Wireless communication method and device

Abstract

According to the wireless communication method and device provided by the invention, an APMLD can determine mapping information from a TID to a link through a first network model, so that TID-To-Link Mapping can be accurately and efficiently established. The wireless communication method comprises the following steps: an APMLD determines mapping information from a TID to a link through a first network model; wherein the mapping information from the TID to the link is used for indicating the link mapped by each TID in the plurality of TIDs.

Description

Wireless communication method and device Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and specifically to a method and device for wireless communications. Background Art

[0002] Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) introduces a traffic identifier (TID) to link mapping (TID-To-Link Mapping) to improve data transmission efficiency. TID-To-Link Mapping is implemented based on a negotiation mechanism. Establishing TID-To-Link Mapping between multi-link devices requires at least one request-response process. This negotiation is inefficient because the sending and receiving multi-link devices simply send TID-To-Link Mapping requests and responses, but the sending device has no way of knowing the receiving device's TID-To-Link Mapping requirements. This hinders the rapid establishment of TID-To-Link Mapping between the sending and receiving multi-link devices. Therefore, how to accurately and efficiently establish TID-To-Link Mapping is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a method and device for wireless communication, wherein an APMLD can determine TID-to-link mapping information through a first network model, thereby accurately and efficiently establishing TID-to-Link Mapping.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising:

[0006] The APMLD determines mapping information from the TID to the link using the first network model;

[0007] The TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate the link to which each TID in the plurality of TIDs is mapped.

[0008] In a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, including:

[0009] The non-APMLD receives the first information;

[0010] The first information includes TID-to-link mapping information, where the TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate a link to which each TID is mapped among a plurality of TIDs, where the plurality of TIDs at least includes a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the non-APMLD. The TID-to-link mapping information is determined by the APMLD using a first network model.

[0011] In a third aspect, a terminal device is provided for executing the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or its various implementations.

[0012] Specifically, the terminal device includes a functional module for executing the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or its various implementation modes.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, a network device is provided for executing the method in the above second aspect or its various implementations.

[0014] Specifically, the network device includes a functional module for executing the method in the above-mentioned second aspect or its various implementation modes.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of the first aspect or its respective implementations.

[0016] In a sixth aspect, a network device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of the second aspect or its respective implementations.

[0017] In a seventh aspect, a chip is provided for implementing the method in any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0018] Specifically, the chip includes: a processor for calling and running a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the device executes the method in any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0019] In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program, which enables a computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0020] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions enable a computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0021] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method of any one of the first to second aspects or their respective implementations.

[0022] Through the above technical solution, the APMLD can determine the TID-to-link mapping information through the first network model, thereby accurately and efficiently establishing the TID-To-Link Mapping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a network structure in which an APMLD determines TID-to-link mapping information through a first network model according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a first network model provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of multi-link communication between an AP MLD and a Non-AP MLD according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a BSR control field provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a QoS feature element provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a multi-link element provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a service flow transmission provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of another type of service flow transmission provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a prediction process for mapping a delay-sensitive service flow to multiple links according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a prediction process for mapping a non-delay-sensitive service flow to multiple links according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a model prediction and update provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of signaling interaction from a single AP MLD to a single Non-AP MLD according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of signaling interaction from a single AP MLD to multiple Non-AP MLDs according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of another wireless communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG17 is a schematic block diagram of an AP MLD provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG18 is a schematic block diagram of a Non-AP MLD according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 19 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 21 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. With respect to the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), or other communication systems.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system may include: an access point (AP) and a station (STA).

[0047] In some scenarios, an AP can be referred to as an AP STA, meaning that in a sense, an AP is also a type of STA. In some scenarios, a STA can be referred to as a non-AP STA.

[0048] In some embodiments, STAs may include AP STAs and non-AP STAs. Communication in a communication system may be between an AP and a non-AP STA, between a non-AP STA and a non-AP STA, or between a STA and a peer STA. A peer STA may refer to a device that communicates with a STA. For example, a peer STA may be an AP or a non-AP STA.

[0049] An AP acts as a bridge between wired and wireless networks, connecting wireless network clients together and then connecting the wireless network to the Ethernet. An AP can be a terminal device (such as a mobile phone) or a network device (such as a router) equipped with a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) chip.

[0050] It should be understood that the role of STA in the communication system is not absolute. For example, in some scenarios, when a mobile phone is connected to a router, the mobile phone is a non-AP STA. When the mobile phone serves as a hotspot for other mobile phones, the mobile phone plays the role of AP.

[0051] APs and non-AP STAs can be devices used in the Internet of Vehicles, IoT nodes and sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cameras, smart remote controls, smart water and electricity meters in smart homes, and sensors in smart cities.

[0052] In some embodiments, a non-AP STA may support 802.11be. A non-AP STA may also support various current and future 802.11 family wireless LAN standards, such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.

[0053] In some embodiments, the AP may be a device supporting the 802.11be standard. The AP may also be a device supporting various current and future 802.11 family WLAN standards, such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the STA may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer, virtual reality (VR) device, augmented reality (AR) device, wireless device in industrial control, set-top box, wireless device in self-driving, in-vehicle communication equipment, wireless device in remote medical, wireless device in smart grid, wireless device in transportation safety, wireless device in smart city, wireless device in smart home, wireless communication chip, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), SOC (System on Chip), etc. that supports WLAN / WIFI technology.

[0055] The frequency bands supported by WLAN technology may include but are not limited to: low frequency bands (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz) and high frequency bands (45 GHz, 60 GHz).

[0056] There are one or more links between the station and the access point. In some embodiments, the station and the access point support multi-band communication. For example, communication is performed simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz frequency bands, or communication is performed simultaneously on different channels of the same frequency band (or different frequency bands), thereby improving the communication throughput and / or reliability between devices. Such a device is generally referred to as a multi-band device, or a multi-link device (MLD), sometimes also referred to as a multi-link entity or a multi-band entity. A multi-link device can be an access point device or a station device. If the multi-link device is an access point device, the multi-link device includes one or more APs; if the multi-link device is a station device, the multi-link device includes one or more non-AP STAs.

[0057] A multi-link device including one or more APs may be referred to as an access point multi-link device (AP MLD), and a multi-link device including one or more non-AP STAs may be referred to as a non-access point multi-link device (Non-AP MLD).

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the AP may include multiple APs, the Non-AP may include multiple STAs, multiple links may be formed between the APs in the AP and the STAs in the Non-AP, and data communication may be performed between the APs in the AP and the corresponding STAs in the Non-AP through the corresponding links.

[0059] An AP is a device deployed in a wireless local area network to provide wireless communication capabilities for STAs. A station may include: User Equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. Optionally, a station may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, or a wearable device, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0060] Optionally, both the station and the access point support the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein. The term "and / or" is simply a description of an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0062] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association. For example, "A indicates B" can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association between A and B.

[0063] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are intended only to explain the specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0064] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship between indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present application, "pre-defined" or "pre-configured" may be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (e.g., including STAs and network devices). The present application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, pre-defined may refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0066] In the embodiments of the present application, the “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include a WiFi protocol and related protocols used in future WiFi communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.

[0067] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the problems solved by the present application are described below.

[0068] WiFi's Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism, due to its contention-based channel access, cannot strictly guarantee the transmission requirements of low-latency services. Hybrid coordination function (HCF) controlled channel access (HCCA) significantly degrades its reliability and robustness when data transmission is subject to interference from overlapping basic service sets (OBSS), leading to its limited application. Current multi-link technologies suffer from insufficient flexibility and significant limitations. Specifically, TID-to-link mapping is based on a negotiation mechanism. Establishing a mapping relationship between service identifiers and multiple links between multi-link devices requires at least one request-response process. This results in low negotiation efficiency because the transmitting and receiving multi-link devices simply send TID-to-link mapping requests and responses, but the receiving multi-link device has no way of knowing the TID-to-link mapping requirements of the sending multi-link device. This hinders the rapid establishment of TID-to-link mapping between the sending and receiving multi-link devices. Furthermore, due to the periodic and bursty nature of delay-sensitive traffic, the negotiation mechanism cannot ensure the priority transmission of delay-sensitive data frames in a timely manner based on the current network environment.

[0069] Based on the above problems, the present application proposes a solution for establishing TID-To-Link Mapping. APMLD can determine the mapping information of TID to link through the first network model, so that TID-To-Link Mapping can be established accurately and efficiently. Specifically, a first network model (such as an AI / ML model) is deployed on the AP MLD side, and the AP MLD performs data collection, model training and reasoning to predict the best link set for delay-sensitive service flows or non-delay-sensitive service flows, and uses beacon frames / association request frames / probe request frames to broadcast the TID to link mapping element (TID-To-Link MappingElement) predicted by the first network model (such as the AI / ML model) to part or all of the Non-AP MLDs associated with the AP MLD, thereby completing the mapping of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows to multiple links, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of TID to link mapping, and can optimize the transmission of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows. For example, to address rapidly changing link information and the low latency requirements of delay-sensitive traffic flows, real-time link mapping solutions are deployed to ensure timely transmission of each generated delay-sensitive traffic flow, improving the low-latency performance of delay-sensitive services. Furthermore, when the predicted low-latency performance of the link mapping solution meets the expected effect, the optimal delay-sensitive service identifier is assigned to the multi-link mapping solution at that moment.

[0070] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The following related technologies can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments of the present application include at least part of the following contents.

[0071] FIG2 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method 200 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG2 , the wireless communication method 200 may include at least part of the following contents:

[0072] S210: The APMLD determines TID-to-link mapping information through a first network model; wherein the TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate a link to which each TID among a plurality of TIDs is mapped.

[0073] In an embodiment of the present application, since the AP MLD has a global view of the network, it can control its associated Non-AP MLD, such as the AP MLD obtaining input data of the first network model from one or more associated Non-AP MLDs. Therefore, the AP MLD side can deploy the first network model, and the AP MLD can perform data collection, model training, and predict TID-to-link mapping relationships (TID-To-Link Mapping). The AP MLD can determine the transmission link set / transmission scheme for delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows based on the predicted TID-To-Link Mapping, and / or the Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD can determine the transmission link set / transmission scheme for delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows based on the predicted TID-To-Link Mapping.

[0074] In some embodiments, a network structure in which the APMLD determines TID-to-link mapping information based on the first network model may be as shown in FIG3 . The AP MLD obtains input data (e.g., Buffer Status Reports (BSRs)) of the first network model from its associated Non-AP MLDs 1, 2, and 3. The APMLD determines TID-to-link mapping information based on the first network model. The AP MLD may implement TID-to-link mapping corresponding to the service to be transmitted based on the TID-to-link mapping information. The APMLD may send or indicate the predicted TID-to-link mapping information to the Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD. For example, the APMLD may send or indicate the predicted TID-to-link mapping information to the Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD via a TID-To-Link Mapping Element. Thus, the Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD may implement TID-to-link mapping corresponding to the service to be transmitted based on the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first network model can be an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model. Specifically, the first network model can be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first network model may include an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer, as shown in Figure 4. The input layer receives input parameters from the AP MLD and at least one non-AP MLD. The input layer transmits the input parameters to the hidden layer. The number of hidden layers can be adaptively adjusted based on network conditions. The hidden layer performs calculations and transmits the results to the output layer, which outputs the current TID-to-link mapping. For latency-sensitive traffic flows, the current predicted TID-to-link mappings can be compared with the ideal latency to determine whether they are the optimal link mapping solution.

[0077] In some embodiments, the APMLD may include a data collection module, which may be a function that provides input data for model training and model inference. The data collection module does not perform AI / ML algorithm-specific data preparation (such as data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and conversion). Optionally, the input data for the first network model may include measurements from the Non-AP MLD and / or AP MLD, feedback from the Non-AP MLD, and historical output data from the first network model.

[0078] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

[0079] Optionally, the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the at least one Non-AP MLD included in the multiple TIDs may be part or all of the TIDs corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the at least one Non-AP MLD, and / or the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD included in the multiple TIDs may be part or all of the TIDs corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

[0080] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

[0081] That is, in an embodiment of the present application, the APMLD determines the mapping information from the TID to the link corresponding to the delay-sensitive service through the first network model, or the APMLD determines the mapping information from the TID to the link corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service through the first network model.

[0082] It should be noted that the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service can also be called a delay-sensitive service flow, and the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service can also be called a non-delay-sensitive service flow.

[0083] In some embodiments, the APMLD may retrain the first network model according to a third period. That is, the APMLD may periodically retrain the first network model to ensure the prediction performance of the first network model.

[0084] Optionally, the third period is determined based on network load information and / or channel occupancy information. Optionally, the third period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the third period is determined by the APMLD.

[0085] In some embodiments, when new delay-sensitive traffic arrives and / or when network load and / or channel occupancy changes, the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0086] That is, when the network environment changes (such as the arrival of new delay-sensitive traffic, changes in network load and / or channel occupancy, etc.), the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model to ensure the predictive performance of the network model.

[0087] In some embodiments, when an APMLD is associated with only one Non-AP MLD, the association relationship between the APMLD and the Non-AP MLD can be as shown in Figure 5. The APMLD's subordinate AP1 is connected to the Non-AP MLD's subordinate STA1 via link 1 (20 MHz channel, 2.4 GHz frequency band), the APMLD's subordinate AP2 is connected to the Non-AP MLD's subordinate STA2 via link 2 (160 MHz channel, 5 GHz frequency band), and the APMLD's subordinate AP3 is connected to the Non-AP MLD's subordinate STA3 via link 3 (320 MHz channel, 6 GHz frequency band). For example, as shown in Table 1, a real-time traffic / delay-sensitive service flow occurs at a 10 ms interval. When a new periodic delay-sensitive service flow (e.g., TIDs 0-3) and a non-delay-sensitive service flow (e.g., TIDs 4-7) arrive, in this embodiment, a delay-sensitive service flow is considered to have an average transmission delay of less than 11 ms, where delay-sensitive service flows account for 80% of the total pending service flows. In this embodiment, non-delay-sensitive TIDs have high throughput requirements. To ensure the timely delivery of a large number of delay-sensitive data frames, the first network model deployed on the AP MLD side receives input information from the AP MLD and Non-AP MLD, and outputs the TID-To-Link Mapping at the current moment. The AP MLD formulates a link mapping scheme for the service flow based on the TID-To-Link Mapping at the current moment. Using the link mapping parameters, the delay-sensitive service flow (TID 0-3) is mapped to one or more high-quality (low channel occupancy / light link load) links (e.g., link 1 and link 2) for transmission, and the non-delay-sensitive service flow (TID 4-7) is mapped to link 3. Because link conditions change with changes in the network environment, if the delay-sensitive flow of the next cycle arrives and the delay-sensitive service flow of the previous cycle has not yet been transmitted, it is necessary to re-formulate the link mapping scheme for the newly arrived delay-sensitive service flow. The first network model, based on network access information, completes link mapping for the next cycle of delay-sensitive traffic based on the predicted new TID-to-Link Mapping, without suspending the transmission of the previous round of delay-sensitive traffic. This model enables timely updating of the link mapping scheme, ensuring that each newly arriving delay-sensitive traffic is mapped to the optimal link for transmission and that non-delay-sensitive traffic flows can achieve their throughput requirements.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090] In an embodiment of the present application, since the AP MLD has a global perspective, it develops a link mapping scheme (TID-To-Link Mapping) for all traffic flows to be transmitted, allocating transmission links for delay-sensitive and non-delay-sensitive traffic flows. Based on machine learning, the first network model obtains the measured values ​​of relevant non-AP MLDs and AP MLDs in the current network environment, predicts the link quality of multiple links, and outputs a TID-To-Link Mapping. Due to the variability of the network environment and the periodic nature of the sudden arrival of delay-sensitive traffic, the link quality of the same link also varies accordingly. The TID-To-Link Mapping scheme can be dynamically planned based on the predicted latency requirements of delay-sensitive traffic flows and other parameters in the network environment, providing link mapping configurations for multiple non-AP MLDs to ensure the timely delivery of delay-sensitive data frames and the throughput requirements of non-delay-sensitive data frames. Optionally, the non-AP MLD sends a TID-To-Link Mapping request to the AP MLD. The AP MLD receives the request and carries the TID-To-Link Mapping in the TID-To-Link Mapping response. Optionally, if the gain determined by the TID-To-Link Mapping meets the requirement (for example, the average arrival delay is less than 5 ms), it is the optimal TID-To-Link Mapping; otherwise, additional optimization is performed (for example, the model inference step is re-executed).

[0091] In some embodiments, when multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the above S210 may specifically include:

[0092] The APMLD inputs the first data set into the first network model and outputs mapping information from the TID to the link;

[0093] The first data set includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit (Delay Bound) information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate (Mean Date Rate) information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, basic service set (BSS) load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

[0094] Specifically, the Non-AP MLD and / or AP MLD arriving service flows (i.e., TIDs) can be classified based on their priorities and transmission delay requirements, such as into delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services) and non-delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services). The delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services) have the highest priority during transmission. In an embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure that the delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services) have the highest priority during transmission and meet the transmission delay / deadline requirements of the delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services), the delay-sensitive service flows (TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services) are mapped to one or more links with the highest link quality among all links for transmission.

[0095] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information (such as BSR) of an attached STA with delay-sensitive service in the attached STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information (such as BSR) of an attached AP with delay-sensitive service in the attached AP of the AP MLD.

[0096] It should be noted that the link corresponding to the subordinate STA with delay-sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of the Non-AP MLD may be the enabling link of the Non-AP MLD.

[0097] In some embodiments, the buffer status information (such as BSR) includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0098] Optionally, the AP MLD can obtain buffer status information (e.g., BSR) for each attached STA corresponding to the non-AP MLD-enabled link. Specifically, the AP MLD sends a BSR polling trigger frame on the primary link to the non-AP MLD with which it has established a connection. The non-AP MLD then feeds back the BSR frame to the AP MLD, thereby enabling the AP MLD to obtain buffer status information (e.g., BSR) for each attached STA corresponding to the non-AP MLD-enabled link. The format of the BSR control field in the BSR frame may be as shown in FIG6 . The buffer status reported in the BSR control field includes subfield information such as the access category index (ACI) bitmap, delta TID, high-priority access category (ACI High), and two queue sizes (Queue Size High and Queue Size All). That is, in FIG6 , the access categories of different buffer states are indicated by ACI Bitmap, delta TID indicates the number of TIDs in the buffer state, and Queue Size All is used in conjunction with a scaling factor (SF) to indicate the buffer queue size.

[0099] In some embodiments, the AP MLD can send a channel load request frame to at least one non-AP MLD associated with it. The non-AP MLD uses the virtual / physical carrier sensing mechanism to sense whether the channel is idle, calculates the channel load, and feeds back to the AP MLD through a channel load response frame.

[0100] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0101] In some embodiments, an AP MLD may send an add traffic stream request frame (ADDTS request frame) to at least one associated non-AP MLD to obtain traffic characteristics and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for delay-sensitive services. The non-AP MLD transmits an add traffic stream response frame (ADDTS response frame) as a response to the ADDTS request frame and reports the traffic characteristics and QoS requirements of the service traffic currently to be transmitted to the AP MLD. Specifically, the format of the QoS Characteristics element in the add traffic stream response frame may be as shown in FIG. 7 . The QoS Characteristics element may indicate traffic characteristics, link information, and the like transmitted between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD.

[0102] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of the STA with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of the subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the access category (AC) corresponding to the delay-sensitive service.

[0103] Optionally, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within a first duration. Optionally, the first duration may be a specific duration, a duration before a current moment, or a pre-set duration. Specifically, for example, the first duration may include one or more time units, wherein the time unit may be one of the following: minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, symbol, time slot, microslot, subframe, or frame.

[0104] Specifically, for example, the AP MLD queries a data transmission rate curve for a period of time of a STA with delay-sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with it, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data frame transmission rate change curve corresponding to each AC corresponding to a link with delay-sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with it, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data transmission rate curve for a period of time of an AP with delay-sensitive services among its subordinate APs, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data frame transmission rate change curve corresponding to each AC corresponding to a link with delay-sensitive services among its subordinate APs, to determine the data frame transmission rate.

[0105] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the AP MLD includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: identifiers of n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links; wherein the n links are links established between at least one non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0106] In some embodiments, the AP MLD may obtain the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD through a multi-link element, wherein the format of the Multi-Link element may be as shown in FIG8 . Specifically, the Multi-Link element may indicate the following: link identifier, information such as the frequency, channel bandwidth, and number of spatial streams corresponding to the link (e.g., Link 1, Channel 2.4 GHz, Band 20 MHz, 8 spatial streams), and link quality of all links (e.g., links with a value higher than the clear channel assessment (CCA) value are set to enabled, otherwise they are disabled).

[0107] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of link quality, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links. The n links are links established between the AP MLD and at least one non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0108] In some embodiments, the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services are mapped to links in the n links to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped. For example, the TID mapping method for non-delay-sensitive services can be as shown in FIG9 , where the complement of the delay-sensitive service identifier mapping link set is used as the non-delay-sensitive traffic transmission link set to meet the throughput requirements of the non-delay-sensitive traffic.

[0109] In some embodiments, the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services are mapped to some or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and transmitted. For example, the TID mapping method for non-delay-sensitive services can be as shown in Figure 10. If the link set mapped to the delay-sensitive TID is all links, the delay-sensitive service traffic is preferentially transmitted on all links, and the non-delay-sensitive service traffic is started after the delay-sensitive service traffic is transmitted.

[0110] In some embodiments, the APMLD maps a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0111] In some embodiments, when a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, the APMLD maps a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from among the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, where the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0112] Optionally, the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including:

[0113] The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0114] Optionally, the first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0115] Optionally, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0116] In some embodiments, before the APMLD sends the first information, the APMLD receives second information for requesting mapping information of the TID to the link. Optionally, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, or a reassociation request frame.

[0117] For example, the second information is carried by a beacon frame, and the first information is also carried by a beacon frame.

[0118] For example, the second information is carried by a probe request frame, and the first information is carried by a probe response frame.

[0119] For example, the second information is carried by an association request frame, and the first information is carried by an association response frame.

[0120] For example, the second information is carried by a reassociation request frame, and the first information is carried by a reassociation response frame.

[0121] In some embodiments, when the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the first preset condition, the APMLD re-predicts the TID-to-link mapping information through the first network model, or the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0122] In some embodiments, the APMLD determines whether the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition according to a first period. Optionally, the first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

[0123] In some embodiments, the prediction process for TID-to-link mapping solutions for delay-sensitive services can be shown in Figure 11. Specifically, network conditions may change at any time, so timely updates to the model (i.e., the first network model) are essential for real-time deployment of the optimal link mapping solution. Model (i.e., the first network model) updates can be based on two aspects: 1) the period; and 2) changes in relevant measurements in the network environment. The model update period can be set to a fixed value based on data evaluation conditions or adaptively updated based on network load and channel occupancy. Within a given period, the AP MLD determines the optimal link mapping solution at that moment and checks whether it is equal to the link mapping solution at the previous moment. If any input parameter changes, the AP MLD determines a new optimal link mapping solution and notifies all non-AP MLDs of the new link mapping parameters. The new link mapping parameters are then deployed to all non-AP MLDs associated with the AP MLD via beacon frames, association frames, or probe request frames. The AP MLD obtains the transmission delay requirements of delay-sensitive service traffic for each attached STA corresponding to the enabled link. A non-AP MLD has at least one delay-sensitive service flow. Based on machine learning, the model inputs network measurement information (such as the delay-sensitive data frame transmission rate, link quality, etc.) to develop a set of optimal link mapping solutions for the current delay-sensitive service identifier, determine the delay performance generated by the current delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution, and whether it can ensure the timely delivery of delay-sensitive data frames. If the low-latency performance of the current link mapping solution meets the expected effect (for example, the average arrival delay is less than 5ms), then the delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution is determined to be the current optimal mapping solution, and the delay-sensitive service flow is mapped to the optimal transmission link set, and channel access is enabled for the transmission of delay-sensitive data frames. If the performance is poor, the model training and inference will be returned, and the optimal delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution will be recalculated and deployed based on the real-time low-latency service requirements.

[0124] In some embodiments, when the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the above S210 may specifically include:

[0125] The APMLD inputs the second data set into the first network model and outputs mapping information from the TID to the link;

[0126] The second data set includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, average data rate (Mean Date Rate) information associated with TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay-sensitive service.

[0127] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: buffer status information (such as BSR) of an affiliated STA with non-delay-sensitive service in the affiliated STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information (such as BSR) of an affiliated AP with non-delay-sensitive service in the affiliated AP of the AP MLD.

[0128] In some embodiments, the buffer status information (such as BSR) includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0129] Specifically, the AP MLD sends a BSR polling trigger frame on the primary link to the non-AP MLD with which it has established a connection. The non-AP MLD then feeds back the BSR frame to the AP MLD, allowing the AP MLD to obtain buffer status information (e.g., BSR) for each attached STA corresponding to the non-AP MLD-enabled link. The format of the BSR control field in the BSR frame may be as shown in FIG6 . The buffer status reported in the BSR control field includes subfield information such as the ACI bitmap, delta TID, high-priority access type (ACI High), and two queue sizes (high-priority queue size (Queue Size High) and all queue sizes (Queue Size All)). Specifically, in FIG6 , the access categories of different buffer states are indicated by the ACI bitmap, delta TID indicates the number of TIDs in the buffer state, and Queue Size All, used in conjunction with the scaling factor (SF), can indicate the buffer queue size.

[0130] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the primary link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the secondary link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0131] In some embodiments, an AP MLD may send an ADDTS request frame to at least one associated non-AP MLD to obtain traffic characteristics and quality of service (QoS) requirements for delay-sensitive services. The non-AP MLD transmits an ADDTS response frame as a response to the ADDTS request frame and reports the traffic characteristics and QoS requirements of the service traffic currently to be transmitted to the AP MLD. Specifically, the format of the QoS Characteristics element in the ADDTS response frame may be as shown in FIG. 7 . The QoS Characteristics element may indicate traffic characteristics, link information, and the like transmitted between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD.

[0132] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of the STA with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of the subordinate AP with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the ACs corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service.

[0133] Optionally, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within a second duration. Optionally, the second duration may be a specific duration, a duration before the current moment, or a pre-set duration. Specifically, for example, the second duration may include one or more time units, wherein the time unit may be one of the following: minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, symbol, time slot, microslot, subframe, or frame.

[0134] Specifically, for example, the AP MLD queries a data transmission rate curve for a period of time of an STA with non-delay-sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with it, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data frame transmission rate change curve corresponding to each AC corresponding to a link with non-delay-sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with it, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data transmission rate curve for a period of time of an AP with non-delay-sensitive services among its subordinate APs, to determine the data frame transmission rate; and / or, the AP MLD queries a data frame transmission rate change curve corresponding to each AC corresponding to a link with non-delay-sensitive services among its subordinate APs, to determine the data frame transmission rate.

[0135] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the AP MLD includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: identifiers of n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links; wherein the n links are links established between at least one non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0136] In some embodiments, the AP MLD may obtain the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD through a multi-link element, wherein the format of the Multi-Link element may be as shown in FIG8 . Specifically, the Multi-Link element may indicate the following: link identifier, information such as the frequency, channel bandwidth, and number of spatial streams corresponding to the link (e.g., Link 1, Channel 2.4 GHz, Band 20 MHz, 8 spatial streams), and link quality of all links (e.g., links with a value higher than the clear channel assessment (CCA) value are set to enabled, otherwise they are disabled).

[0137] In some embodiments, the APMLD maps a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0138] In some embodiments, when throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, the APMLD maps the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to the corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, where the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0139] Optionally, the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including:

[0140] The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0141] Optionally, the second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0142] In some embodiments, when the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the second preset condition, the APMLD re-predicts the TID-to-link mapping information using the first network model, or the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0143] Optionally, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0144] In some embodiments, before the APMLD sends the first information, the APMLD receives second information for requesting mapping information of the TID to the link. Optionally, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, or a reassociation request frame.

[0145] For example, the second information is carried by a beacon frame, and the first information is also carried by a beacon frame.

[0146] For example, the second information is carried by a probe request frame, and the first information is carried by a probe response frame.

[0147] For example, the second information is carried by an association request frame, and the first information is carried by an association response frame.

[0148] For example, the second information is carried by a reassociation request frame, and the first information is carried by a reassociation response frame.

[0149] In some embodiments, the APMLD determines whether the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the second preset condition according to a second period. Optionally, the second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

[0150] In some embodiments, the prediction process for the TID-to-link mapping scheme for non-delay-sensitive services can be shown in Figure 12. Specifically, network conditions may change at any time, so timely updates to the model (i.e., the first network model) are essential for real-time deployment of the optimal link mapping scheme. The model (i.e., the first network model) can be updated based on the following two aspects: 1) the period; and 2) whether relevant measurements in the network environment have changed. The model update period can be set to a fixed value based on data evaluation conditions or adaptively updated based on network load and channel occupancy. Within a given period, the AP MLD determines the optimal link mapping scheme at that moment and checks whether it is equal to the link mapping scheme at the previous moment. If any input parameter changes, the AP MLD determines the new optimal link mapping scheme and notifies all non-AP MLDs of the new link mapping parameters. The new link mapping parameters are deployed to all non-AP MLDs associated with the AP MLD via beacon frames, association frames, or probe request frames. The AP MLD obtains the transmission delay requirements for non-delay-sensitive service traffic for each affiliated STA corresponding to the enabled link. Based on machine learning, the model inputs network measurement information (such as non-delay-sensitive data frame transmission rate, link quality, etc.) to develop a set of optimal link mapping solutions for the current non-delay-sensitive service identifier, determine the throughput performance generated by the current non-delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution, and whether it can ensure the timely delivery of non-delay-sensitive data frames. If the throughput performance of the current link mapping solution meets the expected effect, then the non-delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution is determined to be the current optimal mapping solution, and the non-delay-sensitive service flow is mapped to the optimal transmission link set, and channel access is enabled for the transmission of non-delay-sensitive data frames. If the performance is poor, the model training and inference will be returned, and the optimal non-delay-sensitive service identifier to multi-link mapping solution will be recalculated and deployed based on the throughput requirements.

[0151] In some embodiments, AP MLD predicts TID-to-Link Mapping based on buffer status information, information about each link (including frequency, bandwidth, link load, and number of spatial streams), traffic characteristics, and historical prediction information. In this embodiment, the output can be the number of spatial streams for each link. Among the many parameters that affect the physical transmission rate, the number of spatial streams ( / spatial stream remaining utilization) is the decisive parameter. A genetic algorithm (including but not limited to a genetic algorithm) can be used to optimize the mapping links for delay-sensitive service identifiers, finding one or more links with the maximum spatial stream remaining utilization for mapping and transmission. The genetic algorithm refers to Darwin's theory of biological evolution and genetic mechanisms, simulating the natural selection and evolution process of organisms. As shown in Figure 13, the core algorithm of the embodiment of the present application is the "selection", "crossover", and "mutation" operations. In this embodiment, the "selection" operation sorts the predicted number of spatial streams ( / spatial stream remaining utilization) from large to small, sequentially mapping the delay-sensitive service identifiers to the link set with the best quality of the first m links, and mapping non-delay-sensitive flows to the remaining (nm) links (a total of n links). The crossover operator combines the traffic-link mapping pairs from the previous step, fine-tuning the parameters until the global optimal solution is achieved. The variation section can consider urgent and special situations in latency-sensitive traffic flows, assigning specific transmission links to them, ultimately achieving the optimal link mapping solution.

[0152] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, APMLD can determine the mapping information of TID to link through the first network model, so that TID-To-Link Mapping can be established accurately and efficiently. Specifically, the first network model (such as AI / ML model) is deployed on the AP MLD side, and AP MLD performs data collection, model training and reasoning to predict the best link set for delay-sensitive service flows or non-delay-sensitive service flows, and uses beacon frames / association request frames / probe request frames to broadcast the TID-to-link mapping association (TID-To-Link Mapping) predicted by the first network model (such as AI / ML model) to part or all of the Non-AP MLDs associated with AP MLD, thereby completing the mapping of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows to multiple links, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of TID-to-link mapping, and can optimize the transmission of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows. For example, to address rapidly changing link information and the low latency requirements of delay-sensitive traffic flows, real-time link mapping solutions are deployed to ensure timely transmission of each generated delay-sensitive traffic flow, improving the low-latency performance of delay-sensitive services. Furthermore, when the predicted low-latency performance of the link mapping solution meets the expected effect, the optimal delay-sensitive service identifier is assigned to the multi-link mapping solution at that moment.

[0153] The technical solution of this application is described in detail below through Example 1 and Example 2.

[0154] In Example 1, the signaling exchange process from a single AP MLD to a single non-AP MLD may be as shown in Figure 14 , including data collection, training, and inference for the AI / ML model (i.e., the first network model described above). The collected data is used as input information for AI / ML model training and AI / ML model inference, respectively, in a certain proportion. The TID-To-Link Mapping prediction process shown in Figure 14 may specifically include the following steps S11 to S19 .

[0155] S11: The Non-AP MLD reports the service request of the corresponding service identifier, such as latency / throughput.

[0156] S12: AP MLD requests the associated Non-AP MLD to enable the link for each subordinate STA's buffer status information, channel load, and QoS characteristic parameters: delay bound and mean data rate. Specifically, AP MLD broadcasts a control frame (such as a BSR polling trigger frame) to request Non-AP MLD for the buffer status information of each subordinate STA corresponding to the enabled link within a period of time, including the number of delay-sensitive service identifiers TIDs and the corresponding queue size; AP MLD sends a Channel Load request frame to Non-AP MLD to request channel load; AP MLD sends an ADDTS request frame to Non-AP MLD to obtain the traffic characteristics and QoS characteristic parameters of delay-sensitive services, such as the delay bound and mean data rate of delay-sensitive TIDs. These parameters will serve as input information for AI / ML model training and prediction.

[0157] S13: The Non-AP MLD responds to the received request and provides the AP MLD with the buffer status information, channel load, and QoS characteristic parameters of each attached STA corresponding to the Non-AP MLD-enabled link within a period of time. Specifically, the Non-AP MLD sends a BSR frame to the AP MLD to report the buffer status report of each attached STA corresponding to its enabled link; the Non-AP MLD sends a Channel Load response frame to report the channel load to the AP MLD; and the Non-AP MLD sends an ADDTS response frame to report traffic characteristics and QoS characteristic parameters.

[0158] S14: AI / ML model training and inference input data consists of two parts: the average arrival delay of delay-sensitive service flows, multi-link parameters, BSS load parameters, and the data frame transmission rate over a period of time corresponding to the delay-sensitive service identifier (TID) obtained locally from the AP MLD; and the buffer status report, channel load of all links, and QoS characteristic parameters fed back from the non-AP MLD.

[0159] S15: Uses input data from S13 to train AI / ML models and perform inference output.

[0160] S16: Output TID-To-Link Mapping and update the parameters contained in the AP MLD TID-To-Link Mapping.

[0161] S17: The Non-AP MLD sends a TID-To-Link Mapping Request to the AP MLD. This means the Non-AP MLD initiates a request to negotiate a TID-to-link mapping for establishing a link with the peer Media Access Control (MAC) entity. This frame can be a beacon frame, a probe request frame, or a (re)association request frame.

[0162] S18: The AP MLD receives the link mapping request and responds to it by sending a TID-To-Link Mappings.Response, which can be a beacon frame, a probe response frame, or a (re)association response frame.

[0163] S19: The AP MLD, assisted by the AI / ML model, obtains information about multiple links and the transmitter's TID-to-Link Mapping requirements. It then develops a link mapping scheme and deploys it via beacon frames, probe response frames, and association response frames. Based on the service identifier-to-multilink mapping parameters carried in S18, it maps all pending service flows to links. Delay-sensitive service flows in the network are assigned specific transmission links to meet their low latency requirements, while delay-insensitive service flows are assigned specific transmission links to meet their throughput requirements.

[0164] In Example 2, the signaling exchange process from a single AP MLD to multiple non-AP MLDs can be as shown in Figure 15 , including data collection, training, and inference for the AI / ML model (i.e., the first network model described above). The collected data is used as input information for AI / ML model training and AI / ML model inference, respectively, in a certain proportion. The TID-To-Link Mapping prediction process shown in Figure 15 can specifically include the following steps S21 to S29 .

[0165] S21: Multiple Non-AP MLDs report service requests of corresponding service identifiers, such as latency / throughput.

[0166] S22: The AP MLD requests relevant measurement values ​​from multiple associated Non-AP MLDs, including but not limited to the buffer status information of each attached STA corresponding to multiple Non-AP MLD-enabled links, channel load, QoS feature parameters, and traffic characteristics. Specifically, the AP MLD broadcasts a control frame (such as a BSR polling trigger frame) to request the Non-AP MLD for the buffer status information of each attached STA corresponding to all Non-AP MLD-enabled links within a period of time: the number of delay-sensitive service identifiers (TIDs) and the corresponding queue size; the AP MLD sends a Channel Load request frame to the Non-AP MLD to request the channel load; and the AP MLD sends an ADDTS request frame to the Non-AP MLD to obtain the traffic characteristics and QoS feature parameters of delay-sensitive services, such as the delay bound and mean data rate of the delay-sensitive TID. These parameters will serve as input information for AI / ML model training and prediction.

[0167] S23: At least one Non-AP MLD receives the request and provides the AP MLD with the Non-AP MLD buffer status information, channel load, QoS parameters, and traffic characteristics. Specifically, the Non-AP MLD sends a BSR frame to the AP MLD to report the buffer status; the Non-AP MLD sends a Channel Load Response frame to the AP MLD to report the channel load; and the Non-AP MLD sends an ADDTS Response frame to report the traffic characteristics and QoS parameters.

[0168] S24: AI / ML model training and inference input data consists of two parts: the average arrival delay of delay-sensitive service flows, multi-link parameters, BSS load parameters, and the data frame transmission rate over a period of time corresponding to the delay-sensitive service identifier (TID) obtained locally from the AP MLD; and the buffer status report, channel load of all links, and QoS characteristic parameters fed back from the non-AP MLD.

[0169] S25: Use the input data from S23 to train the AI / ML model and perform model inference. The inference results are cached in beacon frames, probe request frames, and association frames to deploy TID-to-link mapping for all non-AP MLDs.

[0170] S26: Output TID-To-Link Mapping and update the parameters included in the AP MLD TID-To-Link Mapping.

[0171] S27: The Non-AP MLD sends a TID-To-Link Mappings.Request to the AP MLD.

[0172] S28: The AP MLD receives the link mapping request and responds to it by sending a TID-To-Link Mappings.Response.

[0173] S29: The AI / ML model-assisted AP MLD receives information about multiple links and the transmitter's TID-to-Link Mapping requirements. Therefore, we develop a link mapping solution on the AP MLD side and deploy it via beacon frames, probe response frames, and association response frames. Based on the service identifier-to-multilink mapping parameters carried in S28, all pending service flows are mapped to links. Delay-sensitive service flows in the network are assigned specific transmission links to meet their low latency requirements, while delay-insensitive service flows are assigned specific transmission links to meet their throughput requirements.

[0174] The above, in conjunction with Figures 2 to 15, describes in detail the APMLD side embodiment of the present application. The following, in conjunction with Figure 16, describes in detail the Non-AP MLD side embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the Non-AP MLD side embodiment corresponds to the APMLD side embodiment, and similar descriptions can refer to the APMLD side embodiment.

[0175] FIG16 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method 300 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG16 , the wireless communication method 300 may include at least part of the following contents:

[0176] S310: A non-APMLD receives first information; the first information includes TID-to-link mapping information, where the TID-to-link mapping information indicates a link to which each TID in a plurality of TIDs is mapped, the plurality of TIDs including at least a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the non-APMLD, and the TID-to-link mapping information is determined by the APMLD using a first network model.

[0177] In the embodiment of the present application, since the AP MLD has a global view of the network, it can control its associated non-AP MLD. For example, the AP MLD obtains input data for the first network model from one or more associated non-AP MLDs. Therefore, the AP MLD side can deploy the first network model, and the AP MLD can perform data collection, model training, and predict TID-to-link mapping relationships (TID-To-Link Mapping). The non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD can determine the transmission link set / transmission scheme for delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows based on the predicted TID-To-Link Mapping.

[0178] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs further include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one other Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

[0179] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

[0180] In some embodiments, when the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a first data set;

[0181] The first data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

[0182] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an attached STA with delay-sensitive service among attached STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an attached AP with delay-sensitive service among attached APs of the AP MLD;

[0183] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0184] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0185] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0186] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC in an access type AC corresponding to the delay-sensitive service;

[0187] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0188] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within a first time period.

[0189] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of the n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links;

[0190] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0191] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of link quality, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links;

[0192] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0193] In some embodiments, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to a link among the n links to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped; or, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to some or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and transmission is completed.

[0194] In some embodiments, the Non-APMLD receives first information including:

[0195] In a case where a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, the Non-APMLD receives the first information.

[0196] Optionally, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0197] In some embodiments, whether the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition is determined according to a first period.

[0198] In some embodiments, the first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

[0199] In some embodiments, the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including:

[0200] The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0201] In some embodiments, the first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0202] In some embodiments, before the Non-APMLD receives the first information, the Non-APMLD sends second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information between the TID and the link.

[0203] Optionally, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

[0204] In some embodiments, when the plurality of TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a second data set;

[0205] The second data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay-sensitive service.

[0206] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an attached STA with non-delay-sensitive service among attached STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an attached AP with non-delay-sensitive service among attached APs of the AP MLD;

[0207] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0208] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0209] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the primary link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the secondary link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0210] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC among the ACs corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service;

[0211] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0212] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within the second time period.

[0213] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of the n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links;

[0214] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0215] In some embodiments, the Non-APMLD receives first information including:

[0216] In a case where throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information meets a second preset condition, the Non-APMLD receives the first information.

[0217] Optionally, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0218] In some embodiments, whether the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the second preset condition is determined according to a second period.

[0219] In some embodiments, the second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

[0220] In some embodiments, throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including:

[0221] The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0222] In some embodiments, the second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0223] In some embodiments, before the Non-APMLD receives the first information, the Non-APMLD sends second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information between the TID and the link.

[0224] Optionally, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

[0225] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, APMLD can determine the mapping information of TID to link through the first network model, so that TID-To-Link Mapping can be established accurately and efficiently. Specifically, the first network model (such as AI / ML model) is deployed on the AP MLD side, and AP MLD performs data collection, model training and reasoning to predict the best link set for delay-sensitive service flows or non-delay-sensitive service flows, and uses beacon frames / association request frames / probe request frames to broadcast the TID-to-link mapping association (TID-To-Link Mapping) predicted by the first network model (such as AI / ML model) to part or all of the Non-AP MLDs associated with AP MLD, thereby completing the mapping of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows to multiple links, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of TID-to-link mapping, and can optimize the transmission of delay-sensitive service flows and / or non-delay-sensitive service flows. For example, to address rapidly changing link information and the low latency requirements of delay-sensitive traffic flows, real-time link mapping solutions are deployed to ensure timely transmission of each generated delay-sensitive traffic flow, improving the low-latency performance of delay-sensitive services. Furthermore, when the predicted low-latency performance of the link mapping solution meets the expected effect, the optimal delay-sensitive service identifier is assigned to the multi-link mapping solution at that moment.

[0226] The above text, in combination with Figures 2 to 16, describes in detail the method embodiment of the present application. The following text, in combination with Figures 17 to 21, describes in detail the device embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the device embodiment and the method embodiment correspond to each other, and similar descriptions can refer to the method embodiment.

[0227] FIG17 shows a schematic block diagram of an APMLD 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5 , the APMLD 400 includes:

[0228] The processing unit 410 is configured to determine mapping information of a traffic identifier TID to a link through a first network model;

[0229] The TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate the link to which each TID in the plurality of TIDs is mapped.

[0230] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

[0231] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

[0232] In some embodiments, when the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the processing unit 310 is specifically configured to:

[0233] Inputting the first data set into the first network model, and outputting mapping information of the TID to the link;

[0234] The first data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, basic service set BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

[0235] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an affiliated STA with delay-sensitive service in the affiliated site STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an affiliated AP with delay-sensitive service in the affiliated access point AP of the AP MLD.

[0236] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0237] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0238] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of the STA with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of the subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the access type AC corresponding to the delay-sensitive service.

[0239] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within a first time period.

[0240] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of link quality, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links;

[0241] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0242] In some embodiments, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to a link among the n links to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped; or, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to some or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and transmission is completed.

[0243] In some embodiments, the APMLD 400 further includes: a communication unit 420;

[0244] The processing unit 410 is further configured to map a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the communication unit 420 is configured to send first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0245] In some embodiments, the APMLD 400 further includes: a communication unit 420;

[0246] If the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, the processing unit 410 is further configured to map, according to the TID-to-link mapping information, a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link, and / or the communication unit 420 is configured to send first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information; and / or

[0247] If the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the first preset condition, the processing unit 410 is further configured to re-predict the TID-to-link mapping information using the first network model, or retrain the first network model, or switch from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0248] In some embodiments, the processing unit 410 is further configured to determine, according to a first period, whether a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition.

[0249] In some embodiments, the first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

[0250] In some embodiments, the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including:

[0251] The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0252] In some embodiments, the first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0253] In some embodiments, when the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the processing unit 410 is specifically configured to:

[0254] Inputting the second data set into the first network model, and outputting mapping information of the TID to the link;

[0255] The second data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay-sensitive service.

[0256] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an affiliated STA with non-delay-sensitive service in the affiliated STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an affiliated AP with non-delay-sensitive service in the affiliated AP of the AP MLD.

[0257] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0258] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the primary link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the secondary link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0259] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of the STA with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of the subordinate AP with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the ACs corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service.

[0260] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within the second time period.

[0261] In some embodiments, the APMLD 400 further includes: a communication unit 420;

[0262] The processing unit 410 is further configured to map a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD from the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the communication unit 420 is configured to send first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

[0263] In some embodiments, the APMLD 400 further includes: a communication unit 420;

[0264] If throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, the processing unit 410 is further configured to map, according to the TID-to-link mapping information, a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD among the multiple TIDs to a corresponding link, and / or the communication unit 420 is configured to send first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information; and / or

[0265] If the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the second preset condition, the processing unit 410 is further configured to re-predict the TID-to-link mapping information using the first network model, or retrain the first network model, or switch from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0266] In some embodiments, the processing unit 410 is further configured to determine, according to a second period, whether throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the second preset condition.

[0267] In some embodiments, the second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

[0268] In some embodiments, throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including:

[0269] The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0270] In some embodiments, the second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0271] In some embodiments, before the APMLD sends the first information, the communication unit 420 is further configured to receive second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information of the TID to the link.

[0272] In some embodiments, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

[0273] In some embodiments, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0274] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of the n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links;

[0275] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0276] In some embodiments, the processing unit 410 is further configured to retrain the first network model according to a third cycle; or,

[0277] When new delay-sensitive traffic arrives and / or when the network load and / or channel occupancy changes, the processing unit 410 is also used to retrain the first network model, or the processing unit 410 is also used to switch from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

[0278] In some embodiments, the third period is determined based on network load information and / or channel occupancy information.

[0279] In some embodiments, the third period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the third period is determined by the APMLD.

[0280] In some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0281] It should be understood that the APMLD 400 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the APMLD in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the APMLD 400 are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the APMLD in the method 200 shown in FIG. 2 , which will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0282] FIG18 shows a schematic block diagram of a Non-AP MLD 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG18 , the Non-AP MLD 500 includes:

[0283] The communication unit 510 is configured to receive first information;

[0284] The first information includes mapping information of a traffic identifier TID to a link. The TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate a link to which each TID is mapped among a plurality of TIDs. The plurality of TIDs includes at least a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the non-APMLD. The TID-to-link mapping information is determined by the access point multi-link device APMLD using a first network model.

[0285] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs further include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one other Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

[0286] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

[0287] In some embodiments, when the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a first data set;

[0288] The first data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, basic service set BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

[0289] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of a subordinate STA with delay-sensitive service among at least one subordinate station STA of a Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of a subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate access points AP of the AP MLD;

[0290] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0291] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0292] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0293] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC in an access type AC corresponding to the delay-sensitive service;

[0294] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0295] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within a first time period.

[0296] In some embodiments, the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of link quality, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in descending order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links;

[0297] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0298] In some embodiments, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to a link among the n links to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped; or, the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to some or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and transmission is completed.

[0299] In some embodiments, the communication unit 510 is specifically configured to:

[0300] The first information is received when a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition.

[0301] In some embodiments, whether the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition is determined according to a first period.

[0302] In some embodiments, the first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

[0303] In some embodiments, the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including:

[0304] The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0305] In some embodiments, the first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0306] In some embodiments, when the plurality of TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a second data set;

[0307] The second data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay-sensitive service.

[0308] In some embodiments, the buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an attached STA with non-delay-sensitive service among attached STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an attached AP with non-delay-sensitive service among attached APs of the AP MLD;

[0309] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0310] In some embodiments, the buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

[0311] In some embodiments, the BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the primary link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the secondary link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

[0312] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with non-delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC among the ACs corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service;

[0313] The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD.

[0314] In some embodiments, the data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate change curve within the second time period.

[0315] In some embodiments, the communication unit 510 is specifically configured to:

[0316] The first information is received when throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information meets a second preset condition.

[0317] In some embodiments, whether the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the second preset condition is determined according to a second period.

[0318] In some embodiments, the second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

[0319] In some embodiments, throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including:

[0320] The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0321] In some embodiments, the second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

[0322] In some embodiments, the multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of the n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links;

[0323] The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

[0324] In some embodiments, before the Non-APMLD receives the first information, the communication unit 510 is further configured to send second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information between the TID and the link.

[0325] In some embodiments, the second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

[0326] In some embodiments, the first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

[0327] In some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0328] It should be understood that the Non-APMLD 500 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the Non-APMLD in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the Non-APMLD 500 are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the Non-APMLD in the method 300 shown in FIG16 . For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0329] Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 600 shown in Figure 19 includes a processor 610, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0330] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG19 , the communication device 600 may further include a memory 620. The processor 610 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 620 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0331] The memory 620 may be a separate device independent of the processor 610 , or may be integrated into the processor 610 .

[0332] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG19 , the communication device 600 may further include a transceiver 630 , and the processor 610 may control the transceiver 630 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, the transceiver 630 may send information or data to other devices, or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0333] The transceiver 630 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 630 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0334] In some embodiments, the processor 610 may implement the functions of a processing unit in a Non-AP MLD, or the processor 610 may implement the functions of a processing unit in an AP MLD, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0335] In some embodiments, the transceiver 630 may implement the function of a communication unit in the Non-AP MLD, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0336] In some embodiments, the transceiver 630 may implement the function of a communication unit in the AP MLD, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0337] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may specifically be the AP MLD of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 600 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the AP MLD in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which will not be described here for the sake of brevity.

[0338] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may specifically be the Non-AP MLD of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 600 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the Non-AP MLD in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which will not be described here for the sake of brevity.

[0339] Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 700 shown in Figure 20 includes a processor 710, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to implement the method according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0340] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG20 , the apparatus 700 may further include a memory 720 , wherein the processor 710 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 720 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0341] The memory 720 may be a separate device independent of the processor 710 , or may be integrated into the processor 710 .

[0342] In some embodiments, the processor 710 may implement the functions of a processing unit in a Non-AP MLD, or the processor 710 may implement the functions of a processing unit in an AP MLD, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0343] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 may further include an input interface 730. The processor 710 may control the input interface 730 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, may obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips. Optionally, the processor 710 may be located inside or outside the chip.

[0344] In some embodiments, the input interface 730 may implement the function of a communication unit in a Non-AP MLD, or the input interface 730 may implement the function of a communication unit in an AP MLD.

[0345] In some embodiments, the apparatus 700 may further include an output interface 740. The processor 710 may control the output interface 740 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output information or data to other devices or chips. Optionally, the processor 710 may be located inside or outside the chip.

[0346] In some embodiments, the output interface 740 may implement the function of a communication unit in a Non-AP MLD, or the output interface 740 may implement the function of a communication unit in an AP MLD.

[0347] In some embodiments, the device may be applied to the AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the device may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the AP MLD in the various methods in the embodiments of the present application, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0348] In some embodiments, the device can be applied to the Non-AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the device can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the Non-AP MLD in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0349] In some embodiments, the device mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may also be a chip, such as a system-on-chip, a system-on-chip, a chip system, or a system-on-chip chip.

[0350] FIG21 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG21 , the communication system 800 includes a Non-AP MLD 810 and an AP MLD 820 .

[0351] The Non-AP MLD 810 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the Non-AP MLD in the above method, and the AP MLD 820 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the AP MLD in the above method, which will not be described in detail for brevity.

[0352] It should be understood that the processor of the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or software instructions. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0353] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0354] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memories in the embodiments of the present application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, the memories in the embodiments of the present application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0355] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program.

[0356] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0357] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the Non-AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the Non-AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0358] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0359] In some embodiments, the computer program product can be applied to the AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0360] In some embodiments, the computer program product can be applied to the Non-AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable a computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the Non-AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0361] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.

[0362] In some embodiments, the computer program can be applied to the AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not described here.

[0363] In some embodiments, the computer program can be applied to the Non-AP MLD in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the Non-AP MLD in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not further described here.

[0364] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0365] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0366] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0367] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0368] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0369] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. In view of this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or AP MLD, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0370] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, characterized in that: include: The access point multi-link device APMLD determines mapping information of a traffic identifier TID to a link through a first network model; The TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate the link to which each TID in the multiple TIDs is mapped.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The multiple TIDs include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one non-access point multi-link device Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In a case where the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the APMLD determines mapping information from the TIDs to the links through the first network model, including: The APMLD inputs the first data set into the first network model, and outputs mapping information from the TID to the link; Among them, the first data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, basic service set BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of a subordinate STA with delay-sensitive service in a subordinate site STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of a subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service in a subordinate access point AP of the AP MLD.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of a STA with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the access type AC corresponding to the delay-sensitive service.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate variation curve within a first duration.

10. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: The multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of link quality from high to low, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links from large to small, and the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links from high to low; The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to the link to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped among the n links; or, The TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to part or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and the transmission is completed.

12. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The APMLD maps the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD in the multiple TIDs to the corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

13. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that: The method further comprises: In a case where the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, the APMLD maps the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD among the multiple TIDs to the corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information; and / or, When the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the first preset condition, the APMLD re-predicts the TID-to-link mapping information through the first network model, or the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The method further comprises: The APMLD determines, according to a first period, whether a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that The transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including: The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

18. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In a case where the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the APMLD determines mapping information from the TIDs to the links through the first network model, including: The APMLD inputs the second data set into the first network model, and outputs mapping information from the TID to the link; Among them, the second data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, average data rate information associated with TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay sensitive service.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an affiliated STA with non-delay sensitive service in the affiliated STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an affiliated AP with non-delay sensitive service in the affiliated AP of the AP MLD.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status.

21. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

22. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the data frame transmission rate of a STA with non-delay sensitive service among the affiliated STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the data frame transmission rate of an affiliated AP with non-delay sensitive service among the affiliated APs of the AP MLD, and the data frame transmission rate of each AC in the ACs corresponding to the non-delay sensitive service.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate variation curve within a second duration.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that The method further comprises: The APMLD maps the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD in the multiple TIDs to the corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information.

25. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that The method further comprises: In a case where the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, the APMLD maps the TID corresponding to the service to be transmitted by the AP MLD among the multiple TIDs to the corresponding link according to the TID-to-link mapping information, and / or the APMLD sends first information, wherein the first information includes the TID-to-link mapping information; and / or, When the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information does not meet the second preset condition, the APMLD re-predicts the TID-to-link mapping information through the first network model, or the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The method further comprises: The APMLD determines, according to a second period, whether throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information meets the second preset condition.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that The second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that The throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including: The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

30. The method according to any one of claims 12-17, 24-29, characterized in that: Before the APMLD sends the first information, the method further includes: The APMLD receives second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information of the TID to the link.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that The second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

32. The method according to any one of claims 12-17, 24-31, characterized in that The first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

33. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 32, characterized in that The multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links; The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

34. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that The method further comprises: The APMLD retrains the first network model according to a third cycle; or, When new delay-sensitive traffic arrives and / or when network load and / or channel occupancy changes, the APMLD retrains the first network model, or the APMLD switches from the first network model to another network model that implements the same function as the first network model.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that The third period is determined based on network load information and / or channel occupancy information.

36. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that The third period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the third period is determined by the APMLD.

37. A method of wireless communication, characterized in that: include: The non-access point multi-link device Non-APMLD receives the first information; The first information includes mapping information from a traffic identifier TID to a link, the mapping information from TID to a link is used to indicate a link to which each TID in a plurality of TIDs is mapped, the plurality of TIDs at least include a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the Non-APMLD, and the mapping information from TID to a link is determined by the access point multi-link device APMLD through a first network model.

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that The multiple TIDs also include at least one of the following: a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by at least one other Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the AP MLD.

39. The method according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that The multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, or the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that In a case where the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a first data set; Among them, the first data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, channel load information of the main link, transmission delay limit information associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, average data rate information associated with the TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, basic service set BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, and average arrival delay corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last delay-sensitive service.

41. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that The buffer status information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of a subordinate STA with delay-sensitive service in a subordinate station STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of a subordinate AP with delay-sensitive service in a subordinate access point AP of the AP MLD; The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-APMLD.

42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that The buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to delay-sensitive services in the buffer status.

43. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that The BSS load information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

44. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with a delay-sensitive service among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with a delay-sensitive service among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC in an access type AC corresponding to the delay-sensitive service; The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-APMLD.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate variation curve within a first duration.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 40 to 45, characterized in that The multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of link quality from high to low, or the multiple TIDs are preferentially mapped to some or all of the n links, or the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of the number of spatial streams corresponding to the links from large to small, and the multiple TIDs are sequentially mapped to some or all of the n links in order of the remaining utilization of the spatial streams corresponding to the links from high to low; The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

47. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that The TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to the link to which the multiple TIDs are not mapped among the n links; or, The TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service is mapped to part or all of the n links after the multiple TIDs are mapped to the corresponding links and the transmission is completed.

48. The method according to any one of claims 40 to 47, characterized in that The Non-APMLD receives first information, including: In a case where a transmission delay corresponding to a mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, the Non-APMLD receives the first information.

49. The method according to claim 48, characterized in that Whether the transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the first preset condition is determined according to a first period.

50. The method according to claim 49, characterized in that The first period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first period is determined by the APMLD.

51. The method according to any one of claims 48 to 50, characterized in that The transmission delay corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a first preset condition, including: The transmission delay of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to a first threshold, or the average transmission delay of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is less than or equal to the first threshold.

52. The method according to claim 51, characterized in that The first threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the first threshold is determined by the APMLD.

53. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that In a case where the multiple TIDs are TIDs corresponding to non-delay-sensitive services, the input of the first network model is a second data set; Among them, the second data set includes at least one of the following: buffer status information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, average data rate information associated with TID, multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD, BSS load information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, data frame transmission rate information corresponding to non-delay sensitive services, and average throughput corresponding to the TID corresponding to the last non-delay sensitive service.

54. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that The buffer status information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: buffer status information of an affiliated STA with non-delay-sensitive service in an affiliated STA of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, and buffer status information of an affiliated AP with non-delay-sensitive service in an affiliated AP of the AP MLD; The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-APMLD.

55. The method according to claim 54, characterized in that The buffer status information includes at least one of the following: the number of TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status, the queue size of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status, and the proportion of data frames corresponding to the TIDs corresponding to non-delay sensitive services in the buffer status.

56. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that The BSS load information corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service includes at least one of the following: the number of STAs associated with the TID corresponding to the non-delay-sensitive service, the channel bandwidth utilization of the main link, the channel bandwidth utilization of the slave link, the frequency remaining utilization, and the spatial stream remaining utilization.

57. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate information corresponding to the non-delay sensitive service includes at least one of the following: a data frame transmission rate of a STA with non-delay sensitive services among the subordinate STAs of at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, a data frame transmission rate of an subordinate AP with non-delay sensitive services among the subordinate APs of the AP MLD, and a data frame transmission rate of each AC in the ACs corresponding to the non-delay sensitive services; The at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-APMLD.

58. The method according to claim 57, characterized in that The data frame transmission rate is determined based on a data frame transmission rate variation curve within a second duration.

59. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 58, characterized in that The Non-APMLD receives first information, including: In a case where the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information meets a second preset condition, the Non-APMLD receives the first information.

60. The method according to claim 59, characterized in that Whether the throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies the second preset condition is determined according to a second period.

61. The method according to claim 60, characterized in that The second period is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second period is determined by the APMLD.

62. The method according to any one of claims 59 to 61, characterized in that The throughput information corresponding to the mapping scheme indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information satisfies a second preset condition, including: The throughput of each TID-mapped link indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to a second threshold, or the average throughput of all TID-mapped links indicated by the TID-to-link mapping information is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

63. The method according to claim 62, characterized in that The second threshold is agreed upon by a protocol, or the second threshold is determined by the APMLD.

64. The method according to any one of claims 40 to 63, characterized in that The multi-link parameter information corresponding to the APMLD includes at least one of the following: identifiers of n links, a frequency corresponding to each of the n links, a channel bandwidth corresponding to each of the n links, a number of spatial streams corresponding to each of the n links, and a link quality corresponding to each of the n links; The n links are links established between at least one Non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD and the AP MLD, the at least one Non-AP MLD includes the Non-AP MLD, and n is a positive integer.

65. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 64, characterized in that Before the Non-APMLD receives the first information, the method further includes: The Non-APMLD sends second information, where the second information is used to request mapping information from the TID to the link.

66. The method according to claim 65, characterized in that The second information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe request frame, an association request frame, and a reassociation request frame.

67. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 66, characterized in that The first information is carried by one of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame, and a reassociation response frame.

68. An access point multi-link device APMLD, characterized in that: include: A processing unit, configured to determine mapping information of a traffic identifier TID to a link through a first network model; The TID-to-link mapping information is used to indicate the link to which each TID in the multiple TIDs is mapped.

69. A non-access point multi-link device Non-APMLD, characterized in that: include: A communication unit, configured to receive first information; The first information includes mapping information from a traffic identifier TID to a link, the mapping information from TID to a link is used to indicate a link to which each TID in a plurality of TIDs is mapped, the plurality of TIDs at least include a TID corresponding to a service to be transmitted by the Non-APMLD, and the mapping information from TID to a link is determined by the access point multi-link device APMLD through a first network model.

70. An APMLD, characterized in that include: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the APMLD executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36.

71. A Non-APMLD, characterized in that include: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the Non-APMLD executes the method as described in any one of claims 37 to 67.

72. A chip, characterized in that: include: A processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36.

73. A chip, characterized in that: It comprises: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes a method as claimed in any one of claims 37 to 67.

74. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that Used for storing a computer program, when the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36 is implemented.

75. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that Used to store a computer program, when the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 37 to 67 is implemented.

76. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36 is implemented.

77. A computer program product, characterized in that Comprising computer program instructions, when the computer program instructions are executed, the method according to any one of claims 37 to 67 is implemented.

78. A computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 36 is implemented.

79. A computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 37 to 67 is implemented.

Images