Tracking and monitoring device and method for water plastic garbage conveying process

Abstract

The invention discloses a tracking and monitoring device and method for a water plastic garbage transmission process. A self-positioning and communication module, an integrated control button, a battery pack, a memory, a GPS receiver, a microprocessor, an adapter, an alarm, a Wi-Fi module and a flow velocity sensor are arranged in a shell of the device; the control button activates the battery pack to supply power to the self-positioning and communication module; the GPS receiver receives a satellite positioning signal, and the flow velocity sensor monitors the flow velocity of the device in the water body; the microprocessor performs analysis and space-time correction processing on the satellite positioning data to obtain latitude and longitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps, and after format conversion of the adapter, one path is written into the memory in real time, and the other path is uploaded to the cloud monitoring platform through the Wi-Fi module; when the flowing speed of the device in the water body exceeds a preset threshold range, the alarm gives an early warning. The system integrates waterproofing, high-precision GPS real-time transmission, sensor collaboration and light weight, provides accurate data support for river plastic pollution treatment, and is suitable for a plastic garbage tracking scheme of a river environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental pollutant monitoring technology, and in particular to the interdisciplinary field of dynamic tracking of water pollutants and marine environmental protection, and more specifically to a tracking and monitoring device and method for the transmission process of plastic waste in water. Background Art

[0002] The current global waste plastic production is about 3.5×10 6 t, plastic waste production will reach 2.5×10 by 2040 10 Plastic particles break down into tiny particles and contaminate ecosystems, reducing their ability to adapt to climate change and impacting the livelihoods and food production of millions of people. Plastics account for 10.1% of all solid waste generated. The massive amount of plastic waste in aquatic bodies has severely damaged aquatic ecosystems, posing a serious threat to aquatic biodiversity, navigation safety, and the development of the marine industry. The potential risks posed by plastic pollution to ecosystems and human health have become a major global issue. The global water pollution situation and its impacts are becoming increasingly complex. The growing problem of plastic pollution poses unpredictable threats to organisms and human health.

[0003] Rivers are the primary pathways for plastic waste to enter the ocean, but detailed research on their transport processes is currently lacking. Traditional methods rely primarily on ocean observation equipment and computer simulations, but these methods are inadequate in river environments. For one thing, bridges, dams, and other structures in rivers can alter water flow, causing plastic waste to settle or disperse. For another, existing technologies can only roughly track the distribution of waste within a few kilometers and cannot accurately determine the specific movement paths of plastic in complex river channels. Furthermore, existing technologies also present the following technical issues:

[0004] (1) Traditional tracking methods lack environmental adaptability

[0005] Existing plastic waste tracking devices lack waterproof design and cannot operate stably for a long time in the humid, changeable and dynamic environment of rivers, resulting in data collection interruption or equipment damage.

[0006] (2) Positioning accuracy and timeliness defects

[0007] Conventional GPS tracking technology has large positioning errors (usually exceeding 10 meters), and data transmission relies on intermittent storage and feedback, making it impossible to achieve high-precision (within 1 meter) real-time trajectory recording, and it is difficult to accurately reflect the subtle movement patterns of plastic waste in complex water flows.

[0008] (3) Low-frequency updates lead to dynamic tracking distortion

[0009] Using a data update frequency of hours or longer (such as the drifting buoys used in some studies) cannot capture the rapid movement characteristics of plastic waste in scenarios such as river rapids and vortices, resulting in deviations in trajectory analysis.

[0010] (4) Equipment interferes with the natural drifting state

[0011] Some tracking devices are large in size or exceed the weight limit, which may change the original floating characteristics of plastic waste, resulting in inconsistency between observed data and actual pollution diffusion behavior. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a tracking and monitoring device and method for the transmission process of plastic waste in water bodies. By integrating waterproofing, high-precision GPS positioning real-time transmission, water flow rate sensor collaboration and lightweight design, it systematically solves the bottleneck of existing technology and provides accurate data support for the control of river plastic pollution.

[0013] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0014] A device for tracking and monitoring the transmission process of plastic waste in water bodies, comprising a housing, an autonomous positioning and communication module disposed within the housing, the autonomous positioning and communication module integrating a control button, a battery pack, a storage device, a GPS receiver, a microprocessor, an adapter, an alarm, a Wi-Fi module, and a flow rate sensor;

[0015] The battery pack is used to power the various electrical components in the autonomous positioning and communication module, the control button is used to control the on and off of the battery pack power supply, the GPS receiver is used to continuously receive satellite positioning signals in real time, the microprocessor is used to parse and perform spatiotemporal correction processing on the satellite positioning data obtained in real time to obtain real-time latitude and longitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps, the adapter is used to convert the format of the latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamps, the storage is used to store the format-converted latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamps in real time, and the Wi-Fi module is used to upload the format-converted latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamps to the cloud monitoring platform in real time; the flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flow rate of the tracking and monitoring device in the water body in real time, and when the microprocessor detects that the flow rate exceeds a preset threshold range, it triggers an alarm warning.

[0016] Furthermore, the shell is a transparent waterproof shell made of polycarbonate material.

[0017] Furthermore, the autonomous positioning and communication module includes a GPS shell, the control button is arranged on the GPS shell, and a main board is arranged in the GPS shell for integrating a battery pack, storage, GPS receiver, microprocessor, adapter, alarm, Wi-Fi module, and flow rate sensor.

[0018] Furthermore, the GPS receiver adopts a high-precision Beidou GPS receiver, which receives satellite signals every 5 minutes and integrates them with Beidou system data, and improves the positioning accuracy to within 1 meter through a weighted algorithm.

[0019] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0020] A method for tracking and monitoring the transmission process of plastic waste in water bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The tracking and monitoring device is placed in a body of water and activated by a control button, so that the battery pack supplies power to the electrical components in the autonomous positioning and communication module;

[0022] As the tracking and monitoring device flows with the water body, the GPS receiver continuously receives satellite positioning signals in real time, and at the same time the flow rate sensor monitors the flow rate of the tracking and monitoring device in the water body in real time;

[0023] The microprocessor uses a Kalman filter algorithm to analyze and perform spatiotemporal correction on the real-time satellite positioning data to obtain the real-time latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp of the tracking and monitoring device. After format conversion through the adapter, the data is transmitted in two ways: one is written to the storage device in real time for local redundant storage, and the other is uploaded to the cloud monitoring platform in real time via the Wi-Fi module to locate the migration trajectory of plastic waste in the watershed.

[0024] When the microprocessor detects that the flow speed of the tracking monitoring device in the water body exceeds a preset threshold range, the alarm is triggered to emit an audible and visual warning.

[0025] This patent uses GPS + satellite tracking technology to track the flow path of plastic waste. Compared with traditional methods, the method of the present invention has many advantages, such as high accuracy, wide range, strong real-time data, low cost, and high reusability, as follows:

[0026] (1) Use a small, simulated plastic bottle tracking device

[0027] This invention designs a unique "bottle tag" with a transparent, waterproof shell made of polycarbonate. Its shape, weight, and buoyancy closely mimic those of a real plastic bottle, ensuring its movement in water aligns with actual plastic waste. While previous drift devices were typically larger and affected differently by wind and currents, this invention uses full-size plastic bottles, better reflecting the actual flow patterns of plastic waste in natural environments.

[0028] (2) Combine GPS + satellite tracking to achieve accurate data collection

[0029] The present invention uses a high-precision GPS receiver that can record the precise position of the device of the present invention (simulating a plastic bottle) in real time, solving the problem that traditional methods can only obtain the final position. The GPS receiver receives and updates the satellite signal every 5 minutes and integrates it with the Beidou system data. The positioning accuracy is improved to within 1 meter through a weighted algorithm, achieving high-precision positioning of the migration trajectory of plastic waste in the watershed and determining the flow trajectory of the device of the present invention in the water body. The present invention uses a flow rate sensor to help analyze the relationship between the movement of plastic waste and hydrological conditions. The flow rate sensor monitors the flow speed of the tracking and monitoring device in the water body in real time. When the flow speed exceeds the preset threshold range, the alarm is triggered. The stagnation point can be determined by analyzing the movement trajectory and flow speed.

[0030] This invention enables remote monitoring, unrestricted by human factors, and avoids the limitations of methods like drift cards, which rely on recovery rates. It accurately locates the migration trajectory of plastic waste within a watershed, with minute-by-minute data refresh rates. This system forms a complete monitoring chain, from location acquisition to data processing to remote transmission, enabling precise tracking and real-time visualization of the migration paths of plastic waste within a watershed.

[0031] (3) Low-cost, open-source technology, easy for large-scale application

[0032] The invention is lower in cost than traditional oceanographic drifters, can be deployed on a large scale and is recyclable and reusable, thus avoiding additional pollution caused by the experiment itself. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance and structure of the tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is an overall perspective view of the tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is an overall cross-sectional view of the tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4This is an overall perspective view of the autonomous positioning and communication module in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the autonomous positioning and communication module in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is the electrical schematic diagram of the autonomous positioning and communication module in the present invention.

[0039] Figure numerals: 1-housing; 2-GPS housing; 3-control button; 4-battery pack; 5-mainboard; 6-storage; 7-GPS receiver; 8-microprocessor; 9-adapter; 10-alarm; 11-Wi-Fi module, 12-flow rate sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In order to help policy makers formulate scientific waste management strategies and help the world solve the problem of plastic pollution more effectively, the present invention proposes a tracking and monitoring device for the transmission process of plastic waste in water bodies.

[0042] The tracking and monitoring device for the water body plastic waste transmission process proposed by the present invention can record the movement trajectory of plastic waste in real time, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes a shell 1, in which a miniaturized autonomous positioning and communication module is arranged. The autonomous positioning and communication module integrates a control button 3, a battery pack 4, a storage 6, a GPS receiver 7, a microprocessor 8, an adapter 9, an alarm 10, a Wi-Fi module 11, a flow rate sensor 12, etc.

[0043] The battery pack 4 supplies power to various electrical components in the autonomous positioning and communication module, such as the storage 6, the GPS receiver 7, the microprocessor 8, the adapter 9, the alarm 10, the Wi-Fi module 11, and the flow rate sensor 12.

[0044] The control button 3 is used to control the on and off of the power supply of the battery pack 4. One end of the control button 3 is electrically connected to the battery pack 4, and the other end is electrically connected to the storage 6, GPS receiver 7, microprocessor 8, adapter 9, alarm 10, Wi-Fi module 11, and flow rate sensor 12 respectively.

[0045] The GPS receiver 7 continuously receives satellite positioning signals in real time while the tracking and monitoring device of the present invention flows with the water body. The satellite positioning signal data is in the form of serial data in the NMEA-0183 format. The GPS receiver 7 is electrically connected to the microprocessor and outputs the satellite positioning signals to the microprocessor in real time.

[0046] The microprocessor 8 parses and performs spatiotemporal correction on the real-time satellite positioning data to obtain real-time longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps. Specifically, after receiving the satellite positioning signal output by the GPS receiver 7, the microprocessor 8 first identifies the standard format statement, filters transmission errors through character-by-character checksum, extracts key fields such as longitude and latitude, and time, identifies fixed offset patterns through historical trajectory analysis, establishes a compensation value comparison table, and superimposes the correction value in real time during subsequent positioning to perform corrections, thereby outputting the processed longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps in real time.

[0047] The adapter 9 is used to convert the latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp. Its input end is electrically connected to the output end of the microprocessor 8, and its output end is electrically connected to the storage 6 and Wi-Fi module 11. The adapter 9 converts the latitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp output by the microprocessor 8 from NMEA-0183 format serial port data to a structured network data packet with CRC checksum, which is a data format that can be recognized, stored, and uploaded by the storage 6 and Wi-Fi module 11.

[0048] The storage 6 is used to store the converted latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp in real time.

[0049] The Wi-Fi module 11 is used to upload the format-converted longitude and latitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp to the cloud monitoring platform in real time. The position coordinate information of the tracking and monitoring device of the present invention obtained in real time can be used to draw a movement trajectory map of plastic waste in the water, thereby gaining an in-depth understanding of the fine-scale migration characteristics of plastic pollutants in the water system, and realizing the triple application value of pollution source analysis, key area interception and intelligent sorting of recyclables in the field of environmental governance.

[0050] The flow rate sensor 12 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 8 and is used to monitor the flow rate of the tracking monitoring device in the water body in real time. When the microprocessor 5 detects that the flow rate exceeds a preset threshold range, the alarm 10 is triggered to issue an early warning.

[0051] In the above-mentioned device, the housing 1 is preferably a transparent, waterproof shell made of polycarbonate, with its shape, weight, and buoyancy closely mimicking that of a real plastic bottle. For example, the outer diameter of the housing 1 can be set to 10 cm, the height can be set to 20 cm, and the density can be adjusted to 0.95 g / cm³±2%, simulating the shape and buoyancy characteristics of the target plastic waste, ensuring that its movement pattern in the water is consistent with that of real plastic bottles and other waste.

[0052] In the above device, preferably, the autonomous positioning and communication module includes a GPS housing 2, the control button 3 is provided on the GPS housing 2, and a mainboard 5 is provided in the GPS housing 2 for integrating a battery pack 4, a storage 6, a GPS receiver 7, a microprocessor 8, an adapter 9, an alarm 10, a Wi-Fi module 11, and a flow rate sensor 12. The mainboard 5 serves as an integrated hub and can coordinate the operation of various functional modules. For example, three mainboards 5 are provided: one mainboard 5 is used to integrate 7 and 8, one mainboard 5 is used to integrate the adapter 9, the alarm 10, the Wi-Fi module 11, and the flow rate sensor 12, and one mainboard 5 is used to integrate the battery pack 4 and the storage 6.

[0053] In the above device, preferably, the GPS receiver 7 adopts a high-precision Beidou GPS receiver. The GPS receiver 7 receives and updates satellite signals every 5 minutes and integrates them with Beidou system data, and improves the positioning accuracy to within 1 meter through a weighted algorithm.

[0054] In the above device, preferably, the storage 6 is an industrial-grade storage, and the alarm 10 is an audible and visual alarm.

[0055] Based on the principle of the above tracking and monitoring device, the present invention also proposes a tracking and monitoring method for the transmission process of plastic waste in water, comprising the following steps:

[0056] The tracking and monitoring device is placed in a body of water. When the user activates the tracking and monitoring device of the present invention by pressing the control button 3, the battery pack 4 supplies power to the electrical components of the autonomous positioning and communication modules respectively.

[0057] As the tracking and monitoring device of the present invention flows with the water body, the GPS receiver 7 continuously receives satellite positioning signals in real time, and at the same time the flow rate sensor 12 monitors the flow rate of the tracking and monitoring device of the present invention in the water body in real time;

[0058] The microprocessor 8 uses a Kalman filter algorithm to analyze and perform spatiotemporal correction processing on the real-time satellite positioning data to obtain the real-time longitude and latitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp of the tracking and monitoring device. The processed longitude and latitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp are converted into a format by the adapter 9 and then transmitted in two ways: one way is written to the storage 6 in real time for local redundant storage, and the other way is uploaded to the cloud monitoring platform in real time via the Wi-Fi module 11 to locate the migration trajectory of plastic waste in the watershed.

[0059] When the microprocessor 5 detects that the flow velocity of the tracking and monitoring device in the water exceeds a preset threshold, it immediately triggers the alarm 10 to issue an audible and visual warning, and its LED warning light provides a visual warning through the housing 1. For example, by comparing the detection value of the flow velocity sensor with the preset threshold, the stagnation point of the tracking and monitoring device can be located.

[0060] Although the functions and working processes of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific functions and working processes. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which are all protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A tracking and monitoring device for the transmission process of plastic waste in water, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: An autonomous positioning and communication module is provided in the housing (1), and the autonomous positioning and communication module integrates a control button (3), a battery pack (4), a storage (6), a GPS receiver (7), a microprocessor (8), an adapter (9), an alarm (10), a Wi-Fi module (11), and a flow rate sensor (12); The battery pack (4) is used to supply power to various electrical components in the autonomous positioning and communication module; the control button (3) is used to control the on / off of the power supply of the battery pack (4); the GPS receiver (7) is used to continuously receive satellite positioning signals in real time; the microprocessor (8) is used to analyze and perform spatiotemporal correction processing on the satellite positioning data obtained in real time to obtain real-time longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps; the adapter (9) is used to perform format conversion on the longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps; the storage (6) is used to store the format-converted longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps in real time; the Wi-Fi module (11) is used to upload the format-converted longitude and latitude coordinates and corresponding UTC timestamps to a cloud monitoring platform in real time; the flow rate sensor (12) is used to monitor the flow rate of the tracking and monitoring device in the water body in real time; when the microprocessor (5) detects that the flow rate exceeds a preset threshold range, the alarm (10) is triggered to issue an early warning.

2. The tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The housing (1) is a transparent waterproof shell made of polycarbonate material.

3. The tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The autonomous positioning and communication module comprises a GPS housing (2), the control button (3) is arranged on the GPS housing (2), and a mainboard (5) is arranged in the GPS housing (2) for integrating a battery pack (4), a storage (6), a GPS receiver (7), a microprocessor (8), an adapter (9), an alarm (10), a Wi-Fi module (11), and a flow rate sensor (12).

4. The tracking and monitoring device for the water plastic waste transmission process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The GPS receiver (7) adopts a high-precision Beidou GPS receiver. The GPS receiver (7) receives a satellite signal every 5 minutes and fuses it with Beidou system data, and improves the positioning accuracy to within 1 meter through a weighted algorithm.

5. A tracking and monitoring method for the water body plastic waste transmission process based on the tracking and monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The tracking and monitoring device is placed in a body of water, and after being activated by a control button (3), the battery pack (4) supplies power to various electrical components in the autonomous positioning and communication module; When the tracking and monitoring device flows with the water body, the GPS receiver (7) continuously receives satellite positioning signals in real time, and the flow rate sensor (12) monitors the flow rate of the tracking and monitoring device in the water body in real time; The microprocessor (8) uses a Kalman filter algorithm to analyze and perform spatiotemporal correction processing on the satellite positioning data obtained in real time, thereby obtaining the real-time latitude and longitude coordinates and the corresponding UTC timestamp of the tracking and monitoring device. After format conversion through the adapter (9), the data is transmitted in two ways: one way is written into the storage (6) in real time for local redundant storage, and the other way is uploaded to the cloud monitoring platform in real time through the Wi-Fi module (11), thereby realizing the positioning of the migration trajectory of plastic waste in the watershed; When the microprocessor (5) detects that the flow speed of the tracking monitoring device in the water body exceeds a preset threshold range, the alarm (10) is triggered to issue an audible and visual warning.

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