A method for overcoming the planting obstacle of drought and barren mountainous area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tree transplanting, digging, felling or pruning, planting, and discloses a seedling planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacles in drought and barren mountainous areas, wherein, with the aid of a one-way water permeable film and a capillary break layer, a semi-isolated chamber suitable for seedling growth is created in the soil, and a water storage substrate is filled in the semi-isolated chamber, so that the water added or infiltrated into the semi-isolated chamber is stored for seedling growth, instead of being lost in the form of evaporation or seepage, thereby avoiding the stress of water deficiency on the seedlings. Meanwhile, the water storage substrate contains a large amount of long-acting organic matter, which not only has the effects of loosening soil and storing water, but also can provide a carbon source for the added nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria for a long time, so that the bacterial agent can provide nutrients for the seedlings for a longer period, thereby avoiding the stress of nutrient deficiency on the seedlings. The above points are combined to solve the problems of planting obstacles and low survival rate in afforestation in drought and barren mountainous areas, and significantly improve the transplanting survival rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tree transplanting, digging, felling or pruning, and in particular to a seedling planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacles in drought and barren mountainous areas. BACKGROUND

[0002] Drought and barren mountainous areas are mountainous areas with annual precipitation less than 400 mm and thin and poor soil layers, which are widely distributed in the Loess Plateau region of Northwest China and the soil and rock mountainous areas of North China. From the perspective of light, heat, water and other climate conditions, the climax community formed by long-term natural succession in drought and barren mountainous areas is sparse shrub or small tree forest, but the drought and barren mountainous areas are poor in soil and difficult to store water, which limits the formation of plant communities matching the local climate conditions through natural succession. And due to the serious water and soil loss caused by lack of vegetation in drought and barren mountainous areas, the ecological environment has a further deterioration trend. If technical means are used for artificial intervention to make the vegetation restoration process of these drought and barren mountainous areas skip the long natural succession process and form artificial vegetation composed of shrubs / small trees matching the local climate conditions, the vegetation succession process can be accelerated, not only the vegetation landscape can be reconstructed to prevent and control water and soil loss, but also the soil conditions can be gradually improved, the land productivity can be improved, and the formation of positive plant community succession can be promoted. Therefore, the ecological value of artificial afforestation and vegetation restoration in drought and barren mountainous areas is great.

[0003] In drought and barren mountainous areas, there are relatively few means that can be used for seedling planting and afforestation. It cannot be like in humid areas to close the mountain for afforestation or fly seeding (because of the lack of water conservation and soil fertilization measures, afforestation has little effect), nor can it be like in plain areas to directly transplant large seedlings (transportation conditions and soil layer thickness do not allow). The seedlings suitable for afforestation in drought and barren mountainous areas generally use small seedlings (usually with a height of not more than 1 meter), which are still in the most sensitive development stage to environmental stress (especially water stress) and are in the ecological fragile period. During the transplanting process, the growth environment suddenly changes from the nursery environment to the drought and barren environment, which has serious planting obstacles, low survival rate, and often appears the embarrassing situation of "afforestation every year but no forest".

[0004] In the prior art, water-retaining agents are often used to improve the survival rate of afforestation in arid regions. This method has relatively good effect for regions with certain precipitation, but for arid and barren mountainous areas, water-retaining agents can have negative effects, which offset their soil conservation effects. Water-retaining agents are a kind of strong water-absorbing materials. After a sufficient amount of water-retaining agents is mixed into the soil, the water-retaining agents can adsorb the water irrigated or effectively absorb water from the surrounding soil environment to maintain the soil moisture. However, since the seedlings planted in arid and barren mountainous areas are small seedlings in a fragile period, the seedlings have weak water-absorbing capacity and are difficult to absorb water from the water-retaining agents with strong water-absorbing capacity. Even the water in the seedlings is absorbed by the water-retaining agents, resulting in the death of the seedlings and the failure of afforestation. In addition, water-retaining agents cannot provide nutrients for seedlings. The soil in arid and barren mountainous areas is already very poor, and the soil mixed with water-retaining agents cannot solve the serious nutrient stress suffered by the seedlings. Even if the seedlings survive, they cannot grow normally due to lack of nutrients and will eventually die. This problem cannot be solved by topdressing, because arid and barren mountainous areas are often high and steep, and transportation is not convenient. Moreover, the soil structure in arid and barren mountainous areas is poor, and the soil is prone to water runoff and nutrient loss, so the effect of water and fertilizer conservation is very poor. Even if fertilization is possible, it will be lost and wasted due to surface runoff. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a seedling planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacles in arid and barren mountainous areas.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved is that small seedlings with a height of less than 1 meter are used for afforestation in arid and barren mountainous areas. Since the small seedlings are in the most sensitive development stage to environmental stress, and there is serious water stress and nutrient stress in arid and barren mountainous areas, there are serious planting obstacles.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a seedling planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacles in arid and barren mountainous areas, by creating a semi-isolated microenvironment that evolves over time, the environment where the root system of the seedling gradually transitions from a nursery-like environment to a local environment at the afforestation site. The seedling completes survival and growth in the process of gradually adapting to the environment;

[0008] The transplanting process of the seedling includes the following steps:

[0009] Step one: wrap the root system of the seedling in a seedling planting bag and fill the seedling planting bag with water storage substrate;

[0010] The seedling planting bag is made of a degradable one-way water permeable film, and the water permeable direction of the one-way water permeable film is from the outside of the bag to the inside of the bag;

[0011] The water storage substrate is lignified plant stem powder mixed with soil at the afforestation site, and the water storage substrate is also mixed with rotten organic fertilizer for providing nutrients for the seedling in the short term and with microbial agents for providing nutrients for the seedling in the long term;

[0012] The water storage matrix satisfies the following conditions: not to be hardened and to prevent water from flowing along the capillary in the soil;

[0013] Step two: put the planting bag filled with the water storage matrix and the planted seedling into the planting hole, and fill the gap between the planting bag and the surrounding of the planting hole with the water storage matrix, so as to form a capillary breaking layer for preventing the water stored in the planting bag from flowing along the capillary in the soil, and the capillary breaking layer and the one-way water permeable film jointly enclose a semi-isolated chamber for storing water;

[0014] Step three: water the planting bag until the water content of the water storage matrix in the planting bag reaches 75-80% of the saturated water content, and then tighten the bag opening;

[0015] Step four: cover the water storage matrix above the planting bag until it is flush with the ground, and then cover a protective layer above the water storage matrix for preventing water evaporation and avoiding the formation of a hardened soil layer above the water storage matrix, the water storage matrix and the protective layer above the planting bag are collectively referred to as a rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier;

[0016] Step five: create a tree pit around the root diameter of the seedling, which has a central depression, a diameter of 30-100 cm, and a depth of about 10 cm for collecting rainwater.

[0017] Further, the bacterial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria that can utilize lignified plant stems as a carbon source, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix nitrogen with air as a nitrogen source to provide nitrogen fertilizer for the growth of the seedling for a long time, and the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria release insoluble phosphorus elements and potassium elements in the water storage matrix and the surrounding soil and rocks to provide phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer for the growth of the seedling for a long time.

[0018] Further, the ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the bacterial agent is 0.5:0.3:0.2 in terms of CFU.

[0019] Further, the following method is used to determine whether the water storage matrix will not be hardened and can prevent water from flowing along the capillary in the soil: hold a ball of water-soaked water storage matrix in the hand, if the water storage matrix can spontaneously disperse after the hand is released, it indicates that the water storage matrix will not be hardened and can prevent water from flowing along the capillary in the soil.

[0020] Further, the one-way water permeable film is a PLA / PBAT blended film.

[0021] Further, the rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier includes at least 5 cm thick water storage matrix, and the protective layer is weeds laid on the water storage matrix, and the weeds are further pressed with gravel or soil blocks to prevent the weeds from being blown away by the wind.

[0022] Further, if the afforestation site is located on a slope, the tree pit is a fish-scale pit with the opening facing the slope top.

[0023] Further, the seedling is not higher than 1 meter, the volume in the planting bag is not less than 10 liters, and the thickness of the capillary breaking layer is not less than 5 cm.

[0024] Further, the lignified plant stem powder is sawdust or a crushed product of forest waste, and the mass ratio of the lignified plant stem powder to the organic fertilizer in the water storage substrate is 1:1.

[0025] Further, the lower part and the bottom of the planting bag are uniformly provided with root growth holes for the root system to grow out.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacle in drought and barren mountainous areas has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] In the present application, by using the one-way water permeable membrane (which can control the direction of water migration in the soil) and the capillary breaking layer (which blocks the water loss along the soil capillary, and the part of the water loss cannot be blocked by the one-way water permeable membrane), a semi-isolated chamber is created underground, and the water storage substrate is filled in the semi-isolated chamber, so that the water entering the semi-isolated chamber is stored for the growth of the seedlings, which can reduce the evaporation and seepage loss and avoid the stress of water shortage on the seedlings. At the same time, the water storage substrate contains a large amount of long-acting organic matter (lignified plant stem powder), which not only has the effect of loosening the soil structure and storing water, but also can provide a long-term carbon source for the added nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, so that the bacteria can provide nutrients for the seedlings for a long time, avoiding the stress of nutrient deficiency on the seedlings. The above points solve the problem of planting obstacle in afforestation in drought and barren mountainous areas, and significantly improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. At the same time, the structures for improving the survival rate of seedlings in the present application are degradable, and after degradation, the environment around the seedling roots gradually transitions from a nursery-like environment to the local environment. The seedlings safely pass through the vulnerable period in this process, gradually strengthen their survival and adaptation ability, and after survival, the seedling roots are closely combined with the local soil, which can achieve a series of ecological benefits including soil and water conservation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The flowchart of the planting and afforestation method for overcoming the planting obstacle in drought and barren mountainous areas is shown in the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the planting and afforestation method is shown in the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of the planting hole is shown in the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the planting bag is shown in the present application;

[0032] In the figure, 1-seedlings, 2-one-way permeable membrane, 21-root growth holes, 3-capillary interruption layer, 4-semi-isolation chamber, 5-rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Take the key technology project for efficient restoration of vegetation in difficult sites, which applies the present invention, as an example (project number 2024YFD2200500, in which the survival rate of seedlings 1 can reach over 95%). Figure 1-2 As shown, a seedling planting method for overcoming the obstacles to planting in arid and barren mountainous areas creates a semi-isolated microenvironment that evolves over time, so that the environment in which the roots of the seedlings are located gradually transitions from a nursery-like environment to the local environment of the afforestation site.

[0034] From the time seedling 1 is planted until it has survived, it effectively lives in an environment similar to that of a nursery, allowing it to safely navigate its most sensitive developmental stage. As water and organic fertilizer gradually deplete, the supply of water and fertilizer decreases, allowing seedling 1 to gradually adapt to the local environment of the afforestation site. Simultaneously, thanks to nutrients released by the microbial agent and moisture stored in the water-storage matrix from precipitation, seedling 1 is protected from water shortages and nutrient deficiencies that could hinder its growth. Once the long-lasting organic matter in the water-storage matrix and the one-way permeable membrane 2 have completely degraded, seedling 1 has fully overcome its ecologically vulnerable period. Its roots penetrate a wider range of soil layers, absorbing water and nutrients, ensuring its survival and growth, free from the stresses and influences of the arid and infertile environment.

[0035] Note that the present invention is not suitable for use in desert areas with a rainfall of less than 200 mm, but should be used in arid and semi-arid areas with a rainfall of 200-400 mm. Otherwise, even if a series of water collection and storage measures are in place, they will not be effective.

[0036] The transplanting process of seedling 1 includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Wrap the roots of the seedling 1 in a planting bag and fill the planting bag with a water storage matrix;

[0038] The seedling bag is made of a degradable one-way water-permeable film 2, and the water permeability direction of the one-way water-permeable film 2 is from the outside of the bag to the inside of the bag;

[0039] The one-way permeable membrane 2 is typically a double-layer fabric, heat-pressed together. One layer has very small pores, while the other has larger pores. When the larger-pore layer faces the water, water can pass through, but not the other way around. This ensures that precipitation only enters the planting bag, preventing water from escaping. Combined with the capillary interruption layer 3, this creates a semi-isolated chamber 4.

[0040] The water storage matrix is lignified plant stem powder mixed with soil at the afforestation site, and the water storage matrix is also mixed with decomposed organic fertilizer for providing nutrients for the seedling 1 in a short term and a microbial agent for providing nutrients for the seedling 1 in a long term;

[0041] The water storage matrix satisfies the following conditions: not to be hardened and to prevent water loss along capillary tubes in the soil;

[0042] Here, the lignified plant stem powder is selected to make the soil loose, which not only improves the air permeability, but also can absorb and store water, and will not allow water loss like sand, so as to ensure the water storage and retention performance while maintaining the air permeability. It should be noted that the lignified plant stem powder should not be replaced by dry grass powder and other organic matters which degrade quickly. The lignified plant stem powder contains lignin, and the degradation is much slower, so it has a long-term effect.

[0043] The organic fertilizer can provide various nutrients required for the growth of the seedling 1 and the microbial agent in a period of time, including various trace elements, and has a longer effect time than chemical fertilizer, and can also improve the soil structure.

[0044] Step two: excavate a planting hole at the afforestation site, put the planting bag filled with the water storage matrix and the seedling 1 into the planting hole, and fill the gap between the planting bag and the surrounding of the planting hole (including the bottom) with the water storage matrix to form a capillary breaking layer 3 for inhibiting the water stored in the planting bag from flowing along the capillary tubes in the soil, and the capillary breaking layer 3 and the one-way water permeable film 2 jointly enclose a semi-isolated chamber 4 for storing water; in this embodiment, a cylindrical planting hole with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm is excavated. Figure 3

[0045] Here, the capillary breaking layer 3 is indispensable. If there is no capillary breaking layer 3, the water storage matrix in the planting bag will be full of water, and the water will slowly flow along the capillary tubes in the soil under the action of capillary force. The water lost in this form cannot be blocked by the one-way water permeable film 2.

[0046] Step three: water the planting bag until the water content of the water storage matrix in the planting bag reaches 75-80% of the saturated water content, and then tighten the bag opening;

[0047] The planting bag in this embodiment is a cylindrical bag with a height of 20 cm, a height of 32 cm, and a volume of 10 L as shown in Figure 4 If there is water source, the water storage matrix can also be soaked to 75-80% of the saturated water content.

[0048] ​Step four: cover the water storage substrate above the planting bag to the ground level, and then cover a protective layer above the water storage substrate to prevent water evaporation and avoid the formation of a hard soil layer above the water storage substrate, the water storage substrate and the protective layer above the planting bag are collectively referred to as a rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier layer;

[0049] If the soil above the planting bag is hardened, it is difficult for precipitation to infiltrate, and the present application cannot take effect. Therefore, an anti-hardening structure needs to be provided on the ground surface, which also plays the effect of shading and preventing water evaporation and loss.

[0050] Step five: create a tree disc with a central depression, a diameter of 30-100 cm, and a depth of about 10 cm for collecting rainwater around the root of the seedling 1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the microbial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria that can use lignified plant stems as a carbon source. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria use air as a nitrogen source to fix nitrogen, providing long-term nitrogen fertilizer for the seedling 1. The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria release insoluble phosphorus and potassium elements in the water storage substrate and the surrounding soil and rocks, providing long-term phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the seedling 1. Organic fertilizer can also provide a carbon source for the microbial agent and the seedling 1 in the early stage of planting and afforestation, and can also provide various trace elements for the seedling 1 and the microbial agent. These trace elements are consumed less and can have a long-term effect. The lignified plant stem powder is slowly decomposed and broken down, providing various nutrients for the microbial agent and the seedling 1, and ensuring the formation of a symbiotic relationship between the various microorganisms in the microbial agent and the root system of the seedling 1.

[0052] These microbial agents should have a higher concentration in the water storage substrate as much as possible at the beginning, such as more than 100 million CFU / ml, to shorten the time for their proliferation. After the organic matter added to the soil is depleted, the seedling 1 has also grown up and its root system has become healthy, and the microbial agent can form a symbiotic relationship with the root system of the plant. The microbial agent can be directly purchased as a microbial fertilizer containing the three types of bacteria, without the need to prepare it yourself. Note that even if the seedling 1 is not a legume, it is best to choose a microbial agent that contains both free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria when purchasing the microbial agent. Rhizobium can survive on plant residues without a symbiotic plant and can form a symbiotic relationship with weeds when the legume weeds grow up. Frankia can even form a symbiotic relationship with non-legume plants.

[0053] The ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria in the microbial agent is 0.5:0.3:0.2 in terms of CFU. This ratio can ensure that the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium released into the soil approximately meets the needs of the seedling 1 for survival and growth.

[0054] The amount of each component in the water storage matrix does not have a definite standard and needs to be adjusted according to the soil in different regions to achieve the effect that the soil in the planting bag does not harden and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil. In this embodiment, the following method is used to determine whether the water storage matrix achieves the desired effect: hold a ball of water-soaked water storage matrix in your hand, and if the water storage matrix can spread on its own after you release your hand, it means that the water storage matrix does not harden and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil.

[0055] In this embodiment, the one-way water permeable membrane 2 is a PLA / PBAT blend membrane. This membrane does not degrade too quickly and has the required strength.

[0056] In this embodiment, the rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier layer includes at least 5 cm thick water storage matrix, and the protective layer is weeds or fallen leaves (locally sourced) laid on the water storage matrix, and the weeds are further pressed with gravel or soil blocks to prevent the weeds from being blown away by the wind.

[0057] This structure effectively ensures that the soil above the planting bag does not harden and block the infiltration of rainwater into the planting bag, while also being locally sourced and saving costs.

[0058] If the afforestation site is on a slope, the tree pit is a fish-scale pit with the opening facing the top of the slope, thereby more effectively collecting surface runoff formed during rainfall and acting as a water collector.

[0059] In this embodiment, the seedling 1 is not more than 1 meter, the volume in the planting bag is not less than 10 liters, and the thickness of the capillary break layer 3 is not less than 5 cm.

[0060] The structure in the present application makes the soil around the roots of the seedling 1 in the planting bag more porous, and the planting bag buried underground plays a role in isolating the surrounding dry and barren environment and ensuring one-way infiltration of water, thereby forming a microenvironment system suitable for the survival and growth of the seedling 1, ensuring the survival and normal growth of the seedling 1. If the seedling 1 to be planted is larger, the size of the planting bag and the size of the planting hole can be increased as needed.

[0061] In this embodiment, the lignified plant stem powder in the water storage matrix is obtained by crushing existing forest waste, and materials such as pruned branches of trees, garden waste, sawdust, etc. can meet the needs of the present application, without the need to obtain them specially. When the mass ratio of the lignified plant stem powder to organic fertilizer is 1:1, it can better balance the needs of short-term supply of nutrients and long-term supply of carbon sources.

[0062] For example, Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment, the root growth holes 21 for the root system to grow out are uniformly arranged at the bottom and middle lower part of the seedling bag. The holes cannot be too large, and the hole diameter should not be more than 1 cm, and the number should not be more than 10. If a circular hole is opened, the hole diameter should not be more than 1 cm, and the number should not be more than 10. A cross-shaped or a single-shaped hole can also be opened by knife cutting, and the length should not be more than 1 cm, and the influence of such a hole on the water retention effect of the seedling bag is smaller. Of course, if the seedling 1 does not have a particularly obvious and fast-growing main root, the root growth hole 21 can also not be opened, and the strength of the one-way water permeable film 2 will be reduced during the degradation process, which is enough to be broken by the root system.

[0063] The above-described embodiments are only used to describe the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for overcoming the barrier of planting seedlings in dry and barren mountainous areas, characterized in that: By creating a semi-isolated microenvironment that evolves over time, the environment in which the seedling (1) root system is located gradually transitions from a nursery-like environment to the local environment at the afforestation site, and the seedling (1) completes survival and growth in the process of gradually adapting to the environment; The transplanting process of the seedling (1) includes the following steps: Step one: wrap the root system of the seedling (1) in a planting bag and fill the planting bag with water storage substrate; The planting bag is made of a degradable one-way water permeable membrane (2), and the water permeable direction of the one-way water permeable membrane (2) is from the outside of the bag to the inside of the bag; The water storage substrate is lignified plant stem powder doped with soil at the afforestation site, the lignified plant stem powder is sawdust or crushed material of forest waste, and the water storage substrate is also doped with mature organic fertilizer for providing nutrients for the seedling (1) in the short term and microbial agent for providing nutrients for the seedling (1) in the long term; The water storage substrate meets the following conditions: it will not be hardened and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil; Step two: dig a planting hole at the afforestation site, place the planting bag filled with water storage substrate and planted seedling (1) into the planting hole, and fill the gap between the planting bag and the surrounding planting hole with water storage substrate to form a capillary break layer (3) for preventing water stored in the planting bag from flowing along the capillary in the soil, and the capillary break layer (3) and the one-way water permeable membrane (2) together enclose a semi-isolated chamber (4) for water storage; If there is no capillary break layer (3), even if the water storage substrate in the planting bag is filled with water, the water will flow along the capillary in the soil under the action of capillary force, and the water lost in this form cannot be blocked by the one-way water permeable membrane (2); the one-way water permeable membrane (2) is a double-layer fabric pressed together, one layer has small pores and the other layer has large pores; when the layer with large pores is facing water, water can pass through, but not the other way around; used here, so that precipitation can only enter the planting bag, and it is difficult for water in the planting bag to seep out, combined with the capillary break layer (3), a semi-isolated chamber (4) is created; Step three: water the planting bag until the water content of the water storage substrate in the planting bag reaches 75-80% of the saturated water content, and then tighten the bag opening; Step four: cover the water storage substrate above the planting bag to the ground level, and then cover a protective layer above the water storage substrate to prevent water evaporation and avoid the formation of a hardened soil layer above the water storage substrate, the water storage substrate and the protective layer above the planting bag are collectively referred to as a rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier (5); the rainwater infiltration and evaporation barrier (5) includes at least 5 centimeters of water storage substrate, and the protective layer is weeds laid on the water storage substrate, and the weeds are further pressed with gravel or soil blocks to prevent the weeds from being blown away by the wind; Step five: create a tree disc with a central depression and a diameter of 30-100 centimeters around the root diameter of the seedling (1) for collecting rainwater.

2. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria that can utilize lignified plant stems as a carbon source, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix nitrogen with air as a nitrogen source to provide long-term nitrogen fertilizer for the seedling (1); the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria release insoluble phosphorus and potassium elements in the water storage substrate and the surrounding soil and rock, providing long-term phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the growth of the seedling (1).

3. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the microbial inoculant is 0.5:0.3:0.2 in terms of CFU.

4. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following method is used to determine that the water storage substrate cannot be hardened and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil: hold a ball of water-soaked water storage substrate in hand, if the water storage substrate can be opened by itself after releasing the hand, it means that the water storage substrate cannot be hardened and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil.

5. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way water permeable membrane (2) is a PLA / PBAT blend membrane.

6. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the afforestation site is located on a slope, the tree pit is a fish scale pit with the opening facing the top of the slope.

7. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the seedling (1) is not more than 1 meter, the volume in the planting bag is not less than 10 liters, and the thickness of the capillary breaking layer (3) is not less than 5 centimeters.

8. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of lignified plant stem powder to organic fertilizer in the water storage substrate is 1:

1.

9. A method for overcoming the problem of planting seedlings in droughty and infertile mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part and the bottom of the planting bag are uniformly provided with root growth holes (21) for root extension. The ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the microbial inoculant is 0.5:0.3:0.2 in terms of CFU. The following method is used to determine that the water storage substrate cannot be hardened and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil: hold a ball of water-soaked water storage substrate in hand, if the water storage substrate can be opened by itself after releasing the hand, it means that the water storage substrate cannot be hardened and can prevent water loss along the capillary in the soil. The one-way water permeable membrane (2) is a PLA / PBAT blend membrane. If the afforestation site is located on a slope, the tree pit is a fish scale pit with the opening facing the top of the slope. The height of the seedling (1) is not more than 1 meter, the volume in the planting bag is not less than 10 liters, and the thickness of the capillary breaking layer (3) is not less than 5 centimeters. The mass ratio of lignified plant stem powder to organic fertilizer in the water storage substrate is 1:

1. The lower part and the bottom of the planting bag are uniformly provided with root growth holes (

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