Organic ecological planting method for apples

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic ecological planting method for apples, and particularly relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and the method comprises the following specific planting steps: S1, soil foundation improvement; s2, annual fertilizer management; s3, flower and fruit management; s4, ecological prevention and control of diseases and pests; and S5, harvesting management. According to the method, through soil foundation improvement, annual fertilizer management, flower and fruit management, ecological pest control and harvesting management, no chemical fertilizer or pesticide is input, five purposes are achieved, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that soil is healthy, tree bodies are robust and fruits are high in quality; according to the method, microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizers are mainly adopted to replace chemical fertilizers, biological prevention and control are adopted to replace chemical pesticides, precise farming operation is combined, apple planting achieves zero pesticide residue, high quality and high yield, the method is suitable for high-end organic ecological apple production, the purposes of high yield, high quality, safety and high efficiency of apple planting are achieved, and the method has wide application and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and more particularly to an organic ecological planting method for apples. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards and the strengthening of health awareness, consumers have higher and higher requirements for fruit quality, not only paying attention to appearance and taste, but also paying more attention to safety and nutritional value. Currently, the following problems are common in apple cultivation:

[0003] Excessive use of chemical inputs: Long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers leads to soil compaction, acidification, salinization, and imbalance of microbial communities; the extensive use of chemical pesticides causes excessive pesticide residues, which harms human health.

[0004] Severe soil degradation: Continuous tillage has resulted in soil organic matter content generally below 1%, far below the 3% standard for high-quality orchards, and the soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0005] Increased resistance of pests and diseases to pesticides: Long-term use of similar chemical pesticides causes pests and diseases to develop resistance, and the effectiveness of prevention and control decreases year by year.

[0006] Fruit quality declines: Apples grown with large amounts of chemical fertilizers and artificially ripened are large in size but have poor taste, bland flavor, and low nutritional value.

[0007] The existing organic ecological planting technology has the following shortcomings:

[0008] When simple organic fertilizers replace chemical fertilizers, soil activity is poor and fertilizer utilization is low, resulting in weak tree vigor and low yields;

[0009] Biological control is not systematic and targeted, resulting in unstable results;

[0010] The lack of a systematic year-round management plan makes it difficult to achieve high quality, high yield and no pesticide residues at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the implementation of the present invention provides an organic ecological planting method for apples. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to achieve the goal of "high yield, high quality, safety and high efficiency" in apple planting.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an organic ecological planting method for apples, wherein the specific planting steps are as follows:

[0013] S1. Soil improvement: Before planting, conduct soil testing. Based on the test results, apply 3-5 tons / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 80-100 kg / mu of soil remediation bacteria, and 80-100 kg / mu of mineral conditioner. Deep plow 30-40 cm. The specific steps are as follows:

[0014] S1.1. Soil testing and planning:

[0015] S1.1.1: Conduct a comprehensive soil test before planting, including: organic matter content, pH value, microbial community structure, and 17 other essential mineral contents;

[0016] S1.1.2: Develop a personalized soil improvement plan based on the test results;

[0017] S1.2. Initial improvement measures:

[0018] Apply 3-5 tons of decomposed cattle and sheep manure per mu;

[0019] Add 100kg of soil remediation bacteria (including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, etc., with an effective live bacteria count of ≥ 2 billion / g);

[0020] Apply 80kg of mineral conditioner (containing silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium and trace elements);

[0021] Deepen the soil by 30-40 cm to thoroughly mix the improved material with the soil;

[0022] S2. Annual fertilizer management: Use the "basal fertilizer + drip irrigation topdressing" method, and apply fertilizer 7-8 times a year, including early spring root promotion fertilizer, flowering promotion fertilizer, fruit expansion fertilizer, quality improvement fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer;

[0023] S3. Flower and fruit management: including measures to protect flowers and fruits, frost prevention, and flower and fruit thinning;

[0024] S4. Ecological pest and disease control: Adopt a strategy of "prevention first, biological control as the core", including cleaning the garden to prevent diseases and spraying microbial agents during the growing season. The microbial agent combination is as follows:

[0025] Root and leaf protection agent: contains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with a total effective live bacteria count of ≥ 2 billion / g;

[0026] Trichoderma harzianum complex: spore content ≥ 5 billion / g;

[0027] Bacillus velezinis: strain number ACCC03124, viable cell count ≥ 10 billion / g;

[0028] S5. Harvest management: Harvest when the soluble solid content is ≥14%, pick and place gently with bags, and avoid

[0029] Mechanical damage, use soft containers with bags for transportation or storage, and pre-cool in cold storage within 12 hours after harvesting. The harvesting standards are:

[0030] Soluble solids content ≥14%;

[0031] Fruit hardness 6-8kg / cm²;

[0032] The harvest period is October 10-20.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the soil remediation bacterial agent used in step S1 comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable bacterial count is ≥ 2 billion / g.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the specific fertilization plan for annual fertilizer management in step S2 includes:

[0035] S2.1. Apply early spring root-promoting fertilizer in late February to early March: drip-apply 5 kg of mycorrhizal agent (containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, spore count ≥ 86 / g) + 10 kg of potassium humate (humic acid content ≥ 22%) per mu, twice, 15 days apart.

[0036] S2.2. Fertilize to promote flowering in late March and early April: apply 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg of chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (containing 200 million / g of compound bacteria) + 1kg of multi-bacteria boron + 1kg of multi-bacteria zinc per mu;

[0037] S2.3. From mid-May to late July, apply fertilizer for fruit enlargement: drip application of 5kg balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (containing 200 million bacteria / g) + 2kg multi-calcium per mu, twice, with an interval of 15-20 days;

[0038] S2.4. Apply quality-enhancing fertilizer from early August to mid-September: drip-apply 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 10kg of polyglutamic acid herbal nutrient solution per mu, twice, with an interval of 15-20 days.

[0039] S2.5. In late September, apply autumn base fertilizer: apply 500-1000kg of biological organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥45%, effective live bacteria ≥200 million / g) + 80kg of soil remediation agent + 80kg of soil conditioner per mu of furrow.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the flower and fruit protection measures in step S3 include:

[0041] S3.1. Spraying at the early flowering stage: 50g / mu of fungicide (1200 times diluted) + 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide (300 times diluted) + 100g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide solution (600 times diluted);

[0042] S3.2. Spray during the flowering period: Boron+root and leaf fungicide 300g / mu (200 times diluted)+chitosan oligosaccharide solution 200g / mu (300 times diluted).

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the frost prevention measures in step S3 include:

[0044] S3.1. Delayed germination: drip irrigation at 3 tons / mu during the germination period;

[0045] S3.2, Nutritional protection: 3 days before frost, spray 200g root and leaf fungicide + 200g chitosan oligosaccharide per mu;

[0046] S3.3. Orchard fumigation: Set up 5-6 smoke piles per acre and light them at 1:00 am.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the flower and fruit thinning method in step S3 includes:

[0048] S3.1, during the inflorescence separation period, leave inflorescences at a spacing of 20-25 cm;

[0049] S3.2, keep one central flower in each inflorescence during the peak flowering period;

[0050] S3.3. When setting the fruits, keep the fruits on the secondary branches, strong branches and both sides of the fruiting platform.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the ecological control of pests and diseases in step S4 includes:

[0052] S4.1. Clean the garden to prevent disease: Clean weeds, fallen leaves, and branches in the garden after the spring thaw and autumn leaf fall. Spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture in early to mid-March and 2 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture before bud break. Spray old bark exfoliation liquid (original solution or 5-10 times diluted) on tree trunks with diseased scars.

[0053] S4.2. Prevention and control during the growth period:

[0054] During the young fruit stage, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide and 200g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide. Add biological insecticides according to the pests. Biological insecticides include:

[0055] Biological Pest Control No. 2: Bacillus thuringiensis + Beauveria bassiana, effective spores 20 billion / g, used to control aphids, red spiders, etc.

[0056] Biological Pest Control No. 3: Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus + Metarhizium anisopliae, used to control lepidopteran pests;

[0057] Biological insect control No. 4: Paecilomyces fumosorum + 300 mesh diatomaceous earth, used to control thrips;

[0058] During the fruit expansion period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 1000g / mu of Trichoderma harzianum;

[0059] During the color change period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 50g / mu of mineral potassium humate.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the planting method ultimately achieves:

[0061] Soil organic matter increased by more than 0.2% annually;

[0062] The microbial content is more than 300 million / g;

[0063] The fruit contains zero pesticide residues and 14-16% soluble solids;

[0064] The yield is 3500-4000kg / mu, and the high-quality fruit rate is ≥85%.

[0065] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0066] The present invention achieves "five no-uses", namely "no chemical fertilizers, no chemical herbicides, no chemical insecticides, no chemical fungicides, and no plant hormones" through soil foundation improvement, year-round fertilizer management, flower and fruit management, ecological pest and disease control, and harvest management, without any chemical fertilizer and pesticide input, while ensuring soil health, tree health, and high fruit quality. The method mainly uses microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers, and biological control to replace chemical pesticides, combined with precise farming operations, so that apple planting can achieve "zero pesticide residue, high quality, and high yield", is suitable for high-end organic ecological apple production, and achieves the "high yield, high quality, safety, and high efficiency" goals of apple planting, with broad prospects for promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Example 1:

[0069] The present invention provides an organic ecological planting method for apples, and the specific planting steps are as follows:

[0070] S1. Soil Improvement: Conduct soil testing before planting. Based on the test results, apply 3-5 tons / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 80-100 kg / mu of soil remediation agents (including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with an effective viable count of ≥ 2 billion / g), and 80-100 kg / mu of mineral conditioners. Deep plowing should be carried out to a depth of 30-40 cm. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] S1.1. Soil testing and planning:

[0072] S1.11: Conduct a comprehensive soil test before planting, including: organic matter content, pH value, microbial community structure, and 17 other essential mineral contents;

[0073] S1.12: Develop a personalized soil improvement plan based on the test results;

[0074] S1.2. Initial improvement measures:

[0075] Apply 3-5 tons of decomposed cattle and sheep manure per mu;

[0076] Add 100kg of soil remediation bacteria (including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, etc., with an effective live bacteria count of ≥ 2 billion / g);

[0077] Apply 80kg of mineral conditioner (containing silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium and trace elements);

[0078] Deepen the soil by 30-40 cm to thoroughly mix the improved material with the soil;

[0079] S2. Annual fertilizer management: Using the "basal fertilizer + drip irrigation topdressing" method, fertilize 7-8 times a year, including early spring root promotion fertilizer, flowering fertilizer, fruit expansion fertilizer, quality improvement fertilizer and autumn base fertilizer. The specific fertilization plan for annual fertilizer management includes:

[0080] S2.1. Apply early spring root-promoting fertilizer in late February to early March: drip-apply 5 kg of mycorrhizal agent (containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, spore count ≥ 86 / g) + 10 kg of potassium humate (humic acid content ≥ 22%) per mu, twice, 15 days apart.

[0081] S2.2. Fertilize to promote flowering in late March and early April: apply 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg of chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (containing 200 million / g of compound bacteria) + 1kg of multi-bacteria boron + 1kg of multi-bacteria zinc per mu;

[0082] S2.3. From mid-May to late July, apply fertilizer for fruit enlargement: drip application of 5kg balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (containing 200 million bacteria / g) + 2kg multi-calcium per mu, twice, with an interval of 15-20 days;

[0083] S2.4. Apply quality-enhancing fertilizer from early August to mid-September: drip-apply 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 10kg of polyglutamic acid herbal nutrient solution per mu, twice, with an interval of 15-20 days.

[0084] S2.5. In late September, apply autumn basal fertilizer: apply 500-1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥45%, effective viable bacteria ≥200 million / g) + 80kg of soil remediation agent + 80kg of soil conditioner per acre;

[0085] S3. Flower and fruit management: including measures to protect flowers and fruits, frost prevention, and flower and fruit thinning;

[0086] S3.1. Measures to protect flowers and fruits include:

[0087] S3.1.1. Spraying during the early flowering period: 50g / mu of fungicide (1200-fold dilution) + 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide (300-fold dilution) + 100g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide solution (600-fold dilution);

[0088] S3.1.2. Spray during the flowering period: Boron+root and leaf fungicide 300g / mu (200-fold dilution)+chitosan oligosaccharide solution 200g / mu (300-fold dilution);

[0089] S3.2 Frost prevention measures include:

[0090] S3.2.1. Delayed germination: drip irrigation at 3 tons / mu during the germination period;

[0091] S3.2.2, Nutritional protection: 3 days before frost, spray 200g root and leaf fungicide + 200g chitosan oligosaccharide per mu;

[0092] S3.2.3. Orchard fumigation: Set up 5-6 smoke piles per acre and light them at 1:00 a.m.;

[0093] S3.3. Flower and fruit thinning methods include:

[0094] S3.3.1. Leave inflorescences at 20-25 cm intervals during inflorescence separation;

[0095] S3.3.2. During the peak flowering period, keep one central flower in each inflorescence;

[0096] S3.3.3. When setting the fruit, keep the secondary shoot fruits, strong branch fruits, and fruits on both sides of the fruiting platform;

[0097] S4. Ecological pest and disease control: Adopt a strategy of "prevention first, biological control as the core", including cleaning the garden to prevent diseases and spraying microbial agents during the growing season. The microbial agent combination is as follows:

[0098] Root and leaf protection agent: contains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with a total effective live bacteria count of ≥ 2 billion / g;

[0099] Trichoderma harzianum complex: spore content ≥ 5 billion / g;

[0100] Bacillus velezinis: strain number ACCC03124, viable cell count ≥ 10 billion / g;

[0101] Ecological pest control includes:

[0102] S4.1. Clean the garden to prevent disease: Clean weeds, fallen leaves, and branches in the garden after the spring thaw and autumn leaf fall. Spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture in early to mid-March and 2 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture before bud break. Spray old bark exfoliation liquid (original solution or 5-10 times diluted) on tree trunks with diseased scars.

[0103] S4.2. Prevention and control during the growth period:

[0104] During the young fruit stage, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide and 200g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide. Add biological insecticides according to the pests. Biological insecticides include:

[0105] Biological Pest Control No. 2: Bacillus thuringiensis + Beauveria bassiana, effective spores 20 billion / g, used to control aphids, red spiders, etc.

[0106] Biological Pest Control No. 3: Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus + Metarhizium anisopliae, used to control lepidopteran pests;

[0107] Biological insect control No. 4: Paecilomyces fumosorum + 300 mesh diatomaceous earth, used to control thrips;

[0108] During the fruit expansion period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 1000g / mu of Trichoderma harzianum;

[0109] During the color change period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 50g / mu of mineral potassium fulvic acid;

[0110] S5. Harvesting management: Harvest when the soluble solids content is ≥14%. Pick and place with care in bags to avoid mechanical damage. Use soft containers for transportation or storage. Pre-cool in cold storage within 12 hours after harvesting. Harvesting standards are:

[0111] Soluble solids content ≥14%;

[0112] Fruit hardness 6-8kg / cm²;

[0113] The harvest period is October 10-20;

[0114] To meet the current high-end consumer demand for "ecological, safe, nutritious, and healthy" fruits, Sanguan Fruit and Vegetable Farm uses the "microbial ecological cultivation method" to produce high-quality, delicious, pesticide-free organic apples. Based on the current management status and the requirements of microbial ecological cultivation, we now propose a year-round management method for apples using the "microbial ecological cultivation method."

[0115] Specifically in this embodiment, Shandong Yantai Fuji apple planting base overview:

[0116] Location: Qixia City, Yantai City, Shandong Province

[0117] Area: 50 mu

[0118] Variety: Red Fuji

[0119] Age: 8 years old

[0120] Soil conditions: brown loam, initial organic matter 1.2%, pH 6.0

[0121] Implementation process:

[0122] 1. Soil improvement (October 2019): Apply 4 tons of decomposed sheep manure per mu; 100 kg of soil remediation agent (including Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens); 80 kg of mineral conditioner; deep plowing 35 cm;

[0123] 2.2020 Anniversary Management:

[0124] With bacterial fertilizer and bacterial agent as the main fertilizer, a combination of furrow application and drip irrigation is adopted. Nutritional balanced fertilization is carried out according to the growth and development characteristics of apples. Organic bacterial fertilizer is applied heavily, and soil remediation bacterial agent and soil conditioner are applied to achieve nutritional balance for fruit tree growth, improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce fertilizer usage and production cost.

[0125] To improve the yield, quality and benefits of fruits, the plan is to apply fertilizer 7-8 times a year, including 1 time of furrow application and 6-7 times of drip application.

[0126] (1) In late February and early March, apply 5 kg of 86 Mycorrhiza Duowang plus 10 kg of 22% potassium humate containing 500 million / g per mu. Depending on the dryness and wetness of the soil and weather conditions, combined with spring watering, apply 1-2 times (with an interval of about 15 days between the two times) to nourish and strengthen the roots, promote root growth, inhibit pathogens, supplement the nutrition of the fruit trees, and quickly restore the tree vigor.

[0127] (2) In late March and early April, apply 5 kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer (10-30-10 + TE) + 5 kg of 200 million chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 1 kg of multi-boron + 1 kg of multi-zinc per mu to promote flower bud formation and increase fruit setting rate;

[0128] (3) From mid-May to late July, 5 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20 + TE) + 5 kg of chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (7-3-5 NPK, 200 million microbial agents, containing chelated trace elements) + 5 kg of multi-calcium fertilizer per mu.

[0129] 2 kg, 2 times in a row, with an interval of 15-20 days in between, to promote fruit expansion;

[0130] (4) From early August to mid-September, apply 5 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15-5-30+TE) and 10 kg of polyglutamic acid herbal nutrient solution per mu, twice in a row, with an interval of 15-20 days in between, to promote fruit growth and fruit color change, and improve fruit quality;

[0131] (5) In late September, apply 500-1000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 80 kg of soil remediation agent, and 80 kg of soil conditioner per acre to lay the foundation for high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency fruit trees next year;

[0132] 3. Preserve flowers and fruits

[0133] (1) Spraying fertilizer

[0134] ① During the early flowering period (around late March), spray once with 50g per mu of 1200 times multi-boron + 300 times root and leaf fungicide (200g per mu) + 600 times chitosan solution (100g per mu) to prevent late spring cold and protect flowers and fruits;

[0135] ② During the flowering period (early to mid-April), spray once with a mixture of multi-boron fertilizer + 200 times diluted root and leaf fungicide (300g per mu) + 300 times diluted chitosan oligosaccharide solution (200g per mu) + Fruit Setting No. 1 to prevent freezing and protect flowers and fruits;

[0136] (2) Prevent frost

[0137] ① Delay germination: water the fruit trees once during their budding period, with a dripping rate of more than 3 tons per mu, to delay the flowering period;

[0138] ②Spray nutrient solution; first, three days before the arrival of frost, apply 200 times the concentration of root and leaf fungicide + 300 times the concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide solution, 200 grams per mu, to enhance the cold resistance of fruit trees, promote the growth of flowers (buds), and prevent frost to protect flowers and fruits;

[0139] ③ Orchard fumigation: Fuming the orchard increases the temperature by releasing smoke, preventing frost. A temperature of -20°C or higher is effective. First, create smoke piles, layering flammable straw and weeds with moist fallen leaves, grass roots, and sawdust. Cover with soil and insert wooden sticks in the middle to facilitate ignition and smoke production. Smoke piles are distributed around and within the orchard, no higher than 1 meter. Five to six piles are required per acre. Then, based on weather forecasts, they are ignited around 1:00 a.m. before frost arrives.

[0140] ④ Artificial pollination: If flowers and fruits are damaged by frost, liquid pollination is used. To prepare a pollen suspension, add 2 grams of pollen, 100 grams of sugar, and 4 grams of borax to 1 kilogram of water. Spray the pollen evenly on the stigma of the flowers to increase the fruit setting rate. If the flowers and fruits are not affected by frost, this method can be omitted.

[0141] When thinning flowers and fruits, leave one inflorescence every 20-25 cm during the inflorescence separation period, and remove all other inflorescences. However, you can leave a denser distribution of full-bodied flower buds with good quality, and remove all thin and shriveled flower buds with poor quality, with an average of 20-25 cm. When 75% of the flowers are open, keep one central flower in each inflorescence, and remove all other side flowers. Flower buds formed within 30 cm of the top of fruiting branches above 1 meter tend to bend and droop after fruit setting, and the grown fruits are small, so the long inflorescences cannot be selected. Inflorescences within 20 cm of the base of the branches have small branches and leaves, poor light, and small fruits, and should also be thinned out. When thinning inflorescences, you should keep the rosette leaves and fruit platforms below them so that these fruit platforms can fully accumulate nutrients and form better flower buds in the same year. For insurance purposes, in addition to keeping the central flower, you can also keep one well-grown side flower, and only keep one fruit when setting the fruit. To ensure fruit set, increase the flower retention insurance factor by 10-20% based on tree vigor, flower bud quality, management level, and variety characteristics. When thinning fruit, retain fruit on secondary branches, strong branches, both sides, and upright, high-stalked fruit. Remove short-stalked fruit, deformed fruit, fruit at the base and front of branches, fruit with diseases and insects, and fruit from axillary flower buds.

[0142] 4. Pest and disease control

[0143] Pest and disease control is an important measure to improve fruit yield and quality.

[0144] The principle of combining the two is to focus on pest and disease control during the critical period to ensure that pests and diseases are effectively controlled;

[0145] (1) Pick up pruned branches and clean leaves and weeds. After the garden thaws in spring and leaves fall in autumn and winter pruning, pick up weeds, leaves and pruned branches between fruit trees and transport them out of the garden;

[0146] (2) Spray lime sulfur mixture and spray (apply) old bark exfoliation liquid on the trunk to prevent and control diseases. Venus Golden Apple trees are malnourished and the tree is very easy to weaken and easily develop dry rot and rot, which has a great impact on the normal growth of fruit trees. Therefore, when the temperature rises to 14℃ in early and mid-March, spray the garden with 5-degree lime sulfur mixture, and spray 2-degree lime sulfur mixture again when the buds are about to sprout. Secondly, apply the trunk of fruit trees with more serious diseases. The specific method is: fill the old bark exfoliation liquid into the spray bottle and spray (mist) on the diseased scars. You can apply it directly with the original liquid or dilute it with 5-10 times of water. The spraying height depends on the height of the trunk. If the disease is serious, spray 2-3 times. Thirdly, for fruit trees with 1-2 diseased scars, spray the medicine on the diseased scars. Spray the old bark exfoliation liquid all around the trunk of several consecutive diseased scars, especially the middle and lower parts of the trunk and the southeast and southwest sides. Check carefully and don't miss a single diseased scar.

[0147] (3) Rotary tillage of the garden to prevent weeds; Rotary tillage of the garden before mid-March in spring and before the garden freezes in autumn to mature the soil, kill weeds, prevent diseases and insects;

[0148] Spraying microbial agents

[0149] (1) Clean the orchard before bud break. After spraying lime sulfur, spray the entire orchard twice with old bark exfoliation liquid at 200 times the concentration, 300 grams per mu each time, to prevent and control various overwintering pests and diseases, mainly rot and early leaf fall, to enhance tree vigor and prevent frost damage.

[0150] (2) Spray once at the early flowering stage with 50g per mu of 1200 times of fungicide polyboron + 300 times of root and leaf fungicide (200g per mu) + 600 times of chitosan oligosaccharide solution (100g per mu) to prevent late spring cold and protect flowers and fruits;

[0151] (3) During the flowering period, spray once with a mixture of multi-boron fertilizer + 200 times liquid root and leaf protection agent (300g per mu) + 300 times chitosan oligosaccharide solution (200g per mu) to prevent freezing and protect flowers and fruits. Repeat twice with an interval of 10-15 days.

[0152] (4) During the young fruit stage, spray a mixture of 300 times 200g of root and leaf fungicide and 300 times 200g of chitosan oligosaccharide solution per mu each time to prevent and control early diseases. According to the occurrence of insect pests, increase the amount of biological insect control by 2

[0153] No. 1 (for controlling aphids, red spiders, white spiders, mites, and whiteflies), or Beauveria thuringiensis + 300-mesh diatomaceous earth, Biological Pest Control No. 3 (for controlling lepidopteran pests such as caterpillars, diamondback moths, beet armyworms, and striped stem borers), Biological Pest Control No. 4 (for controlling thrips);

[0154] (5) During the young fruit expansion period (mid-May to late June), spray 200 g of root and leaf protection agent per mu each time, spray once every 15 days, and spray twice;

[0155] (6) During the fruit expansion period (late June to late August), when the rainy season arrives, spray a mixture of 200 grams of root and leaf protection agent and 1000 grams of 60 times the concentration of Trichoderma harzianum per mu each time; if leaf diseases occur, add Bacillus Velezii, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray about 5 times;

[0156] (7) During the fruit expansion period (early September to early October), spray 200g of root and leaf protection agent at 300 times the concentration + 50g of mineral potassium humate at 1200 times the concentration per mu each time, spray twice to prevent fruit drop, promote color change, and improve fruit quality; according to the occurrence of insect pests, add the following biological insecticides at the same time as the above disease prevention:

[0157] Biological Pest Control No. 2 (controls aphids, red spiders, white spiders, mites, and whiteflies), Biological Pest Control No. 3 (can combat lepidopteran pests such as caterpillars, diamondback moths, beet armyworms, and striped stem borers), and Biological Pest Control No. 4 (controls thrips);

[0158] 5. Harvesting and testing (October 15, 2020): Randomly sample 20kg for testing

[0159] Test results:

[0160] Pesticide residues: Not detected (GB 2763-2019 standard);

[0161] Soluble solids: 15.2%;

[0162] Single fruit weight: 250-300g;

[0163] High-quality fruit rate: 88%;

[0164] index The present invention Conventional planting Yield (kg / mu 3850 3950 High-quality fruit rate (%) 88 65 Sugar content(%) 15.2 13.1

[0165] Soil organic matter (%) 1.8 1.1 Production cost (yuan / mu) 6200 5800 Sales price (yuan / kg) 16 6

[0166] Example 2:

[0167] Specifically in this embodiment, the Fuji apple planting base in Luochuan, Shaanxi Province is as follows: Location: Luochuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

[0168] Area: 30 mu

[0169] Variety: Red Fuji

[0170] Age: 6 years old

[0171] Soil Improvement (March 2020):

[0172] Apply 5 tons of decomposed cow dung per mu and 120kg of soil remediation agent

[0173] 100kg acidic conditioner (to adjust pH) Deep plowing 30cm

[0174] 2021 Anniversary Management: Harvesting and Testing According to the Invention (October 18, 2021):

[0175] Test results:

[0176] Pesticide residues: Not detected

[0177] Soluble solids: 14.8%

[0178] Single fruit weight: 230-280g

[0179] High-quality fruit rate: 85%;

[0180] index The present invention Conventional planting Yield (kg / mu 3650 3750 High-quality fruit rate (%) 85 60

[0181] Sugar content(%) 14.8 12.5 Soil organic matter (%) 1.3 0.9

[0182] Example 3:

[0183] Specifically in this embodiment, Xinjiang Aksu Bingtangxin apple planting base overview:

[0184] Location: Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang

[0185] Area: 20 mu

[0186] Variety: Fuji

[0187] Age: 5 years old

[0188] Soil conditions: sandy loam, initial organic matter 0.6%, pH 8.0

[0189] Implementation process:

[0190] Soil Improvement (April 2021):

[0191] Apply 6 tons of decomposed sheep manure per mu and 150kg of soil remediation agent

[0192] Acidic conditioner 120kg

[0193] Add 200kg of zeolite powder to improve sandy soil

[0194] Annual management in 2022: Implement the method of the present invention and increase the number of drip irrigation times (Xinjiang has a dry climate) Harvest and testing (October 20, 2022):

[0195] Test results:

[0196] Rock sugar heart formation rate: 92%

[0197] Soluble solids: 16.5%

[0198] Pesticide residues: Not detected

[0199] Special effects:

[0200] The rock sugar core formation rate increased to 92% (conventional 70-80%) and the fruit aroma content increased by 40%.

[0201] Storage period extended by more than 30 days

[0202] Comparative experiment

[0203] In order to verify the superiority of the present invention, a comparative experiment was designed:

[0204] Experimental design

[0205] Experimental group: using the method of the present invention

[0206] Control group: conventional organic farming methods (organic fertilizer + limited use of biopesticides)

[0207] Conventional group: chemical planting method (chemical fertilizer + chemical pesticide)

[0208] Each group has 3 replicates, each with an area of 5 mu, all varieties are Red Fuji, and the trees are 7 years old; Experimental results

[0209] Comparison of the effects of three planting methods

[0210] index The present invention Conventional planting General Chemistry Yield (kg / mu 3800 3200 4000 High-quality fruit rate (%) 86 70 65 Soluble solids (%) 15.3 13.5 12.8 Pesticide residue detection none none 3 types detected Annual growth of soil organic matter (%) +0.4 +0.2 -0.1 Microbial content (billion / g) 3.5 1.2 0.3 Production cost (yuan / mu) 6500 6000 5500 Sales price (yuan / kg) 15 10 5 Net profit (yuan / mu) 50500 26000 14500

[0211] As shown in the table above, the yield of this method is 18.7% higher than that of conventional organic methods, reaching 95% of that of chemical farming. Furthermore, the high-quality fruit rate and sugar content are significantly higher than those of the two control groups. The method is completely free of pesticide residues, meeting organic standards. The organic matter and microbial content have increased significantly, and the net profit is 3.5 times that of chemical farming.

[0212] Respect the existing management methods of apples, optimize and improve measures, use biological organic fertilizers and mineral elements to completely replace chemical fertilizers in fertilization management, and use "bacteria to inhibit bacteria and bacteria to control insects" biological methods in pest control management.

[0213] The control completely replaces chemical pesticide control; Sanguan Fruit and Vegetable Farm's year-round production management completely achieves the "five no's" of no chemical synthetic inputs, namely no chemical fertilizers, no chemical herbicides, no chemical synthetic insecticides, fungicides and plant hormones, so as to achieve the goal of healthy orchard soil and strong trees, build a benign ecological cycle environment system for orchards, and meet the needs of the general public for leisure picking, safe tasting and healthy consumption; based on "one good" (good soil microecological environment), "two increases" (increase in quality and efficiency), "three no's" (no extra money, no extra labor, no reduction in output) and "four resistances" (resistance to cold and heat, drought and flood, premature aging and pathogens).

[0214] The basic principles are: first, use microbial agents to repair, condition and improve the soil and fertilize the soil; second, use microorganisms to balance the tree nutrition and cultivate strong plants during the annual management of fruit trees; then adopt "using bacteria to inhibit bacteria and using bacteria to control insects" disease and pest prevention and control measures, promote ecological pesticide-free planting in orchards, achieve the "zero pesticide residue" quality standard, and finally achieve a win-win goal of ecology and benefits.

[0215] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic ecological planting method for apples, characterized by: The method specifically includes: S1. Soil improvement: Conduct soil testing before planting. Apply 3-5 tons / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 80-100kg / mu of soil remediation bacteria, and 80-100kg / mu of mineral conditioner based on the test results, and deep plow 30-40cm. S2. Annual Fertilizer Management: Use a "basal fertilization + drip irrigation topdressing" method, applying fertilizer 7-8 times a year, including early spring root growth fertilizer, flowering fertilizer, fruit enlargement fertilizer, quality improvement fertilizer, and autumn basal fertilizer. S3. Flower and fruit management: including measures to protect flowers and fruits, frost prevention, and flower and fruit thinning; S4. Ecological pest and disease control: Adopt a strategy of "prevention first, with biological control as the core," including cleaning the garden to prevent diseases and spraying microbial agents during the growing season; S5. Harvesting management: Harvest when the soluble solids content is ≥14%, pick and place with care, and transport or store in bags.

2. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil remediation bacterial agent used in step S1 comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable bacterial count is ≥ 2 billion / g.

3. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific fertilization plan for annual fertilizer management in step S2 includes: S2.

1. Apply early spring root-promoting fertilizer in late February to early March: drip-apply 5 kg of mycorrhizal agent + 10 kg of potassium humate per mu, twice, 15 days apart. S2.

2. Fertilize to promote flowering in late March and early April: apply 5kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg of chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 1kg of multi-boron + 1kg of multi-zinc per mu; S2.

3. From mid-May to late July, apply fertilizer for fruit enlargement: drip-dip 5kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer + 5kg of chelated complete nutrient water-soluble fertilizer + 2kg of multi-calcium per mu, twice, with an interval of 15-20 days; S2.

4. Apply quality-enhancing fertilizer from early August to mid-September: drip-apply 5kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 10kg of polyglutamic acid Chinese herbal nutrient solution per mu, twice, 15-20 days apart. S2.5, in late September, carry out autumn basal fertilizer: apply 500-1000kg of biological organic fertilizer per acre and soil amendment. 80kg of multi-bacterial agent + 80kg of soil conditioner.

4. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flower and fruit protection measures in step S3 include: S3.1, spraying at the beginning of flowering period: 50g / mu of fungicide + 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 100g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide solution; S3.

2. Spray during the flowering period: Boron + root and leaf fungicide 300g / mu + chitosan oligosaccharide solution 200g / mu.

5. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frost prevention measures in step S3 include: S3.

1. Delayed germination: drip irrigation at 3 tons / mu during the germination period; S3.2, Nutritional protection: 3 days before frost, spray 200g root and leaf fungicide + 200g chitosan oligosaccharide per mu; S3.

3. Orchard fumigation: Set up 5-6 smoke piles per acre and light them at 1:00 am.

6. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flower and fruit thinning method in step S3 includes: S3.1, during the inflorescence separation period, leave inflorescences at a spacing of 20-25 cm; S3.2, keep one central flower in each inflorescence during the peak flowering period; S3.

3. When setting the fruits, keep the fruits on the secondary branches, strong branches and both sides of the fruiting platform.

7. The method for organically growing apples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological control of pests and diseases in step S4 includes: S4.

1. Garden cleaning and disease prevention: Clean weeds, fallen leaves, and branches in the garden after spring thaw and autumn leaf fall, spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture, and spray 2 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture before bud break; S4.

2. Prevention and control during the growth period: During the young fruit stage, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide and 200g / mu of chitosan oligosaccharide, and add biological insecticide according to the pests; During the fruit expansion period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 1000g / mu of Trichoderma harzianum; During the color change period, spray 200g / mu of root and leaf fungicide + 50g / mu of mineral potassium humate.