Method and apparatus for wireless communication at first user equipment (UE)

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE) are described. The method comprises: transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a respective set of beamforming weights in a plurality of sets of beamforming weights for uplink communications; receiving, after transmitting the set of signals, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights based, at least in part, on at least a first transmit beam of the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights of the set of beamforming weights causing interference at a second UE; and transmitting a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights of the set of beamforming weights based at least in part on the indication, the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprising the second set of beamforming weights.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent application with application date June 11, 2021 and application number 202180042762.6.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 17 / 344,266, filed by RAGHAVAN et al. on June 10, 2021, entitled “BEAM TRAINING IN LARGE BANDWIDTH MILLIMETER WAVE SYSTEMS,” which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 63 / 042,358, filed by RAGHAVAN et al. on June 22, 2020, entitled “BEAM TRAINING INLARGE BANDWIDTH MILLIMETER WAVE SYSTEMS,” which has been assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0004] The following relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to beam training in large bandwidth millimeter wave (mmW) systems. Background Art

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and more. These systems are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), or LTE-A Pro, and fifth-generation (5G), which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).

[0006] A wireless multiple-access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may also be referred to as user equipment (UE). In some wireless communication systems (e.g., higher frequency ranges, such as Frequency Range 2 (FR2), Frequency Range 3 (FR3), Frequency Range 4 (FR4), or frequencies above 7.125 gigahertz (GHz)), larger antenna arrays may be used to beamform transmissions between UEs and base stations. In some cases, these larger antenna arrays may result in larger sidelobes for beamformed transmissions, which may adversely increase interference at other devices, such as UEs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0008] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a first UE. The method includes determining a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength property that is the same as every other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength properties that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength properties of every other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, receiving an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE, and transmitting a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0009] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE.The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be executed by a processor to cause the device to: determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE, receive an indication of a subset in the set of beamforming weights, and transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0010] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE. The apparatus can include means for: determining a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as that of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE, receiving an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights, and transmitting a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0011]

[0011] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to perform the following operations: determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE, receive an indication of a subset in the set of beamforming weights, and transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0012] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a UE. The method includes: receiving from a first UE an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a training process to determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; receiving from the first UE a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; determining that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE; and sending, based on the determination, an indication of a subset of the sets of beamforming weights associated with subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0013] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive from a first UE an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a training process to determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as that of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; receive from the first UE a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE; and send, based on the determination, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights associated with subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0014] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus can include components for: receiving from a first UE an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a training process to determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; receiving a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; determining that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE; and sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights associated with subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination.

[0015] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE. The code can include instructions executable by a processor to: receive from a first UE an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a training process to determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission, each set of beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength property that is the same as that of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength properties that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength properties of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; receive from the first UE a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE; and send, based on the determination, an indication of a subset of the sets of beamforming weights associated with subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0016] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a base station. The method includes: establishing a communication link with a UE; based on a first set of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights causing interference at the UE, receiving from the UE an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE; and based on receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from a second UE, sending to a device an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights.

[0017] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: establish a communication link with a UE; based on a first set of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights causing interference at the UE, receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights from the UE related to a subsequent transmission by the first UE; and based on receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from a second UE, send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to a device.

[0018] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station. The apparatus can include means for: establishing a communication link with a UE; receiving, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on a first set of beamforming weights causing interference at the UE; and sending, to a device, an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights based on receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from a second UE.

[0019] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a base station. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: establish a communication link with a UE; based on a first set of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights causing interference at the UE, receive from the UE an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to a subsequent transmission by the first UE; and based on receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from a second UE, send to a device an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights.

[0020] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a first UE. The method includes: transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a respective set of beamforming weights in a plurality of sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; receiving an indication of a subset of the sets of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based at least in part on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at a second UE; and transmitting a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based at least in part on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0021] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a UE. The method includes: receiving, from a first UE, an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for uplink communication; receiving, from the first UE, a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a respective set of one or more sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; and sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based at least in part on one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfering with reception of a second signal at the UE.

[0022] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a corresponding set of beamforming weights in a plurality of sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; after transmitting the set of signals, based at least in part on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at a second UE, receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights associated with a subsequent transmission by the first UE; and based at least in part on the indication, transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights.

[0023] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include a processor,

[0024] A memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a first UE, an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for uplink communication; receive a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a corresponding set of one or more sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; and send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights relating to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based at least in part on one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfering with reception of a second signal at the UE. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. However, the accompanying drawings illustrate only some typical aspects of the disclosure and, therefore, should not be considered to limit the scope thereof. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0026] Figure 1 Illustrated is an example of a system for wireless communications that supports beam training in a large bandwidth millimeter wave (mmW) system according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0028] Figure 3 Illustrated are examples of antenna array gain supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 4 Illustrated is an example of a process flow supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 5 and Figure 6 A block diagram of a device supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 7 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems is shown, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 8 An illustration of a system including a device supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A block diagram of a device supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems is shown, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 12 A diagram is shown of a system including a device supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 13-Figure 21 Shown is a flow chart illustrating a method of supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., those operating in higher frequency ranges, such as Frequency Range 2 (FR2), Frequency Range 3 (FR3), Frequency Range 4 (FR4), or frequencies above 7.125 gigahertz (GHz)), various wireless devices may use larger antenna arrays to beamform transmissions between the various wireless devices. In some implementations, these larger antenna arrays may result in relatively higher (e.g., larger) sidelobes for beamformed transmissions, which may adversely increase interference at other wireless devices. Techniques for reducing interference are needed.

[0038] Various aspects generally relate to a user equipment (UE) that performs a beam training process to determine which sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams from different options cause more or less interference at nearby UEs, and more particularly to a UE that receives feedback regarding various sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams so that the UE can select one or more sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams for use in mitigating interference at other devices, such as other UEs. To mitigate interference, a base station can configure a UE with multiple sets of beamforming weights (e.g., sets of beam options), each set of beamforming weights can result in a transmit beam of the transmit beam set that includes the same mainlobe signal strength properties (e.g., the same mainlobe settings or characteristics, such as the same mainlobe steering direction and the same mainlobe beamwidth) as other transmit beams in the transmit beam set and different sidelobe signal strength properties (e.g., different sidelobe settings or characteristics) than other transmit beams in the transmit beam set. That is, each set of beamforming weights in the plurality of sets of beamforming weights may correspond to a different transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, wherein each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams may have the same main lobe (e.g., corresponding to the same main lobe signal strength attribute) as each of the other transmit beams and different side lobes for the corresponding transmit beam (e.g., corresponding to different side lobe signal strength attributes). The UE may then perform a beam training process to determine which sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams cause less or more interference at nearby UEs. As part of the beam training process, the UE may transmit signals using one or more transmit beams created by corresponding sets of beamforming weights in the plurality of sets of beamforming weights, and the nearby UEs may determine which transmit beams and corresponding sets of beamforming weights cause more or less interference.

[0039] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The described communication devices can perform operations that can provide improved interference management and mitigation for multiple communication devices. In some implementations, the communication device can determine which of a plurality of sets of beamforming weights and transmit beams and corresponding sets of transmit beams cause more interference at nearby devices than other beamforming weights in the set. The communication device can send subsequent communications using the sets of beamforming weights and transmit beams that cause less interference, thereby reducing transmissions to nearby devices that the communication device's interference may affect, and reducing the number of retransmissions that the communication device may use due to the avoidance of interference and other problems. With fewer retransmissions, the communication device can enable nearby devices to improve power efficiency by processing fewer messages and reducing the latency of related operations and processing.

[0040] Aspects of the present disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Additionally, aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated by additional wireless communication systems, antenna array gain, and process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to beam training in wide-bandwidth millimeter-wave (mmW) systems.

[0041] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or more of enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low-latency communication, or communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

[0042] Base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form wireless communication system 100 and may be devices of different forms or capabilities. Base stations 105 and UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 over which UEs 115 and base station 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which base stations 105 and UEs 115 may support communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0043] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be different forms of devices or devices with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. The UEs 115 described herein are capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, base stations 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relays, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), such as Figure 1 shown.

[0044] Base stations 105 can communicate with core network 130, with each other, or with both. For example, base stations 105 can interface with core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base stations 105 can communicate with each other over backhaul links 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces), either directly (e.g., between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130), or both. In some examples, backhaul links 120 can be or include one or more wireless links.

[0045] The one or more base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by one of ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB or a giga NodeB (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a home NodeB, a home eNodeB, or other appropriate terminology.

[0046] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other appropriate terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.

[0047] The UE 115 described herein is capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as base stations 105 and network equipment, including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples. Figure 1 shown.

[0048] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of radio frequency spectrum resources with a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier used for communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling to coordinate carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may use carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation to support communications with UE 115. UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0049] In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be positioned according to a channel grid for discovery by a UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, where a UE 115 may perform initial acquisition and connection via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, where a different carrier (e.g., of the same or different radio access technology) is used to anchor the connection.

[0050] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105, or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. A carrier may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode) or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0051] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of a radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a plurality of determined bandwidths of a carrier for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 Hertz (MHz)). A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communication on one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 or a UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) of the carrier bandwidth or the entire carrier bandwidth.

[0052] The signal waveform transmitted on a carrier wave may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In systems employing MCM techniques, a resource element may comprise one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the modulation order, the modulation code rate, or both). The more resource elements received by UE 115 and the higher the modulation order, the higher the data rate for UE 115 may be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may also increase the data rate or data integrity used for communications with UE 115.

[0053] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, where the parameter set may include subcarrier spacing ( ) and cyclic prefix. A carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some examples, UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier can be active at a given time, and communication by UE 115 can be restricted to one or more active BWPs.

[0054] The time intervals of the base station 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, The sampling period is seconds, where can indicate the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and The maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals for communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each of which has a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0055] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, (e.g., in the time domain) a frame may be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a plurality of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a plurality of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of a cyclic prefix that precedes each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may also be divided into a plurality of mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In addition to the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0056] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0057] Physical channels can be multiplexed across carriers according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels can be multiplexed across downlink carriers using one or more time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel can be defined by multiple symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, with each search space set including one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level for a control channel candidate can refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the coded information for a control information format with a given payload size. A search space set can include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115.

[0058] Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, such as one or more of a macro cell, a small cell, a hotspot, or other types of cells. The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with base station 105 (e.g., via a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other identifier) used to distinguish between adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area 110 or a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) within which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors, such as the capabilities of base station 105, such cells may range from a smaller area (e.g., a structure, a subset of structures) to a larger area. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of buildings, or the external space between or overlapping geographic coverage area 110, among other examples.

[0059] A macro cell typically covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 with service subscriptions to a network provider that supports the macro cell. Small cells may be associated with lower-power base stations 105 than macro cells, and may operate in the same or different frequency bands (e.g., licensed or unlicensed) as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 with service subscriptions to a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with the small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A base station 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communication on one or more cells using one or more component carriers.

[0060] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0061] In some examples, base stations 105 can be mobile and provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0062] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations 105 can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 can be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 can have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different base stations 105 can be misaligned in time. The techniques described herein can be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0063] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application, which utilizes or presents the information to humans interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable machines or other devices to behave autonomously. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial billing.

[0064] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not simultaneous transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., in accordance with narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0065] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. The UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication can include private communication or group communication and can be supported by one or more mission-critical services such as mission-critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission-critical video (MCVideo), or mission-critical data (MCData). Support for mission-critical functions can include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services can be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency can be used interchangeably in this document.

[0066] In some examples, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 via device-to-device (D2D) communication links 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from base station 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UEs 115 without involving base station 105.

[0067] In some systems, D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination thereof. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency situations, or any other information relevant to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or both.

[0068] The core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130, which can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), can include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) that manages access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), a user plane function (UPF)) that routes packets or interconnects to external networks. The control plane entities can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management, for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred via the user plane entities, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entities can connect to network operator IP services 150. Operator IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0069] Some network devices, such as base stations 105, may include subcomponents such as access network entities 140, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with the UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmit / receive points (TRPs). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity 140 or each base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0070] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 GHz. The region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is often referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but these waves can penetrate structures sufficiently for a macrocell to provide service to a UE 115 located indoors. Transmissions using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmissions using the lower frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0071] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the super high frequency (SHF) region, using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as the centimeter band), or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter distances than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed in transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the designated use of frequency bands across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory body.

[0072] The wireless communication system 100 can use licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can employ license-assisted access (LAA), LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band, such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. If operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, devices such as the base station 105 and the UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in the unlicensed band can be based on a carrier aggregation configuration along with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in the unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

[0073] A base station 105 or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located at different geographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array with multiple rows and columns of antenna ports, which the base station 105 may use to support beamforming for communications with a UE 115. Similarly, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panels may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0074] Base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to exploit multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. For example, multiple signals can be transmitted by a transmitting device via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Similarly, multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technologies include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0075] Beamforming (also referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements in an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals transmitted via antenna elements can include the transmitting or receiving device applying an amplitude shift, a phase shift, or both to the signals carried by the antenna elements associated with that device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device, or relative to some other direction).

[0076] The base station 105 or the UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by the base station 105 in different directions. For example, the base station 105 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as the base station 105, or by a receiving device such as the UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 105.

[0077] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device, such as UE 115). In some examples, a beam direction associated with a transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0078] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., base station 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from base station 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights used for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to the number of configured beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Base station 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may employ similar techniques for sending signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or for sending signals in a single direction (e.g., for sending data to a receiving device).

[0079] If various signals, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals, are received from base station 105, a receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening). For example, the receiving device may attempt multiple reception directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights), or processing received signals according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., if receiving a data signal). The single reception configuration may be aligned with a beam direction determined based on listening according to different reception configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0080] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer layer or the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly for communication over logical channels. The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority processing and multiplex logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection, error correction, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide for the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and the base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

[0081] UE 115 and base station 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood of successfully receiving the data. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data over communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve MAC layer throughput under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a particular slot for data received in previous symbols in that slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent slots or based on some other time interval.

[0082] Some wireless communication systems (e.g., higher frequency ranges such as FR2, FR3, FR4, or frequencies above 7.125 GHz) may use larger antenna arrays to beamform transmissions between UE 115 and base station 105. In some implementations, these larger antenna arrays may result in higher (e.g., larger) sidelobes for beamformed transmissions, which may increase interference at other wireless devices. For example, sidelobes at certain angles may be the result of beam weights designed to direct energy in a specific set of directions via the main lobe. In some implementations, the sidelobes are low in magnitude, so that nearby wireless devices are not significantly or significantly affected. However, for higher frequency ranges and larger antenna arrays, the sidelobes may be larger in magnitude or include different angles that affect the communications of nearby wireless devices. Techniques for reducing interference are needed.

[0083] Various aspects generally relate to interference mitigation and management, and more particularly, to a UE 115 performing a beam training procedure using multiple sets of beamforming weights corresponding to sets of transmit beams to determine which sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams cause more or less interference at nearby wireless devices, such as additional UEs 115. In some aspects, each of the multiple sets of beamforming weights and corresponding transmit beams can include the same or similar mainlobe signal strength properties (e.g., the same mainlobe settings or characteristics, such as the same mainlobe steering direction and the same mainlobe beamwidth) and different sidelobe signal strength properties (e.g., different sidelobe settings or characteristics) relative to other transmit beams in the transmit beam set. In some implementations, the UE 115 can perform a beam training procedure with nearby UEs 115 by signaling to a base station 105 on multiple uplink transmit beams, wherein the nearby UE 115 indicates which uplink transmit beams, corresponding sets of beamforming weights, or both cause more or less interference to the nearby UE 115. For example, a nearby UE 115 may report a single transmit beam / beamforming weight set for the UE 115 to use for subsequent communications (e.g., uplink communications) with the base station 105, a subset of transmit beams / beamforming weight sets for the UE 115 to use for subsequent communications (e.g., in a sorted list), or one or more transmit beams / beamforming weight sets that the UE 115 does not use for subsequent communications.

[0084] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 can include one or more base stations 105 and UEs 115 (e.g., cars, mobile devices, and additional UEs), which can be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1 Examples of corresponding base stations 105 and UEs 115 are depicted. As shown, wireless communication system 200 may include base station 105-a, base station 105-b, UE 115-a, UE 115-b, UE 115-c, UE 115-d, and UE 115-e. Additionally, wireless communication system 200 may include an access network transport entity 145-a that facilitates communication between base stations 105 and UEs 115 (e.g., between base station 105-b and UE 115-c), and may include multiple communication links 125 for transmitting messages between different wireless devices (e.g., between two UEs 115, between a base station 105 and a UE 115, or between an access network transport entity and a UE 115 or a base station 105).

[0085] The wireless communication system 200 supports beamforming for communication between devices. The wireless communication system 200 can use beamforming to improve link margins that are degraded due to path, penetration, and blocking losses. The devices can steer beams in a set of specific directions and can use beam scanning (e.g., as part of a beam refinement process) to determine good (e.g., optimal) beamforming weights for establishing a communication link 125 between two devices. For example, the DFT beamforming weights can create main sidelobes that are spaced (e.g., approximately 13.5 dB apart) from the peak array gain direction (i.e., main lobe signal strength or direction). As shown, UE 115-a can send communications using a beamformed transmission that includes at least a main lobe 205 (or the main portion of a beam or lobe) and one or more sidelobes 210 (or secondary or side portions of a beam), such as sidelobe 210-a and sidelobe 210-b. For example, UE 115-a may transmit uplink data or messages to base station 105-a via UE 115-d using main lobe 205 and one or more side lobes 210, where UE 115-d relays the uplink data or messages to base station 105-a. Additionally, UE 115 may change the peak gain direction or side lobe direction (generally, the gain profile). In some implementations, UE 115 may see gain in directions that are not intended for beamformed transmissions. For example, UE 115 may create one or more side lobes 210 at some angles as a result of beam weights that are designed to direct energy in a particular set of directions via main lobe 205. However, the direction and amplitude of one or more side lobes 210 may be undesirable or may vary based on different characteristics of the device transmitting the beamformed transmission.

[0086] Additionally, wireless communication system 200 can support higher frequency ranges, such as FR2, FR3, FR4, or frequencies generally above 7.125 GHz. For example, operation in the "60 GHz" band can encompass coverage in the 57-71 GHz range. Based on operation in these higher frequency ranges, devices in wireless communication system 200 can use large antenna arrays over large or ultra-wide bandwidths. The antenna elements in these large antenna arrays can be spaced with a specific inter-element spacing for ultra-wideband operation. For example, if the inter-element spacing for a first frequency is 2.5 mm (where, for 60 GHz, 2.5 = λ / 2, where λ represents wavelength, making the inter-element spacing correspond to half the wavelength for 60 GHz operation), the impact of the inter-element spacing can depend on the actual operating frequency for the device (e.g., the inter-element spacing can create a wavelength that is 0.95*λ / 2 at 57 GHz and 1.18*λ / 2 at 71 GHz). For operations outside the higher frequency range (e.g., outside the 57-71 GHz range), interference in out-of-band scenarios may affect other devices (subject to effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) constraints at the target node).

[0087] In some implementations, one or more UEs 115 in wireless communication system 200 may use a 16×1 antenna array (e.g., a large antenna array consisting of 16 antenna elements in a single row or column) for operation in the 60 GHz band, where the antenna array's coverage area is ±60° around the boresight direction. If the inter-element spacing is 2.5 mm for a first frequency as described above (e.g., 2.5 = λ / 2 for 60 GHz), the characteristics associated with the inter-element spacing vary depending on the operating frequency. Thus, the wavelength associated with the inter-element spacing is 0.95*λ / 2 at 57 GHz and 1.18*λ / 2 at 71 GHz. As an example, UE 115-a may transmit a main lobe 205, which may be directed at a first angle (e.g., 45°). Based on the first angle, the array gain may vary for different carrier frequencies. UE 115-a may determine a set of beamforming weights for a specific carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz), which may not match other carrier frequencies. Depending on which carrier frequency the other UE 115 or node is operating on (and the corresponding impact of the inter-element spacing) and the direction of the main lobe 205 (i.e., the first angle) and the direction relative to the source node (i.e., UE 115-a), UE 115-a may see different interference and sidelobe levels.

[0088] In some implementations, creating filters that notch or suppress signals outside the frequency band in which the device is operating can mitigate out-of-band glitches (i.e., interference from a frequency band different from the one in which the device is operating). However, filters can be expensive, potentially consuming significant power and chip area, and different devices with different capabilities may suppress out-of-band signals differently. Additionally, in-band interference can be more problematic. For example, multiple devices may use frequencies between 59 GHz and 61 GHz, so beamformed transmissions outside of these frequencies in the 57-71 GHz range may be problematic and cause interference at nearby devices using frequencies between 57 GHz and 71 GHz. As shown, a beamformed transmission from UE 115-a may cause interference 215 at a nearby UE 115. For example, sidelobe 210-b may cause interference 215-a at UE 115-b and interference 215-b at UE 115-c.

[0089] To mitigate interference 215, UE 115-a (e.g., a source node) may perform a beam training procedure with nearby devices, such as UE 115-b and UE 115-c. During the beam training procedure, UE 115-a (or a different device acting as the source node, such as base station 105 or customer premises equipment (CPE)) may initially use different types of beams for downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both at a carrier frequency of interest, where the different types of beams correspond to beams having different characteristics, such as different peak gains and directions for one or more sidelobes 210. For example, UE 115-a may transmit an uplink transmission to base station 105-a (via UE 115-d) using each type of beam from the different types of beams, such as transmitting a first instance of the uplink transmission on a first beam having a first set of characteristics, transmitting a second instance of the uplink transmission on a second beam having a second set of characteristics, and transmitting a third instance of the uplink transmission on a third beam having a third set of characteristics (up to the number of beams and instances configured for the beam training procedure). For a beam training process, after sending uplink transmissions to base station 105-a using different types of beams having different characteristics, nearby devices (e.g., UE 115-b and UE 115-c) may report which beams caused a higher or lower amount of interference at the nearby devices as a result of the uplink transmissions sent by UE 115-a. Different devices (e.g., base station 105) may send downlink transmissions using different beams having different characteristics to perform a similar beam training process to identify downlink transmissions that cause interference at nearby devices, and the nearby devices may indicate which beams caused a higher or lower amount of interference at the nearby devices as a result of the downlink transmissions sent by the different devices.

[0090] These different beam types may have the same mainlobe steering direction and mainlobe beamwidth and comparable peak gain and gain distribution in the mainlobe 205 (i.e., a mainlobe within a threshold). However, the different beam types may differ in sidelobe levels and interference profiles, such that beam types refer to different transmit beams with different sidelobe levels and interference profiles. UE 115-a may determine sets of beamforming weights that may correspond to the different beam types, where each set of beamforming weights corresponds to a respective transmit beam in a transmit beam set for a different beam type. For example, a single beamforming weight may be associated with a respective antenna element in an antenna array for a particular precoding of UE 115-a. UE 115-a may then use the set of beamforming weights (e.g., from the plurality of beamforming weight sets) and the corresponding set of antenna elements to generate a single transmit beam in the transmit beam set.

[0091] Each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams may have the same mainlobe signal strength properties (e.g., main beam settings) to generate the same or similar main lobes 205, and one or more different sidelobe signal strength properties (e.g., different side beam settings) to generate sidelobes 210 that are different from other transmit beams in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the base station 105-a may pre-configure the set of beamforming weights within the UE 115-a, a network device may signal the set of beamforming weights to the UE 115-a, or the UE 115-a may determine the set of beamforming weights in a different manner based on an antenna array built into the UE 115-a.

[0092] After UE 115-a uses a different type of beam for each of its uplink (or downlink) transmissions, other nodes (e.g., target nodes, such as UE 115-b and UE 115-c, or other UEs 115 and CPE) may report beam types that mitigate interference at the carrier frequency of those other nodes. For example, each of these other nodes may report an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights or an indication of one or more corresponding transmit beams, or both, that UE 115-a may use for subsequent communications that cause less interference at the other nodes. In some implementations, each of the other nodes may report a single set of beamforming weights / transmit beams for UE 115-a to use for subsequent communications, or may report multiple sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams for UE 115-a to use for subsequent communications. In some such implementations, UE 115-a may rank the multiple sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams reported by the other nodes, e.g., in a ranked list of increasing likelihood of interference for subsequent communications. Alternatively, the other nodes may report one or more sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams that UE 115-a does not use for subsequent communications based on the one or more sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams that cause higher interference levels at the other nodes.

[0093] In some implementations, the other nodes may report the indication of which beamforming weights / sets of transmit beams to use or not use directly to UE 115-a (e.g., via sidelink messaging if the other nodes are additional UEs 115, or via downlink messaging if the other nodes include base stations 105). Additionally or alternatively, the other nodes may report the indication to the respective node's serving base station 105, which may then forward the indication directly to UE 115-a or send the indication to the additional base station 105 serving UE 115-a via a backhaul connection. In such examples, the additional base station 105 may then send the indication to UE 115-a. For example, UE 115-b and UE 115-c may each send an indication of which beamforming weights / sets of transmit beams to use or not use directly to UE 115-a or base station 105-b (e.g., via access network transport entity 145-a and UE 115-e, respectively). If the indication is sent to base station 105-b, base station 105-b may then send the indication directly to UE 115-a, or may send the indication indirectly to UE 115-a via base station 105-a (e.g., via a backhaul connection or via beamforming transmission), which may then send the indication to UE 115-a (e.g., directly or via UE 115-d). UE 115-a may then configure its antennas with an appropriate set of beamforming weights to generate a corresponding transmit beam for subsequent transmissions, resulting in less interference at other nodes.

[0094] Additionally or alternatively, other nodes may perform measurements on different transmit beams. For example, these other nodes may measure signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received power (RSRP), or different power measurements for each of the different transmit beams. The other nodes may then report these power measurements to the UE 115-a (e.g., directly or indirectly through one or more base stations 105 as described above), and the UE 115-a may then determine which sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams to use for subsequent communications based on the reported measurements. Additionally or alternatively, if the measurements are reported to the base station 105, the base station 105 may determine one or more sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams for the UE 115-a to use to reduce interference 215 and signal an indication of the determined sets of beamforming weights / transmit beams to the UE 115-a (e.g., directly or indirectly through an additional base station 105).

[0095] Figure 3An example of antenna array gain 300 supporting beam training in a wide-bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, antenna array gain 300 can implement aspects of wireless communication systems 100 and 200. For example, antenna array gain 300 can represent different antenna array gains for different transmit beams 305 transmitted by a source UE 115 having similar main lobes (e.g., within a threshold range) but different side lobes. Source UE 115 can perform a beam training process with nearby UEs 115 to determine which transmit beams 305 cause a greater amount of interference at the nearby UE 115 (or additional nearby devices). In some examples, source UE 115 can operate at 60 GHz (UE60).

[0096] As part of the beam training process, source UE 115 may use five beam types (i.e., five different sets of beamforming weights resulting in different interference profiles or levels of sidelobes of the beamformed transmissions) corresponding to five transmit beams 305 (i.e., transmit beam 305-a, transmit beam 305-b, transmit beam 305-c, transmit beam 305-d, and transmit beam 305-e) for uplink transmissions at 60 GHz to serving base station 105 (gNB60). These five transmit beams may correspond to similar mainlobe characteristics (i.e., similar peak gain and direction), but have different sidelobe levels at different angles. As an example, two other UEs 115 in the vicinity of source UE 115 may operate at different frequencies (such as 71 GHz) within the in-band operation of source UE 115 (e.g., within the range of 57-71 GHz). For example, UE 115-f and UE 115-g may receive downlink communications from additional base stations 105 also operating at different frequencies.

[0097] However, the uplink transmission from source UE 115 may interfere with the reception of the downlink transmission at UE 115-f and UE 115-g based on the sidelobe direction of the uplink transmission. As part of the beam training process, UE 115-f and UE 115-g may report information to enable source UE 115 to reduce the interference caused by the uplink transmission. For example, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As described, UE 115-f and UE 115-g may report a single transmit beam 305 for use by source UE 115 to mitigate or reduce interference, multiple transmit beams 305 for use by source UE 115 to mitigate or reduce interference, or one or more transmit beams 305 that source UE 115 does not use for subsequent communications. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-f and UE 115-g may report different power or signal measurements for each transmit beam 305, and source UE 115 may determine which transmit beam 305 to use based on the power / signal measurements. In some implementations, UE 115-f and UE 115-g may report the transmit beam(s) 305 for use or not for use by source UE 115 directly to source UE 115 (e.g., via sidelink messaging) or to an additional base station 105, which then sends an indication to source UE 115 (e.g., directly or via serving base station 105). The source UE 115 may then use the indicated or determined transmit beam 305 for subsequent transmissions to mitigate interference to other UEs 115 and additional devices in the vicinity.

[0098] For example, as shown, UE 115-f may instruct source UE 115 to use transmit beam 305-b or transmit beam 305-c for subsequent transmissions or communications based on the sidelobes of the beamformed transmission causing these transmit beams 305 to not have the same high array gain. UE 115-f may explicitly indicate transmit beam 305-b alone, both transmit beam 305-b and transmit beam 305-c in a ranked list indicating that transmit beam 305-b causes less interference than transmit beam 305-c, instruct source UE 115 not to use transmit beam 305-a, transmit beam 305-d, or transmit beam 305-e, or transmit power / signal measurements for each of transmit beams 305 to report this indication. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-g may experience similar interference with the array gain caused by uplink communications from source UE 115. However, the UE 115 - g may still report information regarding which transmit beams 305 cause less interference than other transmit beams 305 .

[0099] Figure 4 An example of a process flow 400 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the process flow 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and / or 200. For example, the process flow 400 can include a base station 105-c, a UE 115-h, and a UE 115-i, which can be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1-Figure 3The depicted examples correspond to base station 105 and UE 115. Additionally, base station 105-c, UE 115-h, and UE 115-i may operate in a frequency range above 7.125 GHz.

[0100] In the following description of process flow 400, operations between base station 105-c, UE 115-h, and UE 115-i may be presented in a different order than shown, or operations performed by base station 105-c, UE 115-h, and UE 115-i may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 400, or other operations may be added to process flow 400. Although base station 105-c, UE 115-h, and UE 115-i are shown as performing many of the operations of process flow 400, any wireless device may perform the illustrated operations.

[0101] At 405, the UE 115-h may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as every other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of every other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. For example, the same mainlobe signal strength attributes may include one or more of a same peak beamforming array gain of the mainlobe, a same peak beamforming array gain direction, a same mainlobe beamwidth, or a same gain distribution. Additionally or alternatively, the same mainlobe signal strength attributes for each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams may include a mainlobe associated with each respective transmit beam being within a threshold signal strength of a corresponding mainlobe associated with every other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

[0102] At 410, the UE 115-h may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the UE 115-h may transmit the set of signals using each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams (e.g., each transmit beam may correspond to a corresponding set in a set of beamforming weights).

[0103] At 415, UE 115-h may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights that caused interference at UE 115-i. For example, the subset of the set of beamforming weights may be used by UE 115-h for subsequent transmissions. Additionally, UE 115-i may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from UE 115-h interfere with reception of a second signal at UE 115-i. In some implementations, at 415-a, UE 115-h may receive an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from UE 115-i via a sidelink message. Additionally or alternatively, at 415-b, UE 115-h may receive an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from base station 105-c via a downlink message.

[0104] In some implementations, if an indication of a subset of a set of beamforming weights is received, the UE 115-h may receive an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115-h may receive an indication of multiple sets of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions. For example, the UE 115-h may sort the multiple sets of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights in order of increasing interference for subsequent transmissions. Alternatively, the UE 115-h may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights not to be used for subsequent transmissions.

[0105] Additionally or alternatively, at 420, the UE 115-h may receive (e.g., signaled directly to the UE 115-h from the UE 115-i or received from the UE 115-i via the base station 105-c) a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals. The UE 115-h may then determine a set of beamforming weights (e.g., a second set of beamforming weights) to be used for sending a subsequent transmission (e.g., a second signal) based on the signal measurement report. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105-c may determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the UE 115-h for the subsequent transmission based on the signal measurement report and indicate the beamforming weights to the UE 115-h. In some implementations, the signal measurement report may include one or more of an SNR, a SINR, an RSRP, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

[0106] At 425, the UE 115-h may send a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights from among the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication received at 415. In some implementations, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights may include the second set of beamforming weights.

[0107] Figure 5 A block diagram of a device 505 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 505 can be an example of aspects of a UE 115. The device 505 can include a receiver 510, a communication manager 515, and a transmitter 520. The communication manager 515 can be implemented at least in part by one or both of a modem and a processor. Each of these components can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0108] The receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems). The information may be passed to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may be a reference Figure 8 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0109] The communication manager 515 may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the communication manager 515 may send a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being sent on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. Subsequently, the communication manager 515 may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after sending the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at the second UE. The communications manager 515 may then transmit the second signal using a second set of beamforming weights from among the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0110] Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 515 may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a first UE for a training process to determine the first UE can use for transmission, each set of beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength properties as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength properties that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength properties of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. Additionally, the communications manager 515 may receive a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the communications manager 515 may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE. Subsequently, the communications manager 515 may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights for subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination.

[0111] In some examples, communication manager 515 may be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages for UE 115. For example, by determining which sets of beamforming weights and transmit beams are causing interference to UE 115 at nearby UE 115, UE 115 may send subsequent signals to mitigate or reduce the interference at nearby UE 115. In this way, nearby UE 115 may have more efficient power usage by reducing the use of retransmissions of previous downlink transmissions affected by interference.

[0112] Transmitter 520 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 505. In some examples, transmitter 520 can be co-located with receiver 510 in a transceiver assembly. For example, transmitter 520 can be a reference Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0113] Figure 6 A block diagram of a device 605 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 605 may be an example of aspects of device 505 or UE 115. Device 605 may include a receiver 610, a communication manager 615, and a transmitter 660. Communication manager 615 may be implemented at least in part by one or both of a modem and a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0114] The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems). The information may be passed to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be a reference Figure 8 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0115] Communications manager 615 may include beamforming weight component 620 , beam training component 625 , subset indication component 630 , interference mitigation component 635 , training process indication component 640 , beam training process component 645 , interference determination component 650 , and beamforming weight subset indicator 655 .

[0116] The beamforming weight component 620 can determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in the transmit beam set, each transmit beam in the transmit beam set having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set, and each transmit beam in the transmit beam set also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set.

[0117] The beam training component 625 can transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the set of transmit beams.

[0118] The subset indicating component 630 may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights causing interference at the second UE.

[0119] Interference mitigation component 635 can transmit a second signal using a second set of the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0120] The training process indication component 640 can receive a training process from the first UE to determine an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights that the first UE can use to transmit, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

[0121] The beam training process component 645 can receive a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

[0122] Interference determining component 650 can determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of the second signal at the UE.

[0123] The beamforming weight subset indicator 655 may send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights relevant to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination.

[0124] Based on the technique for receiving an indication of a subset of beamforming weights, the processor of the UE 115 (e.g., as described with reference to Figure 8 The described control (receiver 610, transmitter 660, or transceiver 820) can more efficiently determine a set of beamforming weights and transmit beams to use that causes less interference at nearby UEs 115. In this way, the processor of the UE 115 can reduce power usage at nearby UEs 115 by reducing interference at those nearby UEs 115.

[0125] Transmitter 660 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 605. In some examples, transmitter 660 can be co-located with receiver 610 in a transceiver assembly. For example, transmitter 660 can be a reference Figure 8 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The transmitter 660 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0126] Figure 7A block diagram of a communication manager 705 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 705 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 515, the communication manager 615, or the communication manager 810 described herein. The communication manager 705 can include a beamforming weight component 710, a beam training component 715, a subset indication component 720, an interference mitigation component 725, a signal measurement reporting component 730, a training process indication component 735, a beam training process component 740, an interference determination component 745, a beamforming weight subset indicator 750, and a signal measurement component 755. Each of these components can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0127] The beamforming weight component 710 may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some examples, the same mainlobe signal strength attribute for each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams may include a mainlobe associated with each respective transmit beam being within a threshold signal strength of a respective mainlobe associated with each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the same mainlobe signal strength attribute may include one or more of the same peak beamforming array gain, the same peak beamforming array gain direction, the same mainlobe beamwidth, or the same gain profile for the mainlobe. In some implementations, the first UE and the second UE may operate in a frequency range above 7.125 GHz.

[0128] The beam training component 715 can transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the set of transmit beams. In some examples, the beam training component 715 can transmit the set of signals using each transmit beam of the set of transmit beams.

[0129] The subset indication component 720 may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the signal set based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at the second UE. In some examples, the subset indication component 720 may receive an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions. In some examples, the subset indication component 720 may receive an indication of multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions. In some implementations, the multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights are sorted in order of increasing interference for the subsequent transmissions. In some examples, the subset indication component 720 may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights not to be used for subsequent transmissions.

[0130] In some examples, subset indicating component 720 can receive an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE via a sidelink message. Additionally or alternatively, subset indicating component 720 can receive an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the base station via a downlink message.

[0131] Interference mitigation component 725 can transmit a second signal using a second set of the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0132] The training process indication component 735 can receive a training process from the first UE to determine an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights that the first UE can use to transmit, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

[0133] The beam training process component 740 can receive a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some examples, the beam training process component 740 can receive the set of signals based on each set of beamforming weights.

[0134] Interference determining component 745 can determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE.In some implementations, the second signal can include an uplink message from a base station, a sidelink message from an additional UE, or both.

[0135] The beamforming weight subset indicator 750 may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination. In some examples, the beamforming weight subset indicator 750 may send an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE. In some examples, the beamforming weight subset indicator 750 may send an indication of multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE. In some implementations, the multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights are sorted in order of increasing interference for the subsequent transmissions. In some examples, the beamforming weight subset indicator 750 may send an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that are not used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0136] In some examples, the beamforming weight subset indicator 750 can send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the first UE via a sidelink message. Additionally or alternatively, the beamforming weight subset indicator 750 can send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the base station via an uplink message.

[0137] Signal measurement reporting component 730 can receive a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals. In some examples, signal measurement reporting component 730 can determine to transmit the second signal using a second set of beamforming weights based on the signal measurement report. In some implementations, the signal measurement report can include one or more of SNR, SINR, or RSRP.

[0138] The signal measurement component 755 can send a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals, wherein the subset of the set of beamforming weights is indicated based on the signal measurement report. In some implementations, the signal measurement report can include one or more of SNR, SINR, or RSRP.

[0139] Figure 8A diagram of a system including a device 805 that supports beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 805 may be an example of or include components of device 505, device 605, or UE 115. Device 805 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, including a communication manager 810, an I / O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, a memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., bus 845).

[0140] The communication manager 810 may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In addition, the communication manager 810 may send a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being sent on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the communication manager 810 may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after sending the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at the second UE. The communications manager 810 may then transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights from among the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0141] Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 810 may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights from a training process to determine a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission, each set of beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. Additionally, the communications manager 810 may receive a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. In some implementations, the communications manager 810 may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE. Subsequently, the communications manager 810 may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination.

[0142] The I / O controller 815 can manage the input and output signals of the device 805. The I / O controller 815 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into the device 805. In some implementations, the I / O controller 815 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, the I / O controller 815 can utilize an operating system such as OS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX® or another known operating system. In other cases, the I / O controller 815 can represent a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen or similar device, or can interact with these devices. In some implementations, the I / O controller 815 can be implemented as a part of a processor. In some implementations, a user can interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 1315 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 815.

[0143] The transceiver 820 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 820 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 820 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0144] In some implementations, a wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in some cases, a device may have more than one antenna 825 that may be capable of concurrently sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

[0145] The memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835, which includes instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 830 may also contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0146] The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, or one or more of discrete hardware components). In some implementations, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support beam training in a large-bandwidth mmW system).

[0147] The code 835 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some implementations, the code 835 may not be directly executed by the processor 840, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0148] Figure 9 A block diagram of a device 905 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 905 may be an example of aspects of base station 105. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a communication manager 915, and a transmitter 920. Communication manager 915 may be implemented at least in part by one or both of a modem and a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0149] The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems). The information may be delivered to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may be a reference Figure 12Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0150] The communication manager 915 may establish a communication link with the UE. In some implementations, the communication manager 915 may receive from the UE an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that caused interference at the UE. Additionally, the communication manager 915 may send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the device based on receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE.

[0151] The transmitter 920 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 can be co-located with the receiver 910 in a transceiver assembly. For example, the transmitter 920 can be a reference Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The transmitter 920 can utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0152] Figure 10 A block diagram of a device 1005 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 1005 may be an example of aspects of device 905 or base station 105. Device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a communication manager 1015, and a transmitter 1035. Communication manager 1015 may be implemented at least in part by one or both of a modem and a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam training in large bandwidth mmW systems). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be a reference Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0154] The communication manager 1015 may include a communication link component 1020 , a beamforming weight subset component 1025 , and a subset indicator 1030 .

[0155] Communication link component 1020 can establish a communication link with the UE.Beamforming weight subset component 1025 can receive, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights relevant to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that caused interference at the UE.

[0156] The subset indicator 1030 may send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the device based on receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE.

[0157] Transmitter 1035 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 1005. In some examples, transmitter 1035 can be co-located with receiver 1010 in a transceiver assembly. For example, transmitter 1035 can be a reference Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The transmitter 1035 can utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0158] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communication manager 1105 supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1105 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 915, the communication manager 1015, or the communication manager 1210 described herein. The communication manager 1105 can include a communication link component 1110, a beamforming weight subset component 1115, a subset indicator 1120, and a subset determination component 1125. Each of these components can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0159] The communication link component 1110 can establish a communication link with the UE.

[0160] The beamforming weight subset component 1115 can receive, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the beamforming weight sets related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on a first beamforming weight set in the beamforming weight sets that caused interference at the UE. In some implementations, each of the beamforming weight sets corresponds to a respective transmit beam in the transmit beam set, each transmit beam in the transmit beam set having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set, and each transmit beam in the transmit beam set also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set. In some implementations, the base station, the first UE, and the UE can operate in a frequency range above 7.125 GHz.

[0161] The subset indicator 1120 may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights to the device based on receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE. In some examples, the subset indicator 1120 may send an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE. In some examples, the subset indicator 1120 may send an indication of multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE. In some implementations, the multiple sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights are sorted in order of increasing interference for the subsequent transmissions. In some examples, the subset indicator 1120 may send an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that are not used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0162] In some examples, subset indicator 1120 can send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights to be sent to the first UE to the second base station. Additionally or alternatively, subset indicator 1120 can send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights to the first UE.

[0163] Subset determination component 1125 can receive a signal measurement report from the UE for a set of signals transmitted by the first UE using a set of beamforming weights. In some examples, subset determination component 1125 can determine a subset of the set of beamforming weights relevant to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the signal measurement report. In some implementations, the signal measurement report can include one or more of SNR, SINR, or RSRP.

[0164] Figure 12 A diagram of a system including a device 1205 that supports beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 1205 may be an example of or include components of device 905, device 1005, or base station 105 as described herein. Device 1205 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1210, a network communication manager 1215, a transceiver 1220, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, a processor 1240, and an inter-station communication manager 1245. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1250).

[0165] The communication manager 1210 may establish a communication link with the UE. In some implementations, the communication manager 1210 may receive, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights relevant to subsequent transmissions of the first UE based on a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that caused interference at the UE. Additionally, the communication manager 1210 may send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the device based on receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE.

[0166] The network communications manager 1215 may manage communications with the core network (eg, via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager 1215 may manage the sending of data communications for client devices such as one or more UEs 115.

[0167] The transceiver 1220 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 1220 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1220 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0168] In some implementations, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some cases, a device may have more than one antenna 1225 that may be capable of concurrently sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

[0169] The memory 1230 may include one or more of RAM or ROM. The memory 1230 may store computer-readable code 1235, which includes instructions that, if executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1240), cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1230 may contain, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0170] Processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, or one or more of discrete hardware components). In some implementations, processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1240. Processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting beam training in a large-bandwidth mmW system).

[0171] The inter-site communication manager 1245 can manage communications with other base stations 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for coordinating with other base stations 105 to control communications with the UE 115. For example, the inter-site communication manager 1245 can coordinate the scheduling of transmissions to the UE 115 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-site communication manager 1245 can provide an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between the base stations 105.

[0172] The code 1235 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some implementations, the code 1235 may not be directly executed by the processor 1240, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0173] Figure 13 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 1300 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0174] At 1305, the UE may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight components described are performed.

[0175] At 1310, the UE may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the transmit beam set. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training component described is performed.

[0176] At 1315, the UE may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at the second UE. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0177] At 1320, the UE may transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights from among the sets of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the sets of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights. The operations of 1320 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference mitigation components described are performed.

[0178] Figure 14 14. A flow chart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0179] At 1405, the UE may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight components described are performed.

[0180] At 1410, the UE may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the transmit beam set. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-8 The beam training component described is performed.

[0181] At 1415, the UE may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights that causes interference at the second UE 115. The operations of 1415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0182] At 1420, the UE may receive a signal measurement report for each signal in the signal set. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The Signal Measurement Report component described here performs the following operations:

[0183] At 1425, the UE may determine to transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights based on the signal measurement report. The operations of 1425 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The Signal Measurement Report component described here performs the following operations:

[0184] At 1430, the UE may transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, wherein the subset of the set of beamforming weights includes the second set of beamforming weights. The operations of 1430 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference mitigation components described are performed.

[0185] Figure 15 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0186] At 1505, the UE may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight components described are performed.

[0187] At 1510, the UE may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the transmit beam set. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training component described is performed.

[0188] At 1515, the UE may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at the second UE. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0189] At 1520, the UE may receive an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0190] At 1525, the UE may transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference mitigation components described are performed.

[0191] Figure 1616. A flow chart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0192] At 1605, the UE may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight components described are performed.

[0193] At 1610, the UE may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the transmit beam set. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training component described is performed.

[0194] At 1615, the UE may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at the second UE. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0195] At 1620, the UE may receive an indication of a plurality of beamforming weight sets to be used for subsequent transmissions in the beamforming weight set. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0196] At 1625, the UE may transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference mitigation components described are performed.

[0197] Figure 17 1700 is shown as a flow chart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0198] At 1705, the UE may determine a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight components described are performed.

[0199] At 1710, the UE may transmit a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam of the transmit beam set. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training component described is performed.

[0200] At 1715, the UE may receive an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights after transmitting the set of signals based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights causing interference at the second UE. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0201] At 1720, the UE may receive an indication of one or more of the beamforming weight sets not to be used for subsequent transmissions. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described subset instructs the component to perform.

[0202] At 1725, the UE may transmit a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based on the indication, the subset of the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights. The operations of 1725 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference mitigation components described are performed.

[0203] Figure 18 1800 is shown as a flow chart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0204] At 1805, a UE may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights that the first UE may use for transmission from a training process, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described training process instructs the components to perform.

[0205] At 1810, the UE may receive a set of signals from a first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training process described is performed by components.

[0206] At 1815, the UE may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of the second signal at the UE. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference determination component described is performed.

[0207] At 1820, the UE may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination. The operations of 1820 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight subset indicator described is performed.

[0208] Figure 19 1900 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0209] At 1905, the UE may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights that the first UE may use for transmission from a training process, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described training process instructs the components to perform.

[0210] At 1910, a UE may receive a set of signals from a first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training process described is performed by components.

[0211] At 1915, the UE may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of the second signal at the UE. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference determination component described is performed.

[0212] At 1920, the UE may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight subset indicator described is performed.

[0213] At 1925, the UE may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights to the first UE via a sidelink message. The operations of 1925 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1925 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight subset indicator described is performed.

[0214] Figure 20 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 or a component thereof. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 as described in reference to FIG. Figure 5-Figure 8 The communication manager described herein performs. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0215] At 2005, a UE may receive an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights that the first UE may use for transmission from a training process, each set of the beamforming weights corresponding to a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having a mainlobe signal strength attribute that is the same as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The described training process instructs the components to perform.

[0216] At 2010, the UE may receive a set of signals from a first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beam training process described is performed by components.

[0217] At 2015, the UE may determine that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of the second signal at the UE. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The interference determination component described is performed.

[0218] At 2020, the UE may send an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on the determination. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight subset indicator described is performed.

[0219] At 2025, the UE may send an indication of the subset of the beamforming weight set to the base station via an uplink message. The operations of 2025 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2025 may be as described with reference to Figure 5-Figure 8 The beamforming weight subset indicator described is performed.

[0220] Figure 21 A flow chart illustrating a method 2100 for supporting beam training in a large bandwidth mmW system according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 9-12 The communication manager described herein performs the following operations. In some examples, the base station may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0221] At 2105, the base station may establish a communication link with the UE. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 9-12 The described communication link components are implemented.

[0222] At 2110, the base station may receive, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the beamforming weight sets related to subsequent transmissions of the first UE based on a first beamforming weight set in the beamforming weight sets that caused interference at the UE. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9-12 The described beamforming weight subset component is performed.

[0223] At 2115, the base station may send an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the device based on receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9-12 The described subset indicator is executed.

[0224] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0225] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first UE, the method comprising: determining a set of beamforming weights for uplink communication, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; sending a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being sent on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, at least in part based on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE, after sending the set of signals, receiving an indication of a subset in the set of beamforming weights, and sending a second signal using a second set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights based at least in part on the indication, the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

[0226] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: receiving a signal measurement report for each signal in the signal set; and determining to use a second set of beamforming weights to send the second signal based at least in part on the signal measurement report.

[0227] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, wherein the signal measurement report includes one or more of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, or a reference signal received power.

[0228] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein receiving an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises receiving an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmission.

[0229] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein receiving an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises receiving an indication of a plurality of sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions.

[0230] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the plurality of beamforming weight sets in the beamforming weight set are sorted in order of increasing interference to subsequent transmissions.

[0231] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein receiving an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises receiving an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that are not used for subsequent transmission.

[0232] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from the second UE via a sidelink message.

[0233] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights from a base station via a downlink message.

[0234] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein transmitting the set of signals comprises transmitting the set of signals using each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

[0235] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the same mainlobe signal strength attributes include one or more of the same peak beamforming array gain of the mainlobe, the same peak beamforming array gain direction, the same mainlobe beamwidth or the same gain distribution.

[0236] Aspect 12: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the same main lobe signal strength attribute of each transmit beam in the transmit beam set includes the main lobe associated with each corresponding transmit beam being within a threshold signal strength of the corresponding main lobe associated with each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set.

[0237] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first UE and the second UE operate in a frequency range higher than 7.125 GHz.

[0238] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in a set of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for transmission during a training process, each set in the set of beamforming weights corresponding to a corresponding transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams having the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, and each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams also having one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each transmit beam in the other transmit beams in the set of transmit beams; receiving a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams; determining that one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfere with reception of a second signal at the UE; and sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based at least in part on the determination.

[0239] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 14, further comprising sending a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals, wherein the subset of the set of beamforming weights is indicated based at least in part on the signal measurement report.

[0240] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, wherein the signal measurement report includes one or more of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, or a reference signal received power.

[0241] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 16, wherein the second signal comprises an uplink message from the base station, a sidelink message from the additional UE, or both.

[0242] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 17, wherein sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0243] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 18, wherein sending an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of a plurality of sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0244] Aspect 20: The method according to Aspect 19, wherein the plurality of beamforming weight sets in the beamforming weight set are sorted in order of increasing interference to subsequent transmissions.

[0245] Aspect 21: A method according to any one of aspects 14 to 20, wherein sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights includes sending an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that are not used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0246] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 21, wherein receiving the set of signals comprises receiving the set of signals based at least in part on each of the sets of beamforming weights.

[0247] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 22, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the first UE via a sidelink message.

[0248] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 23, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the base station via an uplink message.

[0249] Aspect 25: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 24, wherein the same mainlobe signal strength attributes include one or more of the same peak beamforming array gain of the mainlobe, the same peak beamforming array gain direction, the same mainlobe beamwidth, or the same gain distribution.

[0250] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 25, wherein the main lobes of each beamforming weight in the set of beamforming weights are within a threshold signal strength of each other.

[0251] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 26, wherein the UE and the first UE operate in a frequency range higher than 7.125 GHz.

[0252] Aspect 28: A method for wireless communication at a base station, the method comprising: establishing a communication link with a UE; receiving, from the UE, an indication of a subset of the beamforming weight set related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE based on a first beamforming weight set in the beamforming weight set that causes interference at the UE; and sending, to a device, an indication of the subset of the beamforming weight set based on receiving an indication of the subset of the beamforming weight set from a second UE.

[0253] Aspect 29: According to the method of Aspect 28, the method also includes: receiving a signal measurement report from the UE for a set of signals sent by the first UE using the beamforming weight set; and determining a subset of the beamforming weight set related to subsequent transmissions of the first UE based at least in part on the signal measurement report.

[0254] Aspect 30: The method according to aspect 29, wherein the signal measurement report includes one or more of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, or a reference signal received power.

[0255] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of aspects 28 to 30, wherein sending an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of a separate set of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0256] Aspect 32: The method according to any one of aspects 28 to 31, wherein sending an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of a plurality of sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0257] Aspect 33: The method according to Aspect 32, wherein the plurality of beamforming weight sets in the beamforming weight set are sorted in order of increasing interference to subsequent transmissions.

[0258] Aspect 34: A method according to any one of aspects 28 to 33, wherein sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights includes sending an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights in the set of beamforming weights that are not used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE.

[0259] Aspect 35: The method according to any one of aspects 28 to 34, wherein sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights to be sent to the first UE to the second base station.

[0260] Aspect 36: The method according to any one of aspects 28 to 35, wherein sending an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises sending an indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights to the first UE.

[0261] Aspect 37: A method according to any one of Aspects 28 to 36, wherein each set in the beamforming weight set corresponds to a corresponding transmit beam in the transmit beam set, each transmit beam in the transmit beam set has the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set, and each transmit beam in the transmit beam set also has one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set.

[0262] Aspect 38: The method according to any one of aspects 28 to 37, wherein the base station, the first UE and the UE operate in a frequency range higher than 7.125 GHz.

[0263] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0264] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0265] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0266] Aspect 42: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 14 to 27.

[0267] Aspect 43: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method of any one of aspects 14 to 27.

[0268] Aspect 44: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 27.

[0269] Aspect 45: An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 28 to 38.

[0270] Aspect 46: An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 28 to 38.

[0271] Aspect 47: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 28 to 38.

[0272] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

[0273] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and the terminology of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in many descriptions, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0274] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the specification may be represented by one or more of voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, and optical fields or particles.

[0275] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with one or more of a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, or discrete hardware components designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0276] The functions described herein may be implemented in one or more of hardware, software executed by a processor, or firmware. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that portions of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0277] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transmission of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disk and disc include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0278] As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items preceded by a phrase such as "at least one" or "one or more") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0279] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number that distinguishes between the similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any similar component having the same first reference number, regardless of the second or subsequent reference numbers.

[0280] The example configurations are described herein in conjunction with the implementations illustrated in the accompanying drawings and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "superior to other examples." In order to provide an understanding of the described techniques, the detailed description includes specific details. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0281] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a corresponding set of beamforming weights in a plurality of sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; receiving, after transmitting the set of signals, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights based at least in part on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first one of the sets of beamforming weights causing interference at a second UE; as well as Based at least in part on the indication, a second signal is sent using a second set of beamforming weights from the set of beamforming weights, the subset of the set of beamforming weights including the second set of beamforming weights.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals; as well as A determination is made based at least in part on the signal measurement report to use the second set of beamforming weights to transmit the second signal.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the signal measurement report comprises one or more of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, or a reference signal received power.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of a separate one of the sets of beamforming weights to use for a subsequent transmission is received.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of a plurality of the sets of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions is received. 6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of the sets of beamforming weights are ordered in order of increasing interference with the subsequent transmission.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of one or more of the sets of beamforming weights not to be used for subsequent transmission is received.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: The indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights is received from the second UE via a sidelink message.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: The indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights is received from a base station via a downlink message.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the set of signals comprises: The set of signals is transmitted using each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each transmit beam in the transmit beam set has the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set, and wherein each transmit beam in the transmit beam set also has a corresponding set of one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from the corresponding set of one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of the other transmit beams in the transmit beam set.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the same mainlobe signal strength attributes comprise one or more of the same peak beamforming array gain of the mainlobe, the same peak beamforming array gain direction, the same mainlobe beamwidth, or the same gain distribution.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the same mainlobe signal strength property of each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams comprises a mainlobe associated with each respective transmit beam being within a threshold signal strength of a respective mainlobe associated with each other transmit beam in the set of transmit beams.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE is associated with a first base station corresponding to a first cell, and the second UE is associated with a second base station corresponding to a second cell different from the first cell.

15. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a first UE, an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for uplink communication; receiving a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a respective set of one or more sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; as well as An indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE is sent based at least in part on one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfering with reception of a second signal at the UE.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising sending a signal measurement report for each signal in the set of signals, wherein the subset of the set of beamforming weights is indicated based at least in part on the signal measurement report.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the signal measurement report comprises one or more of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, or a reference signal received power.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of a separate one of the sets of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE is sent.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of a plurality of the sets of beamforming weights to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE is sent.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of the sets of beamforming weights are ordered in order of increasing interference with the subsequent transmission.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: An indication of one or more of the sets of beamforming weights not to be used for subsequent transmissions by the first UE is sent.

22. The method of claim 15, wherein receiving the set of signals comprises: The set of signals is received based at least in part on each of the sets of beamforming weights.

23. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: The indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights is sent to the first UE via a sidelink message.

24. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights comprises: The indication of the subset of the set of beamforming weights is sent to a base station via an uplink message.

25. The method of claim 15 , wherein each transmit beam in the transmit beam set has the same mainlobe signal strength attribute as each other transmit beam in the transmit beam set, and wherein each transmit beam in the transmit beam set also has a corresponding set of one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes that are different from the corresponding set of one or more sidelobe signal strength attributes of the other transmit beams in the transmit beam set.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the same mainlobe signal strength attributes comprise one or more of the same peak beamforming array gain of the mainlobe, the same peak beamforming array gain direction, the same mainlobe beamwidth, or the same gain distribution.

27. The method of claim 15, wherein the main lobes of each beamforming weight in the set of beamforming weights are within a threshold signal strength of each other.

28. The method of claim 15, wherein the UE and the first UE operate in a frequency range above 7.125 gigahertz.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: processor, a memory coupled to the processor; as well as instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmitting a set of signals, each signal in the set of signals being transmitted on a corresponding transmit beam in the set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a corresponding set of beamforming weights in a plurality of sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; receiving, after transmitting the set of signals, an indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights associated with a subsequent transmission by the first UE based at least in part on at least a first transmit beam in the set of transmit beams corresponding to a first one of the sets of beamforming weights that causes interference at a second UE; as well as Based at least in part on the indication, a second signal is sent using a second set of the sets of beamforming weights.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: processor, a memory coupled to the processor; as well as instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving, from a first UE, an indication of one or more sets of beamforming weights to be used by the first UE for uplink communication; receiving a set of signals from the first UE, each signal in the set of signals being received from a respective transmit beam in a set of transmit beams, each transmit beam in the set of transmit beams being associated with a respective set of one or more sets of beamforming weights for uplink communication; as well as An indication of a subset of the set of beamforming weights related to subsequent transmissions by the first UE is sent based at least in part on one or more signals in the set of signals from the first UE interfering with reception of a second signal at the UE.

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