Preparation method and system for dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of thin film preparation, and discloses a method and system for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal. The method includes: first, acquiring the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material; constructing an interlayer framework; forming an activated interface layer on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite through plasma treatment; coating a liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film; gradient curing based on its thickness distribution data using an ultraviolet light source to form a dimming functional layer; collecting the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities; calculating the duty cycle value of the liquid crystal molecules; configuring a transparent conductive electrode pattern accordingly; and topologically designing it as a uniquely controlled electrode array. Defect clusters are identified and repaired by calculating the electronic control adjustment value; the dimming attenuation parameters of the repaired film are analyzed; and finally, a PET-liquid crystal composite thin film preparation scheme is formulated. This invention can improve the preparation efficiency of dimming films.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method and system for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal, belonging to the field of thin film preparation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of smart dimming materials, traditional dimming films usually rely on electrochromic or polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) technology to adjust the transmittance, but they have problems such as slow response speed, high driving voltage and insufficient durability, which limit their application in scenarios such as building energy conservation and automotive glass.

[0003] Currently, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is often used as an ideal carrier for dimming films due to its advantages of being lightweight, flexible, and low-cost. However, PET alone is difficult to achieve efficient light control. Furthermore, dimming films based on PET substrates are still not stable enough in terms of long-term stability and large-scale preparation processes, which can easily lead to delamination of the dimming film, thus ultimately affecting the preparation efficiency of the dimming film. Therefore, a method for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal is needed to improve the preparation efficiency of dimming films. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal, the main purpose of which is to improve the preparation efficiency of dimming films.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal, comprising:

[0006] The transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material are obtained. Based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed. Based on the interlayer framework, the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0007] A preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film. The thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film is analyzed. Based on the thickness distribution data and combined with an ultraviolet light source, the pre-cured film is subjected to gradient curing to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0008] The transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities are collected. Based on the transmission spectrum curves, the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer is calculated. Based on the duty cycle value, the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer is configured to obtain the electrode pattern.

[0009] The electrode pattern is topologically designed to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array. The electrical control adjustment value corresponding to the uniquely controlled electrode array is calculated. Based on the electrical control adjustment value, the defect aggregation area in the dimming functional layer is identified. The interface of the defect aggregation area is repaired to obtain a repair film.

[0010] The dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film are analyzed, and a film preparation scheme for the PET-liquid crystal composite is formulated based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

[0011] Optionally, constructing the interlayer framework of the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the transmittance parameter and the phase transition temperature data includes:

[0012] Analyze the optical performance range corresponding to the transmittance parameter;

[0013] Select suitable PET substrates within the specified optical performance range;

[0014] Select the liquid crystal material with the best phase transition temperature from the phase transition temperature data;

[0015] The adaptable PET substrate and the liquid crystal performance material are stacked in a certain proportion to obtain a PET-liquid crystal composite.

[0016] Extract interlayer bonding data and composite strength index from the PET-liquid crystal composite;

[0017] Based on the interlayer bonding data and the composite strength index, the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed.

[0018] Optionally, the step of plasma treating the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the interlayer framework of the system to obtain an activated interface layer includes:

[0019] Analyze the interlayer radio frequency power corresponding to the interlayer framework of the system;

[0020] Based on the interlayer radio frequency power, the argon-oxygen mixed gas is excited to obtain a highly active free radical beam.

[0021] Based on the highly active free radical beam, the residence time of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is scanned;

[0022] Based on the residence time distribution, the dielectric constant gradient of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is monitored in real time.

[0023] Based on the dielectric constant gradient, the chemical bond breakage points on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite are mapped;

[0024] Based on the chemical bond breaking points, a hydroxyl grafting reaction is triggered on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0025] Optionally, coating the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film includes:

[0026] Adjust the preset rheological parameters corresponding to the liquid crystal dispersion;

[0027] Based on the rheological parameters, the atomization pressure and nozzle movement trajectory of the preset spraying equipment are adjusted to obtain the equipment adjustment result;

[0028] Based on the device control results, the activated interface layer is initially sprayed to obtain a liquid crystal coating.

[0029] The directional alignment response corresponding to the liquid crystal coating is triggered by ultraviolet polarized light;

[0030] Based on the directional alignment response, a preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film.

[0031] Optionally, the step of gradient curing the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and in conjunction with an ultraviolet-modulated light source to obtain a dimming functional layer includes:

[0032] Analyze the regional difference gradient corresponding to the thickness distribution data;

[0033] Based on the regional difference gradient, the irradiance zones corresponding to the ultraviolet-modulated light source are divided.

[0034] Adjust the exposure time corresponding to the ultraviolet light source within the irradiation intensity zone;

[0035] Based on the exposure time, calculate the layer crosslinking rate corresponding to the pre-cured film;

[0036] According to the layered crosslinking rate, the pre-cured film is subjected to gradient curing to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0037] Optionally, calculating the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curve includes:

[0038] The duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer is calculated using the following formula:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, This indicates the duty cycle value of the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer. This indicates the number of different electric fields of varying intensities used when acquiring the transmission spectrum curve. This indicates the quantity index corresponding to different electric field intensities. and These represent the minimum and maximum wavelengths during transmission spectroscopy measurements, respectively. Indicates the first Under an electric field strength, the wavelength is The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that when no electric field is applied (i.e., the electric field strength is 0), the wavelength is... The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The maximum intensity of transmitted light at that time. This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The minimum intensity of transmitted light.

[0041] Optionally, calculating the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array includes:

[0042] The electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array is calculated using the following formula:

[0043] ;

[0044] in, This indicates the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array. This indicates the number of electrode units in the individually controlled electrode array. Indicates the number of electrode units index. and Let represent the maximum and minimum electric field values ​​that the j-th electrode unit can withstand within its normal operating range, respectively. This indicates the number of samplings corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. This indicates the sampling index corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameter. Indicates in The sampled values ​​corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters are constantly being updated. This represents the average value of the samples corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters.

[0045] Optionally, the step of performing interface repair on the defect aggregation region to obtain a repair film includes:

[0046] Extract key morphological features from the defect cluster region;

[0047] Based on the key morphological features, the dynamic spraying parameters corresponding to the preset gradient repair material are matched.

[0048] According to the dynamic spraying parameters, a repair matrix is ​​deposited on the surface of the defect accumulation area;

[0049] The repair matrix was subjected to in-situ annealing to obtain a dense transition interface;

[0050] The dense transition interface is repaired to obtain a repair film.

[0051] Optionally, the analysis of the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film includes:

[0052] The initial transmittance of the repair film under a standard light source was measured.

[0053] Based on the initial transmittance, the attenuation level range corresponding to the repair film is divided;

[0054] Based on the attenuation level range, extract the spectral response characteristics corresponding to the repair film;

[0055] Analyze the key attenuation bands covered in the spectral response characteristics;

[0056] Based on the key attenuation band, the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film are determined.

[0057] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention also provides a system for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal, the system comprising:

[0058] The surface treatment module is used to obtain the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material. Based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, the system interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed. Based on the system interlayer framework, the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0059] A gradient curing module is used to coat the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film, analyze the thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film, and perform gradient curing on the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and in combination with an ultraviolet light source to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0060] An electrode configuration module is used to acquire the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, calculate the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curves, and configure the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer based on the duty cycle value to obtain the electrode pattern.

[0061] The interface repair module is used to perform topological design on the electrode pattern to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array, calculate the electrical control adjustment value corresponding to the uniquely controlled electrode array, identify the defect cluster area in the dimming functional layer based on the electrical control adjustment value, and perform interface repair on the defect cluster area to obtain a repair film.

[0062] The scheme formulation module is used to analyze the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, and formulate the film preparation scheme corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

[0063] Compared to the problems described in the background art, this invention, by obtaining the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material, helps to provide a scientific basis for subsequent interface treatment and film curing. This not only enhances the bonding stability between PET and the liquid crystal material and reduces delamination problems, but also optimizes the dimming film preparation process. By coating the activated interface layer with a pre-set liquid crystal dispersion, this invention obtains a pre-cured film, which fully utilizes the high surface energy and abundant active groups of the activated interface layer, ensuring that the liquid crystal dispersion adheres uniformly and firmly to the interface. This effectively avoids problems such as delamination and detachment of the dimming film during use. Furthermore, by collecting the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, this invention can intuitively present the dynamic changes in its optical performance under electric field stimulation, thus helping to... This invention helps identify potential performance defects in the dimming functional layer, providing direction for the subsequent configuration and optimization of transparent conductive electrodes, and contributing to improving the overall dimming efficiency and stability of the dimming film. Furthermore, by topologically designing the electrode pattern, this invention obtains a uniquely controlled electrode array, determining the method and area of ​​the applied electric field, influencing the arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and thus regulating the optical performance of the dimming functional layer, such as transmittance and light-blocking effect. This is a key element for achieving precise control of the dimming function. Finally, by analyzing the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, this invention can accurately determine the performance differences between the repaired and non-repaired areas, promptly identifying potential repair defects or performance risks. It also provides data support for optimizing the repair process and adjusting the repair material ratio, thereby improving the stability and durability of the repair film. Therefore, the method and system for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal provided in this invention can improve the preparation efficiency of dimming films. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modules for implementing the dimming film fabrication system based on PET and liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0067] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0068] This application provides a method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal. The execution entity of this method includes, but is not limited to, at least one electronic device configured to execute the method provided in this application, such as a server or a terminal. In other words, the method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device. The server includes, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster.

[0069] Example 1:

[0070] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal includes:

[0071] S1. Obtain the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material. Based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, construct the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite. Based on the interlayer framework, perform plasma treatment on the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0072] This invention, by obtaining the transmittance parameters of PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of liquid crystal material, helps to provide a scientific basis for subsequent interface treatment and film curing. It can not only enhance the bonding stability between PET and liquid crystal material and reduce delamination problems, but also optimize the dimming film preparation process.

[0073] The PET substrate refers to polyethylene terephthalate, a polymer material characterized by its lightweight, flexibility, strong chemical stability, and low cost. It is often manufactured into thin films and widely used in packaging, electronics, and optics, such as beverage bottles and film substrates. The light transmittance parameter refers to the proportion of light passing through the PET substrate, measuring its ability to transmit light. It reflects the transparency of the PET substrate under different wavelengths of light; a higher value indicates better light transmittance. For example, in optical displays, high-transmittance PET substrates result in clearer and brighter images. The liquid crystal material is an organic compound that exists between liquid and solid states, possessing both the fluidity of a liquid and the optical anisotropy of a crystal. Due to their anisotropic properties, liquid crystal materials undergo changes in molecular arrangement when external conditions such as electric field and temperature change, thus affecting light propagation. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) utilize liquid crystal materials to display images. The phase transition temperature data refers to the temperature at which a liquid crystal material undergoes a phase transition. Liquid crystal materials exhibit different phase states at different temperatures, such as changing from a solid state to a liquid state, or from a liquid state to a liquid state. Phase transition temperature data is crucial for the application of liquid crystal materials. For example, some liquid crystal materials undergo a phase transition between 20℃ and 30℃. In intelligent dimming films, temperature changes cause phase transitions in the liquid crystal material, thereby adjusting the film's transmittance. Optionally, the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate can be obtained using optical measuring instruments, such as spectrophotometers (e.g., PerkinElmer). The Lambda series measures the transmission spectrum in the visible light wavelength range (380-780nm) to obtain the transmittance parameter; the phase transition temperature data of liquid crystal materials can be obtained through thermal analysis techniques, such as using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, such as TA Instruments Q200) to detect the heat flux peak during heating / cooling to determine the transition temperature data of crystalline to nematic / isotropic phases.

[0074] Furthermore, based on the transmittance parameters and phase transition temperature data, the present invention constructs the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite, which can accurately grasp the compatibility relationship between the properties of PET and liquid crystal materials, optimize the combination of the two at the microscopic level, effectively avoid delamination problems, and significantly improve the preparation efficiency and finished product quality of the dimming film.

[0075] The PET-liquid crystal composite refers to a novel functional material system composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a substrate carrier and liquid crystal material. The PET substrate, with its advantages of being lightweight, flexible, and low-cost, provides a stable adhesion and support structure for the liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal material, by utilizing its characteristic of changing molecular arrangement under changes in electric field and temperature to adjust light transmittance, endows the composite with dimming function. The two combine through physical or chemical interactions to form a composite with a specific interlayer structure, breaking through the performance limitations of single materials and applicable to fields such as intelligent dimming glass for buildings and automatic dimming windows for automobiles. The interlayer framework of the system refers to the structural relationship and arrangement between the constituent layers designed based on the interlayer bonding data and composite strength index of the PET-liquid crystal composite, guiding the composite's preparation process, much like designing the framework structure of a bridge. The interlayer framework of the system lays the foundation for the performance of the dimming film.

[0076] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of constructing the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the transmittance parameter and the phase transition temperature data includes:

[0077] Analyze the optical performance range corresponding to the transmittance parameter;

[0078] Select suitable PET substrates within the specified optical performance range;

[0079] Select the liquid crystal material with the best phase transition temperature from the phase transition temperature data;

[0080] The adaptable PET substrate and the liquid crystal performance material are stacked in a certain proportion to obtain a PET-liquid crystal composite.

[0081] Extract interlayer bonding data and composite strength index from the PET-liquid crystal composite;

[0082] Based on the interlayer bonding data and the composite strength index, the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed.

[0083] The optical performance range refers to the range of light transmittance of PET substrates to different wavelengths of light, defined by transmittance parameters. This range encompasses indicators such as transmittance and spectral absorption characteristics, reflecting the optical performance of the PET substrate. For example, a PET substrate with a transmittance of 85%-92% in the visible light band falls within its optical performance range. The compatible PET substrate refers to a PET material whose performance indicators meet the requirements for dimming film preparation within a specific optical performance range. It possesses suitable transmittance, flexibility, and mechanical strength. For instance, PET substrates used in high-end displays require high transmittance and low haze, making them compatible PET substrates. The liquid crystal performance material refers to a liquid crystal compound that can adjust its optical performance through changes in molecular arrangement within a certain phase transition temperature range. It can change its light transmittance under external stimuli such as electric fields and temperature. Common examples include nematic liquid crystals, which can be used in smart dimming glasses to achieve light adjustment. The PET-liquid crystal composite refers to a material system formed by combining compatible PET substrates and liquid crystal performance materials in a specific ratio and manner. The two materials complement each other, possessing both the supporting properties of PET and the dimming function of liquid crystal. For example, the PET-liquid crystal composite in architectural smart glass can adjust the light transmittance to 0 as needed; the interlayer bonding data refers to quantitative information reflecting the degree of interaction between layers after the PET substrate and liquid crystal material are composited, including parameters such as interfacial tension and adhesion. For example, the interlayer adhesion of a certain PET-liquid crystal composite is measured to be X Newtons / square meter, which is the interlayer bonding data; the composite strength index is a quantitative index obtained by comprehensively considering factors such as the interlayer bonding force and mechanical strength of the PET-liquid crystal composite, used to evaluate the overall firmness of the composite. If a composite has a high calculated composite strength index, it indicates that it is less likely to experience delamination or other problems during use.

[0084] Furthermore, the analysis of the optical performance range corresponding to the transmittance parameter can be achieved through a dynamic threshold method, such as setting transmittance grade thresholds based on the ISO 13468 standard (e.g., >90% is grade A, 80%-90% is grade B), ultimately obtaining the optical performance range; the selection of suitable PET substrates within the optical performance range can be achieved through database queries, such as using SQL queries to filter PET models that meet the transmittance range in a material database (e.g., MatWeb), ultimately obtaining suitable PET substrates; the selection of the liquid crystal performance material with the optimal temperature from the phase transition temperature data can be achieved through thermodynamic simulation, such as using molecular dynamics software (e.g., LAMMPS) to simulate the phase transition stability of different liquid crystal materials, ultimately obtaining the liquid crystal performance material; the proportional stacking of the suitable PET substrate and the liquid crystal performance material can be achieved through experimental design methods, such as using finite element analysis software (e.g., COMSOL) to simulate the interfacial stress of different stacking orders, ultimately obtaining the PET-liquid crystal composite; the extraction of interlayer bonding data and composite strength index from the PET-liquid crystal composite can be achieved through image analysis methods, such as using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, e.g., FEI). Quanta images are combined with ImageJ software to quantify the interface bonding degree, ultimately obtaining interlayer bonding data and composite strength index; the construction of the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite can be achieved through parametric modeling, such as: the parametric design module of CAD software (such as SolidWorks) defines the interlayer thickness and spacing rules, ultimately obtaining the interlayer framework of the system.

[0085] Based on the interlayer framework of the system, this invention performs plasma treatment on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite to obtain an activated interface layer. This layer can precisely act on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite, effectively removing surface impurities and contaminants through high-energy particle bombardment. At the same time, it introduces a large number of active groups, which can significantly improve the surface energy of the surface layer and create better adhesion conditions for subsequent liquid crystal dispersion coating.

[0086] The activated interface layer refers to the interface layer with high surface energy and abundant active groups formed after the PET-liquid crystal composite surface is treated with plasma and subjected to chemical bond breaking and hydroxyl grafting reaction. This interface layer can significantly enhance the adhesion to subsequent coatings such as liquid crystal dispersions and improve the overall performance of the dimming film.

[0087] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing plasma treatment on the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the interlayer framework of the system to obtain an activated interface layer includes:

[0088] Analyze the interlayer radio frequency power corresponding to the interlayer framework of the system;

[0089] Based on the interlayer radio frequency power, the argon-oxygen mixed gas is excited to obtain a highly active free radical beam.

[0090] Based on the highly active free radical beam, the residence time of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is scanned;

[0091] Based on the residence time distribution, the dielectric constant gradient of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is monitored in real time.

[0092] Based on the dielectric constant gradient, the chemical bond breakage points on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite are mapped;

[0093] Based on the chemical bond breaking points, a hydroxyl grafting reaction is triggered on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0094] The interlayer radio frequency power refers to the radio frequency energy parameter used to excite the gas to generate plasma during plasma treatment. It determines the plasma generation efficiency and activity level. For example, different PET-liquid crystal composite structures require specific interlayer radio frequency power; excessively high or low power will affect the plasma treatment effect. The argon-oxygen mixed gas refers to a gas composed of argon and oxygen in a certain proportion. Argon is stable and can generate plasma, while oxygen can participate in chemical reactions. When mixed and excited by radio frequency power, it is used for surface treatment of PET-liquid crystal composites. For example, a common argon-oxygen mixing ratio is 7:3, which can effectively remove surface impurities and introduce active groups. The high-activity free radical beam refers to the highly chemically active free radical particle stream generated after the argon-oxygen mixed gas is excited by radio frequency power. These free radicals can quickly react with the surface material of the PET-liquid crystal composite. For example, oxygen free radicals can oxidize the surface material. The treatment process aims to remove organic pollutants, making them easier to remove. The residence time refers to the time the high-activity free radical beam stays in different areas of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface. This affects the treatment level and uniformity of the effect in each area. For example, when treating a large composite area, the residence time needs to be reasonably controlled to avoid over- or under-treatment in some areas. The dielectric constant gradient refers to the trend of dielectric constant changes at different locations on the PET-liquid crystal composite surface. This reflects changes in the surface material structure and composition. During plasma treatment, the dielectric constant gradient changes accordingly with changes in the surface material, serving as a basis for judging the treatment effect. The chemical bond breakage point refers to the specific location where chemical bonds in the PET-liquid crystal composite surface molecules break under the action of the high-activity free radical beam. These breakage points create conditions for subsequent chemical reactions. For example, some carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds on the surface polymer chains break under free radical attack, forming active sites.

[0095] Furthermore, the analysis of the interlayer RF power corresponding to the interlayer framework of the system can be achieved using a power detector, such as measuring the RF loss of each layer using a vector network analyzer (e.g., Keysight PNA series) to ultimately obtain the interlayer RF power; the excitation treatment of the argon-oxygen mixed gas can be achieved using a plasma generator or microwave excitation device, such as using an RF plasma source (e.g., 13.56MHz). A high-activity free radical beam is obtained by ionizing a mixed gas with CCP (compound ionization) or generating high-density plasma through an ECR microwave plasma system (such as the ASTeX series). The residence time of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface can be scanned using a high-speed imaging system, such as capturing the beam scanning trajectory with a Phantom high-speed camera (such as the VEO series), thus obtaining the residence time. Real-time monitoring of the dielectric constant gradient of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface can be achieved using an impedance analyzer, such as measuring surface impedance changes with a broadband impedance analyzer (such as the Agilent 4294A), thus obtaining the dielectric constant gradient. Mapping the chemical bond breakage points of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface can be achieved using a Raman imaging system, such as plotting the spatial distribution of bond breakage regions using a confocal Raman microscope (such as the RenishawinVia), thus obtaining the chemical bond breakage points. Triggering the hydroxyl grafting reaction of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface can be achieved through ultraviolet light initiation or plasma activation, such as using an excimer ultraviolet lamp (such as a 172nm lamp). The surface free radical reaction is excited by Xe2* light source, or the surface hydrophilic modification is induced by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (such as PlasmaTreatOpenAir system), and finally an activated interface layer is obtained.

[0096] S2. A preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film. The thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film is analyzed. Based on the thickness distribution data and combined with an ultraviolet light source, the pre-cured film is gradient-cured to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0097] This invention obtains a pre-cured film by coating the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion. This fully utilizes the high surface energy and abundant active groups of the activated interface layer, allowing the liquid crystal dispersion to adhere evenly and firmly to the interface, effectively avoiding problems such as delamination and peeling of the dimming film during use.

[0098] The pre-cured film refers to a film formed by coating a liquid crystal dispersion with a liquid crystal after the liquid crystal coating has been treated with ultraviolet polarized light and then initially cured. It has certain physical strength and dimming characteristics and is a precursor material for preparing a dimming functional layer.

[0099] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of coating the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film includes:

[0100] Adjust the preset rheological parameters corresponding to the liquid crystal dispersion;

[0101] Based on the rheological parameters, the atomization pressure and nozzle movement trajectory of the preset spraying equipment are adjusted to obtain the equipment adjustment result;

[0102] Based on the device control results, the activated interface layer is initially sprayed to obtain a liquid crystal coating.

[0103] The directional alignment response corresponding to the liquid crystal coating is triggered by ultraviolet polarized light;

[0104] Based on the directional alignment response, a preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film.

[0105] The rheological parameters refer to the flow and deformation characteristics of the liquid crystal dispersion under stress, including viscosity, thixotropy, and elastic modulus. These parameters affect the coating performance of the dispersion. For example, liquid crystal dispersions with lower viscosity have better flowability and are easier to coat evenly. The equipment control result refers to a set of equipment operating parameters obtained by adjusting the atomization pressure and nozzle movement trajectory of the spraying equipment based on the rheological parameters of the liquid crystal dispersion, ensuring that the spraying process is precise and controllable. For example, the atomization pressure is set to X Pa, and the nozzle moves along a specific curved trajectory. The liquid crystal coating refers to the liquid film layer formed by attaching the liquid crystal dispersion to the activated interface layer through preliminary spraying. It is the prototype of the pre-cured film, and its uniformity affects the performance of the final product. The directional alignment response refers to the phenomenon that the liquid crystal molecules are ordered under the action of the light field when the liquid crystal coating is irradiated by ultraviolet polarized light, which lays the foundation for the subsequent formation of a stable dimming structure. For example, liquid crystal molecules are neatly aligned in a certain direction under specific polarized light.

[0106] Furthermore, the adjustment of the preset rheological parameters corresponding to the liquid crystal dispersion can be achieved through intelligent control algorithms, such as dynamically adjusting the dispersant ratio based on a PID control algorithm (e.g., the PID Toolkit in LabVIEW) to ultimately obtain optimized rheological parameters (viscosity, thixotropic index, etc.); the control of the preset atomization pressure and nozzle movement trajectory of the spraying equipment can be achieved through machine vision feedback, such as using a ROS (Robot Operating System) path planning algorithm combined with a CCD camera to correct the spray gun trajectory in real time, ultimately obtaining precise equipment control results (pressure fluctuation < ±0.5 kPa, trajectory deviation < 50 μm); the initial spraying of the activated interface layer can be achieved through an ultrasonic atomization device, such as using an ultrasonic atomizer (e.g., Sono-Tek ExactaCoat) to control the dispersion particle size within the range of 10-20 μm, ultimately obtaining a pre-coating with a thickness tolerance ≤ 1 μm; the triggering of the directional alignment response of the liquid crystal coating using ultraviolet polarized light can be achieved through a polarization optical system, such as using a Glan-Taylor prism. The Prism excimer light source is combined to form a linear polarization field, which ultimately achieves the directional alignment of liquid crystal molecules along a preset direction (orientation degree > 90%). The coating of the activated interface layer with the preset liquid crystal dispersion can be achieved by pneumatic spraying and coordinated control, such as by using a three-axis linkage spraying robot (such as ABBIRB 5500) in conjunction with a mass flow meter (MFC) to control the liquid film thickness, and finally obtain a functional coating with uniform thickness (CV < 3%).

[0107] By analyzing the thickness distribution data of the pre-cured film, this invention can promptly identify unevenness issues during the coating process, avoiding poor subsequent gradient curing effects due to localized excessive thickness or thinness. Simultaneously, it provides a quantitative basis for adjusting coating process parameters, ensuring uniform pre-cured film thickness and thus improving the preparation quality of the dimming functional layer.

[0108] The thickness distribution data refers to the set of thickness values ​​at different locations on the surface of the pre-cured film obtained by high-precision measuring equipment (such as laser thickness gauges, interferometric thickness gauges, etc.). It records in detail the thickness of the film at various points or regions in the transverse and longitudinal directions, presented in the form of data matrices, images, etc. For example, a pre-cured film may have a thickness of 0.12 mm at the edge and 0.10 mm in the center. These specific values ​​and their distribution constitute the thickness distribution data, which can intuitively reflect the uniformity of the film thickness. Optionally, the analysis of the thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film can be achieved through machine learning algorithms, such as processing the raw data collected by the laser displacement sensor using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model (such as the U-Net network built based on the TensorFlow framework) to finally obtain thickness distribution data including the mean thickness, standard deviation, and uniformity coefficient.

[0109] Furthermore, based on the thickness distribution data and combined with an ultraviolet light source, the present invention performs gradient curing on the pre-cured film to obtain a dimming functional layer. This ensures that the curing degree of each part of the film is consistent, avoiding curing defects caused by uneven thickness. At the same time, it promotes the orderly arrangement of liquid crystal molecules, effectively improving the optical performance and stability of the dimming functional layer, enabling the dimming film to achieve more precise and efficient light transmittance adjustment.

[0110] The ultraviolet-modulated light source refers to a light source device that can flexibly adjust parameters such as the output ultraviolet light intensity, wavelength, and irradiation time. For example, it can enhance the light intensity and extend the irradiation time for thicker areas, and reduce the intensity and shorten the time for thinner areas. Common examples include adjustable-power ultraviolet LED light sources or ultraviolet mercury lamps equipped with filters and light intensity regulators. Through intelligent control, it can achieve differentiated ultraviolet light output required for gradient curing, providing precise energy input for the preparation of the dimming functional layer. The dimming functional layer refers to a key functional layer with dimming performance formed after the pre-cured film undergoes gradient curing treatment based on thickness distribution data and the ultraviolet-modulated light source. The liquid crystal molecules in this layer are arranged in an orderly manner, which can effectively adjust the light transmittance when external conditions such as electric field and temperature change.

[0111] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of gradient curing the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and in conjunction with an ultraviolet light source to obtain a dimming functional layer includes:

[0112] Analyze the regional difference gradient corresponding to the thickness distribution data;

[0113] Based on the regional difference gradient, the irradiance zones corresponding to the ultraviolet-modulated light source are divided.

[0114] Adjust the exposure time corresponding to the ultraviolet light source within the irradiation intensity zone;

[0115] Based on the exposure time, calculate the layer crosslinking rate corresponding to the pre-cured film;

[0116] According to the layered crosslinking rate, the pre-cured film is subjected to gradient curing to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0117] The regional difference gradient refers to the degree and trend of thickness variation between different regions in the pre-cured film thickness distribution data. It is calculated mathematically to determine the ratio of thickness differences between adjacent regions, thus quantifying the film thickness unevenness. For example, the rate of thickness change from the film edge to the center reflects the regional difference gradient. The irradiation intensity zoning refers to dividing the irradiation area of ​​the UV-modulated light source into multiple intervals with different intensity levels based on the regional difference gradient. Each interval corresponds to a specific UV irradiation intensity, ensuring that different thickness regions of the film receive appropriate energy input. For example, the film can be divided into high, medium, and low irradiation intensity levels. The pre-cured film is divided into zones of varying thicknesses. The exposure time refers to the duration of ultraviolet light irradiating a specific area of ​​the pre-cured film within each irradiation intensity zone. This exposure time works in conjunction with the irradiation intensity to control the film curing process. For example, a shorter exposure time is set for high irradiation intensity zones, while a longer exposure time is set for low irradiation intensity zones. The layer crosslinking rate refers to the rate at which different layers of the pre-cured film undergo crosslinking reactions under ultraviolet light irradiation. This rate is obtained by calculating the change in the degree of crosslinking of each layer of the film per unit time. It is used to reflect the speed of the crosslinking reaction during the curing process to guide the precise implementation of the gradient curing process.

[0118] Furthermore, the analysis of the regional difference gradient corresponding to the thickness distribution data can be achieved through gradient field analysis, such as calculating the thickness change rate matrix using MATLAB's gradient function to obtain regional difference gradient data containing the maximum gradient value and gradient direction. The division of the irradiance intensity zones corresponding to the ultraviolet adjustable light source can be achieved using optical simulation tools, such as simulating the irradiance distribution and dividing equal irradiance regions using LightTools optical software to obtain clearly defined irradiance intensity zones (e.g., high / medium / low intensity bands). The adjustment of the exposure time corresponding to the ultraviolet light source within the irradiance intensity zones can be achieved using reinforcement learning algorithms, such as training an agent using the DQN (Deep Q-Network) algorithm. The exposure strategy for each zone is optimized to obtain a precise exposure time that matches the thickness gradient (control accuracy ±0.1 seconds). The calculation of the layer crosslinking rate corresponding to the pre-cured film can be achieved through a kinetic model, such as establishing a curing degree-time relationship equation based on the Kamal-Sourour kinetic model (fitting DSC data using Origin software), and finally obtaining the crosslinking rate curves of different depth layers (unit: % / s). The gradient curing of the pre-cured film can be achieved through light intensity gradient control, such as constructing a continuously changing UV intensity field using a linear gradient filter (such as Thorlabs' ND filter group), and finally obtaining a dimming functional layer with gradient refractive index characteristics (thickness gradient <5%).

[0119] S3. Acquire the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities. Calculate the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curves. Configure the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer based on the duty cycle value to obtain the electrode pattern.

[0120] This invention, by collecting the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, can intuitively present the dynamic changes in its optical performance under electric field stimulation. This can help discover potential performance defects of the dimming functional layer, provide direction for the subsequent configuration and optimization of transparent conductive electrodes, and help improve the overall dimming efficiency and stability of the dimming film.

[0121] Here, different electric field intensities refer to a series of gradient electric field values ​​applied to the dimming functional layer during the experiment or test, for example, gradually increasing from 0V / mm to 10V / mm, with an electric field intensity level set at 1V / mm intervals. By changing the magnitude of the electric field intensity, the performance of the dimming functional layer under different electric field environments is explored. The transmission spectrum curve refers to the relationship curve between the transmitted light intensity and the light wavelength under different electric field intensities within a specific wavelength range. This curve uses the wavelength of light on the horizontal axis and the transmitted light intensity on the vertical axis, with each electric field intensity corresponding to a curve. Through these curves, the changes in the transmittance of the dimming functional layer to various wavelengths of light under different electric field intensities can be observed intuitively. Optionally, the acquisition of the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities can be achieved using finite element simulation algorithm tools. For example, after calibrating the electric field distribution using finite element simulation tools, the local spectral response can be obtained through the region scanning mode, and finally, a spatially resolved transmission spectrum curve dataset can be generated.

[0122] Furthermore, based on the transmission spectrum curve, the present invention calculates the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer, which can quantify the arrangement state and distribution density of the liquid crystal molecules under the action of an electric field. This can accurately reflect the microstructural characteristics of the dimming functional layer, provide key parameters for the configuration of transparent conductive electrodes, and help optimize electrode pattern design.

[0123] The duty cycle value is a quantitative indicator used to reflect the overall arrangement and distribution characteristics of liquid crystal molecules under different electric field intensities. It can help understand the degree to which the liquid crystal molecules change the light transmission under the influence of the electric field, and thus analyze the optical performance of the dimming functional layer.

[0124] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curve includes:

[0125] The duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer is calculated using the following formula:

[0126] ;

[0127] in, This indicates the duty cycle value of the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer. This indicates the number of different electric fields of varying intensities used when acquiring the transmission spectrum curve. This indicates the quantity index corresponding to different electric field intensities. and These represent the minimum and maximum wavelengths during transmission spectroscopy measurements, respectively. Indicates the first Under an electric field strength, the wavelength is The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that when no electric field is applied (i.e., the electric field strength is 0), the wavelength is... The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The maximum intensity of transmitted light at that time. This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The minimum intensity of transmitted light.

[0128] In detail, the minimum and maximum wavelengths define the wavelength range covered during transmission spectral measurements. Different wavelengths of light interact differently with liquid crystal molecules; determining this range ensures the acquisition of complete and effective spectral information. The transmitted light intensity refers to the intensity of light passing through the dimming layer at a specific wavelength. and under specific electric field strength conditions ( Corresponding to the Each electric field strength, The energy intensity of light (when the electric field strength is 0) is a key physical quantity reflecting the light transmittance of the dimming functional layer. The change in transmitted light intensity under different electric field strengths and wavelengths directly reflects the modulation effect of liquid crystal molecules on light; the maximum intensity refers to the intensity at a specific wavelength during the entire measurement process. The maximum value among all transmitted light intensities measured under different electric field strengths represents the maximum light transmittance achievable by the dimming layer at that wavelength, and is an important reference value for analyzing the range and extent of transmitted light intensity variation; the minimum intensity refers to the minimum value for a specific wavelength during the entire measurement process. The minimum value among the transmitted light intensities measured under all different electric field strengths reflects the lower limit of the light transmittance of the dimming functional layer at that wavelength, and together with the maximum value, it defines the fluctuation range of transmitted light intensity under different electric fields.

[0129] Furthermore, the numerator of the above formula, Indicates the wavelength range (Minimum wavelength) to Perform integration within the range. It is the first The wavelength is given by the electric field strength. The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer The wavelength is when no electric field is applied. The absolute value of the difference between the transmitted light intensity at each electric field strength and the inductance of the inductance is calculated and integrated to quantify the total change in transmitted light intensity over the entire wavelength range under each electric field strength relative to the state without an electric field. Summing up this total change under different electric field strengths (using the summation sign mentioned earlier) yields a comprehensive measure of the impact of different electric field strengths on the transmitted light intensity of the dimming layer; its denominator... middle, The wavelength is at all electric field intensities throughout the entire measurement process. The maximum intensity of transmitted light at that time. The corresponding minimum intensity is obtained by first calculating the difference between the two and squaring it, and then integrating it over the entire wavelength range. This yields a measure of the degree of fluctuation in transmitted light intensity over the entire wavelength range under all electric field intensities. Multiplying by n and then taking the square root is to normalize the molecular results and avoid the lack of comparability of calculation results due to differences in the number of electric fields and the range of transmitted light intensity fluctuations.

[0130] Based on the duty cycle value, this invention configures the transparent conductive electrodes corresponding to the dimming functional layer to obtain the electrode pattern. The electrodes can be precisely laid out according to the distribution characteristics of liquid crystal molecules, which can optimize the electric field distribution, improve dimming uniformity and response speed, avoid excessively strong or weak local electric fields, extend the service life of the dimming functional layer, and thus provide a precise design solution for the future.

[0131] The electrode pattern refers to the geometric shape, line direction, and distribution pattern formed by the transparent conductive electrodes on the dimming functional layer according to specific design rules. It determines the way and area of ​​the applied electric field, affects the arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and thus regulates the optical performance of the dimming functional layer, such as transmittance and light-blocking effect. It is a key element for achieving precise control of the dimming function. Optionally, the transparent conductive electrodes corresponding to the dimming functional layer can be configured by photolithography-etching process, such as using a mask alignment exposure machine (such as SUSS MA6) with ITO etching solution (such as potassium ferricyanide system), and photolithographically patterning the electrode pattern (line width ≥ 20 μm) designed by CAD, and finally obtaining a transparent electrode pattern with sheet resistance ≤ 100 Ω / sq.

[0132] S4. Perform topological design on the electrode pattern to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array, calculate the electrical control adjustment value corresponding to the uniquely controlled electrode array, identify the defect cluster area in the dimming functional layer based on the electrical control adjustment value, perform interface repair on the defect cluster area, and obtain a repair film.

[0133] This invention obtains a uniquely controlled electrode array by topologically designing the electrode pattern, which determines the method and area of ​​applying the electric field, affects the arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and thus regulates the optical performance of the dimming functional layer, such as transmittance and light-blocking effect. This is a key element for achieving precise control of the dimming function.

[0134] The individually controlled electrode array refers to an array structure composed of multiple independently controllable electrode units. These electrode units can be individually adjusted and can be subjected to electrical signals of different intensities or waveforms. In applications such as dimming, by independently controlling each electrode unit, fine adjustment of different regions of the dimming functional layer can be achieved, so that light presents differentiated transmission or blocking effects at different positions, meeting diverse and personalized dimming needs. Optionally, the topology design of the electrode pattern can be achieved by deep learning-assisted design methods, such as training a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN, based on the TensorFlow framework), inputting a heat map of electric field intensity distribution as a condition, automatically generating a fractal electrode pattern with regional adaptive characteristics, and forming a performance-optimized individually controlled electrode array after 3D printing verification.

[0135] Furthermore, by calculating the electrical control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array, the present invention can accurately grasp the required electrical signal intensity and change pattern of each electrode unit, so that each electrode unit can exert the optimal control effect, avoid liquid crystal molecule disorder caused by improper electrical signals, and improve the stability and reliability of the dimming film.

[0136] The electronic control adjustment value refers to the value used to guide the application of appropriate electrical signals to the individually controlled electrode array. It takes into account the differences in electrical characteristics of each electrode unit in the individually controlled electrode array, as well as the fluctuation of the electronic control adjustment parameters. It is a key parameter for achieving precise control of the dimming function layer.

[0137] As an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array includes:

[0138] The electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array is calculated using the following formula:

[0139] ;

[0140] in, This indicates the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array. This indicates the number of electrode units in the individually controlled electrode array. Indicates the number of electrode units index. and Let represent the maximum and minimum electric field values ​​that the j-th electrode unit can withstand within its normal operating range, respectively. This indicates the number of samplings corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. This indicates the sampling index corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameter. Indicates in The sampled values ​​corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters are constantly being updated. This represents the average value of the samples corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters.

[0141] In detail, the electrode unit refers to the basic component of the individually controlled electrode array, which is the smallest independently controllable electrode structure. Each electrode unit can individually receive and respond to electrical signals. By applying different electrical signals to different electrode units, fine-tuning of different areas of the dimming functional layer can be achieved to meet diverse dimming needs. The maximum electric field value refers to the maximum electric field strength that the k-th electrode unit can withstand within its normal operating range without damage or severe performance degradation. The minimum electric field value refers to the minimum electric field strength required for the normal operation of the electrode unit. Below this value, the electrode unit may not be able to effectively drive the liquid crystal molecules to achieve the expected dimming effect. The electronic control adjustment parameters refer to physical quantities related to the electronic signal adjustment of the individually controlled electrode array, such as voltage, current, and frequency. The sampled value refers to the value at a specific moment. The values ​​obtained by measuring the electronic control adjustment parameters are obtained by sampling the electronic control adjustment parameters multiple times over a period of time. These sampled values ​​reflect the changes of the parameters over time. The average value of the samples refers to the value calculated by arithmetically averaging the electronic control adjustment parameter values ​​obtained from multiple samplings. It represents the overall average level of the electronic control adjustment parameters during the sampling period and is used to measure the stability of the parameters.

[0142] Based on the electronic control adjustment value, this invention identifies defect clusters in the dimming functional layer, which helps to detect potential quality problems in advance and avoid uneven dimming and performance degradation caused by defects. It can guide targeted repairs or process improvements, improve product yield, and thus enhance the overall reliability and stability of the dimming film.

[0143] The defect cluster area refers to a region in the dimming functional layer where, due to factors such as material defects, manufacturing process deviations, and unreasonable electrode layout, the liquid crystal molecules are disordered and the electric field distribution is abnormal, resulting in concentrated deviations in optical performance (such as transmittance and light-blocking effect). In this region, the dimming function often fails to meet the expected standards, affecting the overall performance and use effect of the dimming film. Optionally, the identification of the defect cluster area in the dimming functional layer can be achieved by a machine vision inspection system, such as using a high-resolution industrial camera with a coaxial light source, and using image processing algorithms in the OpenCV library (such as Canny edge detection + morphological operations) to identify micron-level defects, ultimately generating a defect distribution heat map and marking the cluster area.

[0144] Furthermore, by performing interface repair on the defect-accumulating areas, this invention obtains a repaired film, which can effectively improve the optical uniformity of the dimming functional layer, solve problems such as abnormal light transmission, and enhance the overall dimming effect. It can also enhance film stability, prevent performance degradation caused by defect expansion, and extend service life.

[0145] The repair film refers to the dimming functional layer film obtained after a series of repair operations (including feature extraction, spraying repair matrix, annealing, etc.) on the defect accumulation area. Its optical performance and physical stability are improved, the abnormal condition of the defect area is effectively repaired, and the film is restored to or close to the expected normal working state to meet the usage requirements.

[0146] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing interface repair on the defect aggregation region to obtain a repair film includes:

[0147] Extract key morphological features from the defect cluster region;

[0148] Based on the key morphological features, the dynamic spraying parameters corresponding to the preset gradient repair material are matched.

[0149] According to the dynamic spraying parameters, a repair matrix is ​​deposited on the surface of the defect accumulation area;

[0150] The repair matrix was subjected to in-situ annealing to obtain a dense transition interface;

[0151] The dense transition interface is repaired to obtain a repair film.

[0152] The key morphological features refer to the representative geometric shape, size, surface undulation, and boundary contour of the defect cluster area. These features reflect the specific morphology of the defect, such as whether it is a hole, crack, or protrusion. The pre-set gradient repair materials refer to a series of pre-prepared repair materials with different component ratios and gradient physicochemical properties. Their composition and performance are designed to match and repair defects of different types and degrees. For example, some materials can fill voids, while others can improve surface smoothness. Effective repair of the defect cluster area can be achieved through reasonable selection. The dynamic spraying parameters refer to the parameters used when spraying the repair materials using spraying equipment. A series of adjustable parameters are involved in the operation, including spraying pressure, nozzle movement speed, spraying flow rate, and atomization degree. These parameters need to be matched and adjusted according to the key morphological characteristics of the defect accumulation area to ensure that the repair material can be uniformly and accurately deposited on the surface of the defect area to achieve a good repair effect. The repair matrix refers to the initial material deposited on the surface of the defect accumulation area through dynamic spraying. It is the basis of the repair process. Subsequent processing causes it to undergo physical or chemical changes to gradually achieve the repair of defects, such as fusion with the original film material and filling defect spaces. The dense transition interface refers to a tightly structured and uniform transition region formed after the repair matrix is ​​annealed in situ. The in-situ annealing process rearranges the atoms or molecules of the repair matrix, reduces porosity and defects, enhances the bonding force with the original film material, and forms a transitional and stable interface layer, laying the foundation for the final achievement of good interface repair.

[0153] Furthermore, the extraction of key morphological features in the defect cluster area can be achieved through principal component analysis algorithms, such as the Scikit-learn algorithm, to extract key morphological features such as defect depth and edge sharpness (accuracy ±5nm); the matching of dynamic spraying parameters corresponding to the preset gradient repair material can be achieved through reinforcement learning algorithms, such as training an agent to dynamically adjust parameters using the PPO algorithm (implemented in TensorFlow), ultimately outputting a dynamic spraying parameter combination including flow rate, temperature, and moving speed; the deposition of the repair matrix on the surface of the defect cluster area can be achieved through electro-spraying technology, such as using an nScrypt 3Dn-300 micro-spraying system to precisely control the deposition amount of repair material (such as SiO2-TiO2 sol) (0.1-1μL / mm²), in conjunction with an infrared thermal imager (FLIR). The A655sc) monitors the film formation process in real time, ultimately obtaining a repair matrix with a thickness uniformity >95%. The in-situ annealing of the repair matrix can be achieved through microwave heat treatment, such as gradient heating in a microwave sintering furnace under nitrogen protection (200-500℃ / 10min), ultimately forming a dense transition interface with an interfacial diffusion layer thickness <100nm. The interface repair of the dense transition interface can be achieved through plasma activation, such as surface grafting modification through atmospheric pressure plasma, ultimately obtaining a repair film with a surface roughness Ra <10nm and adhesion >5B (ASTM D3359).

[0154] S5. Analyze the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, and formulate a film preparation scheme for the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

[0155] By analyzing the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, this invention can accurately determine the performance difference between the repaired and non-repaired areas, and promptly identify potential repair defects or performance hazards. It can also provide data support for optimizing the repair process and adjusting the ratio of repair materials, thereby improving the stability and durability of the repair film.

[0156] The dimming attenuation parameters refer to a series of indicators that can quantitatively describe the degree of dimming performance attenuation of the repair film, obtained by comprehensively analyzing relevant information such as key attenuation bands. These parameters may include transmittance attenuation rate and attenuation speed in specific bands.

[0157] As an embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film includes:

[0158] The initial transmittance of the repair film under a standard light source was measured.

[0159] Based on the initial transmittance, the attenuation level range corresponding to the repair film is divided;

[0160] Based on the attenuation level range, extract the spectral response characteristics corresponding to the repair film;

[0161] Analyze the key attenuation bands covered in the spectral response characteristics;

[0162] Based on the key attenuation band, the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film are determined.

[0163] The initial transmittance refers to the percentage of light passing through the repair film under standard light source illumination without any use or aging tests. It is a fundamental indicator for measuring the initial optical performance of the repair film, reflecting its ability to transmit light in its current state. The attenuation level range refers to dividing the attenuation of the repair film's dimming performance into multiple ranges based on the initial transmittance. By setting a reasonable range of transmittance variation, the attenuation of the film is graded, facilitating a direct assessment and comparison of the performance attenuation in different regions or between different repair films. The spectral response characteristics refer to the variation patterns and characteristics of the transmittance or other optical parameters of the repair film under illumination of different wavelengths of light. It describes the film's response to different wavelengths of light and includes optical performance information across the entire spectral range. The key attenuation band refers to the specific wavelength range extracted from the spectral response characteristics that has the most significant impact on the attenuation of the repair film's dimming performance. Within these bands, the transmittance of the film changes significantly, and the dimming performance is greatly affected. Identifying the key attenuation band helps to accurately locate the main spectral regions causing dimming attenuation.

[0164] Furthermore, the detection of the initial transmittance of the repair film under a standard light source can be achieved using a spectrophotometer system, such as: using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer equipped with a D65 standard light source, performing a full-band scan in the wavelength range of 380-780nm according to the ASTM D1003 standard, measuring the total transmittance through an integrating sphere attachment, and finally outputting the initial transmittance (T%±0.5%); the division of the attenuation level intervals corresponding to the repair film can be achieved using a dynamic clustering algorithm, such as: using the DBSCAN density clustering algorithm to automatically classify the transmittance dataset from the 1000-hour accelerated aging test, combined with ISO The 9050 standard sets threshold boundaries, ultimately obtaining attenuation level ranges including Grade A (attenuation <5%), Grade B (5-10%), and Grade C (>10%). The extraction of the spectral response features corresponding to the repaired film can be achieved through wavelet transform analysis. For example, Morlet wavelet transform can be applied to process the raw spectral data collected by the spectrophotometer, extracting parameters such as amplitude and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of characteristic peaks in the 400-700 nm band, ultimately constructing a spectral response feature vector containing eight dimensions. The analysis of the key attenuation bands covered in the spectral response features can be achieved through principal component regression, such as using the PLS regression algorithm to establish a mapping between spectral features and aging time. The relationship was analyzed by screening characteristic bands with VIP>1.5 through variable importance projection (VIP) values, and finally 450-480nm (blue light band) and 620-650nm (red light band) were determined as key attenuation bands. The dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film can be determined by a multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as: based on the NSGA-III algorithm (PyMOO framework), simultaneously optimizing indicators such as transmittance attenuation rate (<3% / year), haze change (<1%) and color difference ΔE (<0.5), and determining the optimal solution through Pareto front analysis, and finally outputting a dimming attenuation parameter set including attenuation coefficient (β), stability index (SI) and color shift factor.

[0165] Based on the dimming attenuation parameters, this invention formulates a thin film preparation scheme for the PET-liquid crystal composite, which improves the stability of the film during long-term use and helps to prepare PET-liquid crystal composite films with better dimming performance and longer service life, ensuring that the prepared film has reliable and long-lasting dimming effect in practical applications.

[0166] The aforementioned film preparation scheme refers to a systematic technical plan and operational guide, which comprehensively covers the entire process from raw material selection and proportion setting to the determination of production process parameters, processing flow arrangement, and quality inspection and control. Based on performance indicators such as dimming attenuation parameters, it clarifies the specific models and mixing ratios of PET substrate and liquid crystal material, specifies the temperature, pressure, and speed parameters of key processes such as coating, curing, and lamination, and formulates finished product testing standards and non-conforming product handling procedures to ensure the standardization of the PET-liquid crystal composite film production process and the compliance of finished product performance. Optionally, the formulation of the film preparation scheme corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite can be achieved through multi-objective optimization methods, such as using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) combined with simulation tools, with transmittance (>90%), response time (<50ms), and mechanical strength (>100MPa) as optimization objectives, and determining the optimal combination of process parameters (e.g., PET thickness 125μm, liquid crystal layer gap 8μm, curing temperature 85℃) through Pareto front analysis, and finally outputting a quantitative preparation scheme.

[0167] Compared to the problems described in the background art, this invention, by obtaining the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material, helps to provide a scientific basis for subsequent interface treatment and film curing. This not only enhances the bonding stability between PET and the liquid crystal material and reduces delamination problems, but also optimizes the dimming film preparation process. By coating the activated interface layer with a pre-set liquid crystal dispersion, this invention obtains a pre-cured film, which fully utilizes the high surface energy and abundant active groups of the activated interface layer, ensuring that the liquid crystal dispersion adheres uniformly and firmly to the interface. This effectively avoids problems such as delamination and detachment of the dimming film during use. Furthermore, by collecting the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, this invention can intuitively present the dynamic changes in its optical performance under electric field stimulation, thus helping to... This invention helps identify potential performance defects in the dimming functional layer, providing direction for the subsequent configuration and optimization of transparent conductive electrodes, and contributing to improving the overall dimming efficiency and stability of the dimming film. Furthermore, by topologically designing the electrode pattern, this invention obtains a uniquely controlled electrode array, determining the method and area of ​​the applied electric field, influencing the arrangement and orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and thus regulating the optical performance of the dimming functional layer, such as transmittance and light-blocking effect. This is a key element for achieving precise control of the dimming function. Finally, by analyzing the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, this invention can accurately determine the performance differences between the repaired and non-repaired areas, promptly identifying potential repair defects or performance risks. It also provides data support for optimizing the repair process and adjusting the repair material ratio, thereby improving the stability and durability of the repair film. Therefore, the method and system for preparing dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal provided in this invention can improve the preparation efficiency of dimming films.

[0168] Example 2:

[0169] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a functional block diagram of a dimming film preparation system based on PET and liquid crystal according to the present invention.

[0170] The PET and liquid crystal-based dimming film fabrication system 200 described in this invention can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functions implemented, the PET and liquid crystal-based dimming film fabrication system may include a surface treatment module 201, a gradient curing module 202, an electrode configuration module 203, an interface repair module 204, and a scheme formulation module 205. The module described in this invention can also be called a unit, which refers to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by the processor of an electronic device and can perform a fixed function, stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0171] In this embodiment of the invention, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0172] The surface treatment module 201 is used to acquire the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material, construct the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, and perform plasma treatment on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the interlayer framework to obtain an activated interface layer.

[0173] The gradient curing module 202 is used to coat the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film, analyze the thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film, and perform gradient curing on the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and in combination with an ultraviolet light source to obtain a dimming functional layer.

[0174] The electrode configuration module 203 is used to collect the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, calculate the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curves, and configure the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer based on the duty cycle value to obtain the electrode pattern.

[0175] The interface repair module 204 is used to perform topological design on the electrode pattern to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array, calculate the electrical control adjustment value corresponding to the uniquely controlled electrode array, identify the defect aggregation area in the dimming functional layer based on the electrical control adjustment value, and perform interface repair on the defect aggregation area to obtain a repair film.

[0176] The scheme formulation module 205 is used to analyze the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, and formulate the film preparation scheme corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

[0177] In detail, the modules in the PET and liquid crystal-based dimming film fabrication system 200 described in this embodiment of the invention employ the same methods as described above. Figure 1 The same technical means are used to prepare dimming films based on PET and liquid crystal as described in the article, and can produce the same technical effect, so it will not be repeated here.

[0178] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0179] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal, characterized in that, The method includes: The transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material are obtained. Based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed. The interlayer framework refers to the structural relationship and arrangement between each component layer designed based on the interlayer bonding data and composite strength index of the PET-liquid crystal composite. Based on the interlayer framework, the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated interface layer. A preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film. The thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film is analyzed. Based on the thickness distribution data and combined with an ultraviolet light source, the pre-cured film is subjected to gradient curing to obtain a dimming functional layer. The transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities are collected. Based on the transmission spectrum curves, the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer is calculated. The duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This indicates the duty cycle value of the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer. This indicates the number of different electric fields of varying intensities used when acquiring the transmission spectrum curve. This indicates the quantity index corresponding to different electric field intensities. and These represent the minimum and maximum wavelengths during transmission spectroscopy measurements, respectively. Indicates the first Under an electric field strength, the wavelength is The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that when no electric field is applied, i.e., the electric field strength is 0, the wavelength is... The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The maximum intensity of transmitted light at that time. This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The minimum intensity of transmitted light is determined by the duty cycle value, which reflects the degree to which the liquid crystal molecules change the light transmission under the influence of the electric field. Based on the duty cycle value, the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer is configured to obtain the electrode pattern. The electrode pattern is topologically designed to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array. The corresponding electronic control adjustment value of the uniquely controlled electrode array is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This indicates the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array. This indicates the number of electrode units in the individually controlled electrode array. Indicates the number of electrode units index. and Let represent the maximum and minimum electric field values ​​that the k-th electrode unit can withstand within its normal operating range, respectively. This indicates the number of samplings corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. This indicates the sampling index corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameter. Indicates in The sampled values ​​corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters are constantly being updated. This represents the average value of the samples corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. Based on the electronic control adjustment value, defect clusters in the dimming functional layer are identified, and interface repair is performed on the defect clusters to obtain a repair film. The dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film are analyzed, and a film preparation scheme for the PET-liquid crystal composite is formulated based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

2. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the transmittance parameter and the phase transition temperature data includes: Analyze the optical performance range corresponding to the transmittance parameter; Select suitable PET substrates within the specified optical performance range; Select the liquid crystal material with the best phase transition temperature from the phase transition temperature data; The adaptable PET substrate and the liquid crystal performance material are stacked in a certain proportion to obtain a PET-liquid crystal composite. Extract interlayer bonding data and composite strength index from the PET-liquid crystal composite; Based on the interlayer bonding data and the composite strength index, the interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed.

3. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing plasma treatment on the surface layer of the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the interlayer framework of the system to obtain an activated interface layer includes: Analyze the interlayer radio frequency power corresponding to the interlayer framework of the system; Based on the interlayer radio frequency power, the argon-oxygen mixed gas is excited to obtain a highly active free radical beam. Based on the highly active free radical beam, the residence time of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is scanned; Based on the residence time, the dielectric constant gradient of the PET-liquid crystal composite surface layer is monitored in real time. Based on the dielectric constant gradient, the chemical bond breakage points on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite are mapped; Based on the chemical bond breaking points, a hydroxyl grafting reaction is triggered on the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite to obtain an activated interface layer.

4. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of coating the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film includes: Adjust the preset rheological parameters corresponding to the liquid crystal dispersion; Based on the rheological parameters, the atomization pressure and nozzle movement trajectory of the preset spraying equipment are adjusted to obtain the equipment adjustment result; Based on the device control results, the activated interface layer is initially sprayed to obtain a liquid crystal coating. The directional alignment response corresponding to the liquid crystal coating is triggered by ultraviolet polarized light; Based on the directional alignment response, a preset liquid crystal dispersion is coated onto the activated interface layer to obtain a pre-cured film.

5. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of gradient curing the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and combined with an ultraviolet light source to obtain a dimming functional layer includes: Analyze the regional difference gradient corresponding to the thickness distribution data; Based on the regional difference gradient, the irradiance zones corresponding to the ultraviolet-modulated light source are divided. Adjust the exposure time corresponding to the ultraviolet light source within the irradiation intensity zone; Based on the exposure time, calculate the layer crosslinking rate corresponding to the pre-cured film; According to the layered crosslinking rate, the pre-cured film is subjected to gradient curing to obtain a dimming functional layer.

6. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing interface repair on the defect-accumulated region to obtain a repair film includes: Extract key morphological features from the defect cluster region; Based on the key morphological features, the dynamic spraying parameters corresponding to the preset gradient repair material are matched. According to the dynamic spraying parameters, a repair matrix is ​​deposited on the surface of the defect accumulation area; The repair matrix was subjected to in-situ annealing to obtain a dense transition interface; The dense transition interface is repaired to obtain a repair film.

7. The method for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis of the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repaired film includes: The initial transmittance of the repair film under a standard light source was measured. Based on the initial transmittance, the attenuation level range corresponding to the repair film is divided; Based on the attenuation level range, extract the spectral response characteristics corresponding to the repair film; Analyze the key attenuation bands covered in the spectral response characteristics; Based on the key attenuation band, the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film are determined.

8. A system for preparing a dimming film based on PET and liquid crystal, characterized in that, The system includes: The surface treatment module is used to acquire the transmittance parameters of the PET substrate and the phase transition temperature data of the liquid crystal material. Based on the transmittance parameters and the phase transition temperature data, a system interlayer framework corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite is constructed. The system interlayer framework refers to the structural relationship and arrangement between each component layer designed based on the interlayer bonding data and composite strength index of the PET-liquid crystal composite. Based on the system interlayer framework, the surface of the PET-liquid crystal composite is subjected to plasma treatment to obtain an activated interface layer. A gradient curing module is used to coat the activated interface layer with a preset liquid crystal dispersion to obtain a pre-cured film, analyze the thickness distribution data corresponding to the pre-cured film, and perform gradient curing on the pre-cured film based on the thickness distribution data and in combination with an ultraviolet light source to obtain a dimming functional layer. An electrode configuration module is used to acquire the transmission spectrum curves of the dimming functional layer under different electric field intensities, calculate the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer based on the transmission spectrum curves, and calculate the duty cycle value corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer using the following formula: ； in, This indicates the duty cycle value of the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming functional layer. This indicates the number of different electric fields of varying intensities used when acquiring the transmission spectrum curve. This indicates the quantity index corresponding to different electric field intensities. and These represent the minimum and maximum wavelengths during transmission spectroscopy measurements, respectively. Indicates the first Under an electric field strength, the wavelength is The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that when no electric field is applied, i.e., the electric field strength is 0, the wavelength is... The transmitted light intensity of the time-adjusting functional layer This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The maximum intensity of transmitted light at that time. This indicates that, throughout the entire measurement process, the wavelength is [wavelength value missing] under all electric field intensities. The minimum intensity of transmitted light is determined by the duty cycle value, which reflects the degree to which the liquid crystal molecules change the light transmission under the influence of the electric field. Based on the duty cycle value, the transparent conductive electrode corresponding to the dimming functional layer is configured to obtain the electrode pattern. The interface repair module is used to perform topology design on the electrode pattern to obtain a uniquely controlled electrode array, and to calculate the corresponding electronic control adjustment value of the uniquely controlled electrode array using the following formula: ； in, This indicates the electronic control adjustment value corresponding to the individually controlled electrode array. This indicates the number of electrode units in the individually controlled electrode array. Indicates the number of electrode units index. and Let represent the maximum and minimum electric field values ​​that the k-th electrode unit can withstand within its normal operating range, respectively. This indicates the number of samplings corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. This indicates the sampling index corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameter. Indicates in The sampled values ​​corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters are constantly being updated. This represents the average value of the samples corresponding to the electronic control adjustment parameters. Based on the electronic control adjustment value, defect clusters in the dimming functional layer are identified, and interface repair is performed on the defect clusters to obtain a repair film. The scheme formulation module is used to analyze the dimming attenuation parameters corresponding to the repair film, and formulate the film preparation scheme corresponding to the PET-liquid crystal composite based on the dimming attenuation parameters.

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