Lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte and application of lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte in preparation of high-state-of-charge positive electrode for lithium-based reserve battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery electrolyte, and discloses lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte and application of the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte in preparation of a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for a lithium-based reserve battery. The lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a lithium electrolyte, an organic solvent, an adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent and an inorganic lithium salt, the molar concentration of the lithium electrolyte is 0.5-1.5 mol / L; the mass fraction of the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent is 0.1-3 wt%; the concentration of the inorganic lithium salt is saturation concentration. Anion groups in the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent in the electrolyte can be physically adsorbed on the surface of a positive electrode to form a uniformly coated sub-nano-scale CEI film, so that the surface of a positive electrode material is passivated, release of active oxygen on the surface of the positive electrode is reduced, and the surface structure stability and high-temperature and high-voltage cycling stability of the positive electrode material are improved; protons in the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent can be complexed with the inorganic lithium salt, so that the solubility of the inorganic lithium salt in the ester-based electrolyte is increased; and the dissolved inorganic lithium salt can be induced to generate SEI rich in specified inorganic lithium salt on the surface of the negative electrode, so that the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium battery electrolytes, and in particular to a non-aqueous lithium battery electrolyte and its application in preparing a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for a lithium-based reserve battery. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are secondary batteries with advantages such as high voltage and high specific energy. They are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, as well as in high-energy backup power sources. Increasing the upper voltage limit is a simple and effective method to increase the specific energy of lithium-ion battery cathode materials and lithium-ion secondary batteries.

[0003] However, the CEI film formed in the baseline electrolyte is unevenly coated, resulting in part of the cathode material surface being directly exposed to the electrolyte environment; and under high temperature or high voltage, the CEI film formed in the baseline electrolyte decomposes, resulting in more exposure of the cathode material surface. The exposed high-charge state cathode material surface comes into contact with solvent molecules, causing a large amount of solvent molecules to decompose, thereby generating a large number of gaseous molecules and protons, which endangers the safety of the battery. At the same time, the cathode material surface not covered by the CEI film cannot effectively hinder proton intercalation and inhibit the release of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the reorganization of the cathode surface structure. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a high-charge state cathode material with high integrity through electrochemical delithiation.

[0004] By using high-voltage electrolyte additives, it is possible to induce the formation of a more stable and uniform CEI film, more effectively preventing the electrolyte from directly contacting the surface of the positive electrode material, thereby preventing the occurrence of surface side reactions, and ultimately improving the high-voltage stability of the positive electrode material of lithium-based batteries. Existing stabilizing enhancement additives usually undergo electrochemical decomposition on the positive electrode surface and eventually settle to the positive electrode surface to form a CEI film. However, the CEI film formed by existing stabilizing enhancement additives is relatively thick, usually more than 1nm thick, and it is difficult to cover the positive electrode particles to a high degree. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries and its application in the preparation of a high-charge state positive electrode for lithium-based reserve batteries, aiming to solve the technical problem that the CEI film formed by the existing electrolyte containing a high-voltage electrolyte additive is relatively thick and has a low coverage of the positive electrode material particles.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] In a first aspect of the present application, a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium battery is provided, comprising a lithium electrolyte, an organic solvent, an adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent, and an inorganic lithium salt;

[0008] The molar concentration of the lithium electrolyte is 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L; the mass fraction of the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent is 0.1 to 3 wt%; and the concentration of the inorganic lithium salt is a saturated concentration.

[0009] Preferably, the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent includes any one of boric acid, tetraboric acid, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid or silicic acid.

[0010] Preferably, the inorganic lithium salt includes any one of lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide or lithium nitrate.

[0011] Preferably, in the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte, the mass fraction of the adsorptive acid additive is 0.8-1.2 wt %.

[0012] Preferably, the lithium electrolyte includes any one of LiPF6, LiTFSI or LiFSI.

[0013] Preferably, the organic solvent is a mixed solvent of DMC, EMC and EC in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0014] The second aspect of the present application provides the use of the above-mentioned lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte in a lithium ion battery or a lithium metal battery.

[0015] In another aspect of the present application, a lithium-ion battery is provided, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator;

[0016] The electrolyte is the above-mentioned lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte;

[0017] The negative electrode is a graphite negative electrode or a carbon silicon negative electrode.

[0018] In another aspect of the present application, a lithium metal battery is provided, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator;

[0019] The electrolyte is the above-mentioned lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte;

[0020] The negative electrode is a lithium metal negative electrode.

[0021] Another aspect of the present application provides the use of the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries in preparing a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for lithium-based reserve batteries. The high-state-of-charge positive electrode for lithium-based reserve batteries is prepared by electrochemical formation of a lithium battery positive electrode sheet and the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] In the electrolyte of the present application, the anionic groups in the adsorptive acidic additives boric acid, tetraboric acid, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid or silicic acid can be physically adsorbed on the surface of the positive electrode to form a uniformly coated artificial sub-nanoscale CEI film, which uniformly and comprehensively passivates the surface of the highly charged positive electrode material, reduces the release of active oxygen on the positive electrode surface, and improves the surface structural stability of the positive electrode material, high-temperature and high-voltage cycle stability and battery safety.

[0024] At the same time, the protons in the adsorptive acidic additive can complex with inorganic lithium salts, which not only reduces the damage of protons to the electrolyte system, but also increases the solubility of inorganic lithium salts in ester-based electrolytes; the dissolved inorganic lithium salts can induce the formation of SEI rich in specified inorganic lithium salts on the surface of the negative electrode, so that the ester-based electrolyte can match the lithium metal negative electrode, and also significantly improves the cycle performance of lithium batteries using graphite negative electrodes or silicon-carbon negative electrodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some of the embodiments described in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0026] Figure 1 Graph showing the cycle specific capacity of battery 1, battery 2, battery 5, battery 6, and battery 17 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the XRD diagram of the positive electrode material of the positive electrode sheet 2 and the positive electrode sheet 5 of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] In the following description of this embodiment, the terms "include", "comprising", "having" and "containing" are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] In the following description of this embodiment, the term "and / or" is used to describe the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, B exists alone, and both A and B exist. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0031] In the following description of this embodiment, the term "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c" can all represent: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0032] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0033] Those skilled in the art should understand that in the following description of the embodiments of the present application, the order of serial numbers does not mean the order of execution, some or all of the steps can be executed in parallel or sequentially, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the numerical ranges in the examples of the present application are to be understood as specifically disclosing each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range. Each smaller range between any intermediate value within a stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range is also included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

[0035] Unless otherwise indicated, the technical / scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. Although this application describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of this application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0036] In a first aspect, the present application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium battery, comprising a lithium electrolyte, an organic solvent, an adsorptive acidic additive, and an inorganic lithium salt;

[0037] The molar concentration of the lithium electrolyte is 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L; the mass fraction of the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent is 0.1 to 3 wt%; and the concentration of the inorganic lithium salt is a saturated concentration.

[0038] In the present application, the adsorption acidic auxiliary agent includes any one of boric acid, tetraboric acid, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid or silicic acid, and its chemical structure is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] The mass fraction of the adsorptive acid additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium battery is preferably 0.5 to 2 wt %, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 wt %.

[0041] In the present application, the inorganic lithium salt includes any one of lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, or lithium nitrate. The lithium electrolyte includes any one of LiPF6, LiTFSI, or LiFSI. The organic solvent is a mixed solvent of DMC, EMC, and EC in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0042] In the electrolyte of the present application, the protons in the adsorptive acidic additive can be complexed with the inorganic lithium salt, reducing the damage of the protons to the electrolyte system and increasing the solubility of the inorganic lithium salt in the electrolyte; the anionic groups in the adsorptive acidic additive can be adsorbed to the surface of the positive electrode material at the initial stage of charging to form a uniformly coated sub-nanometer CEI film, more efficiently passivating the surface of the lithium-based nickel-based oxide positive electrode material, hindering the direct contact between the electrolyte and the surface of the positive electrode material, thereby hindering the occurrence of surface side reactions, and ultimately improving the structural stability, high-temperature and high-voltage cycle stability and battery safety of the lithium-based battery positive electrode material. At the same time, the dissolution-promoting effect of the adsorptive acidic additive on the inorganic lithium salt can induce the formation of an inorganic lithium salt-rich SEI on the negative electrode surface, so that the ester-based electrolyte can match the lithium metal negative electrode, and also significantly improve the cycle performance of lithium batteries using graphite negative electrodes or silicon-carbon negative electrodes.

[0043] The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries of the present application can improve the structural stability, high-temperature and high-voltage cycle stability and battery safety of the positive electrode materials of lithium-based batteries, and at the same time can significantly improve the cycle performance of negative electrode materials such as lithium metal negative electrodes, graphite negative electrodes or silicon-carbon negative electrodes. It can be used to prepare lithium-ion batteries or lithium metal batteries.

[0044] The present application also provides a lithium-ion battery, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator; the active material of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery can be a ternary positive electrode material, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, or a transition metal oxide such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide; the negative electrode is a graphite negative electrode or a carbon silicon negative electrode; and the electrolyte is the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium battery of the present application.

[0045] The present application also provides a lithium metal battery, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator; the active material of the positive electrode can be a ternary positive electrode material, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, or a transition metal oxide such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide; the negative electrode is a lithium metal negative electrode, and the electrolyte is the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium battery of the present application.

[0046] The lithium-ion battery and lithium metal battery of the present application have good cycle stability and safety under high temperature and high voltage conditions.

[0047] The present application also provides the use of the above-mentioned lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte in preparing a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for a lithium-based reserve battery. Specifically, a lithium battery positive electrode sheet and the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte of the present application are electrochemically converted to prepare a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for a lithium-based reserve battery. Exemplary methods for preparing a high-state-of-charge positive electrode for a lithium-based reserve battery include:

[0048] The positive and negative electrodes of an existing lithium battery are stacked in a Z-shaped formation cell, the non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries of the present application is added, and the cells are vacuum-sealed with aluminum-plastic film to obtain a formation cell. The formation cell is clamped with a fixture and connected to an electrochemical testing system. After standing for 24 hours, the cell is charged at a rate of 0.1c, with an upper voltage of 4.3V and a lower voltage of 2.8V. After three cycles, the cell is charged at a rate of 0.1c to 4.3V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 4.3V until the current is less than 0.05c, completing the electrochemical formation. After the electrochemical formation, the cell is disassembled in an argon atmosphere glove box, the electrodes are removed, and then immersed in a DMC solution for cleaning and then naturally dried to obtain a high-charge state positive electrode sheet. The high-charge state positive electrode sheet can be used to prepare lithium-ion batteries.

[0049] The present application is further described below through examples.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This embodiment provides a lithium metal battery, the preparation method of which includes:

[0052] Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi x Co y Mn z O2, x:y:z = 8:1:1), Super P, and polyvinylidene fluoride were stirred in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone was added and stirred into a uniform slurry. This slurry was evenly coated on 15μm thick aluminum foil, dried in an electric constant temperature forced air drying oven at 60°C for 30 minutes, then dried in a vacuum oven at 110°C for 12 hours, and cut using a mold to obtain the positive electrode sheet. The negative electrode sheet used was a lithium metal sheet with a diameter of 15.6mm and a thickness of 0.25mm.

[0053] In an argon-filled glove box, CR 2032 button cells were assembled using a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, an electrolyte, and a PP separator. Sixteen different electrolyte solutions were prepared by adding different combinations of adsorbent acidic additives and inorganic lithium salts to 1 mol LiPF6 in a 1:1:1 vol% electrolyte. Sixteen cells were assembled, as shown in Table 1. The adsorbent acidic additive was added in an amount of 1 wt% of the electrolyte mass, and the inorganic lithium salt concentration was saturated. A control cell, designated Battery 17, was assembled using 1 mol LiPF6 in a 1:1:1 vol% electrolyte without the adsorbent acidic additive or inorganic lithium salt.

[0054] The assembled CR 2032 button cell battery was tested using the LAND test system. The test voltage range was 2.8 to 4.5 V, and the test current was 1C constant current charge and discharge. The test results of the battery are shown in Table 1.

[0055] In Table 1, A, B, C, and D represent different adsorbent acidic additives, and E, F, G, and H represent different inorganic lithium salts. Specifically, A represents boric acid, B represents tetraboric acid, C represents phosphoric acid, and D represents silicic acid; E represents lithium fluoride, F represents lithium nitrate, G represents lithium chloride, and H represents lithium bromide.

[0056] Table 1 Raw material ratio and capacity retention rate data of lithium batteries 1-17

[0057]

[0058] As shown in Table 1, the capacity retention of lithium batteries assembled with the electrolyte of this application is significantly improved. In particular, Battery 1 achieved a capacity retention of 90.1% after 200 cycles. In contrast, Battery 17, assembled with a conventional electrolyte, showed a significant decline in capacity retention after 200 cycles, reaching only 70.5%.

[0059] The cycle specific capacity diagram of battery 1, battery 2, battery 5, battery 6 and battery 17 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that the battery cycle performance of battery 1, battery 2, battery 5 and battery 6 containing the electrolyte of the present application is significantly better than that of battery 17 assembled with conventional electrolyte.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The present application provides a method for preparing a high-charge state positive electrode sheet, comprising:

[0062] 1. Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0063] Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi x Co y Mnz O2, x:y:z=8:1:1), Super P and polyvinylidene fluoride are stirred in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone is added, and the mixture is stirred into a uniform slurry; the slurry is evenly coated on an aluminum foil with a thickness of 15 μm, placed in an electric constant temperature blast drying oven and dried at 60°C for 30 minutes, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 110°C for 12 hours, and cut into positive electrode sheets with a length of 68 mm and a width of 60 mm using a mold.

[0064] 2. Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0065] Nickel graphite, SuperP, and polyvinylidene fluoride were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:1. An appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone was added and stirred into a uniform slurry. This slurry was evenly coated onto a 10μm copper foil. The foil was dried in an electric constant-temperature forced air drying oven at 60°C for 30 minutes, followed by drying in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 12 hours. The resulting sheet was then cut using a mold into negative electrode sheets measuring 70mm long and 62mm wide, with an areal capacity of 1.05 for the N / P ratio.

[0066] 3. Electrochemical formation

[0067] In an argon atmosphere glove box, four positive electrode sheets and five negative electrode sheets were stacked in a Z-shaped pattern to form a formation cell. After adding electrolyte, the cells were vacuum-sealed with aluminum-plastic film to obtain a formation cell.

[0068] The formed battery was clamped and connected to the electrochemical testing system. After standing for 24 hours, it was charged at a rate of 0.1C, an upper limit voltage of 4.3V, and a lower limit voltage of 2.8V. After 3 cycles, it was charged at a rate of 0.1C to 4.3V. It was then charged at a constant voltage of 4.3V until the current was less than 0.05C, completing the electrochemical formation.

[0069] After the electrochemical formation is completed, the battery is disassembled in a glove box with an argon atmosphere, the positive electrode sheet is removed, and it is soaked and cleaned in a DMC solution and then dried naturally to obtain a highly charged positive electrode sheet.

[0070] In the electrochemical formation step, electrolytes 1-5 as shown in Table 2 were used to assemble corresponding formation cells 1-5 and prepare corresponding positive electrode sheets 1-5. The electrolytes in Table 2 were prepared by adding 1 wt% of an adsorbent acid additive to 1 mol LiPF6 in a DMC:EMC:EC solution (1:1:1 Vol%), and then adding an inorganic lithium salt; the concentration of the inorganic lithium salt was saturated.

[0071] Table 2 Composition of electrolytes 1-5

[0072] serial number Adsorptive acid additives Inorganic lithium salts Electrolyte 1 Boric acid lithium fluoride Electrolyte 2 Tetraboric acid lithium fluoride Electrolyte 3 phosphoric acid lithium fluoride Electrolyte 4 Silicic acid lithium fluoride Electrolyte 5 none none

[0073] Take the positive electrode materials of positive electrode sheet 2 and positive electrode sheet 5 for XRD test, and the XRD patterns are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that in the XRD spectrum of the positive electrode material of the positive electrode plate 5 obtained by conventional electrolyte, obvious peak intensity appears near 2θ=14° and 25°, indicating that the positive electrode material has spinel phase / rock salt phase generated; while in the XRD spectrum of the positive electrode material of the positive electrode plate 2 obtained by the electrolyte of the present application, no obvious peak intensity appears near 2θ=14° and 25°, indicating that the positive electrode material has no obvious spinel phase / rock salt phase generated and the structural integrity is high.

[0074] The prepared positive electrode sheets 1-5 were placed in five double-port air collection bags. The air in the air collection bags was evacuated using a vacuum pump, and dry air was added through another air port. After sealing, the bags were placed in a 60°C oven for accelerated aging for 30 days and 60 days. One assembled battery was taken for testing. The specific method is as follows:

[0075] Positive electrodes 1-5 and two lithium metal sheets were stacked into cells using a Z-shaped stacking method. A commercial electrolyte solution of 1 mol LiPF6 in DMC:EMC:EC (1:1:1 vol%) was added, and the cells were vacuum-sealed with aluminum-plastic film to produce test cells 1-5. The assembled test cells were connected to a LAND test system and discharged at a rate of 0.1c to 2.8V after a 30-second rest period. The discharge test was then performed. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 Test data of lithium batteries containing high state-of-charge positive electrode plates

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from Table 3, the lithium battery containing the high-state-of-charge positive electrode plate of the present application has a capacity retention rate of 98.4% after 60 days of accelerated aging at 60°C in dry air, which is much higher than that of battery 5 using a conventional positive electrode plate. Its capacity retention rate after 60 days of accelerated aging has a significant downward trend, and the retention rate is only 74.7%.

[0080] Although this specification has been used to fully describe the present application using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made based on the present application. Therefore, such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present application are within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries, characterized in that: It includes lithium electrolyte, organic solvent, adsorption acid additive and inorganic lithium salt; The molar concentration of the lithium electrolyte is 0.5 to 1.5 mol / L; the mass fraction of the adsorptive acidic auxiliary agent is 0.1 to 3 wt%; and the concentration of the inorganic lithium salt is a saturated concentration.

2. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption acidic auxiliary agent includes any one of boric acid, tetraboric acid, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid or silicic acid.

3. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein The inorganic lithium salt includes any one of lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide or lithium nitrate.

4. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein In the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte, the mass fraction of the adsorptive acid additive is 0.8-1.2 wt %.

5. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein The lithium electrolyte includes any one of LiPF6, LiTFSI or LiFSI.

6. The non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The organic solvent is a mixed solvent of DMC, EMC and EC in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1.

7. Use of the non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in lithium ion batteries or lithium metal batteries.

8. A lithium-ion battery, characterized in that: Including positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator; The electrolyte is the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6; The negative electrode is a graphite negative electrode or a carbon silicon negative electrode.

9. A lithium metal battery, characterized in that: Including positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator; The electrolyte is the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6; The negative electrode is a lithium metal negative electrode.

10. Use of the non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in preparing a high state of charge positive electrode for lithium-based reserve batteries, characterized in that: The high-state-of-charge positive electrode for the lithium-based reserve battery is prepared by electrochemically forming a lithium battery positive electrode sheet and the lithium battery non-aqueous electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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