Method for comprehensively preventing apple sapling branches from being dried in spring

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for comprehensively preventing apple sapling branches from draining in spring, which comprises the following steps of: irrigating in a new shoot growing period in summer, and ensuring that the total irrigation amount is 19 cubic meters per mu to 21 cubic meters per mu; monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are topdressed once after irrigation; after the new tips of the apples grow out, trimming the new tips of the apple saplings; in a semi-dormancy period in autumn, a urea solution is sprayed to the apple saplings once, and the spraying amount each time is 28-32 kg / mu; binding 0.6-1m of the upper part of the tree body by using straw in a dormancy period in winter; the high-fat film solution is sprayed to apple saplings in the winter dormancy period and the early spring germination period, and the water spraying amount is 79-81 kg / mu. According to the method, the apple saplings are comprehensively treated, the anti-pumping ability of the branches of the apple saplings in the natural overwintering period can be remarkably improved, the survival rate of the branches of the apple saplings is greatly increased, and a new method is provided for preventing and controlling pumping of the branches of the apple saplings in the natural overwintering period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management, and in particular to a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spring dryness of young apple branches. Background Art

[0002] As a high-quality fruit, apples have played an important role in the fruit tree planting industry in recent years. Their bright color and sweet taste are highly sought after by consumers, bringing considerable economic benefits to fruit farmers.

[0003] However, the cultivation of young apple trees presents numerous challenges. Among them, the ability of branches to withstand dryness and survive the winter is particularly problematic. Low temperatures in winter often cause frost damage to the branches of young apple trees, impacting their growth and development. In severe cases, they can even cause their death, resulting in significant economic losses for fruit farmers.

[0004] The resistance of apple branches to dryness loss is closely related to their moisture content. Adequate moisture accumulation strengthens the branch's cellular structure, thereby improving its resistance to dryness loss. Although fruit farmers and researchers currently employ conventional measures to help young apple trees survive the winter, such as whitewashing the trunks, these methods have limited effectiveness in reducing and improving resistance to dryness loss, and some are costly and cumbersome.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a comprehensive prevention and control method that can improve the anti-drainage ability of apple branches and is easy to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spring dryness of apple sapling branches.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spring dryness of apple saplings comprises the following steps: Selection of apple orchard: Choose a trunk-shaped apple orchard with a row spacing of 1.2m×4m~1.5m×3.5m for planting young apple trees; Water control: Irrigate during the summer new shoot growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 19 cubic meters per mu to 21 cubic meters per mu; Topdressing: After irrigation, apply monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate once; the application rate of monoammonium phosphate is 0.75kg / mu to 0.85kg / mu; the application rate of potassium sulfate is 0.95kg / mu to 1.05kg / mu; Pinching: Prune the new shoots of apple trees after they grow out; Promote leaf drop: Spray urea solution on young apple trees once during the semi-dormant period in autumn, and then spray once every week for a total of three times. The spraying amount each time is 28kg / mu~32kg / mu; Physical control: Use straw to tie up the upper 0.6m~1m of the tree during the winter dormancy period; Chemical control: Spray young apple trees with a high-lipid film solution during the winter dormancy period and the early spring bud break period, with a spraying rate of 79kg / mu to 81kg / mu.

[0008] Preferably, the variety of the apple saplings is Yanfu 10.

[0009] Preferably, the sapling apple tree is 1 to 2 years old.

[0010] Preferably, the mass concentration of the urea solution is 4.5% to 5.5%.

[0011] Preferably, the lipid membrane solution is prepared from lipid membrane and water, and the ratio of lipid membrane to water is 1:800 to 1:1000.

[0012] Preferably, the urea solution is sprayed on the leaves.

[0013] Preferably, the high lipid film solution is sprayed on branches.

[0014] Preferably, the specific pruning method for pruning the new shoots of the apple saplings is to remove the upper branches at a position 5 to 7 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 15 cm to 20 cm, and to remove the buds below the pinching position.

[0015] Preferably, the topdressing is applied by hole application.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spring dryness of apple saplings, comprising the following steps: Selection of apple orchard: Choose a trunk-shaped apple orchard with a row spacing of 1.2m×4m~1.5m×3.5m for planting young apple trees; Water control: Irrigate during the summer growth period of new shoots, with a total irrigation volume of 19m3 / mu~21m3 / mu; Topdressing: Apply monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate once after irrigation; the application rate of monoammonium phosphate is 0.75kg / mu~0.85kg / mu; the application rate of potassium sulfate is 0.95kg / mu~1.05kg / mu; Topdressing: Wait until the topspinning is done. Prune new shoots of young apple trees as they emerge. To promote leaf drop, spray young apple trees with a urea solution once during their semi-dormant period in autumn, then spray once every week thereafter for a total of three applications, with a spray rate of 28-32 kg / mu per mu each time. Physical control: Straw the upper 0.6-1 m of the tree during winter dormancy. Chemical control: Spray young apple trees with a high-lipid membrane solution during winter dormancy and early spring bud break at a rate of 79-81 kg / mu. This study, using young 'Yanfu 10' apple trees as research subjects, has successfully developed a comprehensive method for preventing spring branch draining in young apple trees. Through precise manipulation, this method significantly increases the water content, soluble protein content, and lignin content of young apple branches, effectively improving their resistance to draining in early spring. This method not only reduces damage to young trees caused by branch draining, ensuring their healthy growth, but also lays a solid foundation for high-quality and high-yield apples, providing strong technical support for the sustainable development of the apple planting industry. It fills the gap in related fields in terms of technology for improving the resistance of apple sapling branches to draining, and greatly improves the technical system for cultivating apple saplings.

[0017] Furthermore, the method is simple and inexpensive to implement in practice, requiring no expensive equipment or specialized materials. This provides a practical and feasible technical solution for fruit farmers in cultivating young apple trees. This not only helps ensure the safe wintering of young trees, but also lays a solid foundation for the subsequent vigorous growth and high and stable yields of the fruit trees, providing a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the healthy development of the apple industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is the result diagram of measuring the moisture content of branches in the present invention; the same letters in the figure indicate no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. P <0.05.

[0020] Figure 2The soluble protein content results of the present invention are shown in FIG. 1 ; the same letters in the figure indicate no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. P <0.05.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the result diagram of proline content in the present invention; the same letters in the figure indicate no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. P <0.05.

[0022] Figure 4 This is the result diagram of lignin content of the present invention; the same letters in the figure indicate no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. P <0.05.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the branch draining rate result diagram of the present invention; the same letters in the figure indicate no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. P <0.05.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the branches of the control group and the integrated control treatment in February of the following year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below, along with preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are described below through specific examples.

[0028] Example 1 This study used 'Yanfu 10' apple saplings from Shahe Town, Alar Fifth Regiment, as test materials to propose a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling spring branch draining in apple saplings. The specific steps are as follows: Monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) was purchased from Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd.; potassium sulfate (K2O52%) was purchased from Yunnan Jinjiang Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd.; and high-lipid membrane was purchased from Weinan High-tech Zone Chukao Technology Co., Ltd.

[0029] 1. Comprehensive prevention and treatment: (1) Selection of apple orchard: Select a trunk-shaped apple orchard with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and flat land. The variety is 'Yanfu 10', which is two-year-old seedlings and high-quality virus-free seedlings with self-rooted rootstocks; the row spacing is 1.2m×4m.

[0030] (2) Water control: During the summer new shoot growth period, irrigation began on July 29th with a water volume of 19 cubic meters per mu, and was stopped on August 1st through the water meter controller.

[0031] (3) Topdressing: After irrigation, apply one topdressing of monoammonium phosphate and one of potassium sulfate on August 1. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) is 0.8 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate (K2O52%) is 1 kg / mu.

[0032] (4) Pinching: When new shoots of apple trees grow out, prune the new shoots of young apple trees on August 1 and August 15. The specific pruning method is to remove the upper branches 5 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 15 cm, and promptly remove the buds below the pinching position, and apply wound healing agent.

[0033] (5) Promote leaf drop: During the semi-dormant period in autumn, spray the leaves of young apple trees with a 5% urea solution on October 15, and then spray once every week for a total of three times, with each spraying amount being 30 kg / mu.

[0034] (6) Physical control: During the winter dormancy period, on December 15, straw should be used to tie up the entire tree from the upper 0.8 meters.

[0035] (7) Chemical control: During the winter dormancy period, spray a lipid film solution on the branches of young apple trees on December 15 and the end of February of the following year to form a protective film. The ratio of lipid film to water in the lipid film solution is 1:800, and the spraying amount is 79 kg / mu.

[0036] Example 2 This study used 'Yanfu 10' apple saplings from Shahe Town, Alaer Fifth Regiment, as test materials to propose a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling spring branch draining in apple saplings. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Comprehensive prevention and treatment: (1) Selection of apple orchard: Select a trunk-shaped apple orchard with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and flat land. The variety is 'Yanfu 10', two-year-old seedlings, high-quality virus-free seedlings with self-rooted rootstocks; the row spacing is 1.3m×3.7m.

[0037] (2) Water control: During the summer new shoot growth period, irrigation began on July 23rd with a water volume of 20 cubic meters per mu, and was stopped on July 25th through the water meter controller.

[0038] (3) Top dressing: After irrigation, apply monoammonium phosphate once and potassium sulfate once on July 25. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) is 0.75 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate (K2O52%) is 0.95 kg / mu.

[0039] (4) Pinching: When new shoots of apple trees grow out, prune the new shoots of young apple trees on July 25 and August 10. The specific pruning method is to remove the upper branches 6 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 17 cm, and promptly remove the buds below the pinching position, and apply wound healing agent.

[0040] (5) Promote leaf drop: During the semi-dormant period in autumn, spray the leaves of young apple trees with a urea solution with a mass concentration of 4.5% on October 10, and then spray once every week for a total of three times, with each spraying amount of 28 kg / mu.

[0041] (6) Physical control: During the winter dormancy period, on December 10, straw should be used to tie up the entire tree from the upper 0.6 meters.

[0042] (7) Chemical control: During the winter dormancy period, spray a lipid film solution on the branches of young apple trees on December 10 and the end of February of the following year to form a protective film. The ratio of lipid film to water in the lipid film solution is 1:900, and the spraying amount is 80 kg / mu.

[0043] Example 3 This study used 'Yanfu 10' apple saplings from Shahe Town, Alar Fifth Regiment, as test materials to propose a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling spring branch draining in apple saplings. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Comprehensive prevention and treatment: (1) Selection of apple orchard: Select a trunk-shaped apple orchard with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and flat land. The variety is 'Yanfu 10', the tree age is one-year-old, and the tree is high-quality virus-free seedling with self-rooted rootstock; the row spacing is 1.5m × 3.5m.

[0044] (2) Water control: During the summer new shoot growth period, irrigation began on July 28th with a water volume of 21 cubic meters per mu. Irrigation was stopped on July 30th through the water meter controller.

[0045] (3) Topdressing: After irrigation, apply one topdressing of monoammonium phosphate and one of potassium sulfate on July 30. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) is 0.85 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate (K2O52%) is 1.05 kg / mu.

[0046] (4) Pinching: When new shoots of apple trees grow out, prune the new shoots of young apple trees on July 30 and August 13. The specific pruning method is to remove the upper branches at the position of 7 leaves from the base when the branch length is 20 cm, and promptly remove the buds below the pinching position, and apply wound healing agent.

[0047] (5) Promote leaf drop: During the semi-dormant period in autumn, spray the leaves of young apple trees with a urea solution with a mass concentration of 5.5% on October 13, and then spray once every week for a total of three times, with each spraying amount being 30 kg / mu.

[0048] (6) Physical control: During the winter dormancy period, on December 13, straw should be used to tie up the entire tree from the top 1 meter.

[0049] (7) Chemical control: During the winter dormancy period, spray a lipid film solution on the branches of young apple trees on December 13 and the end of February of the following year to form a protective film. The ratio of lipid film to water in the lipid film solution is 1:1000, and the spraying amount is 81 kg / mu.

[0050] Example 4 This study used 'Yanfu 10' apple saplings from Shahe Town, Alar Fifth Regiment, as test materials to propose a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling spring branch draining in apple saplings. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Comprehensive prevention and treatment: (1) Selection of apple orchard: Select a trunk-shaped apple orchard with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and flat land. The variety is 'Yanfu 10', which is two-year-old seedlings and high-quality virus-free seedlings with self-rooted rootstocks; the row spacing is 1.2m×4m.

[0051] (2) Water control: During the summer new shoot growth period, irrigation began on August 1st with a water volume of 19 cubic meters per mu, and stopped on August 3rd through the water meter controller.

[0052] (3) Topdressing: After irrigation, apply one topdressing of monoammonium phosphate and one of potassium sulfate on August 3. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) is 0.8 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate (K2O52%) is 1 kg / mu.

[0053] (4) Pinching: When new shoots of apple trees grow out, prune the new shoots of young apple trees on August 3 and August 17. The specific pruning method is to remove the upper branches 5 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 15 cm, and promptly remove the buds below the pinching position, and apply wound healing agent.

[0054] (5) Promote leaf drop: During the semi-dormant period in autumn, spray the leaves of young apple trees with a 5% urea solution on October 17, and then spray once every week for a total of three times, with each spraying amount being 30 kg / mu.

[0055] (6) Physical control: During the winter dormancy period, on December 17, straw should be used to tie up the entire tree from the upper 0.8 meters.

[0056] (7) Chemical control: During the winter dormancy period, spray a lipid film solution on the branches of young apple trees on December 17 and the end of February of the following year to form a protective film. The ratio of lipid film to water in the lipid film solution is 1:800, and the spraying amount is 79 kg / mu.

[0057] Example 5 This study used 'Yanfu 10' apple saplings from Shahe Town, Alaer Fifth Regiment, as test materials to propose a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling spring branch draining in apple saplings. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Comprehensive prevention and treatment: (1) Selection of apple orchard: Select a trunk-shaped apple orchard with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and flat land. The variety is 'Yanfu 10', the tree age is one-year-old, and the tree is high-quality virus-free seedling with self-rooted rootstock; the row spacing is 1.2m×4m.

[0058] (2) Water control: During the summer new shoot growth period, irrigation began on August 3rd with a water volume of 19 cubic meters per mu, and stopped on August 5th through the water meter controller.

[0059] (3) Topdressing: After irrigation, apply one topdressing of monoammonium phosphate and one of potassium sulfate on August 5. The application rate of monoammonium phosphate (12-60-0) is 0.8 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate (K2O52%) is 1 kg / mu.

[0060] (4) Pinching: When new shoots of apple trees grow out, prune the new shoots of young apple trees on August 5 and August 20. The specific pruning method is to remove the upper branches 6 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 17 cm, and promptly remove the buds below the pinching position, and apply wound healing agent.

[0061] (5) Promote leaf drop: During the semi-dormant period in autumn, spray the leaves of young apple trees with a 5% urea solution on October 20, and then spray once every week for a total of three times, with each spraying amount being 30 kg / mu.

[0062] (6) Physical control: During the winter dormancy period, on December 20, straw should be used to tie up the entire tree from the upper 0.8 meters.

[0063] (7) Chemical control: During the winter dormancy period, spray a lipid film solution on the branches of young apple trees on December 20 and the end of February of the following year to form a protective film. The ratio of lipid film to water in the lipid film solution is 1:800, and the spraying amount is 79 kg / mu.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 A trunk-shaped apple orchard of the same variety, age, and rows as in Example 1 was selected, and the orchard environmental conditions were maintained consistent with those in Example 1. Irrigation followed the local standard frequency and water volume; fertilization followed conventional standards, with no specific ratio of monoammonium phosphate or potassium sulfate applied; no topping during the growing season, with new shoots allowed to grow naturally; no urea solution was sprayed to induce leaf drop throughout the year; no physical protective measures such as tying straw to the trunks or spraying with a high-lipid film solution were adopted; and all other management procedures (such as pest and disease control, intertillage, and weeding) were carried out according to local apple orchard standard management procedures.

[0065] Experimental Example 1: Changes in branch moisture content, soluble protein content, proline content, and lignin content Taking Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as examples, within 2 months after treatment, randomly selected branches from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used to measure the dry matter content of the branches using the drying and weighing method. The branch measurement data were collated and analyzed, and the results were as follows: Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it was found that the moisture content, soluble protein content, proline content, and lignin content of the branches of Example 1 were significantly improved compared to those of Comparative Example 1. And they were significantly higher than Comparative Example 1. This shows that the integrated prevention and control method can effectively enhance the anti-drainage ability of young apple branches.

[0066] Experimental Example 2: Investigation of branch draining rate in the following year The following year's branch draining rate survey: The draining rate of apple saplings in the plot was investigated, and the draining rate was calculated using the formula: draining rate (%) = (length of drained branches / total length of branches) × 100%. It was found that the draining rate of the branches treated with the integrated control method, that is, the branches in Example 1, was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1. Figure 5 and 6 This indicates that the integrated control method can effectively reduce the occurrence of branch draining in apple saplings.

[0067] Similarly, the changes in the moisture content, soluble protein content, proline content, and lignin content of the branches of Examples 2 to 5, as well as the branch draining rate in the following year, were tested. The results showed that the moisture content, soluble protein content, proline content, and lignin content of the branches of Examples 2 to 5 were also significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1; the branch draining rate in the following year was also significantly lower than that of the Comparative Example.

[0068] The above results prove that the method for comprehensively preventing and controlling spring draining of apple sapling branches of the present invention can effectively increase the moisture content and soluble protein content of apple sapling branches, so as to improve the draining resistance of the branches.

[0069] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0070] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. A person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for comprehensive prevention and control of spring draining of apple saplings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Selection of apple orchard: Choose a trunk-shaped apple orchard with a row spacing of 1.2m×4m~1.5m×3.5m for planting young apple trees; Water control: Irrigate during the summer new shoot growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 19 cubic meters per mu to 21 cubic meters per mu; Topdressing: After irrigation, apply monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate once; the application rate of monoammonium phosphate is 0.75kg / mu to 0.85kg / mu; the application rate of potassium sulfate is 0.95kg / mu to 1.05kg / mu; Pinching: Prune the new shoots of apple trees after they grow out; Promote leaf drop: Spray urea solution on young apple trees once during the semi-dormant period in autumn, and then spray once every week for a total of three times. The spraying amount each time is 28kg / mu~32kg / mu; Physical control: Use straw to tie up the upper 0.6m~1m of the tree during the winter dormancy period; Chemical control: Spray young apple trees with a high-lipid film solution during the winter dormancy period and the early spring bud break period, with a spraying rate of 79kg / mu to 81kg / mu.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The variety of the apple sapling is Yanfu 10.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The age of the apple saplings is 1 to 2 years.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The mass concentration of the urea solution is 4.5% to 5.5%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The high lipid membrane solution is prepared from high lipid membrane and water, and the ratio of high lipid membrane to water is 1:800-1:1000.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The urea solution is sprayed on leaves.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The high lipid film solution is sprayed on branches.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific pruning method for pruning the new shoots of the apple saplings is to remove the upper branches at the position 5 to 7 leaves away from the base when the branch length is 15 cm to 20 cm, and to remove the buds below the pinching position.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of applying the topdressing is hole application.

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