Physical regulation-based unilateral bud removal control experiment method for Japanese evening primrose

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of landscape plant physiological regulation and control, and provides a Japanese evening primrose single-side bud removal control experiment method based on physical regulation and control, which comprises the following steps: selecting Japanese evening primrose plants which grow vigorously and are free from diseases in a bud period, and randomly dividing the Japanese evening primrose plants into an experiment group and a control group; performing physical single-side leaf bud manual removal treatment on the plants in the experimental group, retaining the other side as a self-control group, and keeping the plants in the control group in a natural growth state; the method comprises the following steps: respectively collecting flower organ samples of an experimental group treatment side, an experimental group natural side and a control group in an initial blooming period, a blooming period and a littering period of Japanese evening primrose; measuring the flowering time, the RHS flower color value, the petal surface area, the pedicel length and the fresh flower dry weight index of the three groups of samples; according to the method, the ornamental period of the evening primrose is remarkably prolonged through physical bud removal treatment, the petal color is deepened, the petal surface area is increased, the flower visual effect is improved, the landscape layering sense is enhanced, and a scientific method is provided for management and application of ornamental tree species.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of physiological regulation of garden plants, and in particular to a controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of garden ornamental plant regulation, Japanese late cherry, as an important ornamental tree species, has always been a research hotspot in the regulation of its flowering period and flower organ quality.

[0003] However, existing technologies have significant limitations in research on Japanese late cherry blossoms: foreign research has mainly focused on its genetic diversity analysis and urban greening ecological service functions, while domestic research has mostly focused on bud differentiation, fruit development, or pest and disease control. There is a serious lack of systematic research on floral organs (such as flowering period, flower color, and flower shape). For example, existing research on bud removal technology mostly focuses on fruits (such as grapes and strawberries). Although it has been proven that bud removal can improve fruit sugar accumulation and quality, the mechanism of this technology's impact on floral organs has not yet been revealed, and there is a particular lack of specific regulatory methods for extending the flowering period of Japanese late cherry blossoms.

[0004] Traditional techniques for promoting flowering often rely on fertilization or hormone treatments, which have significant drawbacks. For one thing, the use of chemical agents can easily lead to ecological problems such as soil contamination and microbial imbalance, making them incompatible with the construction requirements of modern ecological gardens. Furthermore, the high cost of purchasing and applying these agents, coupled with the need for specialized technicians, makes their widespread application in large-scale landscaping projects difficult. Furthermore, existing research on regulating plant growth often relies on whole-plant treatment or bilateral bud removal, lacking precise single-sided control experimental designs. This makes it difficult to accurately assess the specific effects of bud removal on floral organs and fails to provide a scientific basis for the refined management of ornamental tree species.

[0005] To this end, technicians in this field have proposed a unilateral bud removal control experimental method for Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation, aiming to conduct simple, rapid and environmentally friendly cultivation regulation of Japanese late cherry blossoms through the physical method of leaf bud removal, so as to extend its flowering period and improve its ornamental quality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0007] The controlled experimental method of unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical control includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Select vigorous and disease-free Japanese late cherry plants at the bud stage and randomly divide them into experimental and control groups;

[0009] S2. The experimental group plants were subjected to physical treatment by manually removing the leaf buds on one side, retaining the other side as a self-control, and the control group plants were kept in a natural growth state;

[0010] S3. Collect floral organ samples from the treated side of the experimental group, the natural side of the experimental group, and the control group at the initial blooming stage, full blooming stage, and withering stage of the Japanese late cherry blossoms;

[0011] S4. Measure the flowering duration, RHS flower color value, petal surface area, pedicel length, and flower dry weight of the three groups of samples.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the manual removal of leaf buds is performed when the flower buds and leaf buds can just be distinguished.

[0013] Preferably, the petal color is measured using RHS color card colorimetric recording.

[0014] Preferably, the petal surface area is measured using ImageJ software.

[0015] Preferably, the pedicel length is measured using a ruler or other tool.

[0016] Preferably, the fresh weight of the floral organs is measured by weighing on an electronic balance, and the dry weight is measured by drying the floral organs at 70° C. to a constant weight and then weighing them on an electronic balance.

[0017] Preferably, after the measurement data are sorted using Excel software, descriptive analysis, variance homogeneity test and single-factor significant difference analysis are performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, and charts are produced using Origin software.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention reduces nutrient competition between leaves and flowers through bud removal, delays the withering of cherry blossoms, and prolongs the viewing period. The flowering period of the experimental group is significantly longer than that of the control group. In addition, the color of the petals deepens to pink, the surface area increases, the visual effect of the flowers is brighter and fuller, and the sense of layering of the landscape is enhanced. After the bud removal treatment, the flowers grow more vigorously. Although there is no significant difference in the length of the pedicels, the overall ornamental quality is improved.

[0020] 2. The present invention removes leaf buds by physical means, without the need for fertilization or hormone treatment, thus avoiding the pollution of the ecological environment by chemical substances and meeting the needs of ecological garden construction. In addition, the cost of bud removal is much lower than traditional flower promotion methods, and the operation is simple, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1This is a flow chart of the controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the leaf bud removal process in an experimental example of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is the anatomical diagram of cherry blossoms in the experimental example of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the effects of bud removal on the length of evening cherry blossom stalks in the experimental examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] As attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0027] Example: The present invention provides a controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Select vigorous and disease-free Japanese late cherry plants at the bud stage and randomly divide them into experimental and control groups. Screen plants with consistent growth status to eliminate the interference of factors such as diseases and weak plants on the experimental results and ensure the homogeneity of the samples. The bud stage is the critical stage for the differentiation of leaf buds and flower buds. At this time, the treatment can accurately regulate the direction of nutrient distribution. Random grouping is followed by statistical principles to reduce human selection bias and ensure the comparability of the experimental and control groups.

[0029] S2. The experimental group plants were subjected to physical manual removal of unilateral leaf buds, and the other side was retained as a self-control. The control group plants were kept in a natural growth state. Among them, the manual removal of leaf buds was carried out just when the flower buds and leaf buds could be distinguished. Physical manual removal of leaf buds avoided chemical pollution, which met environmental protection requirements. Unilateral treatment can reduce damage to the overall growth of the plant and maintain basic physiological functions. In addition, the two sides of the same plant (the treated side and the natural side) formed an internal control, eliminating differences in genetic background, growth microenvironment, etc. between different plants, making variable control more accurate. Naturally grown plants were used as external controls to further verify the specific effects of unilateral bud removal.

[0030] S3. Collect floral organ samples from the treated side of the experimental group, the natural side of the experimental group, and the control group during the initial blooming, full blooming, and withering stages of the Japanese late cherry blossoms. By covering the entire flowering period for collection, the effect of bud removal on the development process of floral organs can be dynamically tracked. At the same time, samples from the treated side, natural side, and control group are collected to form a dual verification system of internal control within the group + external control between groups to ensure the comprehensiveness of the data, thereby obtaining a complete data chain of floral organs at different growth stages.

[0031] S4. Measure the duration of flowering, RHS flower color value, petal surface area, pedicel length, and flower dry weight of the three groups of samples. Flowering duration directly reflects the effect of extending the viewing period; RHS flower color value objectively records color changes; petal surface area and pedicel length quantify changes in flower shape and verify the effect of flower enlargement; and flower dry weight reflects the accumulation of substances in the floral organs, indirectly indicating differences in nutrient distribution.

[0032] Experimental example:

[0033] Japanese late cherry trees were debudded during the bud stage. Six vigorous, disease-free cherry trees were randomly divided into three groups, numbered "1, 2, and 3." One tree from each group was randomly selected as the experimental group. Without disrupting growth and development, one side of the tree was debudded, while the other side was left natural. The debudded and unbudded sides were marked and labeled "YH1, YH2, and YH3." The remaining three trees remained untreated and served as the control group, labeled "CK1, CK2, and CK3," forming a controlled experiment.

[0034] The treatment groups and methods are shown in Table 1 below:

[0035] Table 1 Grouping and treatment of Japanese late cherry blossoms

[0036]

[0037] Processed pictures as attached Figure 2 The leaf bud removal process was performed when flower buds and leaf buds could just be distinguished, and the experiment was repeated three times.

[0038] The structure of cherry blossoms Figure 3 As shown in the study, the corollas and peduncles of cherry blossoms were studied. Appropriate amounts of petals and peduncles were collected from experimental and control groups of trees during the initial bloom, peak bloom, and withering periods of Japanese cherry blossoms. These petals and peduncles were then stored in paper bags and labeled.

[0039] The picked petals were arranged in groups, with the petals of YH1 and CK1 arranged in order from top to bottom. The same operation was performed on the other two groups. The difference in petal color between the bud removal group and the CK group was measured using the RHS color chart. The flower area was measured using ImageJ-win64 software. The statistics of the surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms are shown in Table 2. The variance analysis of the effect of leaf bud removal on the surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms is shown in Table 3.

[0040] Table 2 Statistics of the surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms

[0041]

[0042] YH2 was larger than CK2, YH3 was larger than CK3, and there was no significant difference in the effect of leaf bud removal on the size of Japanese late cherry blossoms.

[0043] Table 3 Analysis of variance on the effect of leaf bud removal on the surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Measurements show that the surface area of the cherry blossoms in YH1 during the early blooming period of late cherry blossoms in Japan is 57.423 cm 2 The surface area of CK1 is 48.631 cm 2 , the surface area of YH2 is 60.026 cm 2 The surface area of CK2 is 51.681 cm 2 , the surface area of YH3 is 353.641 cm 2 The surface area of CK3 is 219.821 cm 2 The surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms at the initial bloom stage was larger in YH1 than in CK1, larger in YH2 than in CK2, and larger in YH3 than in CK3. Furthermore, the removal of leaf buds had no significant effect on the size of Japanese late cherry blossoms. The surface area of YH1 at full bloom was 188.067 cm 2 The surface area of CK1 is 108.843 cm 2 , the surface area of the cherry blossoms of YH2 is 28.778cm 2 , the surface area of CK2 is 25.119 cm 2 , the surface area of YH3 is 29.715cm 2 The surface area of CK3 is 26.091 cm 2 The surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms during the blooming period was larger in YH1 than in CK1, larger in YH2 than in CK2, and larger in YH3 than in CK3. Leaf bud removal had no significant effect on the size of Japanese late cherry blossoms. The surface area of YH1 cherry blossoms during the withering period was 26.412 cm 2 , the surface area of CK1 is 22.332 cm2 , the surface area of YH2 is 121.604 cm 2 CK2's cherry blossom surface area is 80.414 cm 2 , the surface area of YH3 is 119.643 cm 2 The surface area of CK3 is 78.542 cm 2 The surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms YH1 is larger than that of CK1.

[0047] Arrange the pedicels neatly, with 3-4 short stalks forming a cluster. Use a ruler or other tool to measure the length of each pedicel and keep a record. The variance analysis of the effect of leaf bud removal on the length of evening cherry pedicels is shown in Table 4. The effect of bud removal on the length of evening cherry pedicels is compared in Tables 5 and Figure 4 As shown:

[0048] Table 4 Analysis of variance on the effect of leaf bud removal on the stem length of Japanese late cherry

[0049]

[0050] “*” indicates a significant difference at p < 0.05, and “**” indicates a significant difference at p < 0.01.

[0051] Table 5 Comparison of the effect of leaf bud removal on the stem length of Japanese late cherry blossoms Unit: cm

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] The experimental results show that leaf bud removal significantly affects the pedicel length of Japanese evening cherry trees, with a significant difference at the p < 0.01 level. The average pedicel length of the untreated control group was 3.47 ± 0.08 cm, while the average pedicel length of the bud-removed experimental group was 3.01 ± 0.07 cm. The pedicel length of the control group was significantly longer than that of the experimental group.

[0055] The total weight of each group of petals and pedicels was weighed using an electronic balance to obtain the fresh weight. The weight was then recorded and dried in an oven at 70°C until a constant weight was reached. The weight was then re-weighed to obtain the dry weight, which was also recorded. The variance analysis for the effect of bud removal on the dry and fresh weights of the late cherry blossoms is shown in Table 6. The differences in flower and pedicel weight and moisture content between bud removal and non-bud removal treatments are shown in Table 7. Leaf bud removal also had no significant effect on flower and pedicel moisture content (p>0.05), as shown in Table 8.

[0056] Table 6 Analysis of variance of the effect of leaf bud removal on the weight of late cherry blossoms

[0057]

[0058] Table 7 Differences in weight and moisture content of flowers and stems between bud removal and non-bud removal Unit: g

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Table 8 Variance analysis of the effect of leaf bud removal on moisture content

[0062]

[0063] From the experimental results, it can be seen that the significance of bud removal on the fresh weight and dry weight of evening cherry stalks and flowers were 0.423, 0.354, 0.576 and 0.485, respectively, and no significant differences were shown (p>0.05). Therefore, bud removal had no significant effect on the fresh weight and dry weight.

[0064] The experimental results showed that, under the same growth conditions, compared with plants without leaf bud removal, cherry blossoms with leaf bud removal had a darker pink color, better growth, and a longer flowering period. Bud removal increased the petal surface area of Japanese late cherry blossoms, indicating that flower size was somewhat increased. Bud removal had no significant effect on pedicel length; pedicels of leaves removed from the leaves were shorter than those of the untreated control group. Leaf bud removal did not significantly affect either the dry weight or fresh weight of Japanese late cherry blossoms. Therefore, appropriate leaf bud removal has a positive impact on the growth and development of Japanese late cherry blossoms, which has certain guiding significance for increasing the ornamental value and extending the viewing time of the cherry blossoms.

[0065] Application example: Based on the research results of the experimental example, the manual removal of leaf buds of Japanese late cherry blossoms was applied to garden landscape.

[0066] First of all, the bud removal process is used to affect the flower color, making the flower colors diverse and the flower volume increased, which can create a layered viewing effect and enhance the visual impact of the cherry blossom avenue.

[0067] Secondly, the effect of bud removal on the flowering period is utilized. After bud removal, the competition for nutrients between leaves and flowers is reduced, and more nutrients are supplied to the flowers, which delays the falling of cherry blossoms and prolongs the flowering period. The extension of the viewing period can promote the economic benefits of local attractions.

[0068] Furthermore, compared to traditional flower-promoting methods like fertilization and hormone treatment, debudding significantly reduces costs and minimizes the harm chemical substances cause to the ecological environment, thus meeting the requirements of ecological gardening. In practice, appropriate defoliation strategies should be selected based on specific circumstances, combined with other measures to prolong the flowering period, to achieve optimal viewing results.

[0069] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will, for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0070] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select vigorous and disease-free Japanese late cherry plants at the bud stage and randomly divide them into experimental and control groups; S2. The experimental group plants were subjected to physical treatment by manually removing the leaf buds on one side, retaining the other side as a self-control, and the control group plants were kept in a natural growth state; S3. Collect floral organ samples from the treated side of the experimental group, the natural side of the experimental group, and the control group at the initial blooming stage, full blooming stage, and withering stage of the Japanese late cherry blossoms; S4. Measure the flowering duration, RHS flower color value, petal surface area, pedicel length, and flower dry weight of the three groups of samples.

2. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the leaf buds are manually removed when the flower buds and leaf buds can just be distinguished.

3. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The petal color is measured using the RHS color chart colorimetric recording method.

4. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The petal surface area was measured using ImageJ software.

5. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peduncle length is measured using a ruler or other tool.

6. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh weight of the flower organs is measured by weighing on an electronic balance, and the dry weight is measured by drying the flower organs at 70° C. to a constant weight and then weighing them on an electronic balance.

7. The controlled experimental method for unilateral bud removal of Japanese late cherry blossoms based on physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement data were sorted using Excel software, and descriptive analysis, variance homogeneity test, and univariate significant difference analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, and charts were created using Origin software.

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