Antenna and antenna array

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and an antenna array. The antenna comprises a first oscillator and at least one second oscillator. And the working frequency of the first vibrator is smaller than that of the second vibrator. Each of the first vibrator and the second vibrator comprises a first balun assembly, a second balun assembly and a radiation structure; the radiation structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer and a coupling layer; the radiation layer comprises four radiation parts; the coupling layer comprises four coupling parts; one radiation part and one coupling part are correspondingly arranged, and orthographic projections of the radiation part and the coupling part on the dielectric substrate are overlapped; the second oscillator further comprises a first transmission layer arranged on the first surface side and a second transmission layer arranged on the second surface side, the first transmission layer is connected with the radiation part, and the second transmission layer is connected with the coupling part; orthographic projections of the first transmission layer and the second transmission layer on the dielectric substrate are at least partially overlapped, and the first transmission layer and the second transmission layer are electrically connected through a via hole penetrating through the dielectric substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of antenna technology, and particularly relates to an antenna and an antenna array. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of communication technology, the coexistence of 2G / 3G / 4G multi-system antennas, the hybrid networking of FDD / TDD multi-standard antennas, and the gradual large-scale commercialization of 5G network antennas have led to a dramatic increase in the demand for base station sites. Therefore, the high degree of integration of antenna systems has become an inevitable trend. Dual-band co-aperture base station antennas integrate two antennas operating in different frequency bands into a single antenna aperture, replacing the original two antennas. Dual-band co-aperture antenna technology can significantly reduce the antenna array area, thereby reducing the demand for base station site resources. However, dual-band co-aperture base station antennas contain two antenna elements operating in different frequency bands. These two elements are highly concentrated in physical space, leading to significant mutual coupling between the antennas. This reduces isolation between the two elements and distorts the antenna radiation pattern, thus degrading antenna system performance and affecting communication quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an antenna comprising a first dipole and at least one second dipole; the operating frequency of the first dipole is lower than the operating frequency of the second dipole; the first dipole and the second dipole each comprise a first balun component and a second balun component arranged crosswise, and a radiating structure electrically connected to the first balun component and the second balun component;

[0004] The radiation structure includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a coupling layer; the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface side and includes four radiation portions; the coupling layer is arranged on the second surface side and includes four coupling portions; one radiation portion is arranged corresponding to one coupling portion, and their orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate overlap;

[0005] The second oscillator further includes a first transmission layer arranged on the first surface side, and a second transmission layer arranged on the second surface side, the first transmission layer is connected to the radiating portion, and the second transmission layer is connected to the coupling portion; the orthographic projections of the first transmission layer and the second transmission layer on the dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, and the two are electrically connected through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the radiating portion is a ring-shaped structure, the ring structure including a first side and a second side connected to each other, and a third side connecting the first side and the second side; the coupling portion includes a first branch structure and a second branch structure connected to each other; the first branch structure at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first side on the dielectric substrate; and the second branch structure at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the second side on the dielectric substrate;

[0007] The first transmission layer is arranged in the annular structure and connected to the first side and the second side; the second transmission layer is arranged between the first branch structure and the second branch structure and connected to the first branch structure and the second branch structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first transmission layer includes a first transmission portion provided at the junction of the first side and the second side, and a first transmission line connected to the first transmission portion; the first transmission line is an open-loop structure, with an opening of the open-loop structure facing the junction of the first side and the second side; one end of the open-loop structure is connected to the first transmission portion;

[0009] The second transmission layer includes a second transmission portion, a second transmission line, and a third transmission line; the second transmission portion and the first transmission portion have overlapping orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate; one end of the second transmission line is connected to the second transmission portion, and the other end is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the second transmission portion, and the other end is connected to the other end of the open-loop structure through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first branch structure and the second branch structure are connected to each other to form a first vertex angle; and the straight line where the second transmission line is located coincides with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the first vertex angle on the dielectric substrate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first transmission portion and the second transmission portion on the dielectric substrate are either circular or rectangular.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first transmission layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line; the first transmission line includes a first sub-transmission line and a second sub-transmission line connected to each other, and the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line extend in different directions; the first sub-transmission line is connected to the first side, and the second sub-transmission line is connected to the second side; the second transmission line is an open-loop structure, with an opening of the open-loop structure facing the connection between the first side and the second side; one end of the open-loop structure is connected to the first sub-transmission line;

[0013] The second transmission layer includes a third transmission line; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the other end of the open-loop structure through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate; the third transmission line includes a plurality of third sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and at least some of the third sub-transmission lines extend in different directions.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least some of the third sub-transmission lines have different widths.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first side and the second side connected to each other form a second vertex angle;

[0016] The first transmission layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line; the first transmission line and the second transmission line are both L-shaped structures, and the two L-shaped structures are symmetrically arranged with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the second vertex on the dielectric substrate as the symmetry axis; the first end of the first transmission line is connected to the first side edge, and the first end of the second transmission line is connected to the second side edge;

[0017] The second transmission layer includes a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the first branch structure, and the other end is connected to the second end of the first transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate; one end of the fourth transmission line is connected to the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the second end of the second transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first side and the second side connected to each other form a second vertex angle;

[0019] The first transmission layer includes a first transmission line, one end of the first transmission line is connected to the first side, and the other end is connected to the second side; the first transmission line includes a plurality of first sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and adjacent first sub-transmission lines extend in different directions; the first transmission lines are symmetrically arranged with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the second vertex on the substrate as the symmetry axis;

[0020] The second transmission layer includes a second transmission line; one end of the second transmission line is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the symmetrical center of the first transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the width of the first branch structure is greater than the width of the first side, and the width of the second branch structure is greater than the width of the second side.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first side and the second side connected to each other define a second angle; the third side includes a plurality of sub-sides connected in sequence, and the angle between two adjacent sub-sides is α, 90°≤α<180°; wherein the two adjacent sub-sides define a third angle arranged opposite to the second angle;

[0023] For the four radiating portions in the radiating layer, the second vertex angles of the two radiating portions connected to the first balun component are opposite to each other, and the second vertex angles of the two radiating portions connected to the second balun component are opposite to each other.

[0024] In some embodiments, the second oscillator further includes a guide patch disposed on a side of the coupling layer facing away from the dielectric substrate, and a support layer disposed between the coupling layer and the guide patch; the guide patch is configured to adjust the gain of the second oscillator.

[0025] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflector; the first balun component and the second balun component of the first vibrator and the second vibrator are both mounted on the reflector;

[0026] The distance between the guiding patch of the second oscillator and the reflecting plate is smaller than the distance between the radiation layer of the first oscillator and the reflecting plate.

[0027] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the guide patch on the dielectric substrate overlaps with the orthographic projections of the four radiating portions on the dielectric substrate.

[0028] In some embodiments, the number of the second vibrators is four; a line connecting the four second vibrators forms a rectangle, and the first vibrator is located at the intersection of two diagonals of the rectangle.

[0029] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising the antennas described in the above embodiment, and each of the antennas shares one reflector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of the structure of the second vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 3 This is an exploded diagram of the second vibrator provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a radiation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the radiation layer in the second oscillator provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second vibrator in Example 1 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The top view structural diagram of the second vibrator is shown.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second vibrator in Example 2 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 9 for Figure 8 The top view structural diagram of the second vibrator is shown.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second vibrator in Example 3 provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The top view structural diagram of the second vibrator is shown.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second vibrator in Example 4 provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The top view structural diagram of the second vibrator is shown.

[0043] Figure 14 The embodiment of the present disclosure provides an isolation curve between the first vibrator and four second vibrators when the second vibrator in Example 1 is used.

[0044] Figure 15 The embodiment of the present disclosure provides an isolation curve between the first vibrator and four second vibrators when the second vibrator in Example 2 is used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "one", "a", "the" and the like used in this application do not indicate a limit on quantity and may indicate the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The word "multiple" used in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following objects. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application merely distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships. If the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0047] A dual-band, co-aperture base station antenna integrates a low-frequency antenna element operating in the low-frequency band (690MHz-960MHz) and a high-frequency antenna element operating in the high-frequency band (1690MHz-2690MHz) within the same aperture. These elements can operate simultaneously. When the low-frequency antenna element is operating, the electromagnetic field generated by it induces currents in the high-frequency antenna element, because the combined length of the high-frequency antenna element's radiating arm and feed balun is approximately 1 / 4 wavelength of the low-frequency antenna element's operating frequency band. This induced current is then radiated from the high-frequency antenna element, affecting the radiation pattern of the low-frequency antenna element and reducing the isolation between the high- and low-frequency antenna elements. To distinguish it from general isolation, the isolation between antenna elements operating in different frequency bands is referred to as inter-frequency isolation.

[0048] In order to improve the inter-frequency isolation between the low-frequency antenna element and the high-frequency antenna element and improve the antenna gain, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the antenna structure is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1The antenna includes a reflector 01 , and a first oscillator OS1 and at least one second oscillator OS2 arranged on the reflector 01 . The operating frequency of the first oscillator OS1 is lower than the operating frequency of the second oscillator OS2 . Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the second vibrator provided by the present disclosure, Figure 3 This is an exploded diagram of the second vibrator provided by the present disclosure. Figure 1-3 As shown, the first oscillator OS1 and the second oscillator OS2 each include a transmission structure 03, a radiating structure 02 disposed on the side of the transmission structure 03 facing away from the reflector 01, and a feeder 04 for feeding power to the transmission structure 03. The transmission structure 03 includes a first balun component 031 and a second balun component 032 arranged in a cross pattern, each with protrusions at both ends. The protrusions fit into notches G on the base plate 01 and the radiating structure 02, allowing the transmission structure 03 to be connected to the reflector 01 and the radiating structure 02 by plugging.

[0049] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The first balun assembly 031 includes a first substrate, a first reference electrode, and a first balun feed line disposed on both sides of the first substrate along its thickness. The second balun assembly 032 includes a second substrate, a second reference electrode, and a second balun feed line disposed on both sides of the second substrate along its thickness. The first and second substrates are mounted crosswise on the reflector 01, with the angle between the planes of the two substrates being 45°. Exemplarily, the heights of the first and second balun assemblies 031 and 032 are both 28 mm to 32 mm. Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a radiation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second vibrator in a specific embodiment provided by the present disclosure. Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the radiating structure 02 comprises a dielectric substrate 1, and a radiating layer 2 and a coupling layer 3 disposed on either side of the dielectric substrate 1 along its thickness. The radiating layer 2 is used to convert the guided waves transmitted by the balun assembly into electromagnetic waves in free space, while the coupling layer 3 is used to adjust the radiation direction during electromagnetic wave propagation, thereby changing the antenna's radiation performance in a specific direction. The dielectric substrate 1 can be a rectangular substrate, with a length and width ranging from 27 mm to 32 mm. The dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface W1 and a second surface W2 disposed opposite each other along its thickness. The radiating layer 2 is disposed on the first surface W1 and includes four rotationally symmetrical radiating portions 20. The coupling layer 3 is disposed on the second surface W2 and includes four rotationally symmetrical coupling portions 30, with each radiating portion 20 corresponding to each coupling portion 30. Corresponding arrangement here means that the orthographic projections of the radiating portion 20 and the coupling portion 30 on the dielectric substrate 1 at least partially overlap, thereby ensuring normal propagation of electromagnetic wave signals.

[0050] In particular, continue to refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 The second oscillator OS2 (high-frequency antenna oscillator) in the present disclosure also includes a first transmission layer 21 arranged on the first surface W1 side of the dielectric substrate 1, and a second transmission layer 31 arranged on the second surface W2 side of the dielectric substrate 1. The first transmission layer 21 is connected to the radiating portion 20, and the second transmission layer 31 is connected to the coupling portion 30, and the first transmission layer 21 and the second transmission layer 31 are electrically connected through a via that penetrates the dielectric substrate 1. Here, the structure formed by the electrical connection of the first transmission layer 2 and the second transmission layer 3 can be equivalent to an LC resonant circuit. The low-frequency scattered current emitted by the first oscillator OS1 to the second oscillator OS2 will be cut off by the LC resonant circuit, while the high-frequency current originally transmitted on the second oscillator OS2 will not be affected by the LC resonant circuit. Therefore, by providing the first transmission layer 2 and the second transmission layer 3 in the present application, the induced current generated on the second oscillator OS2 by the electromagnetic field generated by the first oscillator OS1 during operation can be effectively removed, thereby improving the isolation between the first oscillator OS1 and the second oscillator OS2 and improving the antenna gain.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the second oscillator OS2 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 The radiation portion is a ring structure, which includes a first side S1, a second side S2 and a third side S3 connected in sequence. The first side S1 and the second side S2 define a second angle, which is 90° for example. The third side S3 includes a plurality of sub-sides connected in sequence, and the extension directions of adjacent sub-sides are different. The angle α between adjacent sub-sides is a right angle or an obtuse angle. In one example, referring to Figure 5 , the third side includes a first sub-side SS1, a second sub-side SS2, a third sub-side SS3, and a fourth sub-side SS4 connected in sequence, wherein the first sub-side SS1 is connected to the first side S1, and the fourth sub-side SS4 is connected to the second side S2. The angles between the first sub-side SS1 and the first side S1, the angles between the second sub-side SS2 and the first sub-side SS1, the angles between the third sub-side SS3 and the fourth sub-side SS4, and the angles between the fourth sub-side SS4 and the second side S2 are all obtuse angles, and the angle between the second sub-side SS2 and the third sub-side SS3 is a right angle. In this case, the annular structure is essentially a hexagonal structure, wherein the second angle defined by the first side S1 and the second side S2 is arranged relative to the third angle defined by the second sub-side SS2 and the third sub-side SS3.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 6The coupling portion 30 includes a first branch structure 301 and a second branch structure 302 that are interconnected, and a first angle is defined between the two. For example, the first angle is 90°. The first branch structure 301 is arranged corresponding to the first side S1, and the second branch structure 302 is arranged corresponding to the second side S2. Here, corresponding arrangement means that the branch structure and the orthographic projection of the side on the dielectric substrate 1 at least partially overlap. In one example, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the signal, the width of the first branch structure 301 is set to be greater than the width of the first side S1, and the width of the second branch structure 302 is set to be greater than the width of the second side S2. At this time, the first branch structure 301 completely covers the orthographic projection of the first side S1 on the dielectric substrate 1, and the second branch structure 302 completely covers the orthographic projection of the second side S2 on the dielectric substrate 1.

[0053] Based on the specific structure of the second oscillator OS2 described above, the first transmission layer 2 forming the LC resonant circuit is disposed within the annular structure and is electrically connected to the first side S1 and the second side S2. The second transmission layer 3 is disposed between the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302 and is electrically connected to both the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302. The LC resonant circuit (i.e., the first transmission layer 2 and the second transmission layer 3) of the present disclosure is now described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second oscillator OS2 in Example 1, Figure 7 for Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the top view of the second vibrator is shown. Figure 6-7 , where, because the orthographic projections of the first side S1 and the first branch structure 301 on the dielectric substrate 1 overlap, they can be equivalent to a first isolation capacitor. Similarly, because the orthographic projections of the second side S2 and the second branch structure 302 on the dielectric substrate 1 also overlap, they can also be equivalent to a second isolation capacitor. The two plates of the first isolation capacitor are electrically connected to the two plates of the second isolation capacitor, respectively, so that the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are connected in parallel.

[0056] Continue to refer to Figure 6-7The first transmission layer 2 includes a first transmission portion 211 disposed at the junction of the first side S1 and the second side S2, and a first transmission line 212 connected to the first transmission portion 211. The first transmission portion 211 is a block-shaped structure connected to both the first side S1 and the second side S2. The first transmission line 212 is an open-loop structure, with the opening of the open-loop structure facing the junction of the first side S1 and the second side S2. Specifically, the open-loop structure includes a first line segment, a second line segment, a third line segment, and a fourth line segment connected in sequence. The first line segment is connected to the first transmission portion 211, and the fourth line segment SS4 is connected to the second transmission layer 31 via a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. The number and width of the line segments in the open-loop structure can be designed as needed. Specifically, the open-loop structure can be equivalent to a first isolation inductor. By adjusting the shape and size of the open-loop structure, the size of the first isolation inductor can be changed. For example, the total length of the open-loop structure is 20 mm to 30 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0057] The second transmission layer 3 includes a second transmission line 311, a second transmission portion 312, and a third transmission line 313, which are connected in sequence. One end of the second transmission line 311 is connected to the junction of the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302, and the other end is connected to the second transmission portion 312. Preferably, to enhance the aesthetics and symmetry of the antenna, the straight line on which the second transmission line 311 lies coincides with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the first vertex (the angle between the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302) on the dielectric substrate 1. One end of the third transmission line 313 is connected to the second transmission portion 312, and the other end is connected to the fourth line segment SS4 in the open-loop structure through a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. The second transmission portion 312 is also a block-shaped structure and overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission portion 211 on the dielectric substrate 1. Therefore, the overlapping portion of the first transmission portion 211 and the second transmission portion 312 can be equivalent to a third isolation capacitor. Optionally, the orthographic projections of the first transmission portion 211 and the second transmission portion 312 on the dielectric substrate 1 may each comprise a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, or the like. The length of the second transmission line 311 is 2 mm to 4 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 1.5 mm. The radius of the second transmission portion 312 is 1 mm to 3.5 mm. The length of the third transmission line 313 is 2 mm to 4 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0058] The two plates of the third isolation capacitor are electrically connected to the two ends of the first isolation inductor, respectively. Therefore, the third isolation capacitor is connected in parallel with the first isolation inductor. In addition, the two plates of the third isolation capacitor are electrically connected to the two plates of the first isolation capacitor and the two plates of the second isolation capacitor, respectively. Therefore, the third isolation capacitor is also connected in parallel with the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor. In this way, the first isolation capacitor, the second isolation capacitor, the third isolation capacitor and the first isolation capacitor connected in parallel form an LC resonant circuit. When the electromagnetic field generated by the operation of the first oscillator OS1 excites the second oscillator OS2 to generate a low-frequency scattered current, the low-frequency scattered current will be cut off when passing through the LC resonant circuit and will not affect the normal operation of the second oscillator OS2.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the second oscillator OS2 in Example 2, Figure 9 for Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the top view of the second vibrator is shown. Figure 8-9 Similar to Example 1, the first side S1 and the first branch structure 301, as well as the second side S2 and the second branch structure 302 in Example 2, can also form a first isolation capacitor and a second isolation capacitor. Therefore, the detailed structures of the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are not described in Example 2.

[0061] Continue to refer to Figure 8-9 The first transmission layer 2 includes a first transmission line 213 and a second transmission line 214. The first transmission line 213 includes a first sub-transmission line and a second sub-transmission line that are interconnected and extend in different directions. The first sub-transmission line is connected to the first side S1, and the second sub-transmission line is connected to the second side S2. The first side S1, the second side S2, a portion of the first sub-transmission line, and a portion of the second sub-transmission line are connected to form a ring structure. The second transmission line 214 is an open-loop structure, and this open-loop structure is exactly the same as the structure of the first transmission line 213 in Example 1, and will not be repeated here. For example, the total length of the first transmission line 213 is 10 mm to 16 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0062] The second transmission layer 3 includes a third transmission line 314, one end of which is connected to the connection between the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302, and the other end is connected to the fourth line segment SS4 in the open-loop structure through a via penetrating the dielectric substrate 1. Among them, the third transmission line 314 includes a plurality of third sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and the extension directions of two adjacent third sub-transmission lines are different. Here, the first transmission line 213, the second transmission line 214 and the second transmission line 214 connected in series can be equivalent to the first isolation inductor. The two ends of the first isolation inductor are respectively connected to the two plates of the first isolation capacitor and the two plates of the second isolation capacitor, so the first isolation inductor, the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are connected in parallel. By adjusting the shape and size of the first transmission line 213, the second transmission line 214 and the third transmission line 314, the size of the first isolation inductor can be changed. Specifically, in the example provided in the present application Figure 8-9 In the example shown, the width of the third sub-transmission line is significantly widened at some locations, which can reduce the impedance of the transmission line and reduce signal loss.

[0063] In this way, the first isolation capacitor, the second isolation capacitor and the first isolation inductor connected in parallel form an LC resonant circuit. When the electromagnetic field generated by the first oscillator OS1 excites the second oscillator OS2 to generate a low-frequency scattered current, the low-frequency scattered current will be cut off when passing through the LC resonant circuit and will not affect the normal operation of the second oscillator OS2.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second oscillator OS2 in Example 3, Figure 11 for Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the top view of the second vibrator is shown. Figure 10-11 Similar to Example 1, the first side S1 and the first branch structure 301, as well as the second side S2 and the second branch structure 302, can also form a first isolation capacitor and a second isolation capacitor. Therefore, the detailed structures of the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are not described in this embodiment.

[0066] Continue to refer to Figure 10-11The first transmission layer 2 includes a first transmission line 215 and a second transmission line 216, both of which are L-shaped structures. Furthermore, to enhance the aesthetics and symmetry of the antenna, two L-shaped structures are arranged axially symmetrically, with the axis of symmetry being the orthographic projection of the second vertex formed by the first side S1 and the second side S2 onto the dielectric substrate 1. One end of the L-shaped structure constituting the first transmission line 215 is connected to the first side S1, and the other end is electrically connected to the second transmission layer 3 via a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. One end of the L-shaped structure constituting the second transmission line 216 is connected to the second side S2, and the other end is electrically connected to the second transmission layer 3 via a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. Exemplarily, the distance between the L-shaped structure and the center of the radiating layer 2 is 4 mm to 5 mm, the total length of the L-shaped structure is 10 mm to 20 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0067] The second transmission layer 3 includes a third transmission line 315 and a fourth transmission line 316. One end of the third transmission line 315 is connected to the first branch structure 301, and the other end is connected to the first transmission line 215 in an L-shaped structure through a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. One end of the fourth transmission line 316 is connected to the second branch structure 302, and the other end is connected to the second transmission line 216 in an L-shaped structure through a via extending through the dielectric substrate 1. In this way, the electrically connected first transmission line 215 and third transmission line 315 are equivalent to a first isolation inductor, with the two ends of the first isolation inductor being electrically connected to the two plates of the first isolation capacitor, respectively. Therefore, the first isolation inductor is connected in parallel with the first isolation capacitor. Similarly, the electrically connected second transmission line 216 and fourth transmission line 316 are equivalent to a second isolation inductor, with the two ends of the second isolation inductor being electrically connected to the two plates of the second isolation capacitor, respectively. Therefore, the second isolation inductor is connected in parallel with the second isolation capacitor.

[0068] In this way, the first isolation capacitor, the second isolation capacitor, the first isolation inductor and the second isolation inductor connected in parallel form an LC resonant circuit. When the electromagnetic field generated by the first oscillator OS1 excites the second oscillator OS2 to generate a low-frequency scattered current, the low-frequency scattered current will be cut off when passing through the LC resonant circuit and will not affect the normal operation of the second oscillator OS2.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the second oscillator OS2 in Example 4, Figure 13 for Figure 12 The schematic diagram of the top view of the second vibrator is shown. Figure 12-13Similar to Example 1, the first side S1 and the first branch structure 301, as well as the second side S2 and the second branch structure 302 in Example 4, can also form a first isolation capacitor and a second isolation capacitor. Therefore, the detailed structures of the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are not described in Example 4.

[0071] Continue to refer to Figure 12-13 The first transmission layer 2 includes a first transmission line 217, one end of which is connected to the first side S1 and the other end is connected to the second side S2. The first transmission line 217 includes a plurality of first sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and the extension directions of two adjacent first sub-transmission lines are different. Preferably, in order to increase the aesthetics and symmetry of the antenna, the first transmission line 217 is set to an axisymmetric pattern, and the axis of symmetry is the orthographic projection of the bisector of the second vertex on the dielectric substrate 1. For example, Figure 4 The illustrated first transmission line 217 comprises four sequentially connected first sub-transmission lines. The angle between any two adjacent first sub-transmission lines is 90°, forming a W-shaped structure. This W-shaped structure makes the first transmission line 217 equivalent to a first isolation inductor. For example, the total length of the first transmission line 217 is 8 mm to 15 mm, and the width is 1 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0072] The second transmission layer 3 includes a second transmission line 317, one end of which is connected to the connection between the first branch structure 301 and the second branch structure 302, and the other end is connected to the symmetrical center of the W-shaped structure through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate 1. In this way, the two ends of the first isolation inductor are respectively connected to the two plates of the first isolation capacitor and the two plates of the second isolation capacitor. Therefore, the first isolation inductor, the first isolation capacitor and the second isolation capacitor are connected in parallel, and the three are connected to form an LC resonant circuit. When the electromagnetic field generated by the operation of the first oscillator OS1 excites the second oscillator OS2 to generate a low-frequency scattered current, the low-frequency scattered current will be cut off when passing through the LC resonant circuit, and will not affect the normal operation of the second oscillator OS2. Exemplarily, the length of the second transmission line 317 is 5mm-20mm, and the width is 1mm-1.5mm.

[0073] In some examples, the second oscillator OS2 further includes a guide patch 4 disposed on the side of the coupling layer facing away from the dielectric substrate 1, and a support layer disposed between the coupling layer and the guide patch 4 for supporting the guide patch 4. The orthographic projection of the guide patch 4 on the dielectric substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the four radiating parts of the second oscillator OS2 on the dielectric substrate 1 at least partially overlap. The guide patch 4 can improve the gain of the second oscillator OS2 in a specific direction, enhance the directivity of the second oscillator OS2, and reduce the radiation of the second oscillator OS2 in unnecessary directions, thereby improving communication efficiency. In order to avoid interference of the guide patch 4 on the first oscillator OS1, the distance between the guide patch 4 of the second oscillator OS2 and the reflector 01 is set to be smaller than the distance between the radiating layer of the first oscillator OS1 and the reflector 01, such as Figure 1 As shown in the front view.

[0074] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a simulation diagram of the antenna. Figure 14 The isolation curve between the first vibrator and the four second vibrators when the second vibrator in Example 1 is used is provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 It can be seen that when the second vibrator provided with an LC resonant circuit provided in Example 1 of the present application is used, the frequency isolation between the second vibrator and the first vibrator is less than -20.48dB. Figure 15 The isolation curve between the first vibrator and the four second vibrators when the second vibrator in Example 2 is used is provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 15 It can be seen that when the second oscillator provided in Example 2 of the present application is provided with an LC resonant circuit, the frequency isolation between the second oscillator and the first oscillator is less than -23.8 dB. Therefore, the antenna provided by the present disclosure has strong anti-interference capabilities, low signal leakage, and high signal transmission efficiency.

[0075] The present disclosure also provides an antenna array comprising multiple antennas according to the aforementioned embodiments. Each antenna comprises a first oscillator and four second oscillators. The lines connecting the four second oscillators form a rectangle, with the first oscillator positioned at the intersection of two diagonals of the rectangle. For example, the rectangle is 170 mm long and 120 mm wide.

[0076] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the above-mentioned antenna array.

[0077] The antenna array also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and transmits signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the transparent antenna in the communication system receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0078] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna and transmit them back to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then transmit them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0079] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit, which is connected to at least one antenna. When the communication system transmits signals, the signal amplifier is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out noise, and then transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. When the communication system receives signals, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the signal received by the antenna and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0080] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0081] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0082] It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a first oscillator and at least one second oscillator; the operating frequency of the first oscillator is lower than the operating frequency of the second oscillator; the first oscillator and the second oscillator each comprise a first balun component and a second balun component arranged crosswise, and a radiating structure electrically connected to the first balun component and the second balun component; The radiation structure includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a coupling layer; the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface side and includes four radiation portions; the coupling layer is arranged on the second surface side and includes four coupling portions; one radiation portion is arranged corresponding to one coupling portion, and their orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate overlap; The second oscillator further includes a first transmission layer arranged on the first surface side, and a second transmission layer arranged on the second surface side, the first transmission layer is connected to the radiating portion, and the second transmission layer is connected to the coupling portion; the orthographic projections of the first transmission layer and the second transmission layer on the dielectric substrate at least partially overlap, and the two are electrically connected through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The radiating portion is an annular structure, comprising a first side and a second side connected to each other, and a third side connecting the first side and the second side; the coupling portion comprises a first branch structure and a second branch structure connected to each other; the first branch structure at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first side on the dielectric substrate; The second branch structure at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second side on the dielectric substrate; The first transmission layer is arranged in the annular structure and connected to the first side and the second side; the second transmission layer is arranged between the first branch structure and the second branch structure and connected to the first branch structure and the second branch structure.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first transmission layer includes a first transmission portion provided at the connection between the first side and the second side, and a first transmission line connected to the first transmission portion; the first transmission line is an open-loop structure, with an opening of the open-loop structure facing the connection between the first side and the second side; one end of the open-loop structure is connected to the first transmission portion; The second transmission layer includes a second transmission portion, a second transmission line, and a third transmission line; the second transmission portion and the first transmission portion have overlapping orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate; one end of the second transmission line is connected to the second transmission portion, and the other end is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the second transmission portion, and the other end is connected to the other end of the open-loop structure through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein The first branch structure and the second branch structure are connected to each other to form a first vertex angle; the straight line where the second transmission line is located coincides with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the first vertex angle on the dielectric substrate.

5. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein The orthographic projections of the first transmission portion and the second transmission portion on the dielectric substrate are either circular or rectangular. The antenna according to claim 2 , wherein: The first transmission layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line; the first transmission line includes a first sub-transmission line and a second sub-transmission line connected to each other, and the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line extend in different directions; the first sub-transmission line is connected to the first side, and the second sub-transmission line is connected to the second side; the second transmission line is an open-loop structure, and the opening of the open-loop structure faces the connection between the first side and the second side; one end of the open-loop structure is connected to the first sub-transmission line; The second transmission layer includes a third transmission line; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the other end of the open-loop structure through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate; the third transmission line includes a plurality of third sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and at least some of the third sub-transmission lines extend in different directions.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein At least some of the third sub-transmission lines have different widths.

8. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first side edge and the second side edge connected to each other form a second vertex angle; The first transmission layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line; the first transmission line and the second transmission line are both L-shaped structures, and the two L-shaped structures are symmetrically arranged with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the second vertex on the dielectric substrate as the symmetry axis; the first end of the first transmission line is connected to the first side edge, and the first end of the second transmission line is connected to the second side edge; The second transmission layer includes a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line; one end of the third transmission line is connected to the first branch structure, and the other end is connected to the second end of the first transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate; one end of the fourth transmission line is connected to the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the second end of the second transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate.

9. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first side edge and the second side edge connected to each other form a second vertex angle; The first transmission layer includes a first transmission line, one end of the first transmission line is connected to the first side, and the other end is connected to the second side; the first transmission line includes a plurality of first sub-transmission lines connected in sequence, and adjacent first sub-transmission lines extend in different directions; the first transmission lines are symmetrically arranged with the orthographic projection of the angle bisector of the second vertex on the substrate as the symmetry axis; The second transmission layer includes a second transmission line; one end of the second transmission line is connected to the connection between the first branch structure and the second branch structure, and the other end is connected to the symmetrical center of the first transmission line through a via hole penetrating the dielectric substrate. 10 . The antenna according to claim 2 , wherein a width of the first branch structure is greater than a width of the first side, and a width of the second branch structure is greater than a width of the second side.

11. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The first side and the second side connected to each other define a second angle; the third side includes a plurality of sub-sides connected in sequence, and the angle between two adjacent sub-sides is α, 90°≤α<180°; wherein two adjacent sub-sides define a third angle arranged opposite to the second angle; For the four radiating portions in the radiating layer, the second vertex angles of the two radiating portions connected to the first balun component are opposite to each other, and the second vertex angles of the two radiating portions connected to the second balun component are opposite to each other.

12. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The second oscillator further includes a guide patch arranged on a side of the coupling layer away from the dielectric substrate, and a support layer arranged between the coupling layer and the guide patch; the guide patch is configured to adjust the gain of the second oscillator.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein The antenna further includes a reflector; the first balun component and the second balun component of the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both mounted on the reflector; The distance between the guiding patch of the second oscillator and the reflecting plate is smaller than the distance between the radiation layer of the first oscillator and the reflecting plate.

14. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein The orthographic projection of the guide patch on the dielectric substrate overlaps with the orthographic projections of the four radiating portions on the dielectric substrate.

15. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein There are four second vibrators; a line connecting the four second vibrators forms a rectangle, and the first vibrator is located at the intersection of two diagonal lines of the rectangle.

16. An antenna array, comprising a plurality of antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein each of the antennas shares one reflector.

Images