Chinese herbal medicine synergistic effect-based stream fish ecological keep-alive transportation method

Abstract

The invention provides a stream fish ecological keep-alive transportation method based on a synergistic effect of Chinese herbal medicines. The method comprises the steps that fasting temporary rearing is conducted 2-5 days before transportation, the water temperature of a temporary rearing pond is controlled to range from 18 DEG C to 22 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is controlled to range from 5 mg / L to 8 mg / L, and intestinal tracts of fishes are emptied; chinese herbal medicine filtrate prepared from astragalus membranaceus, codonopsis pilosula, angelica sinensis, poria cocos and liquorice according to a specific proportion is added into the transportation water body; transportation equipment adopts a live fish transportation box or vehicle, is disinfected by chlorine dioxide and is provided with a perfect heat preservation, oxygen supply and water circulation system; the density is controlled to be 10-20 kg per cubic meter during loading, the water temperature fluctuation is kept not exceeding + / -2 DEG C during transportation, the dissolved oxygen is 5-8 mg / L, and the water quality is monitored; and after arriving, putting the fishes into a temporary rearing pond with similar water quality and water temperature for temporary rearing for 1-2 days. According to the method, through measures such as fasting temporary rearing and natural Chinese herbal medicine ingredient adding, the immune steady state of the fish is maintained, the fish stress reaction is reduced, chemical medicine residues are avoided, the transportation survival rate is increased, operation is easy and convenient, cost is low, economic benefits and social benefits are achieved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish transportation, and in particular to an ecological live-keeping transportation method for stream fish based on the synergistic effect of Chinese herbal medicines. Background Art

[0002] Stream fish have high economic value in the market due to their unique ecological habits and meat flavor. However, during transportation, stream fish are prone to death, physical decline and other problems due to factors such as environmental changes and stress reactions, resulting in low transportation survival rate, which seriously affects economic benefits and resource utilization. At present, traditional fish transportation methods mainly improve transportation survival rate through conventional means such as controlling water temperature, water quality, and transportation density. However, for stream fish, which are more sensitive to environmental changes, the effect is not ideal. In addition, although some transportation methods that add chemical drugs can improve the survival rate to a certain extent, they are prone to cause drug residues, affecting fish quality and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly method for keeping stream fish alive and transporting them. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the existing methods for keeping fish alive and transporting them in streams are not effective, the present invention provides an ecological method for keeping fish alive and transporting them in streams based on the synergistic effect of Chinese herbal medicines. By taking measures such as fasting and temporarily keeping the fish alive before keeping them alive and adding Chinese herbal medicine ingredients to the transport water, the stress response of the fish during transportation is reduced, the survival rate during transportation is improved, and the fish quality and food safety are guaranteed at the same time.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for ecologically keeping stream fish alive and transporting them based on the synergistic effect of Chinese herbal medicines, characterized by comprising the following steps: Fasting and temporary holding: Before transportation, transfer the fish to be transported to a temporary holding pond, control the water temperature at 18-22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content in the water at 5-8 mg / L, and fast them for 2-5 days; Preparation of transport water: 500-800 mL of Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is added to each cubic meter of clean water to prepare the transport water. The Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is prepared by grinding the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, boiling them with pure water at a ratio of 1:20-50 (w / v), and filtering them. The Chinese herbal medicine ingredients are composed of 10-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 8-12 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 6-10 parts of Angelica sinensis, 5-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 3-6 parts of Licorice root, by weight. Preparation of transportation equipment: After disinfecting the transportation equipment, rinse it with clean water; the transportation equipment shall be equipped with a heat preservation system, an oxygen supply system, and a water circulation system; Fish loading: Place the fish after fasting and temporarily rearing into a transport device with transport water, and control the transport density to 10-20 kg of fish per cubic meter of water; Transport process control: During transport, the water temperature fluctuation should be kept within ±2°C, the dissolved oxygen content should be kept above 6mg / L, and the water quality should be monitored regularly; Post-transportation processing: After arriving at the destination, the fish are placed in a temporary holding pond for 1-2 days.

[0005] Preferably, in the fasting and temporary holding step, the water temperature in the temporary holding pond is 20°C, and the fasting period is 3 days. The water temperature in the temporary holding pond is controlled within a temperature range suitable for the growth of stream fish, generally 18-22°C, preferably 20°C, and the water quality is kept clean with a dissolved oxygen content of 5-8 mg / L. The fasting period depends on the size and species of the fish, generally 2-5 days, preferably 3 days. By fasting and temporary holding, the fish can empty their intestines, reduce the production of metabolic waste such as feces during transportation, reduce water pollution, and at the same time reduce the energy consumption of the fish and improve their stress resistance.

[0006] Preferably, in the transport water preparation step, the Chinese herbal medicine ingredients are composed of 12 parts of Astragalus, 10 parts of Codonopsis, 8 parts of Angelica, 6 parts of Poria, and 4 parts of Licorice in parts by weight. After pulverizing 50 g of the Chinese herbal medicine ingredient raw material, add 1.5-2 L of water, boil for 20-30 minutes, filter and take the filtrate, and after cooling, add 500-800 mL of filtrate per cubic meter of clean water source to the transport water body. Among them, the transport water should be selected from a clean and pollution-free water source, such as purified groundwater or tap water. Traditional Chinese medicine contains polysaccharides, ketones, alkaloids, vitamins and minerals, etc., and has unique advantages in promoting the growth of aquatic animals, inhibiting bacteria and sterilization, reducing stress response and enhancing the body's immunity. Astragalus contains a variety of bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and glucuronic acid, among other components. These substances can effectively enhance nonspecific immune activity in animals, promoting both humoral and cellular immunity. They can strengthen the phagocytic function of immune cells and increase immune factors such as interferon, promoting cell proliferation and transformation into activated macrophages. These substances directly kill intracellular organisms and mutant cells, thereby enhancing immunity. Codonopsis pilosula, consisting primarily of polysaccharides, acetyl glycosides, and total saponins, can be used in animal husbandry to boost immunity, improve stress resistance, slow aging, protect against oxidation, and inhibit inflammation. Angelica sinensis, rich in volatile and non-volatile oils, exhibits varying degrees of inhibitory effects against Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Vibrio cholerae, hemolytic Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Poria polysaccharide, a major component of Poria cocos, can effectively regulate immunity, provide anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The active ingredients in licorice mainly include polysaccharides, glycosides, alkaloids, organic acids and volatile oils, which have a good regulatory effect on the immune function of aquatic products and can significantly enhance the resistance of aquatic products to Aeromonas hydrophila.

[0007] Preferably, in the transport water preparation step, 600 mL of Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is added to each cubic meter of clean water source to prepare the transport water.

[0008] Preferably, during the transport equipment preparation step, the transport equipment is disinfected using a 0.1-0.3% chlorine dioxide solution. Suitable transport equipment is selected, such as a live fish transport box or live fish transport vehicle. The transport equipment must have good insulation, oxygen supply, and water circulation systems.

[0009] Preferably, during the fish loading step, the transport density is 15 kg of fish per cubic meter of water. After being temporarily fasted, the stream fish are carefully removed and placed into the transport water. The appropriate loading capacity is determined based on the size and species of the fish. The transport density is 10-20 kg of fish per cubic meter of water, preferably 15 kg. During loading, minimize injury to the fish and reduce stress reactions.

[0010] Preferably, during the transport process control step, the water temperature is maintained within ±2°C of the holding tank temperature prior to transport. The transport water is continuously oxygenated via an oxygen supply system to maintain a dissolved oxygen content of approximately 5-8 mg / L. Water quality is monitored regularly, and if deterioration is detected, water changes or other water quality adjustment measures are promptly implemented. Furthermore, turbulence and vibration during transport are minimized to prevent fish from being startled.

[0011] Preferably, in the post-transportation processing step, the water quality and temperature of the temporary holding pond should be similar to those of the transportation water. After 1-2 days of temporary holding, the health status of the fish is observed. If there is no abnormality, the fish can be sold or otherwise processed.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in: 1. The present invention reduces the generation of metabolic waste during transportation of fish by temporarily fasting the fish before keeping them alive, reduces water pollution, and at the same time reduces the energy consumption of the fish and improves their stress resistance. 2. Adding Chinese herbal ingredients to the transportation water and utilizing the natural properties of Chinese herbal medicine can enhance the immunity and anti-stress ability of fish, effectively improve the survival rate of stream fish during transportation, and avoid the use of chemical drugs, thus ensuring the quality of fish and food safety. 3. Strict cleaning and disinfection of transportation equipment and fine control during transportation provide a good transportation environment for stream fish and further improve the survival rate during transportation. 4. The live-keeping transportation method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, has good economic and social benefits, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. The various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the features in the following examples and embodiments can be combined with each other. In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the methods used are all conventional methods, and the reagents used can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0014] Example 1 1. Fasting and Temporary Rearing: Select a group of stream fish, 8-10 cm in length, and transfer them to a temporary rearing pond. Maintain the water temperature at 20°C and the dissolved oxygen content at 7 mg / L. Fast the fish for three days to allow them to empty their intestines.

[0015] 2. Prepare the transport water: Weigh 12 parts Astragalus, 10 parts Codonopsis, 8 parts Angelica, 6 parts Poria, and 4 parts Licorice. Crush and boil with purified water at a ratio of 1:30 (g / mL) for 25 minutes. Filter and collect the filtrate. Add 600 mL of the filtrate per cubic meter of transport water. 3. Transport equipment preparation: Use live fish transport boxes, disinfect them with 0.2% chlorine dioxide solution, and rinse them with clean water. The transport boxes should be equipped with good insulation, oxygen supply, and water circulation systems. 4. Fish loading: Carefully remove the fish after fasting and temporarily place them into the transport water, controlling the transport density to 15 kg of fish per cubic meter of water. 5. Transportation Process Control: During transportation, the water temperature was maintained at a stable 20±1°C, and the dissolved oxygen content in the water was maintained at 7 mg / L through the oxygen supply system. Water quality was regularly monitored and no deterioration was found. 6. Post-transportation processing: Upon arrival at the destination, the fish were slowly placed in a temporary holding pond. The water temperature in the holding pond was similar to that of the transport water. After one day of temporary holding, the fish were in good health with no mortality. Statistics show that the survival rate of this transport reached 95%.

[0016] Example 2 1. Fasting and Temporary Rearing: Select a group of stream fish, 10-12 cm in length, and transfer them to a temporary rearing pond. Maintain the water temperature at 21°C and the dissolved oxygen content at 6.5 mg / L. Fast the fish for four days to allow them to empty their intestines.

[0017] 2. Prepare the transport water: Weigh 13 parts Astragalus, 11 parts Codonopsis, 9 parts Angelica, 7 parts Poria, and 5 parts Licorice. Crush and boil with purified water at a ratio of 1:40 (g / mL) for 28 minutes. Filter and collect the filtrate. Add 700 mL of the filtrate per cubic meter of transport water. 3. Transport equipment preparation: Use a live fish transport vehicle, disinfect it with a 0.25% chlorine dioxide solution, and rinse it with clean water. The live fish transport vehicle should be equipped with a complete insulation, oxygen supply, and water circulation system. 4. Fish loading: Carefully remove the fish after fasting and temporarily place them into the transport water, controlling the transport density to 18 kg of fish per cubic meter of water. 5. Transportation Process Control: During transportation, the water temperature was maintained at a stable 21±1°C, and the dissolved oxygen content in the water was maintained at 7 mg / L through the oxygen supply system. Water quality was regularly monitored and no deterioration was found. 6. Post-transportation processing: Upon arrival at the destination, the fish were slowly placed in a temporary holding pond. The water temperature in the holding pond was similar to that of the transport water. After two days of holding, the fish were in good health with no mortality. Statistics show that the survival rate for this transport reached 98%.

[0018] Example 3 Antioxidant markers were measured in serum and liver samples from stream fish. A group of bighead carp (average weight 2.5 ± 0.1 kg) (purchased from Longhe Aquaculture Development Co., Ltd., Longyou County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China) were selected and transferred to a temporary holding pond. The water temperature was controlled at 20°C and the dissolved oxygen content was 7 mg / L. The fish were fasted for 3 days to allow for intestinal evacuation. During subsequent live transport, the fish were divided into two groups: one group was supplemented with the Chinese herbal medicine filtrate described in Example 1, while the other group remained unsupplemented. All other transport conditions remained the same. After five days of transport and two days of temporary holding, the bighead carp were stunned with a rapid and forceful blow to the head using a blunt instrument. Serum and liver samples were then collected from both groups for antioxidant marker analysis. Liver tissue was homogenized on ice in sterile PBS buffer at a ratio of 1:9 (mg / μL, tissue weight to PBS volume) using a high-throughput tissue grinder (TGimdeH24R, Tiangen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). The samples were then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was collected for subsequent biochemical analysis. Serum and liver samples from the different groups of bighead carp were assayed for antioxidant markers, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), using commercial kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results are shown in the following table: Table 1 Antioxidant index values in serum and liver of bighead carp after transportation During aerobic metabolism in aquatic organisms, excessive endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can induce cellular oxidative damage. Under physiological conditions, fish utilize an endogenous antioxidant defense system that relies on the synergistic action of key enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), to effectively scavenge free radicals and maintain redox homeostasis. SOD and CAT constitute the first line of defense in the antioxidant system and play a central role in regulating oxidation-antioxidation homeostasis. Antioxidant potency was assessed by measuring changes in the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH. Results showed that under simulated transport stress, the TCM filtrate-treated group exhibited significantly elevated antioxidant enzyme activity compared to the control group, confirming that synergistic TCM intervention can enhance the body's ability to resist oxidative stress. Mechanistically, elevated SOD activity promotes the scavenging of ROS, enhanced CAT activity accelerates the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide, and elevated GSH levels maintain the cellular reduced state through the sulfhydryl redox cycle. These three factors synergistically strengthen the antioxidant defense network.

[0019] Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower in the TCM filtrate-treated group compared with the control group. As a marker of lipid peroxidation, the decreased MDA concentration directly reflects the TCM filtrate's ability to effectively inhibit free radical chain reactions and reduce peroxidative damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids. This phenomenon may be related to the electron-donating properties of active ingredients in TCM, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides. These ingredients exert systemic antioxidant protection by directly scavenging ROS or activating the Nrf2 / ARE signaling pathway to enhance the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes.

[0020] This implementation case provides a new strategy for aquatic transportation stress management, and confirms that Chinese herbal additives can enhance the function of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit lipid peroxidation through a multi-target regulatory mechanism. This has important application value in maintaining fish immune homeostasis, improving anti-stress ability and enhancing survival rate.

[0021] The above embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention and can be adjusted and improved according to different needs in actual applications. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by anyone familiar with the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecologically keeping stream fish alive and transporting them based on the synergistic effect of Chinese herbal medicines, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fasting and temporary holding: Before transportation, transfer the fish to be transported to a temporary holding pond, control the water temperature at 18-22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content in the water at 5-8 mg / L, and fast them for 2-5 days; Transport water preparation: 500-800 mL of Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is added to each cubic meter of clean water to prepare the transport water. The Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is prepared by grinding the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, boiling them with pure water at a ratio of 1:30-40 (g / mL), and filtering them. The Chinese herbal medicine ingredients are composed of 10-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 8-12 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 6-10 parts of Angelica sinensis, 5-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 3-6 parts of Licorice root, by weight. Preparation of transportation equipment: After disinfecting the transportation equipment, rinse it with clean water; the transportation equipment shall be equipped with a heat preservation system, an oxygen supply system, and a water circulation system; Fish loading: Place the fish after fasting and temporarily rearing into a transport device with transport water, and control the transport density to 10-20 kg of fish per cubic meter of water; Transport process control: During transport, the water temperature fluctuation should be kept within ±2°C, the dissolved oxygen content should be kept above 6 mg / L, and the water quality should be monitored regularly; Post-transportation processing: After arriving at the destination, the fish are placed in a temporary holding pond for 1-2 days.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the fasting and temporary holding step, the water temperature of the temporary holding pond is 20° C. and the fish are fasted for 3 days.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the transport water preparation step, the Chinese herbal medicine ingredients are composed of 12 parts of astragalus, 10 parts of codonopsis, 8 parts of angelica, 6 parts of poria, and 4 parts of liquorice, calculated by weight.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the transport water preparation step, 600 mL of Chinese herbal medicine filtrate is added to each cubic meter of clean water source to prepare the transport water.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the transport equipment preparation step, a chlorine dioxide solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3% is used to disinfect the transport equipment.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the fish loading step, the transport density is 15 kg of fish per cubic meter of water.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the transportation process control step, the water temperature of the transportation water body is maintained within the range of ±2°C of the water temperature of the temporary holding pond before transportation.

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