Intelligent composite photovoltaic cable

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable which comprises a cable body, a plurality of stranded conductors are arranged on the inner side of the cable body, a flexible shielding sleeve is installed in the stranded conductors, a supporting column is arranged in the flexible shielding sleeve, and a temperature compensation wire is installed on one side of the supporting column. The outer layer of the cable main body is provided with an insulation protection layer, one side of the insulation protection layer is connected with a silica gel buffer layer, the inner wall of the silica gel buffer layer is provided with fixing blocks, damping springs are connected between the fixing blocks, and the insulation protection layer is internally provided with a thermoelectric module. And the flexible shielding sleeve, the supporting column and the temperature compensation lead are arranged in the cable, so that the electromagnetic shielding performance and the temperature compensation capability of the cable are effectively improved. The flexible shielding sleeve is made of high-performance materials such as a braided copper net, an aluminum foil composite layer and a PVDF film layer, so that the anti-interference capability and the wear resistance of the cable are further enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of composite cables, and in particular to an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable. Background Art

[0002] As a key carrier of energy transmission, the reliability of cables directly impacts power generation efficiency and system safety. Traditional photovoltaic cables primarily focus on conductivity and basic insulation. However, the development of smart photovoltaic power plants places higher demands on cables for real-time status monitoring, environmental adaptability, and durability. This solution addresses this specific need by designing a multifunctional smart cable with built-in distributed sensors and thermoelectric modules.

[0003] Current photovoltaic cables have significant defects in practical applications: first, traditional conductor structures are prone to internal stress concentration due to thermal expansion and contraction in environments with large temperature differences, causing conductor deformation or insulation cracking; second, there is a lack of effective real-time temperature monitoring methods, making it difficult to warn of local overheating problems, increasing the risk of fire; third, the electromagnetic shielding performance is insufficient, especially in complex electromagnetic environments, it is susceptible to interference, affecting the stability of current transmission.

[0004] The lack of temperature monitoring makes it difficult to detect hot spot effects, accelerating component aging and even causing fuse failures. Electromagnetic interference can trigger inverter malfunctions, leading to a sudden drop in power generation. Furthermore, inadequate mechanical protection makes cables more susceptible to fatigue fractures due to wind vibration, ice and snow loads, requiring frequent shutdowns for replacement. These issues severely hinder the intelligent upgrades and long-term economic viability of photovoltaic power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable, comprising a cable body, wherein a plurality of twisted conductors are arranged on the inner side of the cable body, a flexible shielding sleeve is installed inside the plurality of twisted conductors, a support column is arranged inside the flexible shielding sleeve, a temperature compensation wire is installed on one side of the support column, an outer layer of the cable body is provided with an insulating protective layer, a silicone buffer layer is connected to one side of the insulating protective layer, a fixed block is installed on the inner wall of the silicone buffer layer, a shock-absorbing spring is connected between the fixed blocks, a thermoelectric module is installed inside the insulating protective layer, and a distributed optical fiber sensor is installed on the inner wall of the cable body.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0008] The insulating protective layer is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable body, the silicone buffer layer is fixedly connected between the insulating protective layer and the multi-strand twisted conductor, and the multi-strand twisted conductor is fixedly connected to the inside of the cable body.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The flexible shielding sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner side of the multi-strand twisted conductor. The size of the flexible shielding sleeve is smaller than the size of the multi-strand twisted conductor. The support column is fixedly installed inside the flexible shielding sleeve. There are three support columns. The temperature compensation wire is fixedly installed at the center of the support column. The temperature compensation wire collects temperature signals of cables, connectors and equipment in real time through thermocouple and RTD principles.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] The fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the silicone buffer layer, and the number of the fixing blocks is several. The shock-absorbing springs are fixedly connected between the fixing blocks, and the number of the shock-absorbing springs is several.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The distributed optical fiber sensor is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cable body, and the number of the distributed optical fiber sensor is several. The thermoelectric module is fixedly mounted inside the insulating protective layer, and the number of the thermoelectric module is several.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The flexible shielding sleeve includes a woven copper mesh A, an aluminum foil composite layer A, a PVDF film layer, an aluminum foil composite layer B and a woven copper mesh B. The woven copper mesh A is fixedly connected to the multi-strand twisted conductor, and the woven copper mesh B is fixedly connected to the temperature compensation wire. The woven copper mesh A and the woven copper mesh B have the same width.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] The aluminum foil composite layer A is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh A, the aluminum foil composite layer B is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh B, the aluminum foil composite layer A and the aluminum foil composite layer B have the same size, and the PVDF film layer is fixedly connected between the aluminum foil composite layer A and the aluminum foil composite layer B.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The insulating protective layer includes an outer polyurethane insulating layer, a silicone-based polymer layer and an inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer. The outer polyurethane insulating layer is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the cable body, the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer is fixedly connected to the silicone buffer layer, and the silicone-based polymer layer is fixedly connected between the outer polyurethane insulating layer and the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer. The outer polyurethane insulating layer has the same width as the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable provided by the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention effectively improves the cable's electromagnetic shielding and temperature compensation capabilities by placing multiple stranded conductors within the cable body, along with a flexible shielding sleeve, support columns, and temperature-compensating wires. The flexible shielding sleeve, constructed from high-performance materials such as braided copper mesh, aluminum foil, and PVDF film, further enhances the cable's anti-interference and abrasion resistance.

[0024] The cable's three-layer insulation structure, comprising an outer polyurethane layer, a silicone-based polymer layer, and an inner cross-linked polyethylene layer, effectively improves the cable's insulation and weather resistance. A silicone buffer layer and shock-absorbing springs effectively reduce vibration and impact during use, increasing its stability and service life.

[0025] The flexible shielding sleeve and braided copper mesh significantly enhance the cable's electromagnetic shielding performance, effectively preventing electromagnetic interference from affecting cable transmission signals. The temperature-compensating conductor utilizes thermocouples and RTD principles to collect real-time temperature signals from cables, connectors, and equipment, effectively compensating for temperature changes in the cable and improving its transmission efficiency and stability. The three-layer insulation layer effectively enhances the cable's insulation performance and reduces the risk of leakage and short circuits during use. The silicone buffer layer and shock-absorbing spring effectively reduce vibration and impact during use, improving the cable's seismic resistance and stability and extending its service life.

[0026] In the present invention, the flexible shielding sleeve is set up, which can reduce the influence of external electromagnetic waves on the transmission signals of the multi-strand twisted conductors inside the cable body, and improve the stability of signal transmission. At the same time, the setting of the woven copper mesh A, aluminum foil composite layer A, PVDF film layer, aluminum foil composite layer B and woven copper mesh B further improves the shielding effect of the flexible shielding sleeve, and the setting of the aluminum foil composite layer A and the aluminum foil composite layer B can improve the tearing strength of the flexible shielding sleeve and extend the service life of the flexible shielding sleeve.

[0027] This invention enhances the cable's electromagnetic shielding performance, effectively reduces electromagnetic interference, and improves signal transmission stability. It also improves the cable's insulation strength and weather resistance, extending its service life. The multi-layer insulation structure ensures the cable maintains excellent insulation performance in various environments, improving its safety and reliability. The uniform width of the insulation layer ensures the cable's overall structural stability and aesthetics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic plan view of a flexible shielding sleeve for an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable proposed in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of part A of an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a cable body of an intelligent composite photovoltaic cable proposed in the present invention.

[0033] Legend:

[0034] 1. Cable body; 2. Multi-strand twisted conductor; 3. Flexible shielding sleeve; 4. Support column; 5. Temperature compensation wire; 6. Insulation protective layer; 7. Silicone buffer layer; 8. Fixing block; 9. Shock-absorbing spring; 10. Distributed optical fiber sensor; 11. Thermoelectric module; 31. Braided copper mesh A; 32. Aluminum foil composite layer A; 33. PVDF film layer; 34. Aluminum foil composite layer B; 35. Braided copper mesh B; 61. Outer polyurethane insulation layer; 62. Silicone-based polymer layer; 63. Inner cross-linked polyethylene insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or they can be internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-5 , an embodiment provided by the present invention:

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] A smart composite photovoltaic cable comprises a cable body 1, wherein a plurality of stranded conductors 2 are provided on the inner side of the cable body 1, a flexible shielding sleeve 3 is installed inside the plurality of stranded conductors 2, a support column 4 is provided inside the flexible shielding sleeve 3, a temperature compensation wire 5 is installed on one side of the support column 4, an outer layer of the cable body 1 is provided with an insulating protective layer 6, a silicone buffer layer 7 is connected to one side of the insulating protective layer 6, a fixing block 8 is installed on the inner wall of the silicone buffer layer 7, a shock-absorbing spring 9 is connected between the fixing blocks 8, a thermoelectric module 11 is installed inside the insulating protective layer 6, and a distributed optical fiber sensor 10 is installed on the inner wall of the cable body 1.

[0040] Working Principle and Usage: When the intelligent composite photovoltaic cable is in operation, the multi-stranded conductor 2 transmits electrical energy, while the flexible shielding sleeve 3 provides electromagnetic shielding, effectively preventing external electromagnetic interference from affecting the cable's internal signals. The support column 4 not only provides stable support for the temperature compensation conductor 5 but also ensures accurate temperature signal acquisition. Using thermocouples and RTD principles, the temperature compensation conductor 5 monitors and compensates for temperature changes in the cable, connectors, and equipment in real time, ensuring stable performance in varying temperature environments.

[0041] The silicone cushioning layer 7, its internal fixing block 8, and shock-absorbing spring 9 together form the cable's shock-absorbing system. When the cable is subjected to external impact or vibration, the shock-absorbing spring 9 effectively absorbs and disperses the impact force, protecting the conductors and sensors within the cable from damage. Furthermore, the silicone cushioning layer 7 is flexible enough to accommodate the bending and stretching requirements of the cable in various installation environments.

[0042] Distributed fiber optic sensors 10 are distributed along the inner wall of the cable body 1, enabling real-time monitoring of cable parameters such as temperature and strain. These sensors feed this data back to the control system, enabling remote monitoring of the cable's status and fault warnings. Thermoelectric modules 11 utilize the thermoelectric effect to convert heat generated during cable operation into electrical energy, providing power for attached devices or systems, thus achieving energy recycling.

[0043] The braided copper mesh A31 and braided copper mesh B35 of the flexible shielding sleeve 3 are fixedly connected to the multi-stranded conductor 2 and the temperature-compensating wire 5, respectively, forming a good conductive path. The aluminum foil composite layers A32 and B34 further enhance the shielding effect and reduce the penetration of electromagnetic interference. The PVDF film layer 33 serves as the intermediate insulating layer, ensuring electrical isolation within the flexible shielding sleeve 3.

[0044] The outer polyurethane insulation layer 61, silicone-based polymer layer 62, and inner cross-linked polyethylene insulation layer 63 of the insulation protective layer 6 together form the cable's insulation system. These materials offer excellent insulation and weather resistance, protecting the cable's internal conductors and sensors from environmental factors such as moisture, humidity, and corrosion. They also possess certain flame retardant properties, enhancing the cable's safety.

[0045] During use, the intelligent composite photovoltaic cable can be flexibly installed and configured according to actual needs. Its unique structure and design give the cable excellent electrical and mechanical properties and environmental adaptability, making it widely used in various power systems and photovoltaic power generation projects.

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] In the present invention, the insulating protective layer 6 is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable body 1 , the silicone buffer layer 7 is fixedly connected between the insulating protective layer 6 and the multi-strand twisted conductor 2 , and the multi-strand twisted conductor 2 is fixedly connected to the inside of the cable body 1 .

[0048] The flexible shielding sleeve 3 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the multi-strand twisted conductor 2. The size of the flexible shielding sleeve 3 is smaller than the size of the multi-strand twisted conductor 2. The support column 4 is fixedly installed inside the flexible shielding sleeve 3. There are three support columns 4. The temperature compensation wire 5 is fixedly installed at the center of the support column 4. The temperature compensation wire 5 collects the temperature signals of cables, connectors and equipment in real time through the principles of thermocouples and RTDs.

[0049] In this embodiment, the insulating protective layer 6 is fixedly attached to the outer side of the cable body 1, effectively enhancing the insulation performance of the cable and improving the safety of the cable during use. The provision of the silicone buffer layer 7 further enhances the cable's resistance to wear and extrusion, effectively extending the cable's service life.

[0050] The rational layout of the stranded conductors 2, the insulating protective layer 6, and the flexible shielding sleeve 3 not only optimizes the cable's internal structure but also significantly improves the cable's electrical conductivity and signal transmission efficiency. The flexible shielding sleeve 3 is designed to be smaller than the stranded conductors 2, ensuring effective shielding, reducing electromagnetic interference, and enhancing the cable's anti-interference capabilities.

[0051] The fixed installation of support column 4 inside flexible shielding sleeve 3 provides stable support for temperature compensation wire 5, ensuring that it can accurately and real-timely collect temperature signals from cables, connectors, and equipment. This design not only improves the accuracy of temperature acquisition but also provides strong support for cable temperature monitoring and maintenance.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] The fixing blocks 8 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the silica gel buffer layer 7 , and there are several fixing blocks 8 . The shock-absorbing springs 9 are fixedly connected between the fixing blocks 8 , and there are several shock-absorbing springs 9 .

[0054] The distributed optical fiber sensor 10 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cable body 1, and the number of the distributed optical fiber sensors 10 is several. The thermoelectric module 11 is fixedly mounted inside the insulating protective layer 6, and the number of the thermoelectric modules 11 is several. The flexible shielding sleeve 3 includes a braided copper mesh A31, an aluminum foil composite layer A32, a PVDF film layer 33, an aluminum foil composite layer B34 and a braided copper mesh B35. The braided copper mesh A31 is fixedly connected to the multi-strand twisted conductor 2, and the braided copper mesh B35 is fixedly connected to the temperature compensation wire 5. The width of the braided copper mesh A31 is the same as that of the braided copper mesh B35.

[0055] In this embodiment, the provision of fixing blocks 8 and shock-absorbing springs 9 effectively enhances the overall structural stability of the cable. Fixing blocks 8 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of silicone cushioning layer 7, while shock-absorbing springs 9 are fixedly connected between fixing blocks 8. This design allows the cable to absorb and disperse the impact force through the elastic deformation of shock-absorbing springs 9 when subjected to external forces, effectively preventing damage to the cable due to excessive force and extending the cable's service life.

[0056] The fixed installation of distributed fiber optic sensors 10 enables the cable to monitor internal parameters such as temperature and pressure in real time. Several distributed fiber optic sensors 10 are installed, covering the entire length of the cable body. This allows for comprehensive monitoring of the cable's status and timely identification and resolution of potential safety hazards. The fixed installation of thermoelectric modules 11 enables the conversion of thermal energy within the cable into electrical energy. Several thermoelectric modules 11 are evenly distributed within the insulating protective layer 6, fully utilizing the thermal energy within the cable and converting it into electrical energy, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0057] The design of the flexible shielding sleeve 3 optimizes the cable's shielding performance. It comprises a braided copper mesh A31, an aluminum foil composite layer A32, a PVDF film layer 33, an aluminum foil composite layer B34, and a braided copper mesh B35. This multi-layer structure effectively prevents external electromagnetic interference from affecting the cable's internal signals, ensuring the stability and reliability of the cable's signals. Furthermore, the braided copper mesh A31 is fixedly connected to the multi-strand twisted conductor 2, and the braided copper mesh B35 is fixedly connected to the temperature-compensating wire 5. This design enhances cable stability during connection and transmission, reducing signal loss.

[0058] Example 4:

[0059] The aluminum foil composite layer A32 is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh A31, and the aluminum foil composite layer B34 is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh B35. The aluminum foil composite layer A32 and the aluminum foil composite layer B34 have the same size, and the PVDF film layer 33 is fixedly connected between the aluminum foil composite layer A32 and the aluminum foil composite layer B34.

[0060] The insulating protective layer 6 includes an outer polyurethane insulating layer 61, a silicone-based polymer layer 62 and an inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer 63. The outer polyurethane insulating layer 61 is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the cable body 1, the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer 63 is fixedly connected to the silicone buffer layer 7, and the silicone-based polymer layer 62 is fixedly connected between the outer polyurethane insulating layer 61 and the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer 63. The outer polyurethane insulating layer 61 has the same width as the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer 63.

[0061] In this embodiment, aluminum foil composite layer A32 and aluminum foil composite layer B34 are securely connected via a PVDF film layer 33, enhancing structural stability and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The insulating protective layer 6 employs a multilayer design, comprising an outer polyurethane insulation layer 61, a silicone-based polymer layer 62, and an inner cross-linked polyethylene insulation layer 63, improving the cable's insulation performance and weather resistance. The outer polyurethane insulation layer 61 and the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulation layer 63 have the same width, ensuring uniformity and reliability of the insulation layers.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent composite photovoltaic cable, comprising a cable body (1), characterized in that: The inner side of the cable body (1) is provided with a plurality of twisted conductors (2), the interior of the plurality of twisted conductors (2) is provided with a flexible shielding sleeve (3), the interior of the flexible shielding sleeve (3) is provided with a support column (4), one side of the support column (4) is provided with a temperature compensation wire (5), the outer layer of the cable body (1) is provided with an insulating protective layer (6), one side of the insulating protective layer (6) is connected to a silicone buffer layer (7), a fixing block (8) is installed on the inner wall of the silicone buffer layer (7), a shock-absorbing spring (9) is connected between the fixing blocks (8), a thermoelectric module (11) is installed inside the insulating protective layer (6), and a distributed optical fiber sensor (10) is installed on the inner wall of the cable body (1).

2. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating protective layer (6) is fixedly connected to the outside of the cable body (1), the silicone buffer layer (7) is fixedly connected between the insulating protective layer (6) and the multi-strand twisted conductor (2), and the multi-strand twisted conductor (2) is fixedly connected to the inside of the cable body (1).

3. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible shielding sleeve (3) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the multi-strand twisted conductor (2); the size of the flexible shielding sleeve (3) is smaller than the size of the multi-strand twisted conductor (2); the support column (4) is fixedly installed inside the flexible shielding sleeve (3); the number of the support columns (4) is three; the temperature compensation wire (5) is fixedly installed at the center inside the support column (4); the temperature compensation wire (5) collects temperature signals of cables, connectors and equipment in real time through thermocouple and RTD principles.

4. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing blocks (8) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the silica gel buffer layer (7), and the number of the fixing blocks (8) is several. The shock-absorbing springs (9) are fixedly connected between the fixing blocks (8), and the number of the shock-absorbing springs (9) is several.

5. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed optical fiber sensor (10) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cable body (1), and the number of the distributed optical fiber sensor (10) is several. The thermoelectric module (11) is fixedly mounted inside the insulating protective layer (6), and the number of the thermoelectric module (11) is several.

6. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible shielding sleeve (3) comprises a braided copper mesh A (31), an aluminum foil composite layer A (32), a PVDF film layer (33), an aluminum foil composite layer B (34) and a braided copper mesh B (35), wherein the braided copper mesh A (31) is fixedly connected to the multi-strand twisted conductor (2), and the braided copper mesh B (35) is fixedly connected to the temperature compensation wire (5), and the braided copper mesh A (31) and the braided copper mesh B (35) have the same width.

7. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum foil composite layer A (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh A (31), the aluminum foil composite layer B (34) is fixedly connected to one side of the woven copper mesh B (35), the aluminum foil composite layer A (32) and the aluminum foil composite layer B (34) have the same size, and the PVDF film layer (33) is fixedly connected between the aluminum foil composite layer A (32) and the aluminum foil composite layer B (34).

8. The intelligent composite photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating protective layer (6) comprises an outer polyurethane insulating layer (61), a silicon-based polymer layer (62) and an inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer (63), wherein the outer polyurethane insulating layer (61) is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the cable body (1), the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer (63) is fixedly connected to the silicone buffer layer (7), and the silicon-based polymer layer (62) is fixedly connected between the outer polyurethane insulating layer (61) and the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer (63), and the outer polyurethane insulating layer (61) and the inner cross-linked polyethylene insulating layer (63) have the same width.

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