Multi-terminal alternating type permanent magnet one-way driving device and control method

Abstract

The application provides a multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet one-way driving device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet driving. The device comprises an A terminal and a B terminal, and rotors, intermittent stators, magnetic insulation layers, electromagnetic clutches and one-way rotation mechanisms are arranged at the two terminals respectively. The magnetic insulation layers selectively block or conduct the magnetic flux path, and the dynamic coupling and decoupling of the electromagnetic clutches are combined to realize the alternating working mode of the double rotors. The control system corrects the phase difference of the rotors in real time through a phase compensator and a Hall sensor, and ensures continuous power output. The application solves the problems of low magnetic energy conversion efficiency, discontinuous motion and dead point of the existing permanent magnet driving device, has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, stable output, modular expansion and the like, and is suitable for new energy vehicles, industrial transmission and grid-connected and off-grid power generation scenes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of permanent magnet drive, in particular, to a non-contact continuous rotation system based on a magnetic isolation layer and a one-way rotation mechanism, which is suitable for new energy vehicles, industrial transmission and off-grid power generation fields. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing concern about environmental protection and sustainable development, new energy vehicles have become the choice of people, and people pay more and more attention to how to reduce energy consumption. Magnetic energy conversion technology has become one of the best solutions to solve high energy consumption. The application of permanent magnet power technology at present mainly embodies "permanent magnet motor", and the permanent magnet motor as the core component of new energy vehicles has significant advantages in energy saving and emission reduction, and improving energy utilization efficiency. With the continuous expansion of the new energy vehicle market, the demand for permanent magnet motors is also growing rapidly. In order to meet this demand, many enterprises have begun to increase their research and development investment in permanent magnet power technology, and promote the continuous breakthrough and innovation of permanent magnet motor technology.

[0003] Permanent magnet motor is a kind of motor that uses permanent magnets to generate magnetic field. Unlike traditional motors, its rotor and stator are both permanent magnets, which push the rotor to move through the repulsion or attraction between permanent magnets. Such motors have low conversion efficiency, discontinuous motion and dead point problems. Compared with traditional electrically excited motors, it has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, high power density and low maintenance cost. In the field of new energy vehicles, permanent magnet motors are widely used in drive systems to provide power for vehicles. Since permanent magnet motors do not need external power supply to generate magnetic field, their energy conversion efficiency is as high as 90% or more, which has lower energy consumption and higher power output than traditional motors.

[0004] At present, there are four types of permanent magnet motors commonly used in new energy vehicles, including DC motor, asynchronous motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor and switched reluctance motor.

[0005] DC motor: DC motor is a kind of permanent magnet motor, which is also the earliest drive motor applied in electric vehicles. Its characteristics are good control performance and low cost. However, due to its complex structure, weak instantaneous overload capacity and low maximum speed of motor, the brush and slip ring in DC motor will produce certain loss after long time work, which increases the maintenance cost. Therefore, in the new electric vehicles, it has been gradually replaced by other types of motors.

[0006] Asynchronous motor: asynchronous motor belongs to an induction motor, which relies on current to generate magnetic field. The stator is input with alternating current to generate rotating magnetic field, and the rotor generates magnetic field by induction, so that the two magnetic fields act on the rotor to make it rotate with the rotating magnetic field of the stator. Asynchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost, and its speed regulation performance is good, which can meet the speed regulation demand.

[0007] Permanent magnet synchronous motor: Permanent magnet synchronous motor belongs to a kind of permanent magnet motor, the stator input three-phase alternating current generates rotating magnetic field, the rotor magnetic field is generated by permanent magnet. The stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field are like two magnets, same sex is attracted;Since the stator magnetic field rotates at the power frequency, so as to drive the rotor to rotate together, the speed of the two is the same. Permanent magnet synchronous motor has high power density and efficiency, so it is applied in some high-end new energy vehicles. It has wide speed regulation range and fast dynamic response, which can meet some high-performance speed regulation requirements.

[0008] Switched reluctance motor: switched reluctance motor has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability, so it is applied in some special application scenarios. It has wide speed regulation range and high efficiency, which can meet some special speed regulation requirements.

[0009] With the breakthrough development of permanent magnet material performance, permanent magnet drive technology has been widely used in industrial automation, new energy vehicles, precision instruments and other fields. In the prior art, the one-way permanent magnet drive device adopts the structure of fixed permanent magnet array coupled with electromagnetic coil, and realizes one-way power output through current commutation. However, such structure has the following inherent defects:

[0010] Low magnetic potential energy conversion efficiency. The effective working air gap magnetic field of the traditional one-way drive device is limited by the static arrangement mode of the permanent magnet, which shows obvious edge attenuation effect. Experimental data show that when the driving stroke is more than 1.5 times the pole pitch, the output torque attenuation amplitude can reach 35%-40%, resulting in the forced increase of the device volume to compensate for the performance loss.

[0011] Motion discontinuity, dead point. In the running process of permanent magnet motor, the dead point (DeadZone) refers to the critical position where the rotor cannot generate effective driving torque at a certain mechanical angle. Its essence is derived from the coupling characteristics of permanent magnet and electromagnetic field. When the rotor permanent magnet pole axis and the stator winding magnetic field axis completely coincide, the vector product of Lorentz force is zero, resulting in the disappearance of the synthesized torque. In the dead point area, the air gap magnetic density distribution presents nonlinear distortion, and the reluctance torque decreases sharply, which further weakens the effective driving force. In the existing permanent magnet motor design, the dead point problem causes the deterioration of start-stop characteristics. During the low-speed or zero-speed starting stage, the rotor is easy to be locked at the dead point position. The torque pulsation in the dead point area causes the speed fluctuation, which seriously affects the service life of the precision transmission system. The control complexity increases, and the traditional dead point compensation depends on high-precision position sensor, which increases the power consumption of the control system. SUMMARY

[0012] The application provides a multi-end alternating permanent magnet one-way drive device and a control method, which are used to solve the problems of low magnetic potential energy conversion efficiency and motion discontinuity with dead point in the prior art.

[0013] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a multi-end alternating permanent magnet one-way driving device and a control method, which mainly comprises an intermittent stator, a rotor, a magnetic isolation layer, an intermittent stator support, a one-way rotating mechanism, a transmission wheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a phase compensator and a control system. The application belongs to a permanent magnet driving device, and the storage and release of magnetic potential energy are realized by the combined topology mechanism of the one-way rotating mechanism and the electromagnetic clutch and the magnetic isolation layer.

[0014] The device is divided into A end and B end, and can alternately output power to the outside. The magnetic isolation layer is arranged between the rotor and the intermittent stator, and the electromagnetic clutch serves to connect and disconnect the rotor and the intermittent stator. The one-way rotating mechanism is connected with the intermittent stator, and can ensure the one-way rotating feature of the intermittent stator. When one end of the system is in a magnetic isolation state, the other end is in a non-magnetic isolation state.

[0015] In the non-magnetic isolation state, the electromagnetic clutch is in a disconnected state, the rotor and the intermittent stator repel each other, and the intermittent stator is in a static state, and the rotor rotates.

[0016] When the rotor enters the magnetic isolation state, the electromagnetic clutch connects the rotor and the intermittent stator together, and the two can rotate simultaneously.

[0017] In order to ensure that the rotor and the intermittent stator can continuously repel each other, the application has two rotors and two intermittent stators, when the rotor and the intermittent stator at one end are in a non-magnetic isolation state, the rotor and the intermittent stator at the other end are in a magnetic isolation state. The state of the rotors and the intermittent stators at the two ends is that one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state and the other end is in a magnetic isolation state. The device further comprises a control system, when the control system is applied to a new energy vehicle, receives a starting signal of a vehicle controller; when the control system is applied to an industry, receives a switching signal; and when the control system is applied to grid-connected and off-grid power generation, receives a starting signal of a battery management system.

[0018] The device comprises a housing, an intermittent stator, a magnetic isolation layer, an intermittent stator fixing support, a rotor shaft, a rotor, a one-way rotating mechanism, an output wheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a transmission wheel, a phase compensator and a control system, and the device is characterized in that,

[0019] The housing constitutes an external support structure of the driving device;

[0020] The intermittent stator comprises a first intermittent stator and a second intermittent stator, which are coaxially arranged corresponding to the first rotor and the second rotor respectively;

[0021] The magnetic isolation layer is arranged in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator, and selectively blocks or conducts the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator;

[0022] An intermittent stator fixing bracket, serving as a bracket for the intermittent stator;

[0023] a rotor shaft connected to the rotor and driving it to rotate;

[0024] The rotor includes a first rotor and a second rotor, which are respectively arranged at the A end and the B end of the device;

[0025] A one-way rotation mechanism is connected to each intermittent stator to limit the intermittent stator to rotate in only one direction;

[0026] The output wheel is connected to the rotor shaft and transmits the mechanical power generated inside the device to the outside to realize the driving function;

[0027] The electromagnetic clutch comprises a first clutch portion coaxially connected to the rotor and a second clutch portion connected to the intermittent stator, and realizes mechanical coupling between the rotor and the intermittent stator when powered;

[0028] The transmission wheel is connected to the rotor and is used to output mechanical power to the outside;

[0029] a phase compensator configured to detect and correct a phase difference between the rotor and the intermittent stator in real time;

[0030] Control system, electromagnetic clutch, magnetic isolation layer and phase compensator (signal connection, detection and processing device fault level, control A and B ends to alternately switch between magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation states;

[0031] The working conditions of end A and end B meet the following requirements: when one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is disconnected, the rotor and the intermittent stator remain relatively stationary due to the action of magnetic repulsion, and the rotor rotates independently to drive the transmission wheel to output power; when the other end is in a magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is closed, the rotor and the intermittent stator are mechanically locked and rotate synchronously, and the magnetic isolation layer blocks the magnetic flux path to achieve continuous power output.

[0032] The magnetic isolation layer includes a high-reluctance material layer covering part or all of the magnetic pole area on the rotor or stator surface; and / or a dynamic adjustment unit embedded in the high-reluctance material layer, which responds to a control signal to change the local magnetic permeability to achieve dynamic reconfiguration of the magnetic flux path. The magnetic isolation layer is composed of high-reluctance material, composite reluctance material, or a composite structure of one of these materials with the coil. The magnetic isolation layer can be installed either fixedly or with a rotational adjustment mechanism tailored to the operating environment.

[0033] The electromagnetic clutch is a multi-disc electromagnetic friction clutch, the first clutch part of which is integrated into the rotor shaft end, and the second clutch part is slidingly connected to the intermittent stator bracket through a spline structure.

[0034] The one-way rotation mechanism includes a ratchet assembly fixed to the device housing; an overrunning clutch, the inner ring of which is interference fit with the intermittent stator shaft, and the outer ring is engaged with the ratchet assembly, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate only in a preset direction.

[0035] The phase compensator includes: a Hall sensor array distributed around the two rotors; a dynamic balancing algorithm module that calculates the phase compensation angle θ based on the sensor signals and achieves phase synchronization by adjusting the activation timing of the magnetic isolation layer. The compensation angle θ satisfies: θ = k (Δφ / ω), where Δφ is the measured phase difference, ω is the rotor angular velocity, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0036] The control system can be external or built into the outer shell, and can be connected to the electromagnetic clutch, magnetic isolation layer and phase compensator signal through wired or wireless means. The control system performs the following steps:

[0037] S1. The control system determines whether it has received a start command, enters the initial state judgment, and detects the current device fault level;

[0038] S2. If the fault level = 2 (single-ended fault, device output power is reduced), the controller sends a power reduction signal to the outside and enters the compensator auxiliary drive mode;

[0039] S3. If the fault level = 3 (shutdown), the controller sends a shutdown signal;

[0040] S4. If the fault level is less than 2: the controller enters the position detection process. The controller determines the relative position of the rotor and intermittent stator based on the feedback signal from the sensor to determine whether it meets the startup requirements.

[0041] S5. If the startup requirements are not met, the phase compensator is activated to perform relative position correction until the position meets the startup requirements.

[0042] S6. Meet the startup requirements and enter the startup state;

[0043] S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch in the non-magnetic isolation state and close the electromagnetic clutch in the magnetic isolation state;

[0044] S8. Calculate the closing time and opening time of the electromagnetic clutch based on the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle at which the rotor needs to rotate;

[0045] S9. Determine that the current speed is less than the fault threshold and proceed to S7;

[0046] S10. If the current speed is not less than the fault threshold, enter S5.

[0047] The power distribution strategy of the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device includes three distribution modes: the first distribution mode stores all the output power of the generator in the energy storage unit; the second distribution mode dynamically distributes power to the drive load and the energy storage unit; the third distribution mode is energy feedback control in the reverse power supply mode.

[0048] Multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive devices can be applied to new energy vehicle power systems, forming a multi-mode drive architecture with motors and power batteries; distributed power generation systems, connecting generators and energy storage battery packs to achieve grid-connected, off-grid, on-grid and microgrid control; industrial transmission systems, providing electromechanical coupling solutions with variable torque output.

[0049] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device can achieve three connection states, including the first connection state, pure extended-range power generation mode; the second connection state, direct drive auxiliary mode; and the third connection state, compound drive mode.

[0050] The coverage angle of the magnetic isolation layer is dynamically adjusted according to the working mode:

[0051] In extended-range mode, the non-magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%;

[0052] In hybrid mode, the magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation areas are approximately evenly distributed;

[0053] In high speed mode, the magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%.

[0054] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device can be applied to on-grid or off-grid power generation or microgrid systems, connected to the energy storage battery pack and the power grid, and transmits excess electricity to the power grid when the energy storage battery pack reaches the preset SOC value.

[0055] A multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device is characterized in that when the device is applied to the extended-range mode of a new energy vehicle power system or a distributed power generation system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:2, and the design goal is high power, small volume, and low speed.

[0056] When used in industrial motors, the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device has a ratio of approximately 2:1 between the magnetically isolated area and the non-magnetically isolated area. Its design goals are strong stability, high speed, and high torque.

[0057] When the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device is applied to the hybrid mode of the new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:1. The design goal is stability, high power, small size and high speed.

[0058] The adjustment of the magnetic isolation layer is achieved through an independent mechanical device or a drive module integrated in the control system to ensure synchronous control of the magnetic flux path when the two ends switch alternately.

[0059] The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet driving device comprises a magnetic circuit state monitoring unit for detecting the magnetic flux distribution of each phase in real time, a thermal management subsystem integrating a temperature-sensitive magnetic insulation layer adjusting mechanism, and a fault prediction module for predicting the service life of the magnetic insulation layer and the demagnetization degree of the permanent magnet based on historical data.

[0060] The driving wheel and the output wheel of the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet driving device are connected through gear, belt or chain transmission to realize multi-stage output of mechanical power.

[0061] The application also comprises a permanent magnet driving control method, which comprises the following steps:

[0062] In the non-magnetic insulation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the magnetic repulsion force between the rotor and the intermittent stator is utilized to drive the single-degree-of-freedom rotation of the rotor;

[0063] In the magnetic insulation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be closed and the magnetic insulation layer is activated, so that the rotor and the intermittent stator form a rigid connection body to rotate synchronously;

[0064] By alternately activating the magnetic insulation / non-magnetic insulation states of the A terminal and the B terminal, uninterrupted power output is realized.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects.

[0066] Efficient conversion of magnetic energy. By periodically releasing the inherent magnetic potential energy of the permanent magnet and combining with the dynamic regulation of the electromagnetic clutch, the energy saving of the traditional permanent magnet motor is significantly reduced, and the operating energy consumption is reduced.

[0067] Continuous power output. The double-rotor alternating operation mode realizes no dead point operation, reduces the power output fluctuation rate, and the magnetic insulation layer and the one-way rotation mechanism cooperate to eliminate the output discontinuity problem of the traditional device.

[0068] Intelligent control system. The Hall sensor + phase compensator constitutes a closed-loop control system, which can correct the rotor position deviation in real time, and the fuzzy control algorithm can realize the dynamic optimization of the magnetic shielding strength and the clutch state.

[0069] Modular expansion capability. N>=2 groups of rotors + intermittent stator units can be expanded, and the number ratio of the rotor to the intermittent stator is 1:1, which can be flexibly configured according to the load demand. When a unit fails, the phase compensator can take over the power output to ensure the redundancy of the system.

[0070] Energy-saving and environmentally friendly design. It is completely driven by the potential energy of the permanent magnet and does not require external excitation current. The magnetic shielding material can be recycled, which meets the green manufacturing standards.

[0071] Wide adaptability. The speed range is wide and the torque output stability is high, which is suitable for new energy vehicles, industrial transmission and other multi-scene requirements.

[0072] The present invention follows the law of conservation of energy, and its power core is the periodic release of magnetic potential energy of a permanent magnet.

[0073] Input energy = permanent magnet magnetic potential energy (U) + electric energy (U_e = excitation energy consumption + clutch power consumption)

[0074] Output energy = mechanical energy (E_m) + loss (friction loss E_f + magnetic leakage loss E_l), following the law of conservation of energy: U + U_e = E_m + E_f + BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. The same reference symbols are used to represent the same components throughout the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0076] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device, showing the layout of the rotor, stator and transmission wheel at the A and B ends;

[0077] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the non-magnetic isolation state, showing that the rotor rotates independently when the magnetic flux path is open;

[0078] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of magnetic isolation state, showing that the rotor and stator rotate synchronously after the electromagnetic clutch is closed;

[0079] Figure 4 : Control method logic diagram, including startup self-test, phase compensation and state switching processes;

[0080] Figures 5-10 : Schematic diagram of typical application scenarios. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0082] Specific implementation method 1: reference Figures 1-3 , Figure 1 Figure 1 is the outer shell, 2 is the intermittent stator, 3 is the magnetic isolation layer, 4 is the intermittent stator mounting bracket, 5 is the rotor shaft, 6 is the rotor, 7 is the one-way rotation mechanism, 8 is the output pulley, 9 is the electromagnetic clutch, 10 is the transmission pulley, and 11 is the phase compensator. The device has two terminals, A and B, and can output power alternately.

[0083] The rotor 6 includes a first rotor 6(1) and a second rotor 6(2) arranged at the device A end and the device B end respectively; the intermittent stator includes a first intermittent stator 2(1) and a second intermittent stator 2(2) arranged coaxially corresponding to the first rotor 6(1) and the second rotor 6(2) respectively; the magnetic isolation layer 3 is arranged in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator, selectively blocking or conducting the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator; the electromagnetic clutch 9 includes a first clutch part coaxially connected with the rotor and a second clutch part connected with the intermittent stator, realizing mechanical coupling of the rotor and the intermittent stator in the energized state; the one-way rotation mechanism 7 is connected with each intermittent stator, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate only in a single direction; the transmission wheel 10 is drivingly connected with each rotor, used for externally outputting mechanical power; the phase compensator 11 is configured to detect and correct the phase difference between the two rotors in real time. The device can be externally connected or internally built with a control system, and is signal connected with the electromagnetic clutch, the magnetic isolation layer and the phase compensator.

[0084] In order to ensure that the rotor and the intermittent stator are continuously repelled, there are two rotors and two intermittent stators in the device, when the rotor and the intermittent stator at one end are in a non-magnetic isolation state, the rotor and the intermittent stator at the other end are in a magnetic isolation state, the state of the rotor and the intermittent stator at both ends is that one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state and the other end is in a magnetic isolation state. Specifically, it can be shown as:

[0085] The working state of the A end and the B end satisfies: when the A end is in a non-magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is disconnected, the first rotor 6(1) and the intermittent stator 2(1) remain relatively stationary through magnetic repulsion, the rotor independently rotates to drive the transmission wheel to output power; when the B end is in a magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch is closed, the rotor and the intermittent stator are mechanically locked and synchronously rotated, and the magnetic isolation layer blocks the magnetic flux path; the control system is configured to control the A end and the B end to alternately switch between the magnetic isolation state and the non-magnetic isolation state, realizing continuous power output.

[0086] Figure 2 Magnetic isolation state schematic diagram. From Figure 2 It can be seen that there is a magnetic isolation layer 3 between the rotor 6 and the intermittent stator 2, and the rotor and the intermittent stator are in a magnetic isolation state.

[0087] Figure 3 Non-magnetic isolation state schematic diagram. From the figure, it can be seen that the rotor is composed of two symmetrical sectors, and the adjacent units are not provided with magnetic poles. The opposite places of the rotor 6 and the intermittent stator 2 are the same poles, and there is no obstruction between the rotor and the intermittent stator. At this time, the rotor and the intermittent stator are in a non-magnetic isolation state.

[0088] Specific implementation method two: referring to Figure 4 , the control system of the present application performs the following steps.

[0089] S1. The control system determines whether a start instruction is received, enters an initial state determination, and detects the current device fault level;

[0090] S2. If the fault level = 2 (device output power reduction), the controller sends a power reduction to the outside and enters a compensator auxiliary driving mode;

[0091] S3. If the fault level = 3 (shutdown), the controller sends a shutdown signal;

[0092] S4. Fault level < 2: enter the position detection process, the controller determines the relative position of the rotor and the intermittent stator according to the feedback signal of the sensor, and determines whether it meets the starting requirements;

[0093] S5. If the starting requirements are not met, the phase compensator is started to correct the relative position, and the correction is performed until the starting requirements are met;

[0094] S6. If the starting requirements are met, enter the starting state;

[0095] S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch of the non-secondary isolation state end, and close the electromagnetic clutch of the magnetic isolation state end;

[0096] S8. According to the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle that the rotor needs to rotate, the closing time and the opening time of the electromagnetic clutch are calculated;

[0097] S9. When the current speed is less than the fault threshold, enter S7;

[0098] S10. When the current speed is greater than or equal to the fault threshold, enter S5.

[0099] Among them, the fault level includes:

[0100] Level 1: When performing phase compensation, temporarily switch the generator to driving mode for position calibration;

[0101] Level 2: When single-end fault occurs, maintain reduced power operation through the non-fault end;

[0102] Level 3: Trigger emergency shutdown when double-end fault occurs.

[0103] Specific implementation method three: reference Figures 5-7 The present application is used in new energy vehicles, and a system composed of a generator and a power battery provides electric energy for the whole vehicle. Reference Figure 5 Under normal circumstances, route 1 is taken, the vehicle controller sends a start signal, the device is self-checked, and then starts to work and drives the generator to rotate. At this time, the electric energy converted by the generator can be distributed according to the demand of the whole vehicle: (1) all the electric energy converted by the generator is stored in the power battery; (2) part of the electric energy converted by the generator is supplied to the motor drive, and part of the electric energy is stored in the power battery.

[0104] When the device has a low-level fault or needs phase compensation, the 2-way line is used. When phase compensation is needed, the device sends a power demand to the vehicle controller and adjusts the control mode of the generator to the driving mode, and the vehicle controller allows the power battery to provide power to the generator. After the position is adjusted, the start signal is sent to the vehicle controller to restore the 1-way line.

[0105] When a fault occurs, if the device is only single-end fault, the device sends a power demand to the vehicle controller, at the same time sends fault level 2 (device output power reduction), and adjusts the control mode of the generator to the driving mode, drags the entire output shaft to rotate, and when the non-fault end rotor and the intermittent stator are in a non-magnetic isolation state, the start signal is sent to the vehicle controller, and the control mode of the generator is adjusted to the power generation mode.

[0106] If a double-end fault occurs, the device sends a fault level 3 (stop) to the vehicle controller, and the device stops output.

[0107] Under normal circumstances, after the device self-checks, it sends a start signal to the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller selects to close electromagnetic clutch 1 or electromagnetic clutch 2 according to the demand. When electromagnetic clutch 1 is closed, the device only extends the range and does not directly participate in driving. When the demand power of the vehicle is greater than a certain value, electromagnetic clutch 2 is closed, and the device directly participates in driving. The device provides fixed power, and adjusts the power of the motor to meet the driving demand.

[0108] In this application scenario, when only the range extending mode is used, the control accuracy of the device is moderate, the magnetic isolation layer can only use magnetic isolation material for magnetic isolation layer, and other devices are needed for magnetic isolation area coverage angle adjustment. The design goal is mainly large power, small size and low speed. Under the condition of ensuring normal work, the interaction area of the rotor and the intermittent stator is increased as much as possible. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 1:2. Figure 6 The figure is a non-magnetic isolation state diagram, 1 is an intermittent stator, 2 is a rotor, and 3 is a magnetic isolation layer. Figure 7 The figure is a magnetic isolation state diagram. When one end of the device is in a magnetic isolation state, other devices are needed to adjust the magnetic isolation layer to ensure that the other end enters a magnetic isolation state, and the rotor and the intermittent stator can be in a non-magnetic isolation state.

[0109] In hybrid mode, the control accuracy of the device is higher, and according to the specific demand, only the magnetic isolation material is used for the magnetic isolation layer (lower energy consumption), or the magnetic isolation material and the coil are used for the magnetic isolation layer (higher energy consumption). The magnetic isolation layer is fixed and does not need to rotate, and the design goal is mainly stable, larger power, small size and higher speed. The magnetic isolation area and the non-magnetic isolation area are kept consistent as much as possible. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 1:1.Figure 2 is the magnetic isolation state diagram, Figure 3 This is the non-magnetic isolation state diagram.

[0110] Specific embodiment 4: This device is used for off-grid power generation or microgrid. Figure 8 The BMS sends a start signal, and after the device completes its self-test, it begins operation, driving the generator and storing the converted energy in the energy storage battery pack. The BMS can set a certain SOC as a margin. When the SOC reaches a certain value, the excess energy can be supplied to the grid. Under this operating condition, the design objectives are primarily high power and low speed. This is applicable to the device selected in the extended-range mode described in Specific Implementation 3.

[0111] Specific embodiment five: This device is used in industry. The main requirements for industrial motors are high speed, high torque, and strong stability. High torque corresponds to the extended-range mode of specific embodiment three and the device used in specific embodiment four, and strong stability corresponds to the device used in the hybrid mode of specific embodiment three. The high speed requirement also means that the interaction area between the rotor and the intermittent stator should be minimized. For example, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is 2:1. The magnetic isolation layer can only use magnetic isolation materials as the magnetic isolation layer, and other devices are needed to adjust the coverage angle of the magnetic isolation area. Figure 9 In magnetic isolation state, Figure 10 In the non-magnetic isolation state, 1 is the intermittent stator, 2 is the magnetic isolation layer, and 3 is the rotor. When one end of the device is in the magnetic isolation state, other devices are required to adjust the magnetic isolation layer to ensure that when the other end enters the magnetic isolation state, the rotor at that end and the intermittent stator are in the non-magnetic isolation state.

[0112] It should be noted that the above embodiments are preferred embodiments, and the relevant functional components can be replaced by other components. The units and modules involved are not necessarily required for the present invention. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced.

[0113] The above is a detailed introduction to the multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet unidirectional drive device and control method provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0114] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "middle", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0115] In addition, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0116] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

Claims

1. A multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device, comprising an outer shell (1), an intermittent stator (2), a magnetic isolation layer (3), an intermittent stator fixing bracket (4), a rotor shaft (5), a rotor (6), a one-way rotation mechanism (7), an output wheel (8), an electromagnetic clutch (9), a transmission wheel (10), a phase compensator (11) and a control system (12), characterized in that: An outer shell (1) constituting an external supporting structure of the drive device; The intermittent stator (2) includes a first intermittent stator and a second intermittent stator, which are respectively coaxially arranged with the first rotor and the second rotor; A magnetic isolation layer (3) is provided in the air gap between each rotor and the corresponding intermittent stator, selectively blocking or conducting the magnetic flux path between the rotor and the stator; An intermittent stator fixing bracket (4) serving as a bracket for the intermittent stator; A rotor shaft (5) connected to the rotor (6) and driving the rotor (6) to rotate; The rotor (6) includes a first rotor and a second rotor, which are respectively arranged at the A end and the B end of the device; A one-way rotation mechanism (7) is connected to each intermittent stator to limit the intermittent stator to rotate in only one direction; The output wheel (8) is connected to the rotor shaft (5) and transmits the mechanical power generated inside the device to the outside to realize the driving function; An electromagnetic clutch (9) comprises a first clutch portion coaxially connected to the rotor (6) and a second clutch portion connected to the intermittent stator (2), and realizes mechanical coupling between the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) in an energized state; A transmission wheel (10) is connected to the rotor (6) for outputting mechanical power to the outside; A phase compensator (11) configured to detect and correct a phase difference between the rotor and the intermittent stator in real time; A control system (12) is connected to the electromagnetic clutch (9), the magnetic isolation layer (3) and the phase compensator (11) for detecting and processing device fault levels and controlling the A end and the B end to alternately switch between magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation states; The working states of the A end and the B end satisfy the following conditions: when one end is in a non-magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch (9) is disconnected, the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) remain relatively stationary due to the action of magnetic repulsion, and the rotor (6) independently rotates to drive the transmission wheel (10) to output power; when the other end is in a magnetic isolation state, the corresponding electromagnetic clutch (9) is closed, the rotor (6) and the intermittent stator (2) are mechanically locked and rotate synchronously, and the magnetic isolation layer (3) blocks the magnetic flux path to achieve continuous power output.

2. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic isolation layer comprises: a. a layer of high magnetic resistance material covering part or all of the magnetic pole area of ​​the rotor or stator surface; and / or b. A dynamic adjustment unit, embedded in the high magnetoresistance material layer, responds to a control signal to change the local magnetic permeability to achieve dynamic reconstruction of the magnetic flux path.

3. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic isolation layer is composed of a high magnetoresistance material, and / or a composite magnetoresistance material, and / or a composite structure of one of these materials and a coil.

4. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method of the magnetic isolation layer includes fixed installation or rotational adjustment installation according to the requirements of the use environment.

5. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic clutch is a multi-disc electromagnetic friction clutch, wherein the first clutch portion is integrated into the rotor shaft end, and the second clutch portion is slidingly connected to the intermittent stator bracket through a spline structure.

6. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way rotation mechanism includes a ratchet assembly fixed to the device housing; an overrunning clutch, the inner ring of which is interference-fitted with the intermittent stator shaft, and the outer ring is engaged with the ratchet assembly, limiting the intermittent stator to rotate only in a preset direction.

7. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase compensator includes: a Hall sensor array distributed around the circumference of the two rotors; a dynamic balancing algorithm module that calculates a phase compensation angle θ based on sensor signals and achieves phase synchronization by adjusting the activation timing of the magnetic isolation layer. The compensation angle θ satisfies: θ = k (Δφ / ω), where Δφ is the measured phase difference, ω is the rotor angular velocity, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

8. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system can be externally or internally located in the outer shell.

9. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system can be connected to the electromagnetic clutch, the magnetic isolation layer and the phase compensator signal in a wired or wireless manner.

10. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault levels include: Level 1: When performing phase compensation, the generator is temporarily switched to drive mode for position calibration; Level 2: When a single-end fault occurs, the non-fault end is used to maintain reduced power operation; Level 3: Emergency shutdown is triggered when a double-end fault occurs.

11. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system performs the following steps: S1. The control system determines whether it has received a start command, enters the initial state judgment, and detects the current device fault level; S2. If fault level = 2 (single-ended fault), the device output power decreases, the controller sends a power reduction signal, and enters compensator auxiliary drive mode. S3. If the fault level is 3, the machine will shut down and the controller will send a shutdown signal. S4. If the fault level is less than 2: The controller enters the position detection process. The controller determines the relative position of the rotor and intermittent stator based on the sensor feedback signal to determine whether it meets the startup requirements. S5. If the startup requirements are not met, the phase compensator is activated to perform relative position correction until the position meets the startup requirements. S6. Meet the startup requirements and enter the startup state; S7. Disconnect the electromagnetic clutch in the non-magnetic isolation state and close the electromagnetic clutch in the magnetic isolation state; S8. Calculate the closing and opening time of the electromagnetic clutch based on the current speed, the response time of the electromagnetic clutch, and the angle at which the rotor needs to rotate. S9. Determine if the current speed is less than the fault threshold and proceed to S7. S10. If the current speed is not less than the fault threshold, enter S5.

12. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power distribution strategy includes three distribution modes: The first distribution mode: all the electrical energy output by the generator is stored in the energy storage unit; Second distribution mode: Dynamically distribute electrical energy to driving loads and energy storage units; The third distribution mode: energy feedback control in reverse power supply mode.

13. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1 can be applied to: New energy vehicle power system, which forms a multi-mode drive architecture with motors and power batteries; Distributed power generation system, connecting generators and energy storage battery packs to achieve grid-connected, off-grid, on-grid and microgrid control; Industrial drive systems, providing electromechanical coupling solutions with variable torque output.

14. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that accomplish: First connection state: pure extended range power generation mode; Second connection state: direct drive auxiliary mode; The third connection state: composite drive mode.

15. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The coverage angle of the magnetic isolation layer is dynamically adjusted according to the working mode: In extended-range mode, the non-magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%; In hybrid mode, the magnetic isolation and non-magnetic isolation areas are approximately evenly distributed; In high speed mode, the magnetic isolation area accounts for more than 50%.

16. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The device is applied to on-grid or off-grid power generation or microgrid systems, connected to an energy storage battery pack and a power grid, and transmits excess electric energy to the power grid when the energy storage battery pack reaches a preset SOC value.

17. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to the range-extending mode or distributed power generation system of a new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:

2.

18. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to an industrial motor, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 2:

1.

19. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 13, characterized in that: When the device is applied to the hybrid mode of a new energy vehicle power system, the ratio of the magnetic isolation area to the non-magnetic isolation area is approximately 1:

1.

20. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment of the magnetic isolation layer is achieved through an independent mechanical device or a drive module integrated in the control system to ensure synchronous control of the magnetic flux path when the two ends are alternately switched.

21. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes: A magnetic circuit status monitoring unit to detect the magnetic flux distribution of each phase in real time; and / or A thermal management subsystem that integrates a temperature-sensitive magnetic isolation layer regulation mechanism; and / or The fault prediction module predicts the life of the magnetic isolation layer and the degree of demagnetization of the permanent magnet based on historical data.

22. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission wheel (10) and the output wheel (8) are connected via gears, belts or chains to achieve multi-stage output of mechanical power.

23. The multi-terminal alternating permanent magnet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of rotor + intermittent stator groups is ≥ 2, and the ratio of rotor to intermittent stator is 1:1, which can be flexibly configured according to load requirements.

24. A permanent magnet drive control method, characterized in that: The device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising: In the non-magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the magnetic repulsion between the rotor and the intermittent stator is used to drive the rotor to rotate in a single degree of freedom; In the magnetic isolation stage, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to close and the magnetic isolation layer is activated, so that the rotor and the intermittent stator form a rigid connection and rotate synchronously; By alternately activating the magnetic isolation / non-magnetic isolation state of end A and end B, uninterrupted power output is achieved.

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