. Four support wheels 402 are respectively located at the corners at the lower ends of the two short side surfaces and are supported by rolling on the semi-arc teeth 102. When the first motor installed at the lower end of the compost bin 201 reciprocates the power shaft 206, the reciprocating power shaft 206 will drive the compost bin 201 to roll back and forth on the two semi-arc teeth 102 using the four support wheels 402 as wheels, causing the compost bin 201 to swing back and forth around the center of the two semi-arc teeth 102 as the axis. During the swing, the raw materials in the compost bin 201 will be flipped back and forth by the compost bin 201, causing the raw materials to slide toward the position of the shaft tube 401 located at the lower end, thereby causing the raw materials to be alternately accumulated on the two shaft tubes 401 in the compost bin 201. Moreover, since the support wheel 402 rolls on the semi-arc teeth 102, it will drive the shaft tube 401 to rotate back and forth, and then drive the multiple stirring rods 403 to rotate, thereby stirring the raw materials. As a result, the raw materials are turned back and forth in the compost bin 201 and are also stirred by the two shaft tubes 401, thereby ensuring that the raw materials are fully turned over and the fermentation effect is guaranteed.

[0021] A groove is provided in the middle of the support wheel 402 , which is rolled onto the semi-arc teeth 102 to form a limit, thereby preventing the support wheel 402 from moving axially and falling off the semi-arc teeth 102 .

[0022] Further, such as Figure 10-12 As shown: A middle plate 501 is fixed in the middle of the upper end of the compost box 201, and covers 507 are rotatably provided at both ends of the middle plate 501. A surrounding frame 203 is fixed on both sides of the compost box 201, and a hook block 601 slides inside the surrounding frame 203. A spring 602 is provided between the hook block 601 and the surrounding frame 203.

[0023] The ends of the middle plate 501 are fixed to the upper ends of the side plates of the two short sides of the compost bin 201 by screws. The two cover plates 507 are arranged to cooperate with the middle plate 501 to form a blockage for the upper end of the compost bin 201. The cover plate 507 is provided with two turning plates near the middle plate 501. Both turning plates rotate with the middle plate 501, thereby forming a rotation of the cover plate 507, thereby opening the upper end of the compost bin 201 to facilitate the addition of raw materials. The upper end of the hook block 601 has a protrusion extending toward the cover plate 507. The elastic force of the spring 602 pushes the hook block 601 toward the cover plate 507 and presses against the side panel of the compost bin 201. At this time, the protrusion protrudes toward the cover plate 507, thereby limiting the cover plate 507 and making the cover plate 507 buckle on the upper end of the compost bin 201 to prevent it from opening when the compost bin 201 is swung. At the same time, a pull plate is provided on the other side of the hook block 601. When the compost bin 201 needs to be opened, the pull plate is pulled to make the hook block 601 drive the protrusion away from the cover plate 507, and then the cover plate 507 can be opened. At the same time, in order to facilitate the rapid closing of the cover 507, a chamfer is provided on the upper end of the protrusion. When the cover 507 is closed, the cover 507 will first contact the chamfer on the upper end of the protrusion, and as the cover 507 continues to rotate downward, the cover 507 slides on the inclined surface of the chamfer, forming an extrusion protrusion, so that the protrusion drives the hook block 601 to squeeze the spring 602, until the cover 507 is buckled on the upper end of the compost bin 201, and the protrusion slides back quickly with the hook block 601, thereby locking the cover 507.

[0024] Further: An air pipe 503 passes through the middle plate 501 . A placement box 504 for placing a deodorant is provided at the upper end of the air pipe 503 . A flared pipe 502 is fixed to the lower end of the air pipe 503 .

[0025] The upper and lower ends of the storage box 504 are both mesh partitions, and the mesh partition at the upper end can be opened, so that activated carbon with a large surface area that can absorb odorous gases can be placed on the mesh partition at the lower end of the storage box 504. Therefore, when composting, the odorous gases generated will pass through the expanded pipe 502 and the air pipe 503 through the mesh partition and enter the storage box 504, where they will be absorbed by the deodorant and discharged into the air, avoiding air pollution. Therefore, on the basis of the above embodiment, a long hole is opened at the position of the middle plate 501 where the air pipe 503 is located, and the air pipe 503 slides in the long hole. At the same time, a baffle 505 is fixed between the air pipe 503 and the expanded pipe 502, so that when the air pipe 503 slides left and right in the long hole, the baffle 505 always keeps the long hole blocked to prevent gas leakage. A screw II 506 rotates on the middle plate 501, and the screw II 506 passes through the air pipe 503 and is threadedly connected to it. By installing a second motor on the side of the middle plate 501, the screw II 506 is reciprocated, which can make the screw II 506 rotate reciprocatingly, and then the threaded transmission air pipe 503 moves reciprocatingly, thereby forming the expanded tube 502 to move back and forth at the upper end of the placement box 504, so that the gas in the placement box 504 can be quickly discharged through the expanded tube 502, thereby improving the gas discharge efficiency.

[0026] Among them, a threaded sleeve is fixed through the air pipe 503, and the threaded sleeve is set on the screw II 506 and threadedly connected with it to ensure that no gas leakage occurs.

[0027] like Figure 6-7 As shown: Two L-shaped track plates 204 are symmetrically provided in the middle of the upper end of the compost box 201. A sliding frame 301 slides between the two L-shaped track plates 204. A stirring shaft 302 rotates at the lower end of the sliding frame 301. A spiral plate 303 is fixed on the stirring shaft 302. A screw rod I 304 rotates through the compost box 201 and is threadedly connected to the sliding frame 301.

[0028] The third motor installed in the sliding frame 301 drives the stirring shaft 302, so that the stirring shaft 302 can drive the spiral plate 303 to rotate. The rapidly rotating spiral plate 303 will throw the materials nearby to the surrounding area. This, in conjunction with the swinging of the compost bin 201, can stir the materials circumferentially around the central axis of the semi-arc teeth 102. At the same time, the materials can be mixed in the axial direction of the central axis of the semi-arc teeth 102, further improving the turning effect and efficiency. At the same time, the fourth motor installed on the short side of the compost bin 201 drives the screw I 304, which can make the sliding frame 301 move back and forth between the two L-track plates 204, thereby forming the axial movement of the spiral plate 303 in the direction of the central axis of the semi-arc teeth 102, further improving the stirring effect of the raw materials in the direction of the central axis of the semi-arc teeth 102; Among them, the two L-track plates 204 are both composed of vertical plates and flat plates. The flat plates are located at the lower ends of the vertical plates and on the inner sides of the two vertical plates, thereby forming a track to limit the sliding frame 301. The two vertical plates of this track can prevent most of the raw materials from entering the track when they are swung. At the same time, since both ends of the flat plates are not in contact with the inner wall of the composting box 201, a fracture is formed, which makes it easy for the reciprocating sliding frame 301 to push the raw materials on the flat plates off from the end fracture, ensuring that the raw materials are composted in a concentrated manner.

[0029] like Figure 13 As shown: The lower ends of both sides of the compost bin 201 are rotatably provided with door arc plates 701, and both ends of the door arc plates 701 are provided with convex edges 702. The other two sides of the compost bin 201 are slidably provided with two clamping blocks 703, each clamping block 703 is engaged and slidably engaged with the corresponding convex edge 702, and an electric telescopic rod 205 is installed between each clamping block 703 and the compost bin 201.

[0030] In order to facilitate the rapid discharge of composted fertilizer from the compost bin 201, a discharge port 202 is provided at the junction of the two long sides of the compost bin 201 with the bottom plate, and a door arc plate 701 is also provided. The door arc plate 701 is rotatably connected to the long side of the compost bin 201 to form an opening or closing control for the discharge port 202. When discharging fertilizer, the compost bin 201 is swung to the most inclined state, thereby opening the door arc plate 701 at the discharge port 202 below, and the fertilizer can be quickly discharged from the discharge port 202. Because the compost bin 201 is driven by four support wheels 402 that roll over the two semi-arc teeth 102, the center of gravity of the compost bin 201 may shift during discharge, causing the compost bin 201 to tip over. Therefore, a blocking arc 103 is coaxially provided on each of the two semi-arc teeth 102 to block the support wheels 402 and prevent the compost bin 201 from tipping over during discharge. The blocking arc 103 does not contact the support wheels 402 and only blocks the support wheels 402 when the compost bin 201 tips over.

[0031] In order to prevent the door arc plate 701 from opening automatically, a clamping block 703 and a convex edge 702 are provided. The clamping block 703 and the T-shaped track on the side of the compost bin 201 are limited in sliding. When the door arc plate 701 closes the discharge port 202, the convex edge 702 is limited in position. When the discharge port 202 needs to be opened, the corresponding two electric telescopic rods 205 are controlled to extend, causing the two clamping blocks 703 to slide upward until they are disengaged from the convex edge 702. At this time, the door arc plate 701 loses control and will automatically rotate on the side of the compost bin 201 due to its own gravity and the influence of the raw materials, thereby opening the discharge port 202.

[0032] Further: A plurality of shifting rods 404 are evenly distributed around the two shaft tubes 401 . Each shifting rod 404 is fixedly connected to a plurality of stirring rods 403 on the same side. The rotating shifting rod 404 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the corresponding door arc plate 701 .

[0033] By setting the arc shape of the door arc plate 701 to replace the vertical intersection of the virtual extension surface of the side and bottom surfaces of the compost bin 201, when the shaft tube 401 rotates, the lever 404 can contact and slide on the inner wall of the door arc plate 701, avoiding the occurrence of mixing dead corners, and further ensuring the turning effect of the raw materials.

[0034] Further: An air pipe head 405 is rotated at the center of the two support wheels 402 on the same side. An air hole is provided on each shift rod 404 and each stirring rod 403 , and each air hole is connected to the air pipe head 405 through the shaft tube 401 .

[0035] In order to ensure ventilation of the raw materials in the compost bin 201 and enable the microorganisms to fully come into contact with oxygen, the tracheal head 405 is connected to the air supply pump. The air supply pump will blow air from the tracheal head 405 into the shaft tube 401, and then blow it toward the raw materials through the air holes on the shift rod 404 and the stirring rod 403, ensuring that the microorganisms in the raw materials can fully come into contact with oxygen, providing these aerobic microorganisms with sufficient oxygen, enabling them to reproduce rapidly and metabolize efficiently. Under conditions of sufficient oxygen, aerobic microorganisms can completely decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and stable humus, thereby accelerating the composting process. Moreover, ventilation can adjust the temperature, which is conducive to maintaining the optimal activity of microorganisms and ensuring the smooth progress of the composting process.

[0036] At the same time, when the shaft tube 401 drives the lever 404 and the stirring rod 403 to stir the raw materials, air can be better contacted with the raw materials, further ensuring that the microorganisms in the raw materials can fully contact with oxygen, thereby accelerating the composting process; Moreover, in order to ensure the humidity of the raw materials, the tracheal head 405 can also be connected to a water supply pump so that water is evenly mixed in the raw materials, ensuring that the humidity of the raw materials is suitable for the microorganisms to remain active.

[0037] like Figure 1-13 As shown: The fertilizer making method of the domestic waste fertilizer making device comprises: S1. Crush and sort the domestic waste and remove the plastic bags; S2. Separate the ferrous metals by magnetic separation; S3, crushing the garbage again, drying it, mixing it with other raw materials, and using a fertilizer making device to compost and ferment it. The composting process is regularly turned and ventilated; Regular turning of the compost is a key step in the composting process, and it is generally done every 1-2 weeks. Turning the compost can fully mix the compost materials, evenly distribute oxygen throughout the compost, promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms, and also regulate the compost temperature to prevent local overheating or overhumidity. Monitor the temperature and humidity of the compost. The ideal compost temperature is 50-60°C, which is the optimal growth temperature for most beneficial microorganisms. If the temperature is too high, you can cool it down by increasing the frequency of turning the compost or proper ventilation; if the temperature is too low, you can reduce ventilation or cover the compost with insulation materials. In terms of humidity, spray water or dry it in time according to the actual situation to keep the compost humidity within the appropriate range; S4. After the compost is decomposed, fertilizer is obtained.

[0038] Further: The fertilizer prepared by the method comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages: 40%-60% domestic waste, 30%-50% crop straw, 5%-10% animal manure, and 5%-10% decomposed compost; Among them, domestic waste includes vegetable peels, leftovers, etc., crop straw can be corn, rice, and wheat straw, which can provide carbon sources and increase the air permeability of compost, and animal manure can be chicken manure, cow manure, etc., which can provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; mature compost can introduce rich microbial communities to promote compost fermentation.

Claims

1. A device for making fertilizer from domestic waste, characterized by: The invention comprises a composting box, wherein an axial tube is rotated through the inside of the composting box, a plurality of stirring rods are fixed on the two axial tubes, support wheels are fixed on both ends of the two axial tubes, and a support frame with semi-arc teeth fixed on both ends, and the two support wheels on the same side roll on the corresponding semi-arc teeth. A power shaft is rotated in the middle of the lower end of the composting box, and the two ends of the power shaft are respectively engaged with the two semi-arc teeth for transmission connection.

2. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A middle plate is fixed in the middle of the upper end of the compost box, and covers are rotatably provided at both ends of the middle plate. Surrounding frames are fixed on both sides of the compost box, hook blocks are slid in the surrounding frames, and springs are provided between the hook blocks and the surrounding frames.

3. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air pipe is passed through the middle plate, a placement box for placing a deodorant is provided at the upper end of the air pipe, and an expanding pipe is fixed at the lower end of the air pipe.

4. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A baffle is fixed between the air pipe and the expanded pipe, and a screw rod II is rotated on the middle plate. The screw rod II penetrates the air pipe and is threadedly connected with the air pipe.

5. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two L-shaped track plates are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the upper end of the compost box, a sliding frame slides between the two L-shaped track plates, a stirring shaft rotates at the lower end of the sliding frame, a spiral plate is fixed on the stirring shaft, a screw rod I rotates through the compost box, and the screw rod I is threadedly connected to the sliding frame.

6. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower ends of both sides of the compost box are rotatably provided with door arc plates, both ends of the door arc plates are provided with convex edges, and the other two sides of the compost box are slidably provided with two clamping blocks, each clamping block is slidably engaged with the corresponding convex edge, and an electric telescopic rod is installed between each clamping block and the compost box.

7. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of shifting rods are evenly distributed around the two shaft tubes. Each shifting rod is fixedly connected to a plurality of stirring rods on the same side. The rotating shifting rods are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the corresponding door arc plate.

8. The domestic waste fertilizer making device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An air pipe head is rotated at the center of the two supporting wheels on the same side. An air hole is provided on each shift rod and each stirring rod, and each air hole is connected to the air pipe head through an axis tube.

9. The method for making fertilizer from household waste according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include S1. Crush and sort the domestic waste and remove the plastic bags; S2. Separate the ferrous metals by magnetic separation; S3, crushing the garbage again, drying it, mixing it with other raw materials, and using a fertilizer making device to compost and ferment it. The composting process is regularly turned and ventilated; S4. After the compost is decomposed, fertilizer is obtained.

10. The fertilizer prepared by the method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fertilizer includes the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 40%-60% of domestic garbage, 30%-50% of crop straw, 5%-10% of animal excrement, and 5%-10% of decomposed compost.

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