Camellia-oil blueberry high yield compound cultivation method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and relates to a high-yield compound cultivation method of oil tea and blueberry. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: step one, ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer and acid base material, ridging, ditching, and applying oil tea cultivation base material in three layers; step two, soaking the roots of oil tea and blueberry seedlings with nutrient solution; step three, planting oil tea in the planting ditch and planting blueberry on the ridge; and step four, watering and fertilizing in four stages. Through the layered base material configuration, seedling treatment technology upgrading, phased water and fertilizer management, and ecological complementary design, the method systematically solves the problems of soil conflict, extensive nutrient management, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests and the like in traditional single cultivation of oil tea and blueberry. The compound cultivation mode not only improves the yield and quality of the two, but also significantly improves the land resource utilization efficiency, has ecological and economic benefits, and provides an innovative scheme for efficient cultivation of economic forest fruits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and relates to a high-yield compound cultivation method of oil tea and blueberry. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important oil crop, the traditional cultivation technology of oil tea has the following defects: 1) The traditional cultivation of oil tea mostly adopts a single soil improvement method, such as simple application of an improvement agent to adjust pH, but lacks stratified substrate configuration, resulting in uneven root nutrient absorption, and improper application of soil improvement agents also easily causes soil compaction or nutrient loss, affecting the root development and fruit yield of oil tea. 2) In the traditional cultivation, oil tea is directly planted or only the root is simply washed, without supplement of key elements through nutrient solution, which easily causes the oil tea to be susceptible to environmental stresses such as soil pH fluctuation, drought and high temperature after planting, thereby physiological diseases occur. 3) The traditional cultivation mostly relies on one-time application of base fertilizer, lacking a phased topdressing strategy, which causes nutrient deficiency of oil tea in the middle and late growth periods, easily causing flower and fruit drop, and reducing the oil content of oil tea seeds. 4) The single planting of oil tea occupies more land resources, and lacks ecological complementarity, and depends on chemical pesticides for disease and pest control, easily causing environmental pollution.

[0003] As a high-value berry, the traditional planting method of blueberry has the following defects: 1) Blueberry is sensitive to acidic soil, and the existing technology has limited effect on adjusting soil pH, easily causing poor root development of blueberry and reducing yield. 2) Blueberry has a high demand for boron and zinc and the like, and the seedling is directly planted without treatment of nutrient agents, which easily causes the seedling to lack nutrients in the initial stage, has limited absorption capacity, and is difficult to quickly obtain key elements, thereby causing nutrient deficiency of blueberry in the fruit swelling period and sugar content reduction of fruits. 3) Blueberry has a high demand for water and trace elements, but the existing technology has improper irrigation amount and water and fertilizer ratio, thereby causing reduction of fruit quality. 4) In the single planting mode, blueberry is easily invaded by root rot and aphids and the like, and the existing technology mostly relies on chemical pesticides, destroys the balance of soil microorganisms, and easily produces drug resistance after long-term use.

[0004] The soil for cultivating oil tea is loose, moist, deep, fertile, well-ventilated and strong in water retention, and the soil type is sandy acidic red soil or red yellow soil, which is highly consistent with the climate and soil requirement for growing blueberry. The root system of oil tea will secrete organic acid, creating a favorable soil environment for acid-loving blueberry, and the small tree oil tea and the shrub type blueberry have complementarity in growth space, so the oil tea and the blueberry have good ecological symbiosis.

[0005] In combination with the above defects of blueberry and oil tea, it becomes an urgent problem to provide a compound cultivation method of oil tea and blueberry. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a high-yield compound cultivation method of oil tea and blueberry, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step one, plough the land, ploughing depth 40-60cm, accompanied by ploughing base fertilizer and acid matrix and mixed evenly with soil, after ploughing, ridging, ridge height 20-30cm, ridge width 1.2-1.5m, ridge spacing 1.2-1.5m, set up planting ditch between the ridge, ditch width 80-100cm, ditch depth 35-50cm, the thickness of 20-25cm of oil tea cultivation substrate one is applied in the bottom layer of the ditch, the thickness of 10-15cm of oil tea cultivation substrate two is applied in the middle layer of the ditch, the surface layer is covered with 5-10cm of original soil, then the whole field is sprayed with liquid fertilizer;

[0008] Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied at 400-500kg / acre. Most preferably, the base fertilizer is mature sheep manure, mature rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, the mass ratio is 5:3:1.

[0009] Preferably, the acid matrix is applied at 100-200kg / acre. Most preferably, the acid matrix includes humus soil, red soil, coconut husk, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate, the mass ratio is 10:15:8:1:1.

[0010] Preferably, the oil tea cultivation substrate one includes red soil, grass carbon, coconut husk, vermiculite and rice husk, the mass ratio is 10:5:4:3:4.

[0011] Preferably, the cultivation substrate two includes humus soil, biochar, mature sheep manure, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio is 10:3:8:3:2. Most preferably, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains P2O5 18%-20%.

[0012] Preferably, the organic matter content of the red soil is 1%-2%.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid fertilizer is used at 10-12L / acre. Most preferably, the liquid fertilizer includes potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water, the mass ratio is 1:2:1000. Most preferably, the potassium fulvate is mineral potassium fulvate.

[0014] Step two, before the oil tea seedling is planted, the root is soaked in 25-30℃ nutrient agent one for 2-3h, and then the surface moisture is dried after being taken out;

[0015] Before the blueberry seedling is planted, the root is soaked in 30-35℃ nutrient agent two for 2-3h, and then the surface moisture is dried after being taken out;

[0016] Preferably, the nutrient agent one includes 0.3g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2g / L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.1g / L of humic acid based on water.

[0017] Preferably, the nutrient agent comprises 0.4 g / L of ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 g / L of manganese sulfate, 0.08 g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.03 g / L of vitamin B based on water.

[0018] Step three, the camellia oleifera seedling is planted in the planting ditch, 50-60 plants per mu, the blueberry seedling is planted on the ridge, 200-300 plants per mu, and after planting is completed, the field is irrigated to the soil water content of 50-60%.

[0019] Step four, after 2-3 months of planting, 100-120 kg / mu of topdressing one is applied in the field, and 13-15 m 3 / mu of water is irrigated.

[0020] After 4-5 months of planting, foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves of camellia oleifera and blueberry, the application amount is 10-12 L / mu, and 12-13 m 3 / mu of water is irrigated.

[0021] After 6-7 months of planting, 120-130 kg / mu of topdressing two is applied in the field, and 18-20 m 3 / mu of water is irrigated.

[0022] After 8-10 months of planting, 100-120 kg / mu of topdressing three is applied in the field, and 20-22 m 3 / mu of water is irrigated.

[0023] Preferably, the topdressing one comprises rotten sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio is 90:10:5:3:1:0.1.

[0024] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in mass fraction.

[0025] Preferably, the topdressing two comprises rotten sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Zn, and the mass ratio is 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.1.

[0026] Preferably, the topdressing three comprises rotten rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea and superphosphate, and the mass ratio is 80:8:10:5.

[0027] Preferably, the organic matter in the above-mentioned rotten sheep manure and rotten rapeseed cake is greater than or equal to 45%.

[0028] The application has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) The application configures a special substrate for oil tea at the bottom layer of the planting ditch, adds a high-organic-matter substrate in the middle layer, and covers the original soil on the surface layer, so as to meet the deep rooting demand of the oil tea root system. When blueberries are planted on the ridge, the acid substrate precisely adjusts the soil pH, and the coconut husk is used to improve the air permeability, so as to realize the soil environment compatibility of the two crops and solve the problem of land resource occupation in the single planting of oil tea.

[0030] (2) The nutrient agent 1 is soaked in the root of the oil tea seedling, in which potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides phosphorus and potassium, promotes the meristem activity of the root system, magnesium sulfate supplements magnesium elements, enhances photosynthesis, EDTA-Fe prevents iron deficiency chlorosis, and humic acid improves the rhizosphere microenvironment and improves the nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0031] The nutrient agent 2 is soaked in the root of the blueberry seedling, in which sulfuric acid provides a source of available nitrogen, promotes new root germination, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Fe provide trace elements, vitamin B activates root metabolic enzyme activity, and shortens the seedling period.

[0032] Through soaking, the seedling root directly absorbs high-concentration nutrient solution, quickly establishes nutrient reserves, quickly recovers the absorption function after planting, and significantly shortens the seedling period.

[0033] (3) The base fertilizer of the application provides long-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the topdressing is carried out in multiple stages to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to meet the demand of the blueberry fruit expansion period, and the foliar fertilizer directly supplements the growth period nutrition to improve the yield and quality of the oil tea seed and the blueberry, and solves the problems of nutrient waste and insufficient nutrition in the later period caused by one-time fertilization.

[0034] (4) The difference in root system distribution between oil tea and blueberry (deep root of oil tea and shallow root of blueberry) reduces the nutrient competition, the organic acid secreted by the oil tea root system not only creates a favorable soil environment for the blueberry, but also inhibits the pathogenic bacteria, forms a natural disease-resistant barrier, reduces the use amount of chemical pesticides, and solves the technical problem of easy occurrence of diseases and pests in single planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] Step one, plough the land, ploughing depth 60 cm, accompanied by ploughing 450 kg / mu of base fertilizer and 150 kg / mu of acid matrix and mix evenly with soil, after ploughing, ridging, ridge height 25 cm, ridge width 1.5 m, ridge spacing 1.5 m, set up planting ditch between the ridge, ditch width 90 cm, ditch depth 50 cm, the bottom layer of the ditch is applied with thickness of 25 cm of camellia cultivation substrate one, the middle layer of the ditch is applied with thickness of 15 cm of camellia cultivation substrate two, the surface layer of the ditch is covered with thickness of 10 cm of original soil, then the whole field is sprayed with 10 L / mu of liquid fertilizer.

[0038] The base fertilizer is mature sheep manure, mature rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio is 5:3:1.

[0039] The acid matrix includes humus soil, red soil, coconut husk, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate, and the mass ratio is 10:15:8:1:1.

[0040] The camellia cultivation substrate one includes red soil, grass carbon, coconut husk, vermiculite and rice husk, and the mass ratio is 10:5:4:3:4. The cultivation substrate two includes humus soil, biochar, mature sheep manure, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio is 10:3:8:3:2. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains 18% of P2O5. The organic matter content of the red soil is 1%-2%.

[0041] The liquid fertilizer includes mineral potassium fulvic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water, and the mass ratio is 1:2:1000.

[0042] Step two, before the camellia seedling is planted, the root is soaked in 28℃ nutrient agent one for 2h, and then the surface moisture is dried after being taken out; before the blueberry seedling is planted, the root is soaked in 32℃ nutrient agent two for 2h, and then the surface moisture is dried after being taken out.

[0043] The nutrient agent one includes 0.3g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2g / L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.1g / L of humic acid based on water.

[0044] The nutrient agent two includes 0.4g / L of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01g / L of manganese sulfate, 0.08g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.03g / L of vitamin B based on water.

[0045] Step three, the camellia seedling is planted in the planting ditch, 55 plants per mu, and the blueberry seedling is planted on the ridge, 250 plants per mu, and then the field is irrigated to the soil water content of 55% after the planting is completed.

[0046] Step four, after 2-3 months of planting, 115 kg / mu of top dressing one is applied in the field, and 15 m 3 / mu of water is poured.

[0047] After 4-5 months of planting, foliar fertilization was performed on the leaves of Camellia oleifera and blueberries at a dosage of 12 L / acre, with 12 m 3 / acre of water.

[0048] After 6-7 months of planting, 120 kg / acre of fertilizer 2 was applied in the field, with 18 m 3 / acre of water.

[0049] After 8-10 months of planting, 100 kg / acre of fertilizer 3 was applied in the field, with 20 m 3 / acre of water.

[0050] The fertilizer 1 comprises mature sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax, and sodium molybdate, with a mass ratio of 90:10:5:3:1:0.1. The foliar fertilizer is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. The fertilizer 2 comprises mature sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate, and EDTA-Zn, with a mass ratio of 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.1. The fertilizer 3 comprises mature rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea, and superphosphate, with a mass ratio of 80:8:10:5.

[0051] The organic matter in the mature sheep manure and the mature rapeseed cake is ≥45%.

[0052] Step five, the disease and pest control methods of blueberries refer to the Blueberry Cultivation and Management Manual by Shichuan Jun-er and Xiaorenixi. The disease and pest control methods of Camellia oleifera refer to the Practical Cultivation Techniques for Camellia oleifera by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, the State-owned Forest Farm and Seedling Management Department, and the National Camellia Science and Management Center.

[0053] Test Example 1

[0054] A local terrace was selected, with a terrace height of 2 meters, a belt width of 1.5 meters, a slope of 16°, and an average division into several plots, with the same area for each plot, and two groups of treatments were set up.

[0055] Experimental group: Camellia oleifera and blueberries were compound cultivated in the manner of Example 1.

[0056] Control group: The plots were divided into blueberry areas and Camellia oleifera areas, and the blueberries and Camellia oleifera were completely cultivated separately, with the same planting amount as the experimental group. The cultivation method of blueberries completely referred to the Blueberry Cultivation and Management Manual, and the cultivation method of Camellia oleifera completely referred to the Practical Cultivation Techniques for Camellia oleifera.

[0057] Each group was repeated 3 times.

[0058] Data collection indicators, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Yield: Camellia oleifera seed yield per acre (kg / acre), and blueberry fresh fruit yield per acre (kg / acre).

[0060] Quality: oil content of oil-tea camellia seed (%), soluble solids of blueberry (sugar content, Brix), vitamin C content (mg / 100g).

[0061] Pesticide dosage: chemical pesticide usage in plant disease and insect pest control (kg / mu).

[0062] Table 1

[0063] Experimental group Control group Camellia seed yield (kg / mu) 320±15 210±15 Fresh blueberry yield (kg / mu) 1250±50 850±40 Camellia seed oil content (%) 28.5±0.8 22.1±1.2 Blueberry sugar content (Brix) 14.2±0.5 11.6±0.7 Blueberry vitamin C content (mg / 100g) 22.3±1.2 16.8±1.5 Chemical pesticide dosage (kg / mu) 1.2±0.3 3.8±0.5

[0064] As shown in Table 1, the yield of oil-tea camellia seed and blueberry in the experimental group was significantly improved compared with the control group, which indicated that the stratified substrate and the stage-by-stage topdressing effectively met the crop nutrient demand. The oil content of oil-tea camellia seed, the sugar content and the vitamin C content of blueberry in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with the control group, which indicated that the acid substrate and the coating technology could significantly improve the quality of oil-tea camellia seed and blueberry. The pesticide dosage in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared with the control group, which indicated that the organic acid secreted by the oil-tea camellia root inhibited the pathogenic bacteria, and the ecological complementarity reduced the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests.

[0065] The above description of disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to make or use the application. Numerous modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-yield compound cultivation method of camellia-oil and blueberry, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: Step one, plough the land, the ploughing depth, with ploughing into the base fertilizer and acid matrix and mixed evenly with soil, after ploughing, ridges, ridges between the planting ditch, ditch width 80-100cm, ditch depth 35-50cm, the bottom layer of the ditch into the thickness of 20-25cm of camellia oleifera cultivation matrix one, the middle layer of the ditch into the thickness of 10-15cm of camellia oleifera cultivation matrix two, the surface layer of the ditch cover thickness 5-10cm of the original soil, then the whole field spray liquid fertilizer; Step two, the camellia oleifera seedling before planting with nutrient agent one soak the root, take out after drying the surface moisture; Blueberry seedling before planting with nutrient agent two soak the root, take out after drying the surface moisture; Step three, the camellia oleifera seedling is planted in the planting ditch, 50-60 plants / mu, the blueberry seedling is planted on the ridge, 200-300 plants / mu, after planting, the field irrigation to the soil water content 50-60%; Step four, after 2-3 months, the field application of fertilizer one and irrigation; After 4-5 months of planting, the camellia oleifera and blueberry leaf surface spraying foliar fertilizer and irrigation; After 6-7 months of planting, the field application of fertilizer two and irrigation; After 8-10 months of planting, the field application of fertilizer three and irrigation; The camellia oleifera cultivation matrix one in step one comprises red soil, grass carbon, coconut bran, vermiculite and rice husk, and the mass ratio is 10:5:4:3:4; the cultivation matrix two comprises humus soil, biochar, rotten sheep manure, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio is 10:3:8:3:2; The nutrient agent one in step two comprises 0.3g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2g / L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.1g / L of humic acid, with water as a reference; the nutrient agent two comprises 0.4g / L of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01g / L of manganese sulfate, 0.08g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.03g / L of vitamin B, with water as a reference; The fertilizer one in step four comprises rotten sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and sodium molybdate, and the mass ratio is 90:10:5:3:1:0.1; the fertilizer two comprises rotten sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Zn, and the mass ratio is 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.1; the fertilizer three comprises rotten rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea and superphosphate, and the mass ratio is 80:8:10:

5.

2. The high-yield compound cultivation method of camellia-oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer in step one is applied at a dosage of 400-500kg / mu, and the base fertilizer is rotten sheep manure, rotten rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio is 5:3:

1.

3. The high-yield compound cultivation method of camellia oleifera-blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acid matrix in step one is applied at a dosage of 100-200kg / mu, and the acid matrix comprises humus soil, red soil, coconut bran, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate, and the mass ratio is 10:15:8:1:

1.

4. The high-yield compound cultivation method of camellia oleifera-blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer in step four is 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.