High and steep barren rock slope stepped earthing greening ecological regreening system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high and steep barren rock slope stepped earthing greening ecological regreening system and a construction method thereof. An original barren rock slope line is excavated and cut in a stepped mode to form a stepped slope and a stepped platform, and greening plants are planted on the stepped platform to form a stepped earthing greening system; the step type earthing greening system is composed of vine climbing plants planted on the prefabricated retaining wall arranged on the outer side of the step type platform, arbors planted in the planting grooves and herbaceous plants planted on backfill earthing. The prefabricated retaining wall is fixedly embedded on the outer side of the stepped platform through steel chisels, and a prefabricated concrete plate hanging bag is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated retaining wall. According to the method, the stability of the side slope is improved, the large-area overall collapse phenomenon is avoided, the flushing effect of rainwater on backfill soil is reduced, the plant survival rate is increased, the work amount is saved, and rapid regreening of the side slope is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a stepped soil covering and greening ecological restoration system for high and steep waste rock slopes and a construction method thereof, which is mainly applicable to waste rock slope ecological restoration projects with steep slopes that require slope cutting in mines, municipalities, railways, highways, etc. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of slope regreening technologies, including vine regreening technology, slope cutting regreening technology, eco-bag regreening technology, dotted regreening technology, hanging regreening technology, drilling regreening technology, spraying regreening technology, and vegetation concrete regreening technology. For high and steep slopes with relatively broken rock, the use of traditional slope regreening technologies has the following problems: (1) Traditional technology does not involve slope cutting, and the stability of the broken rock slope is poor. During heavy rain or rainstorms, due to the lack of drainage structure, large-scale overall collapse and landslide may occur, resulting in poor safety.

[0003] 2) The bedrock of the slope is exposed, with a large open area. Backfilling the exposed bedrock with planting soil is easily washed away by rainwater, resulting in a lack of basic soil for the green plants to survive and a low survival rate.

[0004] 3) The construction of facilities such as troughs, holes, and hanging baskets on rock slopes requires a large amount of work, especially cast-in-place structures, which requires a long construction period and is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] 4) When it rains, the green plants in the planting troughs are easily soaked for too long, resulting in "root rot". When the weather is sunny, due to lack of water, water needs to be brought in from other places for maintenance, which has high maintenance costs.

[0006] Therefore, how to ensure the safety and stability of high and steep waste rock slopes, reduce construction risks, reduce the impact of rainwater on the slopes, prevent the planting soil backfilled on the slopes from being carried away by rainwater, improve the survival rate of plants, save the amount of greening work, construction period and maintenance costs, and achieve rapid slope greening is the main problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the stability of the slope by step-by-step slope cutting, utilize the inner and outer ditches of the platform for rapid drainage, utilize soil reinforcement to reduce the washing of backfill soil by rainfall, reduce the amount of on-site engineering by casting the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket and the prefabricated assembled retaining wall into an integrated structure, and achieve rapid regreening of the slope by arranging a water collection well in the planting trough to store water in rainy and snowy weather and use it as a water source for plant maintenance and watering when the weather is clear.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention relates to a stepped soil-covering and greening ecological restoration system for a high-steep waste rock slope, comprising an original waste rock slope line, a stepped excavation line, a stepped slope, a stepped platform, a stepped soil-covering and greening system, a prefabricated assembled retaining wall, reserved drainage holes, a steel drill, a prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket, climbing plants, an outer ditch of the platform, an inner ditch of the platform, backfill soil, geogrids, herbaceous plants, planting troughs, improved soil, glass fiber yarns, trees, embedded holes at the bottom of the retaining wall, and a water collection well; The original waste rock slope line is excavated and cut along the stepped excavation line to form a stepped slope and stepped platform. Green plants are planted on the stepped platform to form a stepped soil covering greening system. The stepped soil covering greening system consists of climbing plants planted on the prefabricated retaining wall outside the stepped platform, trees planted in the planting troughs, and herbaceous plants planted on the backfill soil. The prefabricated retaining wall is embedded on the outside of the stepped platform by steel chisels. Drainage holes and embedding holes at the bottom of the retaining wall are set on the inside of the prefabricated retaining wall, and prefabricated concrete slab hanging pockets are set on the outside. An inner platform ditch is provided on the inner side of the stepped platform, and an outer platform ditch is provided on the back of the prefabricated retaining wall on the outer side; The planting troughs are backfilled with improved soil and glass fiber in layers; the areas between the planting troughs and the inner ditch of the platform, between the planting troughs, and between the planting troughs and the outer ditch of the platform are backfilled with soil in layers, and geogrids are laid in layers; water collection wells are set up in the planting troughs at uniform intervals along the longitudinal direction of the slope. The water collection wells store water in rainy and snowy weather, and are used as a water source for plant maintenance and watering when the weather is clear.

[0009] Furthermore, the height of the stepped slope is the same as the width of the stepped platform, and the stepped slope and the stepped platform are arranged in multiple levels along the high and steep waste rock slope.

[0010] Furthermore, holes are drilled at even intervals on the outside of the stepped platform, steel chisels are driven into the holes, and the steel chisels are inserted into the embedded holes at the bottom of the retaining wall at the lower part of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall. Three steel chisels are arranged horizontally along the prefabricated assembled retaining wall, and multiple steel chisels are arranged vertically according to the length of the retaining wall.

[0011] Furthermore, the prefabricated assembled retaining wall is provided with a prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket during the prefabrication process, and the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket and the prefabricated assembled retaining wall are cast into an integrated overall structure; The precast concrete slab hanging pockets are divided into upper hanging pockets and lower hanging pockets, and multiple hanging pocket drainage holes are set at the lower part of the precast concrete slab hanging pockets; PVC water pipes are inserted into the outlets of the reserved drainage holes in the precast assembled retaining wall.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper hanging pocket and the lower hanging pocket are backfilled with nutrient soil, and climbing plants are planted in the nutrient soil so that the climbing plants can climb down along the prefabricated retaining wall to the stepped slope for greening.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer ditch of the platform is located at the foot of the prefabricated retaining wall, the reserved drainage hole of the prefabricated retaining wall is connected to the outer ditch of the platform, and a filter wire mesh bag is set at the inlet of the reserved drainage hole.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two planting troughs on the stepped platform. The improved soil and glass fiber are mixed evenly and then backfilled into the planting troughs. Trees are planted at even intervals in the planting troughs.

[0015] The present invention also provides a construction method for a high-steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Slope cleaning: Clean up the loose rocks on the slope, measure and lay out on site, draw the original waste rock slope line, and draw the stepped excavation line according to the designed slope ratio, stepped slope height and width; Step 2: Step-by-step excavation of the slope: Use an excavator to excavate the slope from top to bottom in steps along the stepped excavation line. The height of each stepped slope is the same as the width of the stepped platform. Step 3: Dig planting troughs and side ditches: Level the stepped platform, measure and lay out the lines according to the design on the drawings, and lay out the installation lines of the prefabricated retaining wall, the excavation lines of the planting troughs, the platform outer ditch, and the platform inner ditch. According to the excavation lines, dig the platform inner ditch on the inside of the stepped platform, dig the platform outer ditch on the outside, and dig two planting troughs in the middle. Dig water collection wells at even intervals in the planting troughs. The depth and diameter of the water collection wells are determined according to the water consumption for the on-site greening plant maintenance. Step 4: Install the steel drill: Drill steel drill holes using a drilling rig within the installation line of the prefabricated retaining wall outside the stepped platform according to the designed spacing, and insert steel drills into the steel drill holes. Three steel drills are arranged horizontally and multiple steel drills are arranged at uniform spacing in the vertical direction. Step 5: Install prefabricated retaining wall: The prefabricated retaining wall is produced in advance at the prefabricated concrete component factory. The prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket is cast into one piece with the prefabricated retaining wall. After curing, it is transported to the construction site. The prefabricated retaining wall is lifted on site using a crane and excavator, so that the embedding holes at the bottom of the retaining wall are aligned with the steel drills. The prefabricated retaining wall is embedded with multiple steel drills. The back of the prefabricated retaining wall is close to the outer ditch of the platform, and the reserved drainage holes are connected to the outer ditch of the platform. A filter wire mesh bag is set at the inlet of the reserved drainage hole, and a PVC water pipe is inserted at the outlet; Step 6: Planting trees in the trough: Mix the improved soil and glass fiber in advance, fill it into the planting trough, and plant trees at even intervals in the planting trough; Step 7: Planting herbs: Backfill soil in layers between the planting troughs and the inner ditch of the platform, between the planting troughs, and between the planting troughs and the outer ditch of the platform, and lay geogrids in layers. First, backfill a layer of soil, lay a layer of geogrid, then backfill a layer of soil, lay a layer of geogrid, and finally backfill a layer of soil. Plant herbaceous plants on the top layer of backfill soil. Step 8: Planting climbing plants: Backfill nutrient soil in the upper and lower hanging pockets of the prefabricated retaining wall. After the nutrient soil is backfilled, vines are planted in the upper and lower hanging pockets to allow the vines to climb downwards for step-type slope greening. Step 9: Water spray maintenance: Greening plant maintenance pipelines are laid according to the direction of the multi-step steep slope. The main water supply pipe is connected to the collection well. The river water is pumped into the collection well for storage through a water pump, and then the accumulated water in the collection well is pumped out through the main water supply pipe for daily greening maintenance.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects: 1) The present invention performs step-by-step slope cutting on high and steep waste rock slopes, arranges multiple steps, and sets prefabricated assembled retaining walls beside the steps, thereby improving the stability of the slope and avoiding large-scale overall collapse and sliding.

[0017] 2) The present invention provides drainage ditches on both the inside and outside of each step. The improved soil in the planting trough is reinforced by fiber threads, and the platform backfill soil is reinforced with multi-layer geogrids. The "reinforcement effect" can effectively reduce the washing of backfill soil and improved soil by rainwater, avoid the loss of soil required for plant growth, and improve the survival rate of plants.

[0018] 3) The present invention has developed an integrated structure of prefabricated assembled retaining wall and prefabricated concrete slab hanging bag, which is prefabricated in the factory in advance and can be quickly fixed to the outside of the platform directly on site using steel chisels. There is no need to set up additional floating grooves, holes, hanging baskets and other facilities on the slope, which reduces the amount of work and saves time and cost.

[0019] 4) The present invention arranges water collection wells at even intervals in the platform planting trough. The water collection wells store water in rainy and snowy weather to prevent the plants in the planting trough from being soaked for a long time and causing "root rot". At the same time, they serve as a water source for plant maintenance and watering when the weather is clear, saving maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the step-type excavation of a high and steep waste rock slope according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of the high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system of the present invention; Figure 3This is a system diagram of the ecological greening system for covering the steep waste rock slope platform of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a prefabricated assembled retaining wall installed and fixed on the edge of a high and steep waste rock slope platform of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front detail of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall-prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket integrated structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a detailed diagram of the planting trough and backfill covering structure of the high and steep waste rock slope platform of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a plan view (top view) of the ecological greening system of the high and steep waste rock slope platform covered with soil.

[0021] Among them: 1. Original waste rock slope line; 2. Stepped excavation line; 3. Stepped slope; 4. Stepped platform; 5. Stepped soil covering and greening system; 6. Prefabricated and assembled retaining wall; 7. Reserved drainage holes; 8. Steel drill; 9. PVC water pipe; 10. Prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket; 10-1. Upper hanging pocket; 10-2. Lower hanging pocket; 11. Nutrient soil; 12. Ivy; 13. Platform outer ditch; 14. Platform inner ditch; 15. Filter wire mesh bag; 16. Backfill soil; 17. Geogrid; 18. Herbaceous plants; 19. Planting trough; 20. Improved soil; 21. Glass fiber; 22. Arbor; 23. Hanging pocket drainage hole; 24. Embedded hole at the bottom of retaining wall; 25. Water collection well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The slope repair method, platform flatness, ditch size, prefabrication requirements and installation quality standards of prefabricated and assembled retaining walls, technical requirements for layered laying of geogrids, size and excavation requirements of planting troughs, quality requirements for mixing glass fiber and improved soil, depth and water capacity of water collection wells, nutrient soil mix ratio formula, plant selection requirements, etc. will not be repeated in the present invention, and the focus will be on elaborating on the implementation method of the structure involved in the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 The schematic diagram of the stepped excavation of the high and steep waste rock slope shown mainly includes the original waste rock slope line 1, the stepped excavation line 2, the stepped slope 3, the stepped platform 4, and the stepped soil covering and greening system 5. The original waste rock slope line 1 is cut according to the stepped excavation line 2 to form the stepped slope 3 and the stepped platform 4. The height of the stepped slope 3 is the same as the width of the stepped platform 4, which is 5-8m. The stepped slope 3 and the stepped platform 4 can be set in multiple levels along the high and steep waste rock slope; green plants are planted on the stepped platform 4 to form the stepped soil covering and greening system 5.

[0026] like Figure 4-5 The structure diagram of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall installed on the edge of the high and steep waste rock slope platform shown in the figure mainly includes a stepped slope 3, a stepped platform 4, a prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6, a reserved drainage hole 7, a steel drill 8, a PVC water pipe 9, a prefabricated concrete slab hanging bag 10, an upper hanging bag 10-1, a lower hanging bag 10-2, an outer ditch of the platform 13, a filter wire mesh bag 15, a hanging bag drainage hole 23, and a retaining wall bottom embedded hole 24. The inner side of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6 is provided with a reserved drainage hole 7, a retaining hole 24, and a retaining hole 25. The bottom of the wall is embedded with a hole 24, and a precast concrete slab hanging pocket 10 is provided on the outside. The precast concrete slab hanging pocket 10 is provided during the prefabrication process of the precast assembled retaining wall 6. The precast concrete slab hanging pocket 10 and the precast assembled retaining wall 6 are cast as an integrated structure; the precast concrete slab hanging pocket 10 is divided into an upper hanging pocket 10-1 and a lower hanging pocket 10-2, and a plurality of hanging pocket drainage holes 23 are provided at the lower part of the precast concrete slab hanging pocket 10; a PVC water pipe 9 is inserted into the outlet of the reserved drainage hole 7 in the precast assembled retaining wall 6.

[0027] Furthermore, holes are drilled at even intervals on the outside of the stepped platform 4, and steel chisels 8 are driven into the holes. The prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6 is embedded on the outside of the stepped platform 4 through the steel chisels 8. The steel chisels 8 are inserted into the embedding holes 24 at the bottom of the retaining wall at the lower part of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6. Three steel chisels 8 are arranged horizontally (in the cross-sectional direction) along the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6, and multiple steel chisels 8 can be arranged longitudinally according to the length of the retaining wall; a platform outer ditch 13 is provided on the back of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6; the platform outer ditch 13 is located at the foot of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6, and the reserved drainage hole 7 of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6 is connected to the platform outer ditch 13, and a filter wire mesh bag 15 is provided at the entrance of the reserved drainage hole 7.

[0028] like Figure 3 、 67 shows the system diagram of the ecological greening system of the soil covering and greening of the high and steep waste rock slope platform, which mainly includes a stepped slope 3, a stepped platform 4, a stepped soil covering and greening system 5, a prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6, a prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket 10, an upper hanging pocket 10-1, a lower hanging pocket 10-2, nutrient soil 11, climbing plants 12, an outer ditch of the platform 13, an inner ditch of the platform 14, backfill soil 16, geogrids 17, herbaceous plants 18, planting troughs 19, improved soil 20, glass fiber yarn 21, and trees 22, water collection well 25, etc. The stepped soil covering greening system 5 is composed of vines 12 planted on the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6 arranged on the outside of the stepped platform 4, trees 22 planted in the planting trough 19, and herbaceous plants 18 planted on the backfill covering soil 16; the upper hanging pocket 10-1 and the lower hanging pocket 10-2 are backfilled with nutrient soil 11, and vines 12 are planted in the nutrient soil 11. The vines 12 can climb down along the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6 to the stepped slope 3 for regreening.

[0029] Furthermore, an inner platform ditch 14 is provided on the inner side of the stepped platform 4. Two planting troughs 19 are provided on the stepped platform 4. Improved soil 20 and glass fiber yarns 21 are mixed evenly. The planting troughs 19 are backfilled with improved soil 20 and glass fiber yarns 21 in layers, and trees 22 are planted in the planting troughs 19 at even intervals. Layers of backfilled soil 16 are provided between the planting troughs 19 and the inner platform ditch 14, between the planting troughs 19 and the planting troughs 19, and between the planting troughs 19 and the outer platform ditch 13. Geogrids 17 are laid in layers. Three layers of backfilled soil 16 are provided, and two layers of geogrid 17 are provided. Herbaceous plants 18 are planted on the backfilled soil 16.

[0030] like Figure 7 As shown in the plan view of the ecological greening system of the high and steep waste rock slope platform covered with soil, the planting troughs 19 are provided with water collection wells 25 at uniform intervals along the longitudinal direction of the slope. The water collection wells 25 store water in rainy and snowy weather and serve as a water source for plant maintenance and watering when the weather is clear.

[0031] Example 2 The present invention also provides a construction method for a stepped soil covering and greening ecological restoration system for high and steep waste rock slopes, which comprises the following steps: Step 1. Slope cleaning: Be familiar with the design drawings and relevant document requirements, prepare a construction plan for the stepped soil covering and greening ecological restoration system for the steep waste rock slope, and a special plan for high-altitude work safety, clean up the loose stones on the slope, measure and lay out on site, draw the original waste rock slope line 1, and draw the stepped excavation line 2 according to the designed slope reduction ratio of 1:0.5 and the height and width of the stepped slope.

[0032] Step 2: Step-by-step excavation of the slope: Use an excavator to perform graded excavation from the top of the slope along the step-by-step excavation line 2 from top to bottom. The height of each step-by-step slope 3 is the same as the width of the step-by-step platform 4, which is 5-8m.

[0033] Step 3. Excavate planting troughs and side ditches: Level the stepped platform 4, measure and lay out the positions according to the design drawings, and mark out the installation lines of the prefabricated retaining wall 6, the excavation lines of the planting troughs 19, the platform outer ditch 13, and the platform inner ditch 14. According to the excavation lines, excavate the platform inner ditch 14 on the inner side of the stepped platform 4, excavate the platform outer ditch 13 on the outer side, excavate two planting troughs 19 in the middle, and excavate water collection wells 25 at uniform intervals in the planting troughs 19. The depth and diameter of the water collection wells 25 are determined according to the water consumption for on-site greening plant maintenance.

[0034] Step 4: Install steel drills: Use a drill rig to drill steel drill holes within the installation line of the prefabricated retaining wall 6 outside the stepped platform 4 according to the designed spacing, and insert steel drills 8 into the steel drill holes. Set three steel drills 8 horizontally (cross-sectional direction in the figure) and multiple steel drills 8 at uniform spacing in the longitudinal direction (slope direction).

[0035] Step 5. Install the prefabricated retaining wall: produce the prefabricated retaining wall 6 in the concrete prefabricated component factory in advance, cast the prefabricated concrete slab hanging bag 10 and the prefabricated retaining wall 6 into one piece, and transport it to the construction site after maintenance. Use a crane and an excavator to lift the prefabricated retaining wall 6 on site, so that the embedding hole 24 at the bottom of the retaining wall is aligned with the steel drill 8, and the prefabricated retaining wall 6 is embedded through multiple steel drills 8. The back of the prefabricated retaining wall 6 is close to the outer ditch 13 of the platform, and the reserved drainage hole 7 is connected to the outer ditch 13 of the platform. A filter wire mesh bag 15 is set at the inlet of the reserved drainage hole 7, and a PVC water pipe 9 is inserted at the outlet.

[0036] Step 6: Planting trees in the trough: Mix the improved soil 20 and glass fiber filaments 21 in advance, fill them into the planting trough 19, and plant trees 22 at uniform intervals in the planting trough 19. Step 7. Planting herbaceous plants: backfill the covering soil 16 in layers between the planting trough 19 and the inner ditch 14 of the platform, between the planting troughs 19 and the planting troughs 19, and between the planting troughs 19 and the outer ditch 13 of the platform, and lay the geogrid 17 in layers. First, backfill a layer of covering soil 16, lay a layer of geogrid 17, then backfill a layer of covering soil 16, lay another layer of geogrid 17, and finally backfill a layer of covering soil 16, and plant herbaceous plants 18 on the top layer of backfill covering soil 16.

[0037] Step 8. Planting vines: Backfill nutrient soil 11 in the upper hanging pocket 10-1 and the lower hanging pocket 10-2 of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall 6. The nutrient soil 11 is made of loam, organic vegetation substrate, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, water retaining agent and other materials in a certain proportion. After the nutrient soil 11 is backfilled, vines 12 such as creepers and kudzu are planted in the upper hanging pocket 10-1 and the lower hanging pocket 10-2. The vines 12 climb downward to green the stepped slope 3.

[0038] Step 9: Water spray maintenance: According to the direction of the multi-step steep slope, green plant maintenance pipelines are laid. The main water supply pipe is connected to the water collection well 25. The river water is pumped into the water collection well 25 for storage through a water pump, and then the accumulated water in the water collection well 25 is pumped out through the main water supply pipe for daily greening maintenance.

[0039] The parts not described in detail in the present invention are prior art, so the present invention does not describe them in detail.

[0040] It is understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the elements may be multiple, and the term "one" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0041] Although this document uses a lot of professional terms, it does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitations is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation mode. Anyone can derive other forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same or similar to the present invention falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering greening ecological restoration system is characterized by: It includes the original waste rock slope line (1), the stepped excavation line (2), the stepped slope (3), the stepped platform (4), the stepped soil covering and greening system (5), the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6), the reserved drainage hole (7), the steel drill (8), the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10), the climbing plant (12), the platform outer ditch (13), the platform inner ditch (14), the backfill soil (16), the geogrid (17), the herbaceous plant (18), the planting trough (19), the improved soil (20), the glass fiber (21), the tree (22), the retaining wall bottom embedded hole (24), and the water collection well (25); The original waste rock slope line (1) is excavated and cut along the stepped excavation line (2) to form a stepped slope (3) and a stepped platform (4), and green plants are planted on the stepped platform (4) to form a stepped soil covering greening system (5); The stepped soil covering greening system (5) is composed of creepers (12) planted on a prefabricated retaining wall (6) arranged outside the stepped platform (4), trees (22) planted in a planting trough (19), and herbaceous plants (18) planted on the backfill soil (16); The prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is embedded on the outside of the stepped platform (4) by a steel chisel (8); a reserved drainage hole (7) and an embedding hole (24) at the bottom of the retaining wall are provided on the inside of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6); and a prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10) is provided on the outside; The stepped platform (4) is provided with an inner platform groove (14) on the inner side, and an outer platform groove (13) is provided on the back of the prefabricated retaining wall (6) on the outer side; The planting trough (19) is backfilled with improved soil (20) and glass fiber (21) in layers; between the planting trough (19) and the inner ditch (14) of the platform, between the planting troughs (19) and the planting troughs (19), and between the planting troughs (19) and the outer ditch (13) of the platform, the soil (16) is backfilled in layers, and geogrids (17) are laid in layers; the planting troughs (19) are provided with water collection wells (25) at uniform intervals along the longitudinal direction of the slope, and the water collection wells (25) are used to store water in rainy and snowy weather and are used as a water source for plant maintenance and watering when the weather is clear.

2. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The height of the stepped slope (3) is the same as the width of the stepped platform (4), and the stepped slope (3) and the stepped platform (4) are arranged in multiple levels along the high and steep waste rock slope.

3. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Holes are drilled at even intervals on the outside of the stepped platform (4), and steel chisels (8) are driven into the holes. The steel chisels (8) are inserted into the retaining wall bottom embedding holes (24) at the lower part of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6). Three steel chisels (8) are arranged transversely along the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6), and multiple steel chisels (8) are arranged longitudinally according to the length of the retaining wall.

4. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is provided with a prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10) during the prefabrication process, and the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10) and the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) are cast into an integrated overall structure; The prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10) is divided into an upper hanging pocket (10-1) and a lower hanging pocket (10-2), and a plurality of hanging pocket drainage holes (23) are provided at the lower portion of the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10); a PVC water pipe (9) is inserted into the outlet of the reserved drainage hole (7) in the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6).

5. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper hanging pocket (10-1) and the lower hanging pocket (10-2) are backfilled with nutrient soil (11), and climbing plants (12) are planted in the nutrient soil (11) so that the climbing plants (12) can climb down along the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) to the stepped slope (3) for regreening.

6. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The platform outer ditch (13) is located at the foot of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6), the reserved drainage hole (7) of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is connected to the platform outer ditch (13), and a filtering wire mesh bag (15) is provided at the inlet of the reserved drainage hole (7).

7. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are two planting grooves (19) on the stepped platform (4). The improved soil (20) and the glass fiber (21) are mixed evenly and then backfilled into the planting grooves (19). Trees (22) are planted at even intervals in the planting grooves (19).

8. The high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering and greening ecological restoration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The backfill soil (16) is provided with three layers, the geogrid (17) is provided with two layers, and herbaceous plants (18) are planted on the backfill soil (16).

9. The construction method of the high and steep waste rock slope step-type soil covering greening ecological restoration system is characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Slope cleaning: Clean up the loose rocks on the slope, measure and lay out the lines on site, draw the original waste rock slope line (1), and draw the stepped excavation line according to the designed slope ratio, stepped slope height and width (2); Step 2: Step-by-step excavation of the slope: Using an excavator to perform graded excavation from the top of the slope from top to bottom along the stepped excavation line (2), the height of each stepped slope (3) being the same as the width of the stepped platform (4); Step 3: Dig planting troughs (19) and side ditches: Level the stepped platform (4), measure and lay out the lines according to the design position of the drawing, and lay out the installation line of the prefabricated retaining wall (6), the excavation line of the planting groove (19), the platform outer ditch (13), and the platform inner ditch (14). According to the excavation line, the platform inner ditch (14) is excavated on the inner side of the stepped platform (4), the platform outer ditch (13) is excavated on the outer side, and two planting grooves (19) are excavated in the middle. A water collection well (25) is excavated at a uniform interval in the planting groove (19), wherein the depth and diameter of the water collection well (25) are determined according to the water consumption of the on-site greening plant maintenance; Step 4: Driving the steel chisel (8): Drilling steel drill holes in the installation line of the prefabricated retaining wall (6) outside the stepped platform (4) according to the designed spacing, driving steel drill holes (8) into the steel drill holes, and setting three steel drill holes (8) in the horizontal direction and multiple steel drill holes in the vertical direction at uniform spacing; Step 5: Install prefabricated retaining wall (6): The prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is produced in advance at a prefabricated concrete component factory, the prefabricated concrete slab hanging pocket (10) and the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) are cast into one piece, and after curing, are transported to the construction site; The prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is lifted on site by a crane and an excavator, so that the embedding hole (24) at the bottom of the retaining wall is aligned with the steel drill (8), and the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is embedded by multiple steel drills (8). The back of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6) is close to the outer ditch (13) of the platform, and the reserved drainage hole (7) is connected to the outer ditch (13) of the platform. A filter wire mesh bag (15) is set at the inlet of the reserved drainage hole (7), and a PVC water pipe (9) is inserted at the outlet; Step 6: Planting trees in the trough: The improved soil (20) and the glass fiber (21) are mixed evenly in advance, and backfilled into the planting trough (19), and trees (22) are planted in the planting trough (19) at uniform intervals; Step 7: Planting herbs: Between the planting trough (19) and the inner ditch (14) of the platform, between the planting trough (19) and the planting trough (19), and between the planting trough (19) and the outer ditch (13) of the platform, backfilling the soil (16) in layers, laying the geogrid (17) in layers, first backfilling the soil (16) in layers, laying the geogrid (17), then backfilling the soil (16) in layers, laying the geogrid (17), and finally backfilling the soil (16) in layers, and planting herbaceous plants (18) on the top layer of backfilled soil (16); Step 8: Planting climbing plants: Backfilling nutrient soil (11) in the upper hanging pocket (10-1) and the lower hanging pocket (10-2) of the prefabricated assembled retaining wall (6); after the backfilling of the nutrient soil (11) is completed, planting vines and creepers (12) in the upper hanging pocket (10-1) and the lower hanging pocket (10-2) so that the vines and creepers (12) can climb downwards to green the stepped slope (3); Step 9: Water spray maintenance: According to the direction of the multi-step steep slope, greening plant maintenance pipelines are laid, and the main water supply pipe is connected to the water collection well (25). The river water is pumped into the water collection well (25) for storage through a water pump, and then the accumulated water in the water collection well (25) is pumped out through the main water supply pipe for daily greening maintenance.

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