A weak rigidity special-shaped part cutting processing force, heat, deformation on-line measurement test device and use method

Abstract

The application relates to a weak-rigidity special-shaped part cutting force, heat and deformation on-line measuring test device and a use method, and relates to the technical field of machining, which comprises a machining device, a measuring device and a moving device, the output end of a machine tool is connected with a main shaft and a cutter, a workpiece is clamped on a clamping mechanism, the cutter rotates under the driving of the main shaft of the machine tool, and cutting machining is carried out on the special-shaped rotary workpiece; a force measuring device is used for measuring the cutting force in the machining process; a temperature measuring device is used for measuring the machining temperature; an image acquisition device is used for observing the material removal process in the machining process; the moving device comprises a rotary platform and a displacement platform, the machining area is always kept unchanged relative to the cutter through the cooperation of the rotary platform and the displacement platform; the position of the cutter is unchanged, the comprehensive movement of the rotary table and the displacement platform is used to solve the problem that the cutting point changes constantly during machining, and the application can measure the cutting force in the machining area throughout the whole process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and more specifically, to an online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device and its method for machining weak stiffness irregular-shaped parts. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the demand for lightweight aircraft and space exploration equipment is becoming increasingly prominent. To meet weight reduction requirements, porous solid structures (such as honeycomb structures) are widely used in the manufacture of key components such as large telescopes and space exploration satellites. For example, in scientific missions such as dark matter and extraterrestrial life detection, the sandwich structure of large telescope reflector panels is often composed of porous solid arrays. This structure can be simplified to a periodic arrangement of one or more basic units (such as hexagonal honeycombs, triangular grids, etc.) in space to achieve optimal mechanical performance and weight control. Currently, most large telescopes or satellite reflector panels use carbon fiber composite tube arrays for their sandwich structures. The manufacturing process of this structure mainly includes the following key steps: ① Rolling carbon fiber prepreg into tubular components using a roll forming process. This process usually uses mandrel-assisted forming to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the tubes. ② Arranging the prepared carbon fiber tubes vertically in a tangential manner to form a regular array structure. To ensure the geometric accuracy of the array, special fixtures are used for positioning and fixing to prevent the tubes from shifting during subsequent processing. ③ High-performance adhesive is dripped into the contact points between the tubes, and the adhesive is fully cured through hot pressing or room temperature curing processes to ultimately form a stable carbon nanotube array structure. However, since reflective panels typically require extremely high surface accuracy (such as submicron-level surface roughness), adhesive bonding alone is insufficient to meet the final application requirements. Therefore, after the carbon nanotube array has cured, precision machining, such as CNC milling, grinding, or laser finishing, is required to ensure that its geometry and dimensional accuracy meet design requirements.

[0003] Array machining is a repetition of the machining process of individual units, and its machining quality is greatly affected by machining parameters. Among these, cutting force and cutting temperature are important measurements reflecting the machining state of porous solid structures and require further research. The magnitude of the cutting force affects the cutting stability, cutting quality, and machining efficiency; the cutting temperature affects the cutting stability, cutting quality, and tool life. Therefore, cutting force and cutting temperature need to be reasonably controlled and managed to minimize their impact on machining. To measure these parameters, fixed-point observation is required, i.e., observing only the cutting force and cutting temperature within the machining area. However, in machining centers or machine tools, the cutting point changes in real time as the tool moves. Currently, there is no equipment that can keep the machining area constant, nor is there a device or method for accurately measuring cutting force and cutting temperature at fixed points. Therefore, it is essential to propose a simple, low-cost device and method for fixed-point force and temperature measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device and method for machining low-stiffness irregular parts. By moving the workpiece while keeping the tool stationary, this invention controls the stability of the cutting point relative to the detection positions of cutting force and cutting temperature, thus facilitating the acquisition of more accurate and stable measurement data.

[0005] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0006] An online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining low-stiffness irregularly shaped parts includes a machining device, a measuring device, and a motion device. The machining device includes a cutting tool, a machine tool, a spindle, and a clamping mechanism. The output end of the machine tool is connected to the cutting tool via the spindle. The workpiece is placed on the clamping mechanism for clamping. The cutting tool rotates under the drive of the machine tool spindle to perform machining on irregularly shaped rotating workpieces. The measuring device includes a force measuring device, a temperature measuring device, and an image acquisition device. The force measuring device is placed on the machine tool platform to measure the cutting force during machining. The temperature measuring device is placed on one side of the machine tool to measure the machining temperature. The image acquisition device is placed on one side of the machine tool and aligned with the machining area to observe the material removal process during machining. The motion device includes a rotary platform and a displacement platform. The rotary platform is placed on the force measuring device to support the workpiece. The displacement platform is placed on the rotary platform. The rotation of the rotary platform drives the workpiece to rotate to complete the feed motion. Through the cooperation of the rotary platform and the displacement platform, the machining area relative to the cutting tool remains constant.

[0007] The platform is programmed to rotate and move by a motion controller, which in turn drives the workpiece to rotate and move to complete the feed motion. Through the coordination of the rotation and movement of the rotary platform and the displacement platform, the machining area remains constant relative to the tool.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes an internal expansion clamping device, on which the workpiece is placed to achieve internal expansion clamping.

[0009] Furthermore, the low-stiffness irregular parts to be processed include hexagonal hole grid workpieces, triangular hole grid workpieces, and irregular rotating workpieces.

[0010] Furthermore, the image acquisition device includes a high-speed camera.

[0011] Furthermore, the force measuring device includes a force measuring instrument.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature measuring device includes a thermal imager.

[0013] Furthermore, the motion device includes a rotary platform, a displacement platform, and a platform motion controller, wherein the platform motion controller controls the motion of the rotary platform and the displacement platform through programming.

[0014] This invention also discloses an online measurement and testing method for force, heat, and deformation during the machining of the aforementioned low-stiffness irregularly shaped parts, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Set the experimental parameters according to the processing requirements and determine the entry and exit points of the tool;

[0016] S2. Turn on the force measuring device and temperature measuring device, which are used to measure the cutting force and processing temperature during the processing, and turn on the image acquisition device, which is used to observe the material removal process.

[0017] S3. Turn on the machine tool spindle power to make the grinding wheel rotate and cut into the workpiece. After cutting in, the position of the grinding wheel remains unchanged.

[0018] S4. Turn on the power of the platform motion controller. According to the program settings, the platform drives the weak rigidity irregular part to rotate or move so that the grinding wheel removes the material. During this process, the cutting point position remains unchanged. By measuring the cutting temperature at fixed points, the temperature distribution of the processing area can be understood, accurate real-time temperature data can be obtained, and corresponding measures can be taken to control the processing temperature.

[0019] After processing is completed, turn off the power to the machine tool and the platform motion controller, retain the data and images from the force measuring device, temperature measuring device and image acquisition device, and then turn off the power.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. This invention keeps the tool position unchanged and solves the problem of constantly changing cutting points during machining by combining the movement of the rotary platform and the displacement platform. The cutting force in the machining area can be measured throughout the entire process using this device and method, and the obtained data can be used directly without processing, which is something that existing similar machining methods cannot do.

[0022] 2. The data obtained by this device and method have significant reference value. By measuring the cutting force at specific points, the growth trend of the cutting force can be monitored, and signs of tool wear can be detected in a timely manner. Furthermore, cutting force compensation or adjustment can be performed as needed, helping to reduce the impact of the cutting force on the workpiece shape and size, and improving machining accuracy and stability. By measuring the cutting temperature at specific points, the temperature distribution in the machining area can be understood, obtaining accurate real-time temperature data. This allows for appropriate measures (such as controlling the feed rate and spindle speed) to control the machining temperature, avoiding excessively high temperatures and improving machining accuracy and stability.

[0023] 3. This device has a wide processing and measurement range. As long as a reasonable clamping device is used, it can measure workpieces with holes of any shape.

[0024] 4. The surface temperature of the grinding area can be tracked and monitored in real time using a temperature measuring instrument, thereby improving processing quality and efficiency.

[0025] 5. The device and method are simple and convenient to operate, and can be widely applied to various grinding processing applications. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the apparatus for processing hexagonal hole grid workpieces according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the apparatus for processing triangular hole grid workpieces according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagrams of hexagonal and triangular hole grid workpiece arrays;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a hexagonal and triangular hole grid workpiece that can be processed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5This is a flowchart illustrating the specific process of machining triangular hole grid workpieces according to the present invention;

[0032] The components include: 1. Hexagonal grid workpiece; 2. Triangular grid workpiece; 3. Temperature measuring instrument and high-speed camera; 4. Displacement platform; 5. Slotted pan head screw; 6. Workpiece to be processed; 7. Cutting tool; 8. Rotary platform; 9. Drive motor; 10. Hexagonal head bolt; 11. Force gauge; 12. Platform motion controller. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0038] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0039] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0040] like Figures 1-4As shown in the figure, this invention discloses an online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular-shaped parts. The device includes a machining device, a measuring device, and a motion device. The machining device includes a cutting tool, a machine tool, a spindle, and a clamping mechanism. The output end of the machine tool is connected to the cutting tool 7 via the spindle. A hexagonal hole workpiece 1 or a triangular hole workpiece 2 is placed on the clamping mechanism for clamping. The cutting tool rotates under the drive of the machine tool spindle to perform machining on irregularly shaped rotating workpieces. The measuring device includes a force measuring device, a temperature measuring device, and an image acquisition device. The force measuring device is placed on the machine tool platform and is used to measure the cutting force during machining. In this embodiment, the force measuring device is a force gauge 11. The temperature measuring device... The image acquisition device is positioned on one side of the machine tool to measure the processing temperature. It is also positioned on the side of the machine tool and aligned with the processing area to observe the material removal process. The motion device includes a rotary platform 8 and a displacement platform 4. The rotary platform is placed on top of the force measuring device to support the workpiece. The rotary platform includes a fixed part and a rotating part. The fixed part is placed on the force measuring device, and the rotating part drives the workpiece to rotate. The displacement platform is placed on the rotary platform, and the rotation of the rotary platform drives the workpiece to complete the feed motion. Through the cooperation of the rotary platform and the displacement platform, the processing area remains constant relative to the cutting tool. Both the rotary platform and the displacement platform are powered by corresponding drive motors 9. The cutting tool is a grinding wheel.

[0041] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes an internal expansion clamping device, on which the workpiece is placed to achieve internal expansion clamping. In this embodiment, the internal expansion clamping device includes several stops and wedges that match workpieces with different hole patterns. The stops are connected by a flexible structure, making the distance between each stop adjustable. The wedges can extend into the gap formed after the stops are connected. The wedges are provided with screw holes. After confirming that the tensioning force reaches the preset index, the expansion clamping device is fixed by bolts.

[0042] Furthermore, the low-stiffness irregular parts to be processed include hexagonal hole grid workpieces, triangular hole grid workpieces, and irregular rotating workpieces.

[0043] Furthermore, the image acquisition device includes a high-speed camera. Alternatively, the high-speed camera and the thermometer can be integrated into a single thermometer and high-speed camera structure.

[0044] This invention also discloses a processing method based on the above-mentioned testing device for cutting force and machining deformation of weak stiffness irregular-shaped parts, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S0. Complete the arrangement of each device and clamp the workpiece 6 to be processed. Fix the force measuring instrument and machine tool with hexagonal head bolts 10. Connect the rotary platform and displacement platform with slotted pan head screws 5.

[0046] S1. Set the experimental parameters according to the processing requirements and determine the entry and exit points of the grinding wheel;

[0047] S2. Turn on the force measuring device and temperature measuring device, which are used to measure the cutting force and processing temperature during the processing, and turn on the image acquisition device, which is used to observe the material removal process.

[0048] S3. Turn on the machine tool spindle power to make the tool rotate and cut into the workpiece, and then keep the tool position unchanged;

[0049] S4. Turn on the power to the platform motion controller, causing the platform to feed the workpiece and perform cutting. Taking a triangular rotating part as an example, assume the triangular cross-section is an equilateral triangle with a side length of m and α is 60°. Assume the workpiece's rotation center p is located at the center position and the grinding wheel is located at the origin of the coordinate system. (See attached diagram) Figure 5 As shown in (a). First, the workpiece is moved a distance m along the negative x-axis by controlling the displacement platform through programming. After machining the first edge (the dark edge indicates that machining is complete), as shown... Figure 5 As shown in (b). The workpiece is then rotated 120° clockwise using a rotary platform to reach... Figure 5 At the position shown in (c), the workpiece is further moved a distance m along the positive x-axis using a displacement platform. After machining the second edge, as shown... Figure 5 As shown in (d). The workpiece is then rotated 120° clockwise again using the central rotary platform, reaching... Figure 5 At the position shown in (e), the workpiece is then moved a distance m along the negative x-axis using a displacement platform to complete the machining of the third edge. A similar derivation can be made for other rotating parts of different shapes.

[0050] S5. During this process, by measuring the cutting temperature at fixed points, the temperature distribution in the machining area is understood, accurate real-time temperature data is obtained, and corresponding measures are taken to control the machining temperature. After machining is completed, the power supply of the machine tool and the platform motion controller are turned off, and the data and images of the force measuring device, temperature measuring device and image acquisition device are retained and the power is turned off.

[0051] The device and method proposed in this invention can not only be applied to experiments on arrayed units, but can also be directly extended to the processing experiments of workpieces with this structural feature. That is, this patent proposes a cutting force and processing deformation test device and method for weak stiffness irregular parts. By moving the workpiece and keeping the tool stationary, the stability of the cutting point relative to the cutting force and processing deformation detection position is controlled, which facilitates obtaining more accurate and stable measurement data.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weakly stiff irregularly shaped parts, characterized in that, The system includes a machining device, a measuring device, and a motion device. The machining device includes a cutting tool, a machine tool, a spindle, and a clamping mechanism. The output end of the machine tool is connected to the cutting tool via the spindle. The workpiece is placed on the clamping mechanism for clamping. The cutting tool rotates under the drive of the machine tool spindle to perform cutting machining on irregularly shaped rotating workpieces. The measuring device includes a force measuring device, a temperature measuring device, and an image acquisition device. The force measuring device is placed on the machine tool platform to measure the cutting force during machining. The temperature measuring device is placed on one side of the machine tool to measure the machining temperature. The image acquisition device is placed on one side of the machine tool and aligned with the machining area to observe the material removal process during machining. The motion device includes a rotary platform and a displacement platform. The rotary platform and displacement platform are placed on top of the force measuring device to support the workpiece. The displacement platform is placed on top of the rotary platform. The rotation of the rotary platform drives the workpiece to rotate, completing the feed motion. Through the cooperation of the rotary platform and the displacement platform, the machining area relative to the cutting tool remains constant.

2. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes an internal expansion clamping device, which is placed inside the workpiece to achieve internal expansion clamping.

3. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-stiffness irregular-shaped parts to be processed include hexagonal hole grid workpieces, triangular hole grid workpieces, and irregular rotating workpieces.

4. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The image acquisition device includes a high-speed camera.

5. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force measuring device includes a force measuring instrument.

6. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature measuring device includes a thermal imager.

7. The online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak stiffness irregular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motion device includes a rotary platform, a displacement platform, and a platform motion controller, wherein the platform motion controller controls the motion of the rotary platform and the displacement platform through programming.

8. A method of using the online force, heat, and deformation measurement and testing device for machining weak-stiffness irregular parts as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Set the experimental parameters according to the processing requirements and determine the entry and exit points of the tool; S2. Turn on the force measuring device and temperature measuring device, which are used to measure the cutting force and processing temperature during the processing, and turn on the image acquisition device, which is used to observe the material removal process. S3. Turn on the machine tool spindle power to make the tool rotate and cut into the workpiece, and then keep the tool position unchanged; S4. Turn on the power of the platform motion controller to enable the rotary platform and displacement platform to drive the workpiece to rotate or move to complete the feed motion. During this cutting process, the cutting point position remains unchanged. By measuring the cutting temperature at fixed points, the temperature distribution in the machining area can be understood, accurate real-time temperature data can be obtained, and corresponding measures can be taken to control the machining temperature. After processing is completed, turn off the power to the machine tool and the platform motion controller, retain the data and images from the force measuring device, temperature measuring device and image acquisition device, and then turn off the power.

Images