New energy battery fire suppression system and method based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy battery fire suppression system and method based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling. The fire suppression system comprises an oblique detonation shock wave generation module, a multi-mode jetting module, a double-medium relay control module and an intelligent monitoring subsystem. The oblique detonation shock wave generation module outputs oblique detonation shock waves; the multi-mode injection module comprises a gas phase injection unit, a liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit and a solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit; the intelligent monitoring subsystem is connected with the oblique detonation shock wave generation module, the multi-mode jetting module and the double-medium relay control module. According to the invention, inclined detonation shock waves are combined with multi-medium fire extinguishment, so that chain type thermal runaway reaction can be effectively blocked, jet fire can be inhibited, hidden fire sources in the battery module can be effectively inhibited, and the safety of the battery module is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to, and in particular to, a new energy battery fire suppression system and method based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling. Background Art

[0002] The current new energy battery fire prevention and control mainly have the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] (1) The traditional fire extinguishing agent injection system has a significant response delay and cannot suppress deflagration in the early stage of thermal runaway;

[0004] (2) Conventional gaseous fire extinguishing agents are difficult to penetrate the internal structure of the battery module, and there is a risk of flame re-ignition;

[0005] (3) A single medium fire extinguishing solution is difficult to adapt to the thermodynamic characteristics of different combustion stages;

[0006] (4) There is a contradiction between the intensity and duration of fire extinguishing agent supply in high-risk scenarios.

[0007] While existing technologies, such as heptafluoropropane full flooding systems and perfluorohexanone localized application systems, can achieve basic fire extinguishing functions, they have significant limitations in interrupting chain thermal runaway reactions and suppressing jet fires. This is particularly true for hidden fire sources within battery modules, where traditional spraying methods suffer from technical drawbacks such as uneven coverage and rapid kinetic energy decay. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is hoped to provide a new energy battery fire suppression system and method based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling. By combining oblique detonation shock waves with multi-media fire extinguishing, the chain thermal runaway reaction can be effectively blocked, the jet fire can be suppressed, and the hidden fire source inside the battery module can be effectively suppressed, thereby greatly improving the safety of the battery module.

[0009] The present invention provides a new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling, which includes an oblique detonation shock wave generation module, a multi-modal injection module, a dual-medium relay control module and an intelligent monitoring subsystem;

[0010] The oblique detonation shock wave generating module outputs an oblique detonation shock wave;

[0011] The multimodal injection module includes a gas phase injection unit, a liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit and a solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit. The gas phase injection unit and the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit are respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module through the dual-medium relay control module. The dual-medium relay control module is used to control the connection switching between the output end of the oblique detonation shock wave generating module and the gas phase injection unit or the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit. The solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit is connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module;

[0012] The intelligent monitoring subsystem is respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generation module, the multimodal injection module and the dual-medium relay control module, and is used to collect fire monitoring data of the battery module, and control the oblique detonation shock wave generation module, the multimodal injection module and the dual-medium relay control module to cooperate in fire extinguishing according to the monitoring data.

[0013] Furthermore, the oblique detonation shock wave generating module includes an oxidant storage tank and a reductant storage tank, the output ends of the oxidant storage tank and the reductant storage tank are connected to the input end of the proportional control valve, the output end of the proportional control valve is connected to the micro-detonation cavity, the micro-detonation cavity is connected to a high-energy igniter, the micro-detonation cavity is connected to a detonation wave shaping grid, and the detonation wave shaping grid is connected to the shock wave guide tube.

[0014] Furthermore, a first flow regulating valve is provided between the oxidizer storage tank and the proportional regulating valve, and a first mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the oxidizer storage tank; a second flow regulating valve is provided between the reductant storage tank and the proportional regulating valve, and a second mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the reductant storage tank; and the micro-detonation cavity is connected to a spectrometer.

[0015] Furthermore, the detonation wave shaping grid is a honeycomb porous structure with a pore size gradient distribution of 0.5-2 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of the shock wave tube is coated with a ceramic-graphite composite ablation layer and is externally connected to a pressure feedback loop; the diameter of the shock wave tube gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet, with the inlet diameter being 18-20 mm and the outlet diameter being 8-12 mm; and the inner wall of the shock wave tube is provided with a spiral guide groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the dual-medium relay control module includes a selective diverter, the outlet of the shock wave guide tube is connected to the input end of the selective diverter, the first output end of the selective diverter is connected to the gas phase injection unit, and the second output end is connected to the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the gas phase injection unit includes a gas phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank, which is connected to the supercritical phase change injector through a first injection main valve; the first output end of the selective diverter is connected between the first injection main valve and the supercritical phase change injector;

[0019] The liquid phase injection unit includes a liquid phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank, which is connected to the supercritical phase change injector through a second injection main valve; the second output end of the selective diverter is connected between the second injection main valve and the supercritical phase change injector.

[0020] Furthermore, the solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit includes a solid fire extinguishing agent storage tank, one end of which is connected to the micro-detonation chamber through a control valve, and the other end of which is connected to the solid fire extinguishing agent injector.

[0021] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring subsystem is connected to a voltage fluctuation monitoring unit, a temperature sensor, a multi-spectral flame detector and a distributed pressure sensor array.

[0022] In addition, the present invention also provides a fire suppression method using the above-mentioned new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) Obtain monitoring parameters of the battery module;

[0024] 2) Constructing the mode decision model Mode;

[0025]

[0026] Where HRR is the heat release rate; V f is the flame spread rate;

[0027] 3) According to the mode decision model Mode, the oblique detonation shock wave generation module, the multi-mode injection module, and the dual-medium relay control module are controlled to execute single-medium injection or dual-medium relay for fire extinguishing;

[0028] The single-medium injection is to drive the solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit to spray the solid fire extinguishing agent through the residual pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave;

[0029] The dual-medium relay starts the gas-phase injection unit, and the oblique detonation shock wave and the gas-phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module. When the pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave drops to 30% of the initial value, or the battery surface temperature gradient ΔT / Δt ≤ 10°C / ms, it switches to the liquid high-pressure gas-phase injection unit, and the oblique detonation shock wave and the liquid-phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module; a local low-pressure area of ≤ 10kPa is formed behind the oblique detonation shock wave front, which draws the oxygen concentration in the combustion area to below 15%; the detonation products H2O and CO2 undergo chain termination reaction with the flame free radicals H· and OH·; the oblique detonation shock wave generates a supersonic airflow of ≥ 500m / s to penetrate the gaps in the battery module and directly reach the fire source at the battery cell level.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention uses oblique detonation shock waves combined with multi-media fire extinguishing to effectively block chain thermal runaway reactions, suppress jet fires, and effectively suppress hidden fire sources inside battery modules; the fire extinguishing response time is shortened to 1 / 5 of that of traditional systems, and the detonation shock wave precursor fire extinguishing shortens the flame development time window by more than 62%; liquid high-pressure injection increases the agent utilization rate by 40%-65%, and effectively covers the 7-9 layers of the battery module structure; the dual-media relay mode makes the fire extinguishing success rate in high-risk scenarios reach 98.7%, and the probability of re-ignition is less than 0.3%, greatly improving the safety of the battery module.

[0032] The fire extinguishing mode is automatically switched according to the heat release rate and / or flame spread speed, reducing the system energy consumption by approximately 30%. The shock wave guide tube diameter (8-12mm) is compatible with the existing battery module heat dissipation channel, and the modular design is compatible with the existing battery pack structure. The modification and installation cost is only 45%-60% of the traditional system.

[0033] It should be understood that the contents described in the summary of the invention are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the new energy battery fire suppression system.

[0036] Numbers in the figure: 1. Oblique detonation shock wave generation module; 2. Multi-mode injection module; 3. Dual-medium relay control module; 4. Intelligent monitoring subsystem;

[0037] 11. Oxidant storage tank; 12. Reductant storage tank; 13. Proportional control valve; 14. Micro-detonation chamber; 15. High-energy igniter; 16. Detonation wave shaping grid; 17. Shock wave guide tube; 18. First flow control valve; 19. Second flow control valve;

[0038] 21. Gas phase spray unit; 22. Liquid high pressure gas phase spray unit; 23. Solid fire extinguishing agent spreading unit;

[0039] 211. Gas phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank; 212. First injection main valve; 213. Supercritical phase change injector;

[0040] 221. Liquid fire extinguishing agent storage tank; 222. Second injection main valve;

[0041] 231. Solid fire extinguishing agent storage tank; 232. Control valve; 233. Solid fire extinguishing agent injector;

[0042] 31. Select a diverter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the relevant invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only portions relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0044] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling, comprising an oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1, a multi-modal injection module 2, a dual-medium relay control module 3 and an intelligent monitoring subsystem 4;

[0046] The oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1 outputs the oblique detonation shock wave;

[0047] The multimodal injection module 2 includes a gas phase injection unit 21, a liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22 and a solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit 23. The gas phase injection unit 21 and the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22 are respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1 through a dual-medium relay control module 3. The dual-medium relay control module 3 is used to control the connection switching between the output end of the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1 and the gas phase injection unit 21 or the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22. The solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit 23 is connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1;

[0048] The intelligent monitoring subsystem 4 is respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1, the multimodal injection module 2 and the dual-medium relay control module 3, and is used to collect fire monitoring data of the battery module and control the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1, the multimodal injection module 2 and the dual-medium relay control module 3 to cooperate in fire extinguishing according to the monitoring data.

[0049] In this embodiment, the fire suppression system adopts a modular design, the oblique detonation wave generating module 1 is embedded in the pack end cover of the battery module, and the multimodal injection module 2 is integrated into the heat conduction plate on the side wall of the module; 10%-15% of the energy released by the battery thermal runaway is used to drive the premixed gas detonation of the oblique detonation wave generating module 1, thereby realizing a closed loop of system energy consumption.

[0050] The system of this application was experimentally verified in different test scenarios, and the experimental verification data is shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Experimental verification data

[0052] Test scenario Fire extinguishing time (s) Temperature drop rate (℃ / s) Reignition probability (%) Single cell thermal runaway 0.32 280 0.1 Modular Jetfire 1.05 195 0.4 Pack-level heat spread 2.17 150 0.7 Extremely low temperatures (-40°C) 0.89 210 0.3

[0053] The present invention uses oblique detonation shock waves combined with multi-media fire extinguishing to effectively block chain thermal runaway reactions, suppress jet fires, and effectively suppress hidden fire sources inside battery modules; the fire extinguishing response time is shortened to 1 / 5 of that of traditional systems, and the detonation shock wave precursor fire extinguishing shortens the flame development time window by more than 62%; liquid high-pressure injection increases the agent utilization rate by 40%-65%, and effectively covers the 7-9 layers of the battery module structure; the dual-media relay mode makes the fire extinguishing success rate in high-risk scenarios reach 98.7%, and the probability of re-ignition is less than 0.3%, greatly improving the safety of the battery module.

[0054] The fire extinguishing mode is automatically switched according to the heat release rate and / or flame spread speed, reducing the system energy consumption by approximately 30%. The shock wave guide tube diameter (8-12mm) is compatible with the existing battery module heat dissipation channel, and the modular design is compatible with the existing battery pack structure. The modification and installation cost is only 45%-60% of the traditional system.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1 includes an oxidant storage tank 11 and a reducing agent storage tank 12. The output ends of the oxidant storage tank 11 and the reducing agent storage tank 12 are connected to the input end of a proportional regulating valve 13. The output end of the proportional regulating valve 13 is connected to a micro-detonation chamber 14. The micro-detonation chamber 14 is connected to a high-energy igniter 15. The micro-detonation chamber 14 is connected to a detonation wave shaping grid 16. The detonation wave shaping grid 16 is connected to a shock wave guide tube 17.

[0056] A first flow regulating valve 18 is provided between the oxidant storage tank 11 and the proportional regulating valve 13, and a first mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the oxidant storage tank 11; a second flow regulating valve 19 is provided between the reductant storage tank 12 and the proportional regulating valve 13, and a second mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the reductant storage tank 12; the micro-detonation chamber 14 is connected to a spectrometer;

[0057] The detonation wave shaping grid 16 is a honeycomb porous structure with a pore size gradient distribution of 0.5-2mm; the inner wall of the shock wave guide tube 17 is coated with a ceramic-graphite composite ablation layer and is externally connected to a pressure feedback loop; the diameter of the shock wave guide tube 17 gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet, with the inlet diameter being 18-20mm and the outlet diameter being 8-12mm; the inner wall of the shock wave guide tube 17 is provided with a spiral guide groove.

[0058] In this embodiment, the oblique detonation shock wave generating module 1 is configured with a combustible gas, such as a hydrogen / oxygen mixture with a volume ratio of 2:1 to 5:1. The combustible gas is injected into the micro-detonation cavity 14 according to a preset ratio after passing through the proportional control valve 13. The high-energy igniter 15 ignites and triggers deflagration. The oblique detonation shock wave (Mach number 1.8-2.5) is guided by the detonation wave shaping grid 16 and enters the gas phase injection unit 21 or the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22 along the shock wave guide 17, carrying the gas phase fire extinguishing agent or the liquid fire extinguishing agent into the battery module. When propagating, the following effects are produced:

[0059] Transient oxygen dilution: A local low-pressure area (≤10kPa) is formed behind the oblique detonation shock wave front, which draws the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone to below 15%;

[0060] Free radical quenching: detonation products (H2O, CO2, etc.) react with flame free radicals (H·, OH·) to cause chain termination reaction;

[0061] Structural penetration: Supersonic airflow (≥500m / s) penetrates the gaps in the battery module and directly reaches the fire source at the cell level.

[0062] Maximizing detonation efficiency is ensured by online monitoring using a mass flow meter (accuracy ±0.5%) and Raman spectroscopy. The micro-detonation cavity 14 is embedded with a microchannel cooling structure (channel width 0.5 mm, aspect ratio 10:1), which uses phase change material (melting point 60°C) to absorb detonation waste heat and maintain the cavity temperature ≤80°C.

[0063] The detonation wave shaping grid 16 is 3D printed, made of Inconel 718 alloy, and plasma-sprayed with Al2O3-TiO2 coating (thickness 50μm) on the surface, achieving an oblique detonation shock wave waveform control accuracy of ±5%.

[0064] The shock waveguide tube 17 adopts a variable diameter structure (entrance diameter 20mm → exit diameter 12mm), and a spiral guide groove (pitch 8mm, depth 0.3mm) is set on the inner wall to reduce the wavefront energy attenuation to ≤8% / m;

[0065] The wavefront pressure is monitored in real time through a piezoelectric sensor array (arranged with a spacing of 50mm) and the ignition sequence is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the peak pressure is maintained at 2.5-3.8MPa when the shock wave reaches the fire extinguishing area.

[0066] In some cases, a piezoelectric stack (PZT-5H material, stack height 50mm) is installed at the end of the shock wave guide tube 17 to convert the shock wave residual pressure (0.5-1.2MPa) into electrical energy (peak power 120W) for use in the sensor network; a thermocouple array (arranged between battery modules) is used to collect thermal runaway waste heat to drive the Stirling engine to generate electricity (conversion efficiency >15%), achieving a system energy self-sufficiency rate of >40%; an integrated impedance spectrum analysis unit (frequency range 1Hz-1MHz) is used to evaluate the pipeline corrosion status in real time (accuracy ±5μm) and provide early warning of structural failure risks.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the dual-medium relay control module 3 includes a selective diverter 31, the outlet of the shock wave guide tube 17 is connected to the input end of the selective diverter 31, the first output end of the selective diverter 31 is connected to the gas phase injection unit 21, and the second output end is connected to the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22.

[0068] In this embodiment, the dual-medium relay control module 3 controls the oblique detonation shock wave to enter the gas phase injection unit 21 or the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22 by selecting the diverter 31. When the pressure at the end of the shock wave guide tube 17 drops to 30% of the initial value, or when the battery surface temperature gradient ΔT / Δt ≤ 10°C / ms, the gas phase injection is triggered to switch to the liquid phase injection.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the gas phase injection unit 21 includes a gas phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank 211, which is connected to the supercritical phase change injector 213 through a first injection main valve 212; the first output end of the selective diverter 31 is connected between the first injection main valve 212 and the supercritical phase change injector 213;

[0070] The liquid phase injection unit 22 includes a liquid phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank 221, which is connected to the supercritical phase change injector 213 through a second injection main valve 222; the second output end of the selective diverter 31 is connected between the second injection main valve 222 and the supercritical phase change injector 213;

[0071] The solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit 23 includes a solid fire extinguishing agent storage tank 231 , one end of which is connected to the micro-detonation chamber 14 via a control valve 232 , and the other end of which is connected to a solid fire extinguishing agent injector 233 .

[0072] In this embodiment, the gas phase injection unit 21 uses a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen (volume ratio 1:3 to 1:5) at a rate of 120-180 m / s for 3-5 seconds to reduce the oxygen concentration in the initial fire zone to below 12%;

[0073] The liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit 22 combines the dual mechanism of phase change heat absorption (enthalpy value ≥ 800kJ / kg) and chemical inhibition, with a cooling rate ≥ 150℃ / s; the medium to be used is selected according to different scenarios. For conventional scenarios: perfluorohexanone (C6F 12 O)-based solution (with 10%-20% fluorinated acrylate solubilizer added), with a boiling point adjustment range of -25°C to 45°C; high-risk scenario: carbon dioxide-acetone binary system (mass ratio 3:1), doped with 5%-8% nano-alumina (particle size 50-100nm), with a vapor expansion coefficient of 4.8×10 3 m 3 / kg; Extremely low temperature environment: Azeotropic mixture of fluorocarbonate (C3F7OCOOCH3) and liquid nitrogen (freezing point ≤ -80°C).

[0074] The solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit 23 uses the residual pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave (≥1.2MPa) to push the piston, instantly releasing ABC dry powder (particle size D50 = 20-40μm) or metal hydroxide powder; three-dimensional dispersion is achieved through the dispersing angle adjustment plate (adjustable from 0° to 60°), and the powder settling rate is ≤0.5m / s.

[0075] Dynamic control of supercritical phase change ejector: A convergence-divergence Laval nozzle (throat diameter 0.5 mm, divergence angle 8°) is used in combination with a vortex generator (blade inclination 45°) to enable the medium to complete supercritical transformation in the nozzle (critical pressure 7.4 MPa); an integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor monitors the density change of the medium in real time (resolution ±5 kg / m 3 ), feedback adjustment of injection pressure (control bandwidth 100Hz).

[0076] Medium storage and supply system: Composite material storage tank (inner layer 316L stainless steel, middle layer carbon fiber winding, outer layer polyimide insulation layer), pressure rating ≥ 50MPa; ultrasonic agitator (frequency 28kHz, power 200W) is installed in the tank to prevent nanoparticle sedimentation (suspension stability > 95%).

[0077] Intelligent spreading of solid fire extinguishing agent: A pneumatic classification device (Venturi tube + cyclone separator combination) is used to achieve an ABC dry powder particle size distribution concentration of D90 / D10 ≤ 3. The spreading angle is optimized based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation (adjustable in 5 levels from 0°-60°), and combined with high-speed camera feedback (frame rate 10,000fps), the spatial distribution uniformity of the fire extinguishing agent is achieved >85%.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the intelligent monitoring subsystem 4 is connected to a voltage fluctuation monitoring unit, a temperature sensor, a multi-spectral flame detector and a distributed pressure sensor array for collecting fire monitoring parameters.

[0079] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fire suppression method using the above-mentioned new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0080] 1) Obtain monitoring parameters of the battery module;

[0081] 2) Constructing the mode decision model Mode;

[0082]

[0083] Where HRR is the heat release rate; V f is the flame spread rate;

[0084] 3) According to the mode decision model Mode, the oblique detonation shock wave generation module 1, the multi-mode injection module 2, and the dual-medium relay control module 3 are controlled to execute single-medium injection or dual-medium relay for fire extinguishing;

[0085] Among them, the single medium injection is to drive the solid fire extinguishing agent spreading unit 23 to spray the solid fire extinguishing agent through the residual pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave;

[0086] The dual-medium relay starts the gas-phase injection unit 21, and the oblique detonation shock wave and the gas-phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module. When the oblique detonation shock wave pressure drops to 30% of the initial value, or the battery surface temperature gradient ΔT / Δt ≤ 10°C / ms, it switches to the liquid high-pressure gas-phase injection unit 22, and the oblique detonation shock wave and the liquid-phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module; a local low-pressure area of ≤ 10kPa is formed behind the oblique detonation shock wave front, which draws the oxygen concentration in the combustion area to below 15%; the detonation products H2O and CO2 undergo chain termination reaction with the flame free radicals H· and OH·; the oblique detonation shock wave generates a supersonic airflow of ≥ 500m / s, which penetrates the gaps in the battery module and directly reaches the fire source at the battery cell level.

[0087] In this embodiment, the propagation speed of the oblique detonation wave (supersonic) and the flame acceleration period (subsonic) form a speed difference suppression; the gas phase fire extinguishing agent blocks the chain reaction, and the liquid medium achieves deep cooling. The combination of multiple media effectively suppresses the hidden fire source inside the battery module, greatly improving the safety of the battery module.

[0088] In this specification, the terms "connect," "install," and "fix" should be understood broadly. For example, "connect" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0089] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling, characterized in that: It includes an oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1), a multi-mode injection module (2), a dual-medium relay control module (3) and an intelligent monitoring subsystem (4); The oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1) outputs an oblique detonation shock wave; The multi-mode injection module (2) comprises a gas phase injection unit (21), a liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit (22) and a solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit (23); the gas phase injection unit (21) and the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit (22) are respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1) via the dual-medium relay control module (3); the dual-medium relay control module (3) is used to control the output end of the oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1) to be connected to the gas phase injection unit (21) or the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit (22), and the connection switching of the solid fire extinguishing agent scattering unit (23) and the oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1); The intelligent monitoring subsystem (4) is respectively connected to the oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1), the multimodal injection module (2) and the dual-medium relay control module (3), and is used to collect fire monitoring data of the battery module, and control the oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1), the multimodal injection module (2) and the dual-medium relay control module (3) to cooperate in extinguishing the fire according to the monitoring data.

2. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oblique detonation shock wave generating module (1) comprises an oxidant storage tank (11) and a reducing agent storage tank (12), the output ends of the oxidant storage tank (11) and the reducing agent storage tank (12) are connected to the input end of a proportional regulating valve (13), the output end of the proportional regulating valve (13) is connected to a micro-detonation chamber (14), the micro-detonation chamber (14) is connected to a high-energy igniter (15), the micro-detonation chamber (14) is connected to a detonation wave shaping grid (16), and the detonation wave shaping grid (16) is connected to a shock wave guide tube (17).

3. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first flow regulating valve (18) is provided between the oxidant storage tank (11) and the proportional regulating valve (13), and a first mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the oxidant storage tank (11); a second flow regulating valve (19) is provided between the reducing agent storage tank (12) and the proportional regulating valve (13), and a second mass flow meter is provided at the output end of the reducing agent storage tank (12); and the micro-detonation chamber (14) is connected to a spectrometer.

4. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The detonation wave shaping grid (16) is a honeycomb porous structure with a pore size gradient distribution of 0.5-2 mm.

5. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inner wall of the shock wave guide tube (17) is coated with a ceramic-graphite composite ablation layer and is externally connected to a pressure feedback loop; the caliber of the shock wave guide tube (17) gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet, the inlet caliber is 18-20 mm, and the outlet caliber is 8-12 mm; the inner wall of the shock wave guide tube (17) is provided with a spiral guide groove.

6. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The dual-medium relay control module (3) comprises a selective diverter (31), the outlet of the shock wave guide tube (17) is connected to the input end of the selective diverter (31), a first output end of the selective diverter (31) is connected to the gas phase injection unit (21), and a second output end is connected to the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit (22).

7. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The gas phase injection unit (21) comprises a gas phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank (211), and the gas phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank (211) is connected to a supercritical phase change injector (213) via a first injection main valve (212); a first output end of the selective diverter (31) is connected between the first injection main valve (212) and the supercritical phase change injector (213); The liquid phase injection unit (22) comprises a liquid phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank (221), and the liquid phase fire extinguishing agent storage tank (221) is connected to a supercritical phase change injector (213) via a second injection main valve (222); the second output end of the selective diverter (31) is connected between the second injection main valve (222) and the supercritical phase change injector (213).

8. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit (23) comprises a solid fire extinguishing agent storage tank (231), one end of which is connected to the micro-detonation chamber (14) via a control valve (232), and the other end of which is connected to a solid fire extinguishing agent injector (233).

9. The new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring subsystem (4) is connected to a voltage fluctuation monitoring unit, a temperature sensor, a multi-spectrum flame detector and a distributed pressure sensor array.

10. A fire suppression method using the new energy battery fire suppression system based on oblique detonation shock wave coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Obtain monitoring parameters of the battery module; 2) Constructing the mode decision model Mode; Where HRR is the heat release rate; V f is the flame spread rate; 3) controlling the oblique detonation shock wave generation module (1), the multi-mode injection module (2), and the dual-medium relay control module (3) to execute single-medium injection or dual-medium relay for fire extinguishing according to the mode decision model Mode; The single-medium injection is to drive the solid fire extinguishing agent dispersing unit (23) to spray the solid fire extinguishing agent through the residual pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave; The dual-medium relay is to start the gas phase injection unit (21), and the oblique detonation shock wave and the gas phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module. When the pressure of the oblique detonation shock wave decreases to 30% of the initial value, or the battery surface temperature gradient ΔT / Δt≤10°C / ms, it switches to the liquid high-pressure gas phase injection unit (22), and the oblique detonation shock wave and the liquid phase fire extinguishing agent enter the battery module; a local low-pressure area of ≤10kPa is formed behind the oblique detonation shock wave front, and the oxygen concentration in the combustion area is sucked to below 15%; the detonation products H2O and CO2 react with the flame free radicals H· and OH· to cause chain termination reaction; the oblique detonation shock wave generates a supersonic airflow of ≥500m / s to penetrate the gap of the battery module and directly reach the battery cell-level fire source.

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