Anti-detonation self-adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway

Abstract

The anti-detonation self-adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway comprises a box body and a box cover, and a pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter are installed in a pressure relief opening in a matched mode; the pressure relief turbine flame arrester comprises an air outlet cover plate, a turbine interception cylinder and an air inlet cylinder, the bottom of an interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder is a cylinder bottom plate A, and an air inlet hole A is formed in the center of the cylinder bottom plate A; a cylinder bottom plate B is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet cylinder, a sleeve and a telescopic rod located in the sleeve are fixedly installed in the center of the air outlet cover plate in a penetrating mode, a movable valve is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod, a spring is fixed to the center of the inner side of the cylinder bottom plate B, and the end of the spring penetrates through an air inlet A to be fixedly connected with the movable valve. Detonation particles are intercepted and deposited at the bottom of the interception barrel cavity so that centralized treatment can be facilitated, gas is discharged through all the gas outlet holes, flame diffusion is jointly restrained and explosion pressure is dredged through the pressure relief turbine flame arrester and the explosion wave energy absorption piece, the safety of a passenger cabin is guaranteed, and the device is suitable for aviation lithium battery emergency treatment scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aviation safety protection equipment, and in particular to a detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread use of lithium batteries in electronic devices, fires and explosions caused by thermal runaway in aircraft cabins have become frequent. If a lithium battery or an electronic device containing a lithium battery experiences a thermal runaway fire or explosion, a protective box is usually used for isolation, fire extinguishing, and explosion-proofing. The burning flames of a lithium battery or an electronic device containing a lithium battery in a protective box will spread wildly inside, and the explosion will generate a blast wave, which will also create a high-pressure internal environment in the protective box. Existing protective boxes generally have pressure relief ports to relieve pressure and release the energy of the blast wave. However, the local combustion and explosion of lithium batteries or electronic devices containing lithium batteries will produce detonation particles, which contain toxic particulate matter, such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, lead, mercury, lithium and other toxic metal particles. At the same time, when lithium batteries or electronic devices containing lithium batteries burn in protective bags or protective boxes, their flames will spread wildly inside. If not quenched in time, they will increase the fire or pose a greater risk. Chinese patent CN106621127A discloses a fire-resistant and explosion-proof emergency disposal box. The box body is composed of a three-layer structure, with an outer layer of alloy brushed aluminum plate, a middle layer of flexible foam layer, and an inner layer of aluminum oxide plate. It is equipped with a filtered exhaust port. The exhaust port exhausts smoke through a metal protective mesh or filter box, but it cannot effectively block the spread of flames. During an explosion, the high-temperature flames may leak out, causing secondary disaster risks. The pressure relief vents or exhaust ports of existing protective boxes do not have a dedicated explosion-proof and fire-proof pressure relief and fire-proof device that can effectively block the discharge of detonation particles. These toxic detonation particles will be discharged through the pressure relief vents, causing personal injury to staff and passengers outside. At the same time, the flames spread wildly inside the protective box, increasing the difficulty of fire extinguishing and even releasing them to the outside through the pressure relief vents or exhaust ports, causing harm. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries. The explosive airflow is divided and extinguished through the air inlet B of the air inlet cylinder, and then the shock wave effect generated by the explosion is divided and absorbed by the various explosion wave energy absorbing parts in the air inlet cylinder; then the explosive airflow enters the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A to intercept the detonation particles. The detonation particles are deposited on the circumference of the bottom of the interception cylinder cavity for centralized treatment, and the gas is discharged through various outlet holes.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway comprises a housing and a housing cover with a reversible sealing cover engaged with the housing. The housing cover and / or the housing are provided with a pressure relief port, in which a pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located external to the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are cooperatively mounted. The pressure relief turbine flame arrester comprises an air outlet cover, a turbine interception cylinder, and an air inlet cylinder. The turbine interception cylinder has an interception cylinder cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles. The bottom of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder is a cylinder bottom plate A, and an air inlet hole A is opened in the center of the cylinder bottom plate A. The air outlet cover is covered on the top of the turbine interception cylinder, and the air inlet cylinder is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder; the bottom of the air inlet cylinder has a cylinder bottom plate B, and a sleeve is fixedly installed through the center of the air outlet cover, and a telescopic rod is installed in the sleeve for telescopic movement, and a movable valve located in the turbine interception cylinder for lifting and lowering movement is fixed at the end of the telescopic rod, and a spring is fixed at the inner center of the cylinder bottom plate B, and the end of the spring passes through the air inlet hole A and is connected and fixed to the movable valve; the cylinder bottom plate B is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes B, and the air outlet cover is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes.

[0005] In order to better realize the present invention, an explosion wave energy absorbing member is installed on the inner wall of the box, and the explosion wave energy absorbing member is a wave-shaped continuous combined energy absorbing member or a convex single energy absorbing member; the explosion wave energy absorbing member has an arc-shaped surface wall and a sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity located inside the arc-shaped surface wall, and the arc-shaped surface wall of the explosion wave energy absorbing member is provided with a plurality of quenching holes, and the sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity of the explosion wave energy absorbing member is filled with sound-absorbing flame-retardant energy-absorbing material.

[0006] Preferably, the cylinder bottom plate A is fixed with a turbine blade assembly located in the intercepting cylinder cavity, and the turbine blade assembly is composed of a plurality of turbine arc blades, and all the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are distributed circumferentially around the air inlet A.

[0007] Preferably, the turbine arc blades are in an arc shape as a whole, the height of the turbine arc blades is half of the height of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder, the arc directions of all turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are consistent, and all turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise wind flow.

[0008] Preferably, the opening position of the top of the box body has a sealing edge A, the box cover has a sealing edge B that cooperates with the sealing edge A for sealing, an annular sealing groove is provided on the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A, and a sealing protrusion that seals with the sealing groove is provided on the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B, and a sealing rubber and / or high-temperature resistant foam material is provided in the sealing groove; the box cover is provided with a tempered glass observation window.

[0009] Preferably, the box body and / or the box cover are both made of double-layer box board materials, and the double-layer box board materials are composed of a supporting structure layer and a composite thermal insulation buffer layer. The supporting structure layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal or carbon fiber composite material and is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating on the outside, and the thickness of the supporting structure layer is 1 to 3 mm; the composite thermal insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer and a thermal insulation layer, and the impact-resistant layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the supporting structure layer; the impact-resistant layer has a thickness of 5 to 30 mm, a density of 80-200 kg / m³ and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam or silicone foam, and the thermal insulation layer has a thickness of 5 to 30 mm, a density of 50 to 400 kg / m³ and is made of one or more of high silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt or aerogel composite material.

[0010] Preferably, a high-temperature resistant coating that can withstand temperatures of not less than 1000°C is provided between the inner side of the supporting structure layer and the impact-resistant layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer, and a flame-retardant layer is provided on the inner side of the thermal insulation layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer, and the flame-retardant layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth that can withstand temperatures of not less than 800°C.

[0011] Preferably, the top edge of the intercepting cylinder cavity of the turbine intercepting cylinder has an ear plate A with an outward-turned structure, and the ear plate A of the turbine intercepting cylinder is fixed to the air outlet cover plate by screws; a sealing gasket is also installed between the ear plate A and the air outlet cover plate, and the sleeve passes through the sealing gasket accordingly.

[0012] Preferably, the top opening of the air intake cylinder has an outward-turned ear plate B, and the ear plate B of the air intake cylinder is fixed to the cylinder bottom plate A of the turbine interception cylinder by screws.

[0013] Preferably, the air outlet cover plate is composed of several layers of circular air outlet hole assemblies from the outside to the inside, and each layer of air outlet hole assemblies is composed of several air outlet holes distributed in a circular pattern on the air outlet cover plate; a metal lock is also installed between the box cover and the box body, and the box cover and the box body are firmly locked by the metal lock, and handles are fixed on opposite sides of the box body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) The present invention is provided with a pressure relief turbine flame arrester installed at the pressure relief port or the exhaust port, which provides a solution for extinguishing fire, relieving pressure and intercepting detonation particles for combustion and explosion caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries or electronic equipment containing lithium batteries in the explosion-proof protective box. The explosion airflow is divided and extinguished through the air inlet B of the air inlet cylinder, and then the shock wave effect generated by the explosion is divided and absorbed by the various explosion wave energy absorbing parts in the air inlet cylinder; then the explosion airflow enters the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A to intercept the detonation particles. The detonation particles are deposited on the circumference of the bottom of the interception cylinder cavity for centralized treatment, and the gas is discharged through the various outlet holes.

[0015] (2) The present invention can be used for both pre-emptive protection of items that have not experienced thermal runaway and post-empty protection of items that have experienced thermal runaway. The items can be placed in a box and isolated from the air to extinguish the fire, or fire extinguishing materials can be placed inside the box before the items are placed to extinguish the fire. In the process of handling the thermal runaway items, no metal melt, flame or toxic substance splashing will occur, effectively reducing the hazards of thermal runaway accidents of lithium batteries.

[0016] (3) The interior of the turbine interception cylinder of the present invention is equipped with a turbine blade assembly consisting of turbine arc blades that guide the wind flow in a spiral manner. The detonation particles are first blocked and intercepted by the turbine arc blades and guided to the bottom circumference of the interception cylinder cavity. The air outlet only discharges air, which also plays a role in blocking the detonation particles.

[0017] (4) The explosive airflow of the present invention enters through the air inlet B arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the air inlet cylinder, then enters the interior of the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A located in the center, and then is guided counterclockwise or clockwise by the arc-shaped blades of each turbine and intercepts the detonation particles, and finally is discharged through the air outlet holes arranged in a circle on the air outlet cover. The flow path of the explosive airflow inside the present invention is planned and designed layer by layer, so that the pressure relief is achieved while gradually extinguishing the fire, absorbing energy and intercepting the detonation particles, and the protection effect is significantly improved.

[0018] (5) The present invention achieves the purpose of adaptive pressure relief, energy absorption and layer-by-layer particle interception when an explosion occurs through components such as a movable valve and a spring; the movable valve normally closes the air inlet A under the action of the spring force. When the lithium battery or electronic equipment containing a lithium battery inside the explosion-proof protective box thermally runs away and causes combustion and explosion, the explosive air flow enters from the air intake pipe and impacts the movable valve, and the movable valve moves upward. The movable valve pushes the telescopic rod to contract in the sleeve, and the movable valve no longer closes the air inlet A, and the air inlet A is opened. The movable valve plays the role of adaptive pressure relief and exhaust.

[0019] (6) The present invention improves explosion resistance through double-layer box panels, suppresses flame spread and relieves explosion pressure through pressure relief turbine flame arresters and explosion wave energy absorbers, and uses a composite thermal insulation buffer layer to combine foam energy absorption and fiber thermal insulation advantages and resist explosion impact and high temperature conduction, thereby ensuring cabin safety and being suitable for various emergency disposal scenarios of aviation lithium batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the external structure of the anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device in the embodiment; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure without the box cover; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the preferred layout of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer in the embodiment; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure relief turbine flame arrester after assembly in the embodiment; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure after the middle movable valve closes the air inlet A; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure after the middle movable valve opens the air inlet A; Figure 8 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the air outlet cover; Figure 9 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle turbine interceptor cylinder; Figure 10 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle air intake cylinder.

[0021] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are: 1 - Box body, 11 - Sealing edge A, 111 - Sealing groove, 12 - Bottom plate, 13 - Side plate, 2 - Box lid, 21 - Sealing edge B, 22 - Cover plate, 23 - Hinge, 3 - Pressure relief vent, 4 - Metal lock, 5 - Tempered glass observation window, 6 - Handle, 7 - Blast wave energy absorber, 8 - Air outlet cover, 81 - Air outlet, 9 - Turbine interceptor cylinder, 91 - Cylinder bottom plate A, 92 - Air inlet A, 93 - Turbine curved blades, 94 - Ear plate A, 10 - Air inlet cylinder, 101 - Cylinder bottom plate B, 1011 - Air inlet B, 102 - Ear plate B, 14 - Sleeve, 15 - Telescopic rod, 16 - Movable valve, 17 - Spring, 18 - Sealing gasket, 19 - Flame retardant layer, 20 - Thermal insulation layer, 24 - Impact-resistant layer, 25 - High-temperature resistant coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail: Example

[0023] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries includes a box body 1 and a box cover 2 with a flip-up sealing cover on the box body 1. The box cover 2 is flippably connected to the box body 1 through a number of hinges 23. A pressure relief port 3 is provided on the box cover 2 or / and the box body 1. A pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are installed in the pressure relief port 3. The filter in this embodiment is a filter device wrapped around the outside of the pressure relief turbine flame arrester. The gas discharged from each air outlet 81 of the air outlet cover 8 passes through a filter (including filter layers such as an activated carbon adsorption layer and an alkaline adsorbent layer. The activated carbon adsorption layer is used to adsorb CO, organic gases and some aerosols, and the alkaline adsorbent layer is used to adsorb sulfur-containing or fluorine-containing substances) and is then discharged after filtration. The filter can be a small filter device covered on the outside of the pressure relief port 3; the filter can also be a filter adsorption device including a gas adsorption hood. The gas adsorption hood is installed on the outside of the pressure relief port 3 and collects the gas, which is then input into the filter adsorption device for filtration and adsorption treatment. As shown Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, the pressure relief turbine flame arrester includes an air outlet cover plate 8, a turbine interception cylinder 9 and an air inlet cylinder 10. The turbine interception cylinder 9 has an interception cylinder cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles (see Figure 8 The interception cylinder cavity is the inner cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9). The bottom of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9 is the cylinder bottom plate A91, and the center of the cylinder bottom plate A91 is provided with an air inlet hole A92. The air outlet cover 8 covers the top of the turbine interception cylinder 9, and the air inlet cylinder 10 is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder 9 (see Figure 8 The air intake cylinder 10 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder 9). Preferably, the top of the air intake cylinder 10 has an outward-turned ear plate B102, and the ear plate B102 of the air intake cylinder 10 is fixed to the cylinder bottom plate A91 of the turbine interception cylinder 9 by screws.

[0024] In some embodiments, the preferred box body 1 and / or box cover 2 of the present invention are both made of double-layer box sheet materials, which are composed of a supporting structure layer and a composite thermal insulation buffer layer. The supporting structure layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal or carbon fiber composite material and is coated on the outside with a high-temperature resistant coating that can withstand temperatures of not less than 600°C (that is, the coated high-temperature resistant coating is located on the outer side of the protective device of the present invention). The thickness of the supporting structure layer is 1 to 3 mm. The composite thermal insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer 24 and a thermal insulation layer 20. The impact-resistant layer 24 of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the supporting structure layer (that is, the supporting structure layer is located on the inner side of the box body 1). The impact-resistant layer 24 has a thickness of 5 to 30 mm, a density of 80-200 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam or silicone foam. The impact-resistant layer 24 is mainly used to absorb explosion impact energy and provide heat insulation. The thermal insulation layer 20 has a thickness of 5 to 30 mm and a density of 50 to 400 kg / m³ and is made of one or more of high silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt or aerogel composite material.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, a high temperature resistant coating 25 with a temperature resistance of not less than 1000°C is provided between the inner side of the support structure layer and the impact resistant layer 24 of the composite heat insulation buffer layer. A flame retardant layer 19 is provided on the inner side of the heat insulation layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer. The flame retardant layer 19 is made of ceramic fiber cloth with a temperature resistance of not less than 800°C. Figure 4 As shown, the preferred composite thermal insulation buffer layer is composed of four layers of high-temperature resistant coating 25, impact-resistant layer 24, thermal insulation layer 20, and flame retardant layer 19 in sequence, wherein the high-temperature resistant coating 25 is located on one side of the supporting structure layer, and the flame retardant layer 19 is located on the inner side of the box body 1. This embodiment is preferably laminated layer by layer with a high-temperature resistant adhesive, with a total thickness of 15-60 mm. Preferably, the supporting structure layer (e.g., an aluminum shell) withstands external mechanical impact (such as collision during transportation), and the surface ceramic coating blocks direct burning from external flames; the inner composite thermal insulation buffer layer and the flame retardant layer 19 (ceramic fiber cloth) immediately suppress the inward penetration of flames, with a temperature resistance of ≥800°C; the low thermal conductivity (≤0.05W / m·K) of the thermal insulation layer 20 (aluminum silicate fiber felt, etc.) blocks heat conduction, so that the outer surface temperature of the box 1 is ≤70°C (when the internal temperature is 1000°C); the impact-resistant layer 24 (polyimide foam, etc.) absorbs the energy of the explosion shock wave (such as the impact energy of a 300Wh18650 lithium battery explosion) through material compression deformation; the high-temperature resistant coating 25 (silicon carbide) forms a ceramic protective layer at extremely high temperatures to prevent the inner layer material from melting and failing.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the top edge of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9 has an outward-turned ear plate A94, and the ear plate A94 of the turbine interception cylinder 9 is fixed to the air outlet cover plate 8 by screws. A sealing gasket 18 is also installed between the ear plate A94 and the air outlet cover plate 8, and the sleeve 14 passes through the sealing gasket 18 accordingly. The air outlet cover plate 8 is composed of several layers of circular air outlet hole assemblies from the outside to the inside, and each layer of air outlet hole assemblies is composed of several air outlet holes 81 distributed in a circular pattern on the air outlet cover plate 8. Each layer of air outlet hole assemblies is composed of several air outlet holes 81 arranged in a circular pattern to form a circle of air outlet hole assemblies, and each air outlet hole assemblies is concentrically arranged inside and outside, and the sizes of the air outlet holes 81 of each layer of air outlet hole assemblies may be the same or different.

[0027] The bottom of the air inlet cylinder 10 has a cylinder bottom plate B101, and the center of the air outlet cover plate 8 is fixedly installed with a sleeve 14 (such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the top of the sleeve 14 extends through the center of the outlet cover plate 10, and the sleeve 14 is fixed to the mounting hole in the center of the outlet cover plate 10). A telescopic rod 15 is installed in the sleeve 14 for telescopic movement (the telescopic rod 15 telescopically moves within the sleeve 14). The end of the telescopic rod 15 is fixed to a movable valve 16 that moves up and down inside the turbine interceptor cylinder 8. A spring 17 is fixed to the center of the inner side of the cylinder bottom plate B101. The end of the spring 17 passes through the air inlet hole A92 and is connected and fixed to the movable valve 16. Figure 6 As shown, under the elastic tension of the spring 17, the movable valve 16 closes the air inlet A92 of the bottom plate A91 of the cylinder; when the lithium battery or the electronic device containing the lithium battery in the explosion-proof protective box thermal runaway causes combustion and explosion, see Figure 6 The explosion airflow enters from the air inlet holes B1011 on the outer side of the air inlet cylinder 10 and impacts the movable valve 16, causing the movable valve 16 to move upward (the movable valve 16 pushes the telescopic rod 15 to retract in the sleeve 14). Figure 7As shown, the movable valve 16 no longer blocks the air inlet A92, opening it. The movable valve 16 then acts as an adaptive pressure relief device. The cylinder base plate B101 includes several air inlet holes B1011, which communicate with the inner cavity of the air inlet cylinder 10. The flame and explosion airflow within the explosion-proof housing enters the inner cavity of the air inlet cylinder 10 through the air inlet holes B1011 and impacts the movable valve 16. The air outlet cover plate 8 includes several air outlet holes 81, which are used to discharge the gas from the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9, thereby venting and relieving pressure within the explosion-proof housing. Thermal runaway of lithium batteries or electronic devices containing lithium batteries causes combustion and explosion airflow carrying detonation particles to enter from the air inlet B1011, and then be intercepted in the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The gas is discharged through the air outlet 81 of the air outlet cover 8. The airflow enters the air inlet A92 of the cylinder bottom plate A91 and slows down and turns in the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The air outlet 81 of the air outlet cover 8 does not directly correspond to the air inlet A92. The airflow will pass through the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9 to turn the airflow path, so that the detonation particles are intercepted and stored in the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9.

[0028] The explosion airflow inside the box 1 of the detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device of the present invention enters through the air inlet holes B1011 arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the air inlet cylinder 10 (see Figure 6 、 Figure 7 The explosive airflow enters from the outside of the circumference of the air inlet cylinder 10 and hits the movable valve 16 in the center. When the movable valve 16 is opened, the explosive airflow enters the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9 through the air inlet hole A92. During this process, the explosive airflow will flow according to the planned path and be unloaded. At the same time, the explosive airflow needs to overcome the elastic force of the spring 17 to hit the movable valve 16, and part of its energy is also dissipated). Then it enters the interior of the turbine interception cylinder 9 through the air inlet hole A92 located in the center, and then each turbine arc blade 93 guides counterclockwise or clockwise and intercepts the detonation particles, and finally is discharged through the air outlet 81 arranged in a circle on the air outlet cover 8. The flow path of the explosive airflow inside the present invention is planned and designed layer by layer, which realizes pressure relief while gradually extinguishing fire, absorbing energy and intercepting detonation particles, and the protection effect is significantly improved.

[0029] In some embodiments, a blast wave energy absorber 7 is installed on the inner wall of the box body 1. The box body 1 is surrounded by a bottom plate 12 and a side plate 13 to form a receiving cavity with an opening at the top. Figure 2 As shown, the box body 1 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped (i.e., it has a rectangular shaped receiving chamber), so there are four side panels 13 in total, front, back, left, and right. The blast wave energy absorbers 7 are mainly arranged and installed on the side panels 13 of the box body 1, and a small number of them can be arranged on the bottom plate 12 of the box body 1. Figure 3As shown, the blast wave energy absorbing member 7 is a wave-like continuous combined energy absorbing member or a convex single energy absorbing member. The convex single energy absorbing member is an arc-shaped convex single member protruding from the inner wall surface of the box body 1 and having a sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity with the inner wall surface of the box body 1. The wave-like continuous combined energy absorbing member is a plurality of convex single energy absorbing members connected in a wave-like arc shape. The blast wave energy absorbing member 7 can be detachably fixed to the inner wall of the box body 1 by screws or adhesively fixed; in the example shown in FIG. Figure 3 In the embodiment, some blast absorbers 7 are arc-shaped, protruding single pieces, mounted on a side panel 13 of the housing 1. Other parts are protruding single pieces, arranged in a continuous, wavy pattern on the side panel 13 of the housing 1. Each blast absorber 7 has an arc-shaped surface and a sound-absorbing cavity located within the curved surface. The curved surface is provided with several quenching holes, and the cavity is filled with a sound-absorbing, flame-retardant, energy-absorbing material. The blast absorber 7 is preferably made of aluminum or other lightweight metals or a carbon fiber composite. The sound-absorbing, flame-retardant, energy-absorbing material is preferably composed of a composite of glass wool, a carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material, and ceramic fiber. The material is a honeycomb structure (i.e., a porous honeycomb structure) composed of glass wool (primarily for sound absorption), a carbon fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material (primarily for energy absorption), and ceramic fiber (primarily for flame retardancy). When an explosion occurs inside the box 1, the explosion generates a shock wave effect that reaches the blast wave energy absorbing member 7 and is divided and absorbed by the blast wave energy absorbing member 7. If the flame is transmitted to the blast wave energy absorbing member 7, it can be quenched by the quenching hole. At the same time, the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material plays the role of sound-absorbing, energy-absorbing and flame-retardant.

[0030] In some embodiments, the cylinder bottom plate A91 is fixed with a turbine blade assembly located in the interception cylinder cavity. The turbine blade assembly is composed of a plurality of turbine arc blades 93. All turbine arc blades 93 of the turbine blade assembly are distributed circumferentially around the air inlet A92. The turbine arc blades 93 are in the shape of an arc as a whole. The height of the turbine arc blades 93 is half of the height of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The arc direction of all turbine arc blades 93 of the turbine blade assembly is consistent. All turbine arc blades 93 of the turbine blade assembly are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise wind flow. Figure 8 As shown, all turbine arc blades 93 guide the explosion airflow to move clockwise or counterclockwise. Figure 8All the turbine arc blades 93 are distributed in a counterclockwise arc shape. The detonation particles in the explosion airflow are first blocked and intercepted by each turbine arc blade 93 (after interception, they will be gradually carried by the wind flow to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder 9 for accumulation), and then accumulated at the bottom of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9 under the guidance of the turbine blade assembly. At the same time, under the centrifugal effect of the wind flow, the detonation particles will gradually settle on the circumference of the bottom of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9, and can be cleaned up afterwards. After the explosion airflow is processed by intercepting the detonation particles in the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9, the gas will be discharged through the various outlet holes 81 of the outlet cover plate 8 (the aperture of the outlet hole 81 is relatively small).

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the top opening of the box body 1 has a sealing edge A11, and the box cover 2 has a sealing edge B21 that seals with the sealing edge A11. The sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A11 is provided with an annular sealing groove 111. The sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B21 is provided with a sealing protrusion that seals with the sealing groove 111. The sealing groove is provided with sealing rubber and / or a high-temperature resistant foam material (the high-temperature resistant foam material is preferably silicone foam). When the box cover 2 is closed on the box body 1, the sealing protrusion of the sealing edge B21 is pressed into the sealing groove 111. The sealing protrusion is sealed and wrapped by the sealing rubber or high-temperature resistant foam material. Through mechanical pressing, a high-pressure airtight seal is formed, which has high-temperature resistance and sealing effects, ensuring good sealing performance and effectively preventing smoke leakage. The box cover 2 is provided with a tempered glass observation window 5 (temperature resistance ≥ 800℃, capable of real-time monitoring of the internal fire situation). Through the tempered glass observation window 5, the internal situation of the box body 1 (whether the fire is extinguished or whether a local explosion has occurred) can be observed. The top plate of the box cover 2 is a cover plate 22, and the tempered glass observation window 5 is set on the cover plate 22. The cover plate 22 is provided with a pressure relief port 3 (or exhaust port). The pressure relief port 3 (or exhaust port) is equipped with a pressure relief turbine flame arrester. Figure 1 As shown, a metal lock 4 is installed between the box cover 2 and the box body 1, and the box cover 2 and the box body 1 are firmly locked by the metal lock 4. Handles 6 are fixed on opposite sides of the box body 1 for easy handling.

[0032] During use, dangerous civil aviation goods (primarily lithium batteries or electronic devices containing lithium batteries, such as laptops and other portable electronic devices) not experiencing thermal runaway, or lithium batteries or electronic devices experiencing thermal runaway, are placed inside the box 1. The box lid 2 is closed and locked with a metal lock 4. For example, in the case of a lithium battery or electronic device experiencing thermal runaway, the flames generated by the combustion of the lithium battery product are quenched by the quenching holes of the explosion wave energy absorber 7 and the pressure relief turbine flame arrester, respectively, reducing the flame's potential for spread. The combustion and explosion airflow inside the box 1, carrying detonation particles, enters through the various air inlet holes B1011 of the air inlet cylinder 10. These air inlet holes B1011 also serve to break up the explosion shock wave and combustion flame, preventing larger particles from falling back into the explosion-proof protective box. The combustion and explosion airflow is then broken up and absorbed by the explosion shock wave effects within the explosion-proof air inlet cylinder 10 by the various explosion wave energy absorbers, simultaneously extinguishing the fire. Next, the explosive airflow impacts the movable valve 16, causing it to rise and the telescopic rod 15 to retract into the sleeve 14. The movable valve 16 no longer seals the air inlet A92, opening it. The movable valve 16 then functions as an adaptive pressure relief and exhaust system. After the air inlet A92 is opened, the explosive airflow enters the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9. Detonation particles in the explosive airflow are first intercepted by the various turbine curved blades 93 (after interception, they are gradually carried by the wind to the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9 and accumulate). Then, guided by the turbine blade assembly, they accumulate at the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9. Simultaneously, under the centrifugal force of the wind, the detonation particles gradually settle around the circumference of the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, allowing for subsequent centralized cleaning. After the explosive airflow intercepts the detonation particles in the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, the gas is discharged through the various outlet holes 81.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway, characterized by: The invention comprises a box body and a box cover which is assembled on the box body with a reversible sealing cover, wherein the box cover or / and the box body are provided with a pressure relief port, wherein a pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are installed in cooperation with the pressure relief turbine flame arrester; the pressure relief turbine flame arrester comprises an air outlet cover plate, a turbine interception cylinder and an air inlet cylinder, wherein the turbine interception cylinder has an interception cylinder cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles, the bottom of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder is a cylinder bottom plate A, and an air inlet hole A is opened in the center of the cylinder bottom plate A; the air outlet cover plate is assembled on the turbine interception cylinder and the filter is installed on the pressure relief port; the pressure relief turbine flame arrester comprises an air outlet cover plate, a turbine interception cylinder and an air inlet cylinder, ... turbine interception cylinder has an interception cylinder cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles, the turbine interception cylinder has an interception cylinder cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles, the turbine interception cylinder has an interception cylinder cavity for At the top of the truncated cylinder, the air intake cylinder is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder; the bottom of the air intake cylinder has a cylinder bottom plate B, and a sleeve is fixedly installed through the center of the air outlet cover plate, and a telescopic rod is installed in the sleeve for telescopic movement, and a movable valve located in the turbine interception cylinder for lifting and lowering movement is fixed at the end of the telescopic rod, and a spring is fixed at the inner center of the cylinder bottom plate B, and the end of the spring passes through the air inlet hole A and is connected and fixed to the movable valve; the cylinder bottom plate B is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes B, and the air outlet cover plate is provided with a plurality of air outlet holes.

2. The detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: An explosion wave energy absorbing member is installed on the inner wall of the box, and the explosion wave energy absorbing member is a wave-shaped continuous combined energy absorbing member or a convex single energy absorbing member; the explosion wave energy absorbing member has an arc-shaped surface wall and a sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity located inside the arc-shaped surface wall, the arc-shaped surface wall of the explosion wave energy absorbing member is provided with a plurality of quenching holes, and the sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity of the explosion wave energy absorbing member is filled with a sound-absorbing flame-retardant energy-absorbing material.

3. The detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder bottom plate A is fixed with a turbine blade assembly located in the intercepting cylinder cavity. The turbine blade assembly is composed of a plurality of turbine arc blades. All turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are distributed circumferentially around the air inlet A.

4. The anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The turbine arc blades are generally in an arc shape, and the height of the turbine arc blades is half of the height of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder. The arc directions of all turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are consistent, and all turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise wind flow.

5. The anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the box body has a sealing edge A at the mouth, and the box cover has a sealing edge B that cooperates with the sealing edge A for sealing. An annular sealing groove is provided on the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A, and a sealing protrusion that seals with the sealing groove is provided on the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B. The sealing groove is provided with sealing rubber and / or high-temperature resistant foam material; the box cover is provided with a tempered glass observation window.

6. The anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body and / or box cover are both made of double-layer box board materials, and the double-layer box board materials are composed of a supporting structure layer and a composite thermal insulation buffer layer. The supporting structure layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal or carbon fiber composite material and is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating on the outside. The thickness of the supporting structure layer is 1 to 3 mm; the composite thermal insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer and a thermal insulation layer, and the impact-resistant layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer is arranged on the inner side of the supporting structure layer; the thickness of the impact-resistant layer is 5 to 30 mm, the density is 80-200 kg / m³ and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam or silicone foam, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 5 to 30 mm, the density is 50 to 400 kg / m³ and is made of one or more of high silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt or aerogel composite material.

7. The detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 6, characterized in that: A high-temperature resistant coating that can withstand temperatures of not less than 1000°C is provided between the inner side of the supporting structure layer and the impact-resistant layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer. A flame-retardant layer is also provided on the inner side of the thermal insulation layer of the composite thermal insulation buffer layer. The flame-retardant layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth that can withstand temperatures of not less than 800°C.

8. The detonation-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top edge of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder has an ear plate A with an outward-turned structure, and the ear plate A of the turbine interception cylinder is fixed to the air outlet cover plate by screws; a sealing gasket is also installed between the ear plate A and the air outlet cover plate, and the sleeve passes through the sealing gasket accordingly.

9. The anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the air intake cylinder has an outward-turned ear plate B, and the ear plate B of the air intake cylinder is fixed to the cylinder bottom plate A of the turbine interception cylinder by screws.

10. The anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet cover plate is composed of several layers of circular air outlet hole assemblies from the outside to the inside, and each layer of air outlet hole assemblies is composed of several air outlet holes distributed in a circular pattern on the air outlet cover plate; a metal lock is also installed between the box cover and the box body, and the box cover and the box body are firmly locked by the metal lock, and handles are fixed on opposite sides of the box body.

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