Internet of Things equipment synchronization method and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an Internet of Things equipment synchronization method and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of environment Internet of Things communication. The method comprises the step of performing synchronization by using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code and a postamble synchronization code, environment Internet of Things communication can be realized, and Internet of Things equipment can perform uplink and downlink synchronization, so that low cost, low power consumption and low complexity are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an Internet of Things device synchronization method, an Internet of Things device synchronization apparatus, a communication device, an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product. Background Art

[0002] Environmental IoT can perform waveform modulation and transmission without the help of batteries by obtaining energy from the environment or radio frequency signals.

[0003] In related technologies, the AIoT does not support the existing New Radio (NR) full-network synchronization mechanism, especially the random access process, which can only be performed through asynchronous communication. Therefore, it is urgent to design a synchronization method suitable for AIoT devices.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure provides an Internet of Things device synchronization method and related devices, which at least to a certain extent overcome the problem of poor synchronization of existing environmental Internet of Things devices.

[0006] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part by practice of the present disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for synchronizing an Internet of Things device is provided, comprising: performing synchronization using at least one of a leading synchronization code, a middle synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an IoT device synchronization apparatus is provided, including: a synchronization module configured to perform synchronization using at least one of a leading synchronization code, a middle synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code.

[0009] According to another method of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a base station and an Internet of Things device, wherein the base station and the Internet of Things device use at least one of a leading synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code for synchronization.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the above-mentioned method for synchronizing IoT devices by executing the executable instructions.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for synchronizing IoT devices is implemented.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including executable instructions, which are stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the executable instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the executable instructions, so that the electronic device performs the above-mentioned IoT device synchronization method.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, synchronization is performed using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code, thereby realizing environmental Internet of Things communication and enabling Internet of Things devices to synchronize uplink and downlink, thereby achieving low cost, low power consumption, and low complexity.

[0014] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture of a method for synchronizing IoT devices in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for synchronizing IoT devices provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 3 A flow chart of another method for synchronizing IoT devices provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 4 A structural diagram of Example 1 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 5 A structural diagram of Example 2 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 6 A structural diagram of Example 3 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 7 A structural diagram of Example 4 of an Internet of Things device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 8 A structural diagram of Example 5 of an Internet of Things device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 9 A structural diagram of Example 6 of an Internet of Things device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of an IoT device synchronization device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 12 A structural block diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0029] In addition, the accompanying drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Identical reference numerals in the figures denote identical or similar parts, and thus repetitive descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities that do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0030] For ease of understanding, before introducing the embodiments of the present disclosure, several terms involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure are first explained as follows:

[0031] Ambient IoT: Ambient IoT, or the Internet of Things, does not require batteries or power supplies. It obtains energy from the environment or radio frequency signals to modulate and transmit its own waveforms.

[0032] Preamble: A preamble signal, also known as a preamble synchronization code, is used to obtain synchronization position in asynchronous transmission and is generally located at the head of the transmitted signal.

[0033] Midamble: An intermediate code, also known as an intermediate synchronization code, is used to perform a synchronization modification or synchronization alignment in the middle of asynchronous transmission. It is usually located in the middle of the transmitted signal.

[0034] Postamble: Postamble signal, also called postamble synchronization code, is used to obtain the end position in asynchronous transmission, usually located at the end of the transmitted signal;

[0035] Device: IoT device terminal, also known as IoT device, is used to modulate and transmit the waveform of the energy obtained from the environment or radio frequency signals;

[0036] R2D: Reader to Device link, representing the downlink from the base station to the device;

[0037] D2R: Device to Reader link, representing the uplink from the device to the base station;

[0038] PRDCH: Physical Reader to Device Channel, a transmission channel on the R2D link used to transmit downlink information;

[0039] PDRCH: Physical Device to Reader Channel, a transmission channel on the D2R link used to transmit uplink information.

[0040] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the system architecture includes: a terminal 101 and a network device 102 ; wherein the terminal 101 interacts with the network device 103 through the network 102 .

[0042] It should be noted that the medium providing the communication link between the terminal 101 and the network device 103 can be a wired network or a wireless network.

[0043] Optionally, the above-mentioned wireless network or wired network uses standard communication technologies and / or protocols. The network is typically the Internet, but it can also be any network, including but not limited to a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a mobile, wired or wireless network, a private network or any combination of a virtual private network). In some embodiments, technologies and / or formats including Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), etc. are used to represent data exchanged over the network. In addition, conventional encryption technologies such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), etc. can be used to encrypt all or some links. In other embodiments, customized and / or dedicated data communication technologies can also be used to replace or supplement the above-mentioned data communication technologies.

[0044] The terminal 101 may be referred to as user equipment, terminal equipment, access equipment, user unit, user terminal or user device, etc.

[0045] In one embodiment, the terminal 101 may be a device that provides voice / data to a user, such as a handheld device or vehicle-mounted device with wireless connection capabilities. For example, the terminal 101 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a mobile Internet device, a virtual reality device, an augmented reality device, a wireless terminal used in industrial control, a wireless terminal used in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal used in remote surgery, a wireless terminal used in smart grids, a wireless terminal used in transportation safety, a wireless terminal used in smart cities, a wireless terminal used in smart homes, a cellular phone, etc., and the present disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0046] In the disclosed embodiments, terminal 101 may also be a terminal device in an IoT system. The IoT can connect objects to a network through communication technology, thereby enabling human-machine interaction and an intelligent network of connected things. For example, terminal 101 may be understood as an IoT device, or an IoT device terminal. Specifically, it may be understood as an Ambient IoT terminal or a Passive IoT device terminal. Terminal 101 may also be referred to as a UE (User Equipment).

[0047] In some embodiments, the network device 103 may be a base station, a relay, or an access point. The base station may be, but is not limited to, a base station of 5G or later versions (e.g., a gNB base station), or a base station in other communication systems (e.g., an eNB base station). It should be noted that the specific type of network-side device is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will know that Figure 1 The number of terminals and network-side devices in the figure is merely illustrative, and any number of terminals, networks, and network-side devices may be provided according to actual needs. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0049] Products based on ambient IoT can be low-cost, low-power, and low-complexity. However, due to cost constraints, IoT terminals often suffer from poor crystal oscillator performance, sampling, and timing capabilities, and are virtually incapable of autonomous communication. The lowest-capability products rely on backscatter for communication. Consequently, ambient IoT cannot support the full network synchronization and random access required by existing NRs, forcing them to rely on asynchronous communication. Designing a synchronization architecture with improved performance has become a pressing technical challenge.

[0050] In the above-described system architecture, to at least partially address the above-described technical issues, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for synchronizing IoT devices. This method can be performed by any electronic device with computing and processing capabilities. In some embodiments, the method can be performed by IoT devices within the above-described system architecture; in other embodiments, the method can be implemented by network devices (e.g., base stations) within the above-described system architecture.

[0051] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for synchronizing IoT devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the IoT device synchronization method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps:

[0052] S202: Use at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization.

[0053] In one embodiment, the preamble synchronization code can be used alone in the transmission header for synchronization; the preamble synchronization code can be added to the transmission header and the postamble synchronization code can be added to the end of the transmission for synchronization; the preamble synchronization code can be added to the transmission header, the middle synchronization code can be added in the middle of the transmission, and the postamble synchronization code can be added to the end of the transmission for synchronization.

[0054] It should be noted that, according to actual conditions, any combination of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code may be used for synchronization, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitation.

[0055] The above-mentioned transmission may include R2D transmission or D2R transmission. R2D transmission includes at least one of PRDCH, first R2D control information, reference signal, and broadcast information; D2R transmission includes at least one of PDRCH, first D2R control information, reference signal, and auxiliary information. The first D2R control information includes confirmation information for received data blocks, channel quality indication, scheduling request, etc. The first R2D control information can be used as control information for scheduling user data and may be carried on PRDCH or on a separately defined new channel. The first R2D control information includes R2D link scheduling allocation and D2R scheduling request. The R2D link scheduling allocation includes control information such as PDRCH resource indication, transmission format, and spatial division multiplexing. The D2R scheduling request includes information such as PDRCH resource allocation and transmission format. A reference signal, also known as a pilot signal, is a known signal provided by the transmitter to the receiver for signal estimation or signal detection. Broadcast information is a series of control information periodically sent by a base station to terminals within its coverage area. It can include system information blocks, master information blocks, cell-specific reference signals, paging information, and other broadcast information, enabling terminals to access the network and communicate based on this information. Auxiliary information helps base stations configure and manage radio resources to adapt to terminal capabilities and current network conditions. Auxiliary information can be sent autonomously by terminals to inform base stations of the capabilities of IoT devices at specific times or durations, enabling the base station to configure parameters appropriate for the IoT devices.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization, environmental Internet of Things communication can be achieved, and environmental Internet of Things devices can be synchronized for uplink and downlink, thereby reducing costs, reducing power consumption, and reducing the complexity of the communication system.

[0057] In one embodiment, when a preamble synchronization code is used for synchronization, the preamble synchronization code is located in a transmission header, and the preamble synchronization code includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code sequence, synchronization information, and indication information.

[0058] In one embodiment, the preamble synchronization code may include only one of the preamble synchronization code sequence, synchronization information, and indication information, or may include a combination of the above information.

[0059] For example, during downlink transmission (in R2D link), synchronization information can be used as a preamble synchronization code and inserted into the transmission header for synchronization; during uplink transmission (in D2R link), a preamble synchronization code sequence can be used as a preamble synchronization code and inserted into the transmission header for synchronization.

[0060] For example, during downlink transmission, synchronization information and control information can be used as preamble synchronization codes, with the synchronization information located before the control information; during downlink transmission, preamble synchronization code sequence and control information can be used as preamble synchronization codes, with the preamble synchronization code sequence located before the control information for synchronization.

[0061] It should be noted that the composition and transmission order of the leading synchronization code can be determined according to actual conditions, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0062] When the preamble synchronization code includes a preamble synchronization code sequence, the preamble synchronization code sequence includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration. The composition mode is used to determine the generation mode of the preamble synchronization code sequence, and the duration is used to determine the signal length and signal type of the preamble synchronization code sequence during transmission.

[0063] The preamble synchronization code sequence is composed of:

[0064] At least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a maximum-length sequence (M sequence), a pseudo-random sequence (Gold sequence), a pseudo-noise sequence (PN sequence), a constant envelope zero autocorrelation sequence (CGS sequence), an orthogonal cover code (OCC sequence), a Golay sequence, a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sequence, a Reed-Muller (RM) sequence, and a covered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sequence; or

[0065] A mixed sequence obtained by mixing, concatenating, or scrambling a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Golay sequence, a low PAPR sequence, an RM sequence, or a covered OFDM sequence; or

[0066] Based on a predefined or preconfigured sequence.

[0067] Among them, the Zadoff-Chu sequence, also known as the ZC sequence, can be used for synchronization and channel estimation. It has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation. Autocorrelation refers to the structure after a sequence is correlated with another sequence, reflecting the periodicity and repeatability of the sequence. Cross-correlation refers to the result of a correlation operation between a sequence and other sequences, reflecting the degree of similarity between the sequences.

[0068] The M sequence, also known as the longest current shift register sequence, is a pseudo-random sequence, pseudo-noise code or pseudo-random code that is easy to generate, has strong regularity, and has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation.

[0069] The Gold sequence is constructed by performing modulo-2 addition on a preferred pair of m-sequences with equal code lengths and the same code clock rate, and has autocorrelation and cross-correlation.

[0070] The PN sequence is also called a pseudo noise sequence or a PN code. The structure or form of the PN sequence can be predetermined and can be generated repeatedly.

[0071] The CGS sequence stands for Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZA). The autocorrelation function of a CGS sequence is zero except for the zero point. When using a CGS sequence as a transmission signal, the correlation between the received echo signal and the original transmitted signal can only be detected when the signals are perfectly aligned. The Gray sequence is a binary encoding method in which any two adjacent numbers differ by only one bit; all other bits are identical.

[0072] A low PAPR sequence refers to a sequence in which the ratio of the maximum peak power to the average power in the signal is low to reduce the signal PAPR. A low PAPR signal sequence can be generated through sequence design, phase rotation, cyclic shift, etc., and can be used as modulation symbols for uplink demodulation reference signals, sounding reference signals, etc.

[0073] RM sequence is the abbreviation of Reed-Muller sequence, which is a special binary sequence generated based on Boolean functions and polynomials over finite fields.

[0074] Overlay OFDM sequences are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology. In an OFDM system, a data sequence is modulated onto specific subcarriers. The modulated subcarriers are then converted into time-domain signals through an inverse Fourier transform, generating an OFDM symbol consisting of one or more orthogonal subsequences. To avoid the energy concentration of the spectrum of a data sequence modulated onto a specific subcarrier, the data sequence within an OFDM symbol is overlaid or replaced by modifying the data modulated onto the specific subcarriers, generating a new OFDM symbol.

[0075] It should be noted that the composition of the above-mentioned preamble synchronization code sequence includes at least one of the basic sequences, and the basic sequence is based on a ZC sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Gray sequence, a low PAPR sequence, an RM sequence or a covered OFDM sequence. It can be understood that the preamble synchronization code sequence may include one of the above-mentioned basic sequences, or may include multiple of the above-mentioned basic sequences. When including multiple, it may include multiple identical basic sequences (for example, multiple ZC sequences) or multiple different basic sequences (for example, a combination of at least one ZC sequence and at least one M sequence).

[0076] In one embodiment, the composition method of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a mixed sequence obtained by mixing, splicing or scrambling a basic sequence. The above-mentioned mixing can be a processing method of mixing multiple different basic sequences according to a preset rule to obtain a mixed sequence, for example, arranging parts of the ZC sequence, M sequence, and PN sequence in sequence to obtain a mixed sequence; the above-mentioned splicing can be a processing method of sequentially connecting multiple different basic sequences to form a mixed sequence, for example, the ZC sequence and the M sequence constitute a mixed sequence; the above-mentioned scrambling can be a processing method of multiplying the scrambling code and the basic sequence to obtain a new mixed sequence.

[0077] In one embodiment, the preamble synchronization code sequence may be composed of a predefined or preconfigured sequence, may be generated based on a criterion of maximum correlation peak value, may be generated based on a criterion of maximum correlation peak main lobe / side lobe, or may be generated based on a criterion of the sum of the correlation peak main lobe / remaining side lobes. The sequence based on the predefined or preset value may be one or more, and the sequence may have at least one of the following characteristics: good correlation, resistance to deep fading, and good demodulation performance.

[0078] It should be noted that the leading synchronization code sequence can be composed in any of the above-mentioned ways, or a combination of sequences obtained in different ways can be used as the leading synchronization code sequence according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0079] In one embodiment, the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a first preset number of time granularities, where the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, and a chip, where the first preset number is greater than 0. It should be noted that the OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and chip are time granularities, which may reuse the NR definition or may be a time granularity newly defined by the Ambient Internet of Things.

[0080] The above-mentioned first preset number can be determined according to actual needs. The first preset number can be pre-configured in the Internet of Things device or base station. For example, the first preset number can be configured as 1, 2, etc., and this disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0081] It should be noted that the above-mentioned time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, time slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and code chip. It can be understood that the time granularity only includes any one of the above-mentioned basic units, or it can include multiple types of the above-mentioned basic units.

[0082] When the time granularity includes multiple basic units, it can be the same basic unit, for example, a time granularity includes two chips; the time granularity can also be different basic units, for example, a time granularity includes a combination of a time unit and a chip. For example, a new time granularity is defined as the sum of the duration of a low-level chip and a high-level chip.

[0083] The length of a frame is 10ms, each frame is divided into two equal half frames, each half frame is 5ms, and each frame can be divided into 10 subframes.

[0084] Slot, also known as time unit, has five optional subcarrier spacings in the NR system. Correspondingly, the time slot in each subframe depends on the parameter μ, which has five values, ranging from 0 to 4. When μ = 0, the number of time slots or subframes is 1, and the duration of each time slot is 1 ms; when μ = 1, the number of time slots or subframes is 2, and the duration of each time slot is 0.5 ms; when μ = 2, the number of time slots or subframes is 4, and the duration of each time slot is 0.25 ms; when μ = 3, the number of time slots or subframes is 8, and the duration of each time slot is 0.125 ms; when μ = 4, the number of time slots or subframes is 16, and the duration of each time slot is 0.0625 ms.

[0085] Symbol is short for time domain symbol, also known as OFDM symbol. Time domain symbol can also be named in conjunction with other multiple access methods. The length of time domain symbol can be different for different subcarrier spacing. Typically, each slot contains 14 symbols.

[0086] A sampling point is a series of discrete sampling points obtained from the transmitted or received waveform by a node such as a base station or IoT device at a certain time interval. It is the smallest unit processed by the transmitting or receiving end.

[0087] Chips are used to represent the time resolution of a signal. The chip rate is the number of chips transmitted per second, which determines the maximum rate at which the system can process signals.

[0088] The time unit is used to describe the temporal resolution and duration of a signal and is determined based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0089] In one embodiment, the time granularity is newly defined and can be A-IoT symbols, A-IoT code chips, A-IoT time units, A-IoT OFDM symbols, A-IoT slots, A-IoT subfram, A-IoT frames or A-IoT sampling points, which are specially defined for the Ambient IoT transmission system.

[0090] The newly defined time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, a symbol, a time unit or a chip, wherein the newly defined time granularity is expressed as: PDRCH OFDM symbol; PDRCH Slot; PDRCH Subframe; PDRCH Frame; PDRCH sampling point; PDRCH symbol; PDRCH duration; PDRCH chip; PRDCH OFDM symbol; PRDCH Slot; PRDCH Subframe; PRDCH Frame; PRDCH sampling point; PRDCH symbol; PRDCH duration; PRDCH chip. Among them, the PDRCH OFDM symbol, PDRCH Slot, PDRCH Subframe, PDRCH sampling point, PDRCH symbol, PDRCH duration or PDRCH code chip is used to represent the information transmitted by the transmission channel on the D2R link; the PRDCH OFDM symbol, PRDCH Slot, PRDCH Subframe, PRDCH Frame, PRDCH sampling point, PRDCH symbol, PRDCH duration or PRDCH code chip is used to represent the information transmitted by the transmission channel on the R2D link.

[0091] In one embodiment, the time granularity may be a definition of a multiplexing new radio NR, wherein the time granularity of the multiplexing NR includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, and a microsecond.

[0092] For the case of multiplexing NR definition, Slot is the Slot defined in NR, and the duration of Slot is at least one of the durations of Slot in NR; Frame is the Frame defined in NR, and the duration of Frame is at least one of the durations of Frame in NR; Subframe is the Subframe defined in NR, and the duration of Subframe is at least one of the durations of Subframe in NR; OFDM symbol is the OFDM symbol defined in NR, and the duration of OFDM symbol is at least one of the durations of OFDM symbol in NR; and the duration of sampling point is the duration of sampling point in NR.

[0093] It should be noted that the time granularity defined by the above-mentioned multiplexing NR can also be combined with the redefined time granularity. This disclosure does not make specific limitations and can be determined according to actual needs.

[0094] The definition of microseconds (μs) can reuse existing international standard definitions. The microsecond time granularity is mainly used to characterize a certain time granularity, which is defined as AAμs, where AA is a specific value. For example, the time granularity of PDRCH is defined as 44.4μs.

[0095] In one embodiment, the value of the time granularity is variable and has a preset deviation range, for example, the preset deviation range of the time granularity is within 10%, or the preset deviation range is within 1%.

[0096] There are multiple definitions of time granularities. For example, the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence can be defined as 1 time granularity, 2 time granularities, 3 time granularities, etc.

[0097] The time granularity can also be defined as a preset range value. It can be understood that the above-mentioned first preset number can take values within the preset range value. For example, the duration of the leading synchronization code sequence can be between the time granularity of the first value and the time granularity of the second value, wherein the first value and the second value can be determined according to actual needs, such as the duration of the leading synchronization code sequence is between 2 time granularities and 3 time granularities.

[0098] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by limiting the composition of the preamble synchronization code sequence and redefining the duration or reusing the definition in the existing NR, an environmental Internet of Things system is implemented as a synchronization method, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption, and complexity.

[0099] In one embodiment, when the preamble synchronization code includes synchronization information, the synchronization information includes at least one of a starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier. It should be noted that the synchronization information may include only one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier, or may include a combination of two or more of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.

[0100] When the synchronization information includes a starting position indication, the starting position indication is used to characterize the starting position of the transmission. In a feasible embodiment, the starting position indication can be used to provide the starting position of the R2D transmission from the base station to the IoT device; wherein the R2D transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PRDCH, a first R2D control information, a reference signal, and a broadcast information. For example, the R2D transmission only includes a synchronization code (a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and / or a postamble synchronization code) and a PRDCH; the R2D transmission only includes a synchronization code and the first R2D control information; the R2D transmission may include a synchronization code, a PRDCH, and the first R2D control information. The case where the R2D transmission includes a synchronization code and a reference signal or broadcast information can refer to the above-mentioned R2D transmission structure and will not be repeated here.

[0101] In one feasible embodiment, the starting position indication is also used to provide the starting position of D2R transmission from the IoT device to the base station, wherein the D2R transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, a midamble synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information. For example, the D2R transmission may include only a synchronization code and a PDRCH; the D2R transmission may also include only a synchronization code and the first D2R control information; the D2R transmission may also include a synchronization code, a PDRCH, and the first D2R control information. It should be noted that the case where the D2R transmission includes a synchronization code, a reference signal, and / or auxiliary information is similar to the above-mentioned D2R transmission structure and will not be further described here.

[0102] In one embodiment, the starting position indication includes at least one of a composition mode, a duration, and an encoding mode.

[0103] Among them, the composition of the starting position indication includes at least one of the following methods: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; a period of empty time without any input; wherein the duration of each level includes a second preset number of time granularities, the second preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips; when the starting position indication includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different.

[0104] The above-mentioned low level segment can be a low-level symbol, a low-level code chip, a low-level time unit or other time granularity; the above-mentioned high level segment can be a high-level symbol, a high-level code chip, a high-level time unit or other time granularity; the combination or repetition of the above-mentioned low level segment and high level segment can be a combination of a high level segment and a low level segment, such as a combination of a high level and a low level, or a combination of a low level and a high level; it can also be a low level segment, a high level segment or a high level segment and a low level segment repeated; or it can also be a combination and / or repetition of other time granularity.

[0105] It should be noted that the above-mentioned second preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. The value of the second preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations. For example, the second preset number is 1.

[0106] When the starting position indication includes multiple levels, the duration of each level segment can be the same or different. When the starting position indication includes a low level segment, a high level segment, and another low level segment, the duration of the three levels is the same, for example, a duration of 10 μs. The duration of the three levels can also be different, for example, the duration of the low level segment includes a time granularity of x1, the duration of the high level segment includes a time granularity of x2, and the duration of the other low level segment includes a time granularity of x3. It should be noted that the duration of each level segment is different. The duration of each level segment can be different, that is, x1 ≠ x2 ≠ x3, or the duration of some level segments can be the same but different from the duration of other level segments, for example, x1 = x3 ≠ x2, that is, the duration of the low level segment is different from the duration of the high level segment.

[0107] The duration of the starting position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities, where the third preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip. It should be noted that the third preset number may be pre-configured in the base station or the IoT device and may be determined based on actual needs. For example, the third preset number may be 1, 2, 3, or the like.

[0108] The coding methods for starting position indication include Manchester coding, PIE coding, Miller coding, FM0 coding, and no coding. Among them, Manchester coding is a bi-phase coding that represents "0" or "1" by high-low conversion of the level. It is a self-synchronous coding method. The clock synchronization signal is hidden in the data waveform and is suitable for transmission on serial channels. Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE coding) uses different time widths between the falling edges of the pulse to represent binary data. Miller coding, also known as delayed modulation code, is a deformed bi-phase code that uses level jumps to represent data changes. FM0 coding (Bi-Phase Space Coding) can represent binary data based on level changes.

[0109] It should be noted that the constituent types and definitions of the time granularity in this embodiment are the same as those in the aforementioned embodiments, and are not described in detail here.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by limiting the composition, duration and / or encoding method of the starting position indication, a synchronization information is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0111] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes clock acquisition, the clock acquisition is used to synchronize at least one of an OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, chip level, symbol, and time unit to obtain synchronization information, and provide synchronization information for subsequent transmissions; wherein the subsequent transmission is a transmission following the preamble synchronization code of the current R2D transmission, including at least one of a PRDCH, first R2D control information, a reference signal, and broadcast information; or the subsequent transmission is a transmission following the preamble synchronization code of the current D2R transmission, including at least one of a PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information; or the subsequent transmission is the next transmission of the current R2D or D2R transmission; the synchronization information includes the duration, number of time granularities, or size of time granularities of at least one of an OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, chip level, symbol, and time unit. Preferably, the clock acquisition can perform chip-level synchronization.

[0112] In one embodiment, clock acquisition includes at least one of a composition mode, a duration mode, and an encoding mode.

[0113] In a feasible embodiment, the composition of the clock acquisition includes any one of the following methods: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; wherein the duration of each level includes a fourth preset number of time granularities, the fourth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips; when the clock acquisition includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different.

[0114] It should be noted that the fourth preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and the fourth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0115] Preferably, the clock acquisition composition may be a section of low code chips, a section of high code chips, a section of low code chips, and a section.

[0116] The specific implementation of the clock acquisition composition in the embodiment of the present disclosure is similar to the specific implementation of the starting position indication composition in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0117] The duration of clock acquisition includes a fifth preset number of time granularities, the fifth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit or code chip.

[0118] It should be noted that the fifth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device, and the duration of clock acquisition can be variable. For example, the duration of clock acquisition can be configured as multiple fixed values, or as a preset range value, or as a preset deviation range, etc. This disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0119] The encoding mode for clock acquisition includes Manchester encoding, PIE encoding, Miller encoding, FM0 encoding, and no encoding.

[0120] The specific implementation of the encoding method for clock acquisition in the embodiment of the present disclosure is similar to the specific implementation of the encoding method for starting position indication in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0121] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by limiting the composition, duration and / or encoding method of clock acquisition, another synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0122] In one embodiment, when synchronization information includes calibration information, the calibration information includes at least one of calibration information for transmission from a base station to an IoT device and calibration information for transmission from an IoT device to a base station. The calibration information also includes at least one of a composition method and a duration. The composition method determines the type of calibration information, and the duration determines the number of time granularities occupied by the calibration information during transmission.

[0123] In a feasible implementation, the calibration information is composed of any one of the following methods: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; wherein the duration of each level includes a sixth preset number of time granularities, the sixth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips; when the calibration information includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different.

[0124] The above-mentioned sixth preset number can be determined according to actual needs. The sixth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or Internet of Things device, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0125] The duration of the calibration information is within a time granularity of a first preset range, where the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip.

[0126] The time granularity of the first preset range refers to a value between the first time granularity and the second time granularity. The specific values of the first time granularity and / or the second time granularity can be determined based on actual needs and are not specifically limited in this disclosure. For example, the duration of an IoT device to a base station can be between 2.5 time granularities and 3 time granularities; the duration of a base station to an IoT device can be between 1 time granularity and 3 time granularities.

[0127] It should be noted that the specific implementation methods of the composition of the calibration information and the definition of the time granularity in the embodiment of the present disclosure are the same as the specific implementation methods of the composition of the starting position indication and the definition of the time granularity in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of the calibration information, another synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0129] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes an extended preamble synchronization code, the extended preamble synchronization code is used to enhance a timing effect; the extended preamble synchronization code includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration.

[0130] In which, the composition of the extended preamble synchronization code includes a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; in which, the duration of each level includes a seventh preset number of time granularities, the seventh preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, Slots, Subframes, Frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips; when the extended preamble synchronization code includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different.

[0131] The duration of the extended preamble synchronization code includes an eighth preset number of time granularities, the eighth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips.

[0132] It should be noted that the seventh preset number and the eighth preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and the seventh preset number and the eighth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or the Internet of Things device, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0133] The specific implementation of the composition, duration, time granularity, etc. of the extended preamble synchronization code in the embodiment of the present disclosure is the same as the specific implementation of the composition, duration, time granularity, etc. of the preamble synchronization code sequence in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0134] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of the extended preamble synchronization code, another synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0135] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes a pilot carrier, the pilot carrier is used for channel estimation; the pilot carrier includes at least one of its composition and duration. Channel estimation is the process of analyzing the effects experienced by a channel in a communication system, including estimating the channel impulse response or channel matrix. This can reduce channel uncertainty, enabling more accurate signal decoding at the receiving end.

[0136] The pilot carrier may be composed of at least one of the following:

[0137] The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0138] Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0139] A multiplexing target generation sequence, wherein the target generation sequence includes at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Golay sequence, a low PAPR sequence, a RM sequence, a covered OFDM sequence, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) sequence, and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) sequence;

[0140] Defines a new build sequence.

[0141] In one embodiment, the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence refers to a sequence obtained by adopting the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence, for example, a sequence generated by a mixed method of a ZC sequence and an M sequence is determined as a pilot carrier.

[0142] The preamble synchronization code sequence may be directly used as a pilot carrier, or an existing target generation sequence such as a ZC sequence or an M sequence may be used to generate a pilot carrier. In addition, a generation sequence redefined in any manner may be used as a pilot carrier.

[0143] PSS is a physical layer-specific signal that helps IoT devices identify radio frame boundaries. It is a type of M-sequence and provides the longest non-repeating sequence. SSS is also a physical layer-specific signal that helps IoT devices identify subframe boundaries. It is a type of M-sequence.

[0144] The duration of the pilot carrier includes a ninth preset number of time granularities, the ninth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a code chip.

[0145] It should be noted that the ninth preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and the ninth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or Internet of Things device, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0146] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of the pilot carrier, another synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0147] In one embodiment, the indication information includes at least one of second R2D control information and second D2R control information. The second R2D control information may be the first R2D control information, and the second D2R control information may be the first D2R control information. The first R2D control information may include a channel for transmitting the first R2D control information, such as a PRDCH channel, and the first D2R control information may include a channel for transmitting the first D2R control information, such as a PDRCH channel.

[0148] It should be noted that the second R2D control information or the second D2R control information is part of the preamble synchronization code and is located in the transmission header for synchronization; while the first R2D control information or the first D2R control information is information corresponding to the transmitted data or control command and is not used for synchronization.

[0149] In one embodiment, when the indication message includes the second R2D control information, the indication information of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following:

[0150] Rate information, used to indicate the transmission rate;

[0151] Carrier frequency information, used to indicate the carrier frequency of transmission;

[0152] Frequency information, which includes the frequency location and / or bandwidth size used for index transmission;

[0153] Time domain information, used to indicate the time domain position and / or time domain duration of the transmission;

[0154] Time granularity information, used to indicate the adopted time granularity and / or the corresponding time granularity size;

[0155] Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data block being transmitted;

[0156] Modulation information, used to indicate the modulation mode and / or modulation order of this transmission;

[0157] Bit rate information, used to indicate the bit rate of this transmission;

[0158] Coding information, used to indicate the encoding method of this transmission;

[0159] Repeat transmission information, used to indicate whether repeated transmission is used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeated transmissions;

[0160] Frequency hopping indication information, used to indicate whether frequency hopping is performed in this transmission and / or the frequency hopping position;

[0161] The midamble indication information is used to indicate whether the midamble is used in this transmission, the density of the midamble, the number of the midambles, and the time granularity of the deployment of the midamble.

[0162] The carrier frequency is the fixed frequency onto which a signal is loaded during transmission. The time domain describes how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain describes how a signal changes over frequency. A transmission block is a block of data transmitted at a time and is the basic unit of both uplink and downlink transmission. Modulation is the process or processing method of changing the characteristics of one waveform to conform to another waveform or signal, typically converting the original signal into a high-frequency signal with a frequency band suitable for channel transmission. Modulation methods can include analog and digital modulation. Digital modulation signals include amplitude keying, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulation. The modulation order is the number of discrete symbols used to modulate the information carrier into the modulated signal. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the repetition count indicator and the transmission block size. In wireless communications, a frequency hopping indicator is added to the modulated signal to instruct the receiver to change the receiving frequency to track changes in the modulated signal after receiving it.

[0163] In one embodiment, the indication target of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following:

[0164] PRDCH;

[0165] first R2D control information;

[0166] Other parts of the preamble synchronization code, for example, indicating the chip length in the clock acquisition part, or the generation method or generation parameters of the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0167] PDRCH;

[0168] first D2R control information;

[0169] potential reference signals;

[0170] auxiliary information;

[0171] Broadcast information.

[0172] In one embodiment, when the indication message includes the second D2R control information, the indication information of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following:

[0173] Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data block being transmitted;

[0174] Bit rate information, used to indicate the bit rate of this transmission;

[0175] Coding information, used to indicate the encoding method of this transmission;

[0176] Repeat transmission information, used to indicate whether repeated transmission is used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeated transmissions;

[0177] Continue transmission information, used to indicate whether the transmission of this transmission block is completed;

[0178] Duration information, used to indicate the duration of this transmission;

[0179] The midamble indication information is used to indicate whether the midamble is used in this transmission, the density of the midamble, the number of the midambles, and the time granularity of the deployment of the midamble.

[0180] Exemplarily, the transmission block information may include data block size information, payload information, or total number of transmission bits information.

[0181] The coding information may include any of the following: the type of forward error correction code (FEC code) used (such as convolutional code), the type of linear coding used (such as Manchester code, Miller code, FM0 code), the length and / or type of cyclic redundancy check code (CRC check code) used (for example, whether 6-bit CRC or 16-bit CRC is used, whether the CRC generating polynomial in NR is used or the CRC generating polynomial in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used).

[0182] For example, if the continue transmission information is 0, it indicates that the transmission block has not been completed, and the next uplink transmission data is still the information of the transmission block; if the continue transmission information is 1, it indicates that the transmission block has been completed.

[0183] In one embodiment, the indication target of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following:

[0184] PDRCH;

[0185] first D2R control information;

[0186] Other parts of the preamble synchronization code, such as indicating the chip length in the clock acquisition part, or indicating the generation method or generation parameters of the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0187] potential reference signals;

[0188] Auxiliary information.

[0189] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by defining the indication content, indication object, etc. of the indication information, another synchronization method is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity, etc.

[0190] In one embodiment, when an intermediate synchronization code is used for synchronization, the intermediate synchronization code is inserted in the middle of D2R transmission or R2D transmission, and the intermediate synchronization code can be used for a D2R link or an R2D link; the intermediate synchronization code is used for at least one of timing enhancement, time or frequency tracking, channel estimation, and interference estimation; the intermediate synchronization code includes at least one of a composition method, a duration, and a deployment density interval.

[0191] In a time slot, different users have different midambles, and different midambles have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, which can be used for capture and tracking, channel estimation, etc. during the service communication phase.

[0192] It should be noted that the midamble inserted in the middle of R2D transmission refers to the midamble being inserted in the middle of at least one of the PRDCH, the first R2D control information, the reference signal, and the broadcast information; and the midamble being inserted in the middle of D2R transmission refers to the midamble being inserted in the middle of at least one of the PDRCH, the first D2R control information, the reference signal, and the auxiliary information. For example, the midamble may be inserted in the PRDCH, or in the PRDCH and the first R2D control information; or in the PDRCH, or in the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, which is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0193] The intermediate synchronization code may be composed in at least one of the following ways:

[0194] Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0195] The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0196] Multiplexing target generation sequence;

[0197] Define a new generation sequence;

[0198] Using the same generation method as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information;

[0199] Using the same generation mechanism as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information;

[0200] Define new generation mechanisms.

[0201] The above-mentioned midamble and preamble synchronization code sequences are generated in the same manner means that a sequence obtained in the same manner as the preamble synchronization code sequence is used as the midamble, for example, a sequence generated in a mixed manner of a ZC sequence and an M sequence.

[0202] The target generated sequence may include at least one of a ZC sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Golay sequence, a low PAPR sequence, an RM sequence, a covered OFDM sequence, a PSS sequence, and an SSS sequence.

[0203] The intermediate synchronization code can be obtained by adopting the same generation method as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information. It can be understood that the intermediate synchronization code and at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier can be different or the same; the intermediate synchronization code can be obtained by adopting the same generation mechanism as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information. At this time, the intermediate synchronization code is the same as the synchronization information obtained by at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier.

[0204] In one embodiment, the duration of the intermediate synchronization code includes a tenth preset number of time granularities, where the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, and a code chip, wherein the tenth preset number is greater than 0.

[0205] It should be noted that the above-mentioned tenth preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and the tenth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or Internet of Things device, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.

[0206] The deployment density interval or deployment overhead is used to characterize the density of inserting intermediate synchronization codes during transmission. The deployment density interval is to insert at least one intermediate synchronization code every eleventh preset number of time granularities, where the eleventh preset number is greater than 0.

[0207] The eleventh preset number can be determined based on actual needs and can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. For example, if the eleventh preset number is configured as 10, at least one midamble is inserted every ten time granularities. It is worth noting that the number of midambles inserted each time can be the same or different, and this disclosure does not impose any specific limitation thereon.

[0208] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by defining the function, purpose, composition, duration, deployment density interval, etc. of the intermediate synchronization code, another synchronization method is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0209] In one embodiment, when a post-amble synchronization code is used for synchronization, the post-amble synchronization code is placed at the end of the transmission, and the post-amble synchronization code is used for a D2R link or an R2D link; the post-amble synchronization code is used to indicate at least one of the end of the transmission, channel estimation, and interference estimation; and the post-amble synchronization code includes at least one of a composition method and a duration.

[0210] In one embodiment, the post-synchronization code is used to indicate the end of transmission and may include at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information and possible reference signals, preferably used to indicate the end of PRDCH or PDRCH.

[0211] The post-synchronization code may be generated in the same manner as the pre-synchronization code sequence or synchronization information, or a completely new generation mechanism may be defined.

[0212] The post-synchronization code may be composed in any of the following ways:

[0213] Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0214] The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence;

[0215] Multiplexing target generation sequence;

[0216] Define a new generation sequence;

[0217] Use the same generation method as synchronization information;

[0218] Use the same generation mechanism as synchronization information;

[0219] Define new generation mechanisms.

[0220] It should be noted that the composition of the trailing synchronization code is similar to that of the middle synchronization code, and will not be described in detail here.

[0221] The duration of the trailing synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities, the twelfth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, and a code chip.

[0222] It should be noted that the twelfth preset number can be determined according to actual needs, and the twelfth preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0223] It should be noted that the NR method or newly defined method of time granularity multiplexing in the present disclosure is the same as the definition method of the aforementioned preamble synchronization code sequence, and will not be repeated here.

[0224] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by defining the function, purpose, composition, duration, etc. of the trailing synchronization code, another synchronization method is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0225] Figure 3 A flowchart of another method for synchronizing IoT devices provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 Based on the embodiment, S202 is further refined into S302 to limit the specific situation of using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization. Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the above S202 uses at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization, including:

[0226] S302. Send a preamble synchronization code in a transmission header, where the preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information; or

[0227] Send a preamble synchronization code at the head of the transmission, add a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, and transmit the preamble synchronization code, postamble synchronization code, and at least one of the PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information together; or

[0228] A preamble synchronization code is sent at the transmission head, an intermediate synchronization code is added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code, the intermediate synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information are transmitted together.

[0229] In one embodiment, synchronization may be performed by sending only a preamble synchronization code at the transmission header, or by sending a preamble synchronization code at the transmission header and adding a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, and combining the two for synchronization. Synchronization may also be performed by sending a preamble synchronization code at the transmission header, adding an intermediate synchronization code in the middle of the transmission, and adding a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, and combining the three for synchronization.

[0230] In one embodiment, a preamble synchronization code is sent in a transmission header, and the preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information, including at least one of the following:

[0231] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH.

[0232] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PRDCH.

[0233] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0234] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PDRCH.

[0235] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information.

[0236] The leading synchronization code is transmitted together with the broadcast information. The leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and there is a preset gap between the leading synchronization code and the broadcast information.

[0237] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information.

[0238] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first R2D control information.

[0239] The leading synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

[0240] The leading synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the leading synchronization code and the first D2R control information.

[0241] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information.

[0242] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first R2D control information.

[0243] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH.

[0244] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PRDCH.

[0245] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the D2R control information.

[0246] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the D2R control information.

[0247] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0248] The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PDRCH.

[0249] It should be noted that the "closely spaced" arrangement in the above embodiments refers to the two devices being immediately adjacent to each other, with no gap or idle time between them. For example, when a preamble synchronization code and a PRDCH are used for co-transmission, the preamble synchronization code and the PRDCH can be transmitted sequentially for seamless transmission. The preset gap can be determined based on actual needs and is not specifically limited in this disclosure.

[0250] In one embodiment, a preamble synchronization code is sent at the head of a transmission, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code, and at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information are transmitted together, including at least one of the following:

[0251] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH.

[0252] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH.

[0253] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0254] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PDRCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0255] The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information. The trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information.

[0256] The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information.

[0257] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the first R2D control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the R2D control information.

[0258] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately after the first R2D control information.

[0259] The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

[0260] The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

[0261] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the first R2D control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately to the PRDCH.

[0262] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH.

[0263] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information.

[0264] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information.

[0265] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0266] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH.

[0267] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

[0268] The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

[0269] In one embodiment, a preamble synchronization code is sent at the head of a transmission, an intermediate synchronization code is added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code, the intermediate synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information, including at least one of the following:

[0270] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH. The postamble is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH. The midamble is located in the PRDCH and is set closely to the content of the PRDCH.

[0271] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble precedes the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble follows the PRDCH and is set immediately after the PRDCH. The midamble is in the PRDCH and is set immediately after the PRDCH.

[0272] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The postamble is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The midamble is located in the PDRCH and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH.

[0273] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The postamble is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The midamble is located in the PDRCH and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH.

[0274] The leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information. The trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information. The middle synchronization code is located in the broadcast information and is set closely to the content of the broadcast information.

[0275] The leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information. The middle synchronization code is located in the broadcast information and is set closely to the content of the broadcast information.

[0276] The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the first R2D control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the first R2D control information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the content of the first R2D control information.

[0277] The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately after the first R2D control information. The midamble synchronization code is located within the first R2D control information and is set immediately after the content of the first R2D control information.

[0278] The leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, the trailing synchronization code and the first D2R control information are transmitted together. The leading synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The middle synchronization code is located in the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the first D2R control information.

[0279] The leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, the trailing synchronization code and the first D2R control information are transmitted together. The leading synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The middle synchronization code is located in the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the first D2R control information.

[0280] The preamble synchronization code, midamble synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately therewith. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately therewith. The midamble synchronization code is located within the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is set immediately therewith.

[0281] The preamble synchronization code, midamble synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately after the PRDCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is set immediately after the content of the PRDCH or the first R2D control information.

[0282] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble precedes the PRDCH and is immediately adjacent to the PRDCH. The postamble follows the first R2D control information and is immediately adjacent to the first R2D control information. The midamble is within the PRDCH and is immediately adjacent to the PRDCH content.

[0283] The preamble, midamble, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble precedes the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble follows the first R2D control information and is immediately adjacent to the first R2D control information. The midamble is within the PRDCH and is immediately adjacent to the PRDCH content.

[0284] The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH or the first D2R control information.

[0285] The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH or the first D2R control information.

[0286] The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH.

[0287] The leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between it and the PDRCH. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set adjacent to the first D2R control information. The middle synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set adjacent to the content of the PDRCH.

[0288] It should be noted that the specific implementation method of using the leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization, and the specific implementation method of using the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization are similar to the specific implementation method of using only the leading synchronization code for synchronization, and will not be repeated here.

[0289] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific implementation methods of synchronization using leading synchronization codes and trailing synchronization codes, and the specific implementation methods of synchronization using leading synchronization codes, intermediate synchronization codes, and trailing synchronization codes are merely examples provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Other combinations and transformation forms of at least one of the leading synchronization code, the trailing synchronization code, and the intermediate synchronization code with R2D transmission or D2R transmission according to actual needs are also within the scope of protection of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0290] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by synchronizing using a leading synchronization code, synchronizing using a leading synchronization code and a trailing synchronization code, and synchronizing using a leading synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code, uplink synchronization and downlink synchronization of the environmental Internet of Things can be achieved, thereby reducing system cost, power consumption, complexity, etc.

[0291] In one embodiment, the synchronization mode of using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization is indicated by any one of the following:

[0292] Predefined synchronization methods;

[0293] Through high-level configuration synchronization;

[0294] The synchronization mode indicated by other commands.

[0295] The above-mentioned predefined synchronization mode includes only predefining the synchronization mode to be used, and also includes predefining other information in addition to the predefined synchronization mode to be used, such as duration information, preamble synchronization code sequence information, synchronization information and other related information.

[0296] In one embodiment, the synchronization method configured by the high-level layer includes at least one of the following methods:

[0297] Configure synchronization mode parameters in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameters;

[0298] Configure the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode in the RRC parameters;

[0299] Configure synchronization mode parameters in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer;

[0300] The enable status of each component in the synchronization mode is configured in the MAC layer.

[0301] In one feasible implementation, the synchronization mode parameter can be configured in the RRC parameters to indicate the currently used synchronization mode. For example, the configuration numbers 1, 2, and 3 are configured, where number 1 represents the use of only the preamble synchronization code, number 2 represents the use of the preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code, and number 3 represents the use of the preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code. In addition to the above information, other configuration information can also be configured through RRC parameters, such as duration information, preamble synchronization code sequence configuration information, and synchronization information-related configuration information.

[0302] In a feasible implementation, the currently used synchronization mode can be expressed by configuring the enable status of each component of the synchronization mode in the RRC parameters. For example, the RRC parameters corresponding to the preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code can be configured separately through the RRC parameters, and the enable or disable of the corresponding components can be used to express whether the corresponding components are enabled. In addition to enabling, other configuration information can also be configured, such as duration information, configuration information of the preamble synchronization code sequence, and configuration information related to synchronization information.

[0303] In another feasible implementation, the currently used synchronization mode can be expressed by configuring synchronization mode parameters or the enablement status of each component in the MAC layer. For example, the parameters corresponding to the preamble synchronization code, midamble synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code can be configured through the Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), and the enablement of the corresponding components can be expressed by using "enable" or "disable". It is also possible to define new configuration parameters or parameters in the MAC layer, such as MAC parameters or MAC parameters, to configure the parameters corresponding to the preamble synchronization code, midamble synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code, and to express the enablement of the corresponding components by using "enable" or "disable".

[0304] In one embodiment, the synchronization method indicated by other commands includes at least one of the following methods:

[0305] Indicates the synchronization mode;

[0306] Indicates the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode.

[0307] In a feasible implementation, the synchronization mode indicated above is used to express the currently used synchronization mode, for example, indicating ordinal numbers 1, 2, and 3, where ordinal number 1 represents the use of only the preamble synchronization code, ordinal number 2 represents the use of the preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code, and ordinal number 3 represents the use of the preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code. In addition to the above information, other configuration information may also be indicated, such as duration information, configuration information of the preamble synchronization code sequence, and configuration information related to synchronization information.

[0308] The enable status of each component in the synchronization mode described above is used to express the currently used synchronization mode. For example, the RRC parameters corresponding to the preamble synchronization code, midamble synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code are configured separately, and the corresponding components are respectively enabled or disabled using enable or disable. In addition to enabling, other configuration information can also be configured, such as duration information, preamble synchronization code sequence configuration information, and synchronization information-related configuration information.

[0309] In one embodiment, the above S202 uses at least one of a leading synchronization code, a middle synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code for synchronization, and further includes:

[0310] At least one of the preamble, the midamble, and the postamble has a fixed duration; or

[0311] The duration of at least one of the preamble synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code is not limited.

[0312] Illustratively, at least one of the preamble, midamble, and trailing sync codes occupies two symbols, two time units, or a fixed 44.4 μs. Mapping may be performed according to predefined, configured, or indicated content. If the duration is exceeded, the signal is truncated. If the duration is not reached, the signal is supplemented, for example, by repeating until the fixed duration is fully filled.

[0313] Exemplarily, the duration occupied by at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code is not limited, for example, the number of symbols occupied is not limited, and the duration of the synchronization information mapping is adjusted according to the predefined, configured or indicated content. The synchronization information may occupy 2 symbols or 3 symbols.

[0314] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, rapid synchronization is achieved by limiting the duration occupied by at least one of the preamble synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code.

[0315] In order to deepen the transmission specific structure of the IoT device synchronization method disclosed in this disclosure, the following Figures 4 to 9 Provide detailed explanation.

[0316] Figure 4 A structural diagram of an example 1 of a method for synchronizing an IoT device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4 In the , preamble synchronization code is used for synchronization, which is used for downlink transmission.

[0317] like Figure 4 As shown, the synchronization method only includes the preamble synchronization code Preamble, wherein the Preamble includes synchronization information, and the synchronization information includes a starting position indication and clock acquisition. The synchronization information occupies a total of 4 time units, wherein the starting position indication occupies 2 time units, and the clock acquisition can be 2 symbols 0 or 2 symbols 1, and the clock acquisition also occupies 2 time units. Since it is a downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as the OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used; or the symbol can be defined without defining it and the duration can be used for definition. For example, it is confirmed that 1 OFDM symbol occupies 22.2μs, at this time the starting position indication occupies 44.4μs, and the clock acquisition also occupies 44.4μs.

[0318] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a second example of a method for synchronizing IoT devices provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5 In the IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n protocol, a preamble synchronization code is used for synchronization and is used for uplink transmission.

[0319] like Figure 5 As shown, the synchronization method only includes the preamble, where the preamble includes the preamble sequence, and the preamble sequence occupies two time units. Due to uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined separately. For example, A-IoT symbols with the same duration as OFDM symbols but defined separately for A-IoT can be used, or symbols can be defined without defining them and using duration instead. For example, if one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2μs, referring to the above duration, the preamble sequence duration is confirmed to occupy 44.4μs.

[0320] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a third example of a method for synchronizing IoT devices provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 6 In the IEEE 802.11g / LTE communication, Preamble and Postamble are used for synchronization for downlink transmission.

[0321] like Figure 6 As shown, the synchronization method includes Preamble and Postamble, wherein Preamble includes synchronization information, and the synchronization information includes a starting position indication and clock acquisition. The synchronization information occupies a total of 4 time units, wherein the starting position indication occupies 2 time units, the clock acquisition can be 2 symbols 0 or 2 symbols 1, the clock acquisition also occupies 2 time units, and the Postamble also occupies 2 time units. Since it is a downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as the OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used; or the symbol can be defined without defining it and the duration can be used for definition. For example, it is confirmed that 1 OFDM symbol occupies 22.2μs, at this time the starting position indication occupies 44.4μs, the clock acquisition also occupies 44.4μs, and the Postamble also occupies 44.4μs.

[0322] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a fourth example of a method for synchronizing an IoT device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 7 In , Preamble and Postamble are used for synchronization and for uplink transmission.

[0323] like Figure 7As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble and Postamble. Preamble includes a Preamble sequence, which occupies two time units, and Postamble also occupies two time units. Due to uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined separately. For example, A-IoT symbols with the same duration as OFDM symbols but defined separately for A-IoT can be used, or symbols can be defined without using duration. For example, if one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2μs, referring to the above duration, it is confirmed that the duration of the Preamble sequence occupies 44.4μs, and the Postamble also occupies 44.4μs.

[0324] Figure 8 A structural diagram of Example 5 of a method for synchronizing IoT devices provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 8 In the IEEE 802.11a, Preamble, Midamble and Postamble are used for synchronization for downlink transmission. The number of inserted Midambles can be one or more.

[0325] like Figure 8 As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble. Preamble includes a starting position indication and clock acquisition. Preamble occupies 4 time units, of which the starting position indication occupies 2 time units. Clock acquisition can be 2 symbols 0 or 2 symbols 1. Clock acquisition also occupies 2 time units. Postamble also occupies 2 time units. Midamble will be inserted into the PRDCH, occupying 2 time units. There may be only one Midamble inserted, or there may be multiple Midables, each occupying 2 time units, inserted into different positions of the PRDCH. Since it is a downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as an OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT may be used; or the symbol may not be defined and the duration may be used for definition. For example, it is confirmed that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs, at which time the start position indication occupies 44.4 μs, the clock acquisition also occupies 44.4 μs, the Postamble also occupies 44.4 μs, and the Midamble also occupies 44.4 μs. If there are multiple Midabbles, each Midamble occupies 44.4 μs.

[0326] Figure 9 A structural diagram of an example 6 of a method for synchronizing an IoT device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 9In the process, Preamble, Midamble and Postamble are used for synchronization for uplink transmission. The inserted Midamble can be one or more.

[0327] like Figure 9 As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble. Preamble includes a Preamble sequence. The Preamble sequence occupies 2 time units in total. Postamble also occupies 2 time units. Midamble is inserted into the PDRCH and occupies 2 time units. There may be only one Midamble or multiple Midambles. Each Midamble occupies 2 time units and is inserted into different positions of the PDRCH. Due to uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined separately. For example, A-IoT symbols with the same duration as OFDM symbols but defined separately for A-IoT can be used. Alternatively, symbols can be defined without using duration. For example, it is confirmed that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2μs. Referring to the above duration, it is confirmed that the duration of the Preamble sequence occupies 44.4μs, the Postamble also occupies 44.4μs, and the Midamble also occupies 44.4μs. If there are multiple Midables, each Midamble occupies 44.4μs.

[0328] It should be noted that the transmission structure in which at least one of Preamble, Midamble and Postamble is synchronized when PDRCH is used for uplink transmission and PRDCH is used for downlink transmission is only an example provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Other data or information of R2D transmission or D2R transmission can refer to the above examples and will not be repeated here.

[0329] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides an IoT device synchronization device, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principles of the device embodiment are similar to those of the above-mentioned method embodiment, the implementation of the device embodiment can refer to the implementation of the above-mentioned method embodiment, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0330] Figure 10 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an IoT device synchronization device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 As shown, an IoT device synchronization device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a synchronization module 1010: the synchronization module 1010 is used to synchronize using at least one of a leading synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code.

[0331] It should be noted that synchronization module 1010 corresponds to S202 in the method embodiment. The examples and application scenarios implemented by the above modules and corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the contents disclosed in the above method embodiment. It should be noted that the above modules, as part of the apparatus, can be executed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions.

[0332] Figure 11 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 As shown, the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes an Internet of Things device 1110 and a base station 1120, wherein the Internet of Things device 1110 and the base station 1120 use at least one of a leading synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code for synchronization.

[0333] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various aspects of the present invention may be implemented as systems, methods, or program products. Therefore, various aspects of the present invention may be implemented in the following forms: a complete hardware implementation, a complete software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software implementations, which may be collectively referred to herein as "circuits," "modules," or "systems."

[0334] Refer to the following Figure 12 An electronic device 1200 according to this embodiment of the present invention will be described. Figure 12 The electronic device 1200 shown is merely an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0335] like Figure 12 As shown, electronic device 1200 is implemented as a general-purpose computing device. Components of electronic device 1200 may include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned at least one processing unit 1210, the aforementioned at least one storage unit 1220, and a bus 1230 connecting various system components (including storage unit 1220 and processing unit 1210).

[0336] The storage unit stores program codes, which can be executed by the processing unit 1210, so that the processing unit 1210 performs the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in the above “Exemplary Method” section of this specification. For example, the processing unit 1210 can perform the following steps: Figure 2 As shown in , synchronization is performed using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code.

[0337] The storage unit 1220 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access memory unit (RAM) 12201 and / or a cache memory unit 12202 , and may further include a read-only memory unit (ROM) 12203 .

[0338] The storage unit 1220 may also include a program / utility 12204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 12205, such program modules 12205 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0339] The bus 1230 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0340] The electronic device 1200 may also communicate with one or more external devices 1240 (e.g., keyboards, pointing devices, Bluetooth devices, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the system, and / or any device that enables the electronic device 1200 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., routers, modems, etc.). Such communication may be performed via an input / output (I / O) interface 1250. Furthermore, the system may also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network, such as the Internet) via a network adapter 1260. Figure 12 As shown, the network adapter 1260 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 1200 via the bus 1230. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 1200, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0341] Through the description of the above embodiments, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the example embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0342] In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which is stored a program product capable of implementing the aforementioned methods of this specification. In some possible implementations, various aspects of the present invention may also be implemented in the form of a program product comprising program code. When the program product is executed on a terminal device, the program code is configured to cause the terminal device to execute the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification.

[0343] A program product for implementing the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. The program product may be a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited thereto. In this document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0344] The program product may be implemented in any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0345] A computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transfer a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0346] The program code embodied on the readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0347] The program code for performing the operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, C++, and the like, as well as conventional procedural programming languages such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0348] It should be noted that although several modules or units of the device for action execution are mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be concretized in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided into multiple modules or units to be concretized.

[0349] Furthermore, although the steps of the method of the present disclosure are described in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in this particular order, or that all steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired results. Additionally or alternatively, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps.

[0350] Through the description of the above embodiments, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the example embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a mobile terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0351] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing IoT devices, characterized in that: include: At least one of a preamble synchronization code, a midamble synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code is used for synchronization.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the preamble synchronization code is used for synchronization, the preamble synchronization code is located in a transmission header, and the preamble synchronization code includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code sequence, synchronization information, and indication information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When the preamble synchronization code includes a preamble synchronization code sequence, the preamble synchronization code sequence includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration, wherein: The leading synchronization code sequence is composed of: At least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a maximum length sequence (M sequence), a pseudo-random sequence (Gold sequence), a pseudo-noise sequence (PN sequence), a constant envelope zero autocorrelation sequence (CGS sequence), an orthogonal cover code (OCC sequence), a Golay sequence, a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sequence, a Reed-Muller (RM) sequence, and a covered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sequence; or A mixed sequence obtained by mixing, concatenating, or scrambling a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Golay sequence, a low PAPR sequence, an RM sequence, or a covered OFDM sequence; or Based on predefined or preconfigured sequences; The duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a first preset number of time granularities, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, and a code chip, wherein the first preset number is greater than 0.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When the preamble synchronization code includes synchronization information, the synchronization information includes at least one of a start position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the synchronization information includes a starting position indication, the starting position indication is used to provide a starting position of R2D transmission from the base station to the IoT device or a starting position of D2R transmission from the IoT device to the base station, wherein the R2D transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, a midamble synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PRDCH, first R2D control information, a reference signal, and broadcast information; and the D2R transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, a midamble synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information; The starting position indication includes at least one of a composition mode, a duration, and an encoding mode, wherein: The starting position indication is composed of at least one of the following: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; and a period of idle time without any input; wherein the duration of each level includes a second preset number of time granularities, the second preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; when the starting position indication includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different; The duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities, the third preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; The coding method of the starting position indication includes one of Manchester coding, pulse interval coding PIE coding, Miller coding, bidirectional interval coding FM0 coding, and no coding.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the synchronization information includes clock acquisition, the clock acquisition is used to synchronize at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, a chip level, a symbol, and a time unit to obtain synchronization information, and provide the synchronization information for subsequent transmission; wherein the subsequent transmission is a transmission of the current R2D transmission after the preamble synchronization code, including at least one of a PRDCH, first R2D control information, a reference signal, and broadcast information; or the subsequent transmission is a transmission of the current D2R transmission after the preamble synchronization code, including at least one of a PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information; or the subsequent transmission is a next transmission of the current R2D or D2R transmission; the synchronization information includes a duration, a number of time granularities, or a time granularity size of at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, a chip level, a symbol, and a time unit; The clock acquisition includes at least one of a composition mode, a duration mode, and an encoding mode, wherein: The clock acquisition is composed of any one of the following: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; wherein the duration of each level includes a fourth preset number of time granularities, the fourth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; when the clock acquisition includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different; The duration of the clock acquisition includes a fifth preset number of time granularities, the fifth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; The encoding mode of the clock acquisition includes one of Manchester encoding, PIE encoding, Miller encoding, FM0 encoding, and no encoding.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the synchronization information includes calibration information, the calibration information includes at least one of calibration information for transmission from the base station to the IoT device and calibration information for transmission from the IoT device to the base station; The calibration information includes at least one of a composition method and a duration, wherein: The calibration information is composed of any one of the following: a low level; a high level; a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; wherein the duration of each level includes a sixth preset number of time granularities, the sixth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; when the calibration information includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different; The duration of the calibration information is at a time granularity within a first preset range, where the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the synchronization information includes an extended preamble synchronization code, the extended preamble synchronization code is used to enhance the timing effect; The extended preamble synchronization code includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration, wherein: The extended preamble synchronization code is composed of a combination or repetition of a low level and a high level; wherein the duration of each level includes a seventh preset number of time granularities, the seventh preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a chip; when the extended preamble synchronization code includes multiple levels, the duration of each level is the same or different; The duration of the extended preamble synchronization code includes an eighth preset number of time granularities, the eighth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units or code chips.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the synchronization information includes a pilot carrier, the pilot carrier is used for channel estimation; The pilot carrier includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration, wherein: The pilot carrier is composed of at least one of the following: The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; A multiplexing target generation sequence, wherein the target generation sequence includes at least one of a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M sequence, a Gold sequence, a PN sequence, a CGS sequence, an OCC sequence, a Golay sequence, a low PAPR sequence, a RM sequence, a covered OFDM sequence, a PSS sequence, and an SSS sequence; Define a new generation sequence; The duration of the pilot carrier includes a ninth preset number of time granularities, the ninth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, microseconds, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, or a code chip.

10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The indication information includes at least one of second R2D control information and second D2R control information.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that When the indication message includes the second R2D control information, the indication information of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following: Rate information, used to indicate the transmission rate; Carrier frequency information, used to indicate the carrier frequency of transmission; Frequency information, which includes the frequency location and / or bandwidth size used for index transmission; Time domain information, used to indicate the time domain position and / or time domain duration of the transmission; Time granularity information, used to indicate the adopted time granularity and / or the corresponding time granularity size; Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data block being transmitted; Modulation information, used to indicate the modulation mode and / or modulation order of this transmission; Bit rate information, used to indicate the bit rate of this transmission; Coding information, used to indicate the encoding method of this transmission; Repeat transmission information, used to indicate whether repeated transmission is used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeated transmissions; Frequency hopping indication information, used to indicate whether frequency hopping is performed in this transmission and / or the frequency hopping position; Midamble indication information, used to indicate whether midamble is used in this transmission, the density of midambles, the number of midambles, and the time granularity of deployment of midambles; The indication target of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following: PRDCH; first R2D control information; Other parts of the preamble synchronization code; PDRCH; first D2R control information; potential reference signals; auxiliary information; Broadcast information.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that When the indication message includes the second D2R control information, the indication information of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following: Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data block being transmitted; Bit rate information, used to indicate the bit rate of this transmission; Coding information, used to indicate the encoding method of this transmission; Repeat transmission information, used to indicate whether repeated transmission is used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeated transmissions; Continue transmission information, used to indicate whether the transmission of this transmission block is completed; Duration information, used to indicate the duration of this transmission; Midamble indication information, used to indicate whether midambles are used in this transmission, the density of midambles, the number of midambles, and the time granularity of deployment of midambles; The indication target of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following: PDRCH; first D2R control information; Other parts of the preamble synchronization code; potential reference signals; Auxiliary information.

13. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When a midamble is used for synchronization, the midamble is inserted in the middle of D2R transmission or R2D transmission, and the midamble is used for at least one of timing enhancement, time or frequency tracking, channel estimation, and interference estimation; The intermediate synchronization code includes at least one of a composition mode, a duration, and a deployment density interval, wherein: The composition mode of the intermediate synchronization code includes at least one of the following: Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Multiplexing target generation sequence; Define a new generation sequence; Using the same generation method as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information; Using the same generation mechanism as at least one of the starting position indication, clock acquisition, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information; Define new generation mechanisms; The intermediate synchronization code is used for a D2R link or an R2D link; The duration of the midamble includes a tenth preset number of time granularities, where the time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a microsecond, a symbol, a sampling point, a time unit, and a chip, wherein the tenth preset number is greater than 0; The deployment density interval is to insert at least one of the intermediate synchronization codes every eleventh preset number of time granularities, wherein the eleventh preset number is greater than 0.

14. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When a post-amble synchronization code is used for synchronization, the post-amble synchronization code is placed at the end of the transmission, and the post-amble synchronization code is used to indicate at least one of the end of the transmission, channel estimation, and interference estimation; The trailing synchronization code includes at least one of a composition mode and a duration, wherein: The following composition methods include: Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; The same generation method is used as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Multiplexing target generation sequence; Define a new generation sequence; Use the same generation method as synchronization information; Use the same generation mechanism as synchronization information; Define new generation mechanisms; The trailing synchronization code is used for a D2R link or an R2D link; The duration of the trailing synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities, the twelfth preset number is greater than 0, and the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, Slot, Subframe, Frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and code chip.

15. The method according to any one of claims 3, 5-9, 13, and 14, characterized in that: The time granularity is newly defined, wherein the newly defined time granularity includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, a symbol, a time unit, or a chip, wherein the newly defined time granularity is expressed as: PDRCH OFDM symbol; PDRCH Slot; PDRCH Subframe; PDRCH Frame; PDRCH sampling point; PDRCH symbol; PDRCH duration; PDRCH chip; PRDCH OFDM symbol; PRDCH Slot; PRDCH Subframe; PRDCH Frame; PRDCH sampling point; PRDCH symbol; PRDCH duration; PRDCH chip.

16. The method according to any one of claims 3, 5-9, 13, and 14, characterized in that: The time granularity is a definition of the multiplexing new radio NR, wherein the time granularity of the multiplexing NR includes at least one of an OFDM symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a sampling point, and a microsecond.

17. The method according to any one of claims 3, 5-9, 13, and 14, characterized in that: The time granularity has a preset deviation range; or the time granularity is defined in multiple ways; or the time granularity is defined as a preset range value.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein The synchronization is performed using at least one of a leading synchronization code, a middle synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code, comprising: Sending a preamble synchronization code in a transmission header, wherein the preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information; or Send a preamble synchronization code at the head of the transmission, add a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, and transmit the preamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information together; or A preamble synchronization code is sent at the transmission header, an intermediate synchronization code is added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code, the intermediate synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information are transmitted together.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The sending of a preamble synchronization code in a transmission header, wherein the preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information, includes at least one of the following: The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the broadcast information, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information; The leading synchronization code is transmitted together with the broadcast information, and the leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and there is a preset gap between the leading synchronization code and the broadcast information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein The sending of a preamble synchronization code at a transmission header, adding a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, and the co-transmission of the preamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code, and at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information include at least one of the following: The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PRDCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the PDRCH are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the PDRCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information, the leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information, and the trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information; The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information, the leading synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap, and the trailing synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the first R2D control information, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately to the R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information. The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information, the leading synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information, and the trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and there is a preset gap between the preamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH, and the postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information; The leading synchronization code and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein The sending of a preamble synchronization code at a transmission header, adding an intermediate synchronization code in the middle of the transmission, and adding a postamble synchronization code at the end of the transmission, wherein the preamble synchronization code, the intermediate synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with at least one of a PRDCH, a PDRCH, the first R2D control information, the first D2R control information, and the broadcast information, includes at least one of the following: The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, the postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH and is set closely to the content of the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap, the postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH and is set closely to the content of the PRDCH; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the PDRCH are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH, the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the PDRCH are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap, the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information, the postamble synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the broadcast information and is set closely to the content of the broadcast information; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set closely to the broadcast information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the broadcast information and is set closely to the content of the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is arranged immediately therewith. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is arranged immediately therewith. The midamble synchronization code is located in the first R2D control information and is arranged immediately therewith. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is arranged adjacent to the first R2D control information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the first R2D control information and is arranged adjacent to the content of the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately to the first D2R control information, the postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately to the first D2R control information, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the first D2R control information and is set immediately to the content of the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, the postamble synchronization code and the first D2R control information are transmitted together, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap, the postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set closely to the first D2R control information, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the first D2R control information; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is arranged adjacent to the first R2D control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is arranged adjacent to the PRDCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is arranged adjacent to the content of the PRDCH or the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PRDCH and is set closely to the PRDCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is set closely to the content of the PRDCH or the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is set immediately adjacent to the PRDCH. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately adjacent to the first R2D control information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH and is set immediately adjacent to the content of the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set closely to the first R2D control information. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PRDCH and is set closely to the content of the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately therewith, the postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set immediately therewith, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set immediately therewith; The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The postamble synchronization code is located after the PDRCH and is set closely to the PDRCH. The midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set closely to the content of the PDRCH or the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code, the midamble synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information, the preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is set immediately to the PDRCH, the postamble synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately to the first D2R control information, and the midamble synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set immediately to the content of the PDRCH; The leading synchronization code, the intermediate synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The leading synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The trailing synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set adjacent to the first D2R control information. The intermediate synchronization code is located in the PDRCH and is set adjacent to the content of the PDRCH.

22. The method according to claim 18, wherein The synchronization mode of using at least one of the leading synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the trailing synchronization code for synchronization is indicated by any one of the following: Predefined synchronization methods; Through high-level configuration synchronization; The synchronization mode indicated by other commands.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The synchronization method configured by the high-level layer includes at least one of the following methods: Configure the synchronization mode parameters in the RRC parameters; Configure the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode in the RRC parameters; Configure synchronization mode parameters in the MAC layer; The enable status of each component in the synchronization mode is configured in the MAC layer.

24. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The synchronization mode indicated by other commands includes at least one of the following modes: Indicates the synchronization mode; Indicates the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode.

25. The method according to claim 18, wherein The method further comprises: At least one of the preamble synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code occupies a fixed duration; or The duration of at least one of the preamble synchronization code, the middle synchronization code, and the postamble synchronization code is not limited.

26. An IoT device synchronization device, characterized in that: include: The synchronization module is used to perform synchronization using at least one of a leading synchronization code, a middle synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code.

27. A communication system, characterized in that: The system comprises a base station and an Internet of Things device, wherein the base station and the Internet of Things device are synchronized using at least one of a leading synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a trailing synchronization code.

28. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; as well as a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the method for synchronizing an Internet of Things device according to any one of claims 1 to 25 by executing the executable instructions.

29. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for synchronizing an Internet of Things device according to any one of claims 1 to 25 is implemented.

30. A computer program product comprising a computer program or computer instructions, characterized in that The computer program or the computer instruction is loaded and executed by a processor, so that the computer implements the method for synchronizing an Internet of Things device according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

Images