Universal stair prefabricating formwork, device and prefabricating method

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal type stair prefabricating formwork, device and prefabricating method, the formwork comprises a bottom formwork located in the middle and two sets of step side formworks, each step side formwork is composed of a step plate, a head end module and a tail end module, and the bottom formwork is detachably connected with the step plate and the head end module and fixedly or movably connected with the tail end module. According to the length of the stairway, step modules are selected from a module set comprising steps from 1 to N in modulus to be tightly spliced, and the adjacent step modules are mutually clamped and are mutually tensioned on the vertical face when being respectively connected to the bottom template. According to the universal stair prefabricating device, the head end module, the step module set and the tail end module are clamped in sequence and then are mutually tensioned and fixed on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane. The whole template is assembled by a plurality of modules which are matched with one another, so that the universality is high, and diversified size requirements can be met; and the weight is small, disassembly and assembly are convenient, the space utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile the module connection stability and the overall rigidity of the system are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of prefabricated building production, and in particular to a universal staircase prefabrication template, a universal staircase prefabrication device and a universal staircase prefabrication method. Background Art

[0002] As the industrialization of construction continues to advance, prefabricated buildings have emerged as an innovative construction model. Its core is to prefabricate some of the building's components in standardized batches in a factory, then transport them to the construction site. Construction is completed through precise lifting and connection techniques, transforming building production from a traditional "construction" model to a modern "manufacturing" model. This construction method has been likened to "building blocks," and the variety of prefabricated components involved is diverse, covering exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, composite panels, balconies, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, and other categories. Prefabricated concrete structures (PC) have become the most widely used type in the market due to their excellent performance and wide applicability, and have been widely used in many construction fields, including residential buildings, office buildings, teaching buildings, and hospital buildings.

[0003] Compared to traditional on-site construction methods, prefabricated buildings offer significant advantages in many areas. In the design phase, they enable a higher level of refinement and collaborative work, effectively improving both design quality and the overall quality of the building. Under standardized production conditions, prefabricated components achieve far greater precision than temporary, cast-in-place components. This high precision is reflected not only in the prefabricated components themselves but also in the precision of the post-cast concrete. Furthermore, prefabricated components offer significant advantages over on-site casting in terms of quality control during concrete pouring, vibration, and curing, ensuring consistent product quality. In terms of material resource utilization, prefabricated buildings can effectively reduce mold material consumption, particularly the use of wooden molds, through optimized design and production processes. On the construction site, they can significantly reduce the generation of construction waste and the use of cast-in-place concrete, thereby reducing the amount of water used for site maintenance and the amount of wastewater discharged from washing concrete tankers. From the perspective of construction efficiency, prefabricated building formwork significantly reduces reliance on manual labor. The molds used in the workshop have a high reuse rate, and the labor required for formwork assembly and disassembly is far lower than on-site cast-in-place concrete construction. Furthermore, prefabricated buildings effectively reduce on-site wet work, achieving integrated construction of the exterior envelope and main structure. Precisely due to these advantages, prefabricated buildings have received strong promotion and support from both national policy and industry development levels. In recent years, new materials and innovative processes have continuously emerged, with the widespread use of prefabricated stairs being a prime example.

[0004] With the vigorous development of prefabricated buildings, prefabricated staircases are increasingly used in residential and public buildings. However, in the production process of existing prefabricated staircase components, the current state of the art in casting formwork faces many challenges. Currently, the prefabricated staircase component casting formwork used in the prefabricated industry is relatively simple, mainly consisting of wooden formwork or steel-formed formwork. Due to the limitations of the physical properties of the wooden formwork, the production and installation of wooden formwork requires a lot of manpower, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the formwork. There is also the problem of wasting wood resources. Traditional prefabricated steel staircase formwork mostly uses welding to form the formwork. This formwork lacks adjustment functions and has a very limited scope of use. Stairs of different specifications need to be designed and produced separately, which not only results in high initial investment costs, but also low turnover efficiency during actual use.

[0005] Furthermore, the current common production method for prefabricated staircase components involves welding staircase casting formwork together to create a single piece, tailored to the specific staircase size. This production method results in poor formwork versatility, low turnover efficiency, and high production costs. While the use of prefabricated steel formwork offers certain advantages in terms of staircase molding quality and process convenience, it also presents significant drawbacks. These formworks typically consist of a lower and upper mold, with the space between them forming the staircase casting cavity, which is used for rebar binding and concrete pouring. However, the monolithic formwork is heavy and inconvenient to install. Its applicability is also limited, as the dimensions cannot be adjusted after forming, effectively meeting the production requirements of only a single staircase size. Changes to staircase dimensions or diversification require remanufacturing, significantly increasing overall production costs. Furthermore, these formworks have a low turnover rate, making them difficult to directly apply to the prefabrication of staircases of other sizes after completing production of one size, limiting their versatility.

[0006] For example, Chinese patent application number 202322623427.4 divides the staircase formwork into a universal step mold and a universal flat plate mold, creating a stair casting space between the upper and lower casting molds. This takes up a lot of space and can only cast stairs of a single size. Chinese patent application number 201620088829.6 uses steel plates and profiles to weld and create a standardized steel frame formwork based on the design parameters of the stair treads, specifically for staircases of one size.

[0007] Therefore, the current field of prefabricated staircase production technology faces key common issues. First, existing prefabricated staircases are of fixed size, requiring specialized formwork for staircases of varying lengths. This not only increases the design and production costs of the formwork but also reduces production flexibility. Second, most prefabricated staircase formwork utilizes an integrated structural design, resulting in excessive weight and difficulty in assembly and disassembly, impacting construction efficiency. Furthermore, existing prefabricated staircase formwork has a limited single-shot production capacity, typically only capable of prefabricating one staircase at a time. This results in low space utilization and makes it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale production.

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new stair prefabrication technology solution, which aims to effectively overcome the above-mentioned technical difficulties, improve the production efficiency of prefabricated stairs, reduce production costs, enhance the versatility and space utilization of templates, and promote the development of prefabricated stair production technology. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above shortcomings of traditional existing stair prefabrication technology, the present invention provides a universal stair prefabrication template, a universal stair prefabrication device, and a universal stair prefabrication method based on the device, which are highly generalizable and easy to disassemble and operate.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: in the first aspect, a universal prefabricated staircase template is provided, which is characterized by comprising: a bottom template for forming the bottom slope of the stairs, a tread for forming the stair steps, a head end module and a tail end module for sealing concrete and respectively constructing the front end and rear end of the stairs, The bottom template is detachably connected to the tread plate and the head end module, and the tail end module is fixed to the bottom template. The bottom mold plate includes two bottom mold longitudinal tubes at both ends, and a plurality of bottom mold transverse tubes vertically fixed to the bottom mold longitudinal tubes and placed horizontally. A bottom mold steel plate is welded on each of the two side elevations of the frame formed by the bottom mold longitudinal tubes and the bottom mold transverse tubes. In the 1 to N step modules constructed according to the module number N, the treads are composed of a plurality of tread modules selected according to the required length of the stairs and sequentially spliced together; the tread modules include vertical treads and horizontal treads, and adjacent tread modules are mutually snapped and detachably connected, so that the vertical treads of the previous tread module are closely connected to the horizontal treads of the next tread module. The head end module has a vertical strip head end mold protrusion that is interlocked with the adjacent step module, and a head end mold wall plate with the head end mold protrusion as the edge. The space enclosed by the head end mold wall plate, the adjacent step module, and the bottom template constitutes the first step of the prefabricated staircase. The tail module has a strip-shaped tail mold clamp connected to one side of the tail mold longitudinal tube to limit the adjacent step module. On the other side of the tail mold longitudinal tube, there is also a tail wall plate parallel to the step mold cross plate of the adjacent step module. The space enclosed by the tail wall plate and the adjacent step module constructs the tail tread of the prefabricated staircase.

[0011] Preferably, the step module also includes a step mold longitudinal tube and a step mold transverse tube. The step mold longitudinal tube is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and its length is greater than the horizontal width of the prefabricated stair treads. The step mold transverse tube forms mutually perpendicular transverse tube segment combinations corresponding to the step height and step width of the prefabricated stair treads on the horizontal plane; multiple transverse tube segment combinations on different height horizontal planes are respectively welded on multiple step mold longitudinal tubes to form a corresponding number of 7-shaped step module frames; steel plates are welded on the side of the step module frame opposite to the bottom template to form the step mold vertical plate and step mold transverse plate.

[0012] Preferably, a strip wall panel extends out from the vertical plate / horizontal plate of the stepping formwork at one end of the stepping module to form a stepping formwork bulge, and a frame-shaped cavity surrounded by the strip wall panel and the edges of the vertical plate / horizontal plate of the stepping formwork at one end thereof is used to accommodate the edges of the horizontal plate / vertical plate of the stepping formwork at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules, and makes the horizontal plate / vertical plate of the stepping formwork at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules closely connected with the extended strip wall panel to form an approximately right-angled edge.

[0013] Preferably, the strip wall panel is a single-sided rectangular wall panel, and the frame-shaped cavity is a right-angled semi-enclosed cavity; or, the strip wall panel is a right-angled long wall panel composed of two sides, and the frame-shaped cavity is a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame-shaped cavity faces the edge of the tread mold horizontal plate / tread mold vertical plate of the adjacent tread module it accommodates.

[0014] Preferably, the strip wall panels and the edges accommodated in the cavity have corresponding spherical crown convex blocks and spherical crown concave holes on their surfaces in contact with the strip wall panels, and the spherical crown convex blocks and spherical crown concave holes form an interference fit.

[0015] Preferably, the module N is 4, and the step module of the step board includes 1, 2 or 3 7-shaped, i.e., right-angled, step module frames; the step height corresponding to the vertical plate of the step formwork is between 15 and 18 cm, the step width, i.e., the depth width corresponding to the horizontal plate of the step formwork is between 25 and 30 cm, and the horizontal width of the steps corresponding to the vertical plate and the horizontal plate of the step formwork is between 125 and 150 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the head end mold module comprises three head end mold longitudinal tubes perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not on the same straight line and multiple groups of head end mold transverse tubes, each group of head end mold transverse tubes comprises three horizontally placed head end mold transverse tubes, each group of the head end mold transverse tubes is welded at different height positions of the head end mold longitudinal tubes, and an angle wedge is provided at each end of the head end mold transverse tube parallel to the bottom mold plate, so that the outer edge of each group of head end mold transverse tubes forms a triangle; the head end mold protrusion is fixedly connected to the outer side of the first head end mold transverse tube adjacent to the step module, and the first head end mold transverse tube is welded with a steel plate on the outer side between the head end mold protrusion and the head end mold longitudinal tube adjacent to the bottom mold plate to form the head end mold wall panel.

[0017] Preferably, two of the three horizontally placed head end mold transverse tubes are rectangular steel tubes arranged at right angles, and the other is placed at the hypotenuse position and its two sides are cut at oblique angles to form a triangular connection structure with the two mutually perpendicular ones through the head end mold longitudinal tube.

[0018] Preferably, the tail end module has two tail end mold longitudinal tubes that are perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not on the same straight line and multiple groups of tail end mold transverse tubes, each group of tail end mold transverse tubes includes two horizontally placed tail end mold transverse tubes, and each group of the tail end mold transverse tubes is welded at different height positions of the tail end mold longitudinal tube; a steel plate is welded on the outer side of the first tail end mold transverse tube adjacent to the step module to form the tail wall plate; the first tail end mold longitudinal tube connected to the first and second tail end mold transverse tubes extends a tail end mold clamping protrusion composed of two strip wall panels from the connecting surface of the first tail end mold longitudinal tube and the second tail end mold transverse tube, the tail end mold clamping protrusion and the outer side wall of the first tail end mold longitudinal tube form a rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame cavity faces the edge of the tread mold vertical plate of the adjacent step module it accommodates; the end of the first tail end mold transverse tube opposite to the first tail end mold longitudinal tube is cut at an oblique angle and its cross section is parallel to the bottom template, and the cross section is in contact with the bottom template.

[0019] Preferably, the cut surface is welded to the bottom template. Preferably, the other tail mold longitudinal tube, i.e., the second tail mold longitudinal tube, is a bottom mold longitudinal tube on the edge of the bottom template, or a vertical steel tube affixed to the bottom mold longitudinal tube on the edge of the bottom template can be used alone.

[0020] Preferably, the fixed connection between the tail end module and the bottom template is replaced with a flexible connection that allows the tail end module to move along the extension direction of the bottom template; the tail end module includes three longitudinal tail end mold pipes located on the vertical surface; bolts or threaded tie rods are embedded at the side edge of the bottom template at at least two different height positions, and one of the longitudinal tail end mold pipes is provided with preset through holes at two corresponding height positions. After the embedded bolts or threaded tie rods pass through the through holes, they are fixed with nuts; the longitudinal tail end mold pipes are respectively erected at three corners, and a group of transverse tail end mold pipes perpendicular to the three longitudinal tail end mold pipes are provided at multiple height positions in the tail end module. Each group of transverse tail end mold pipes includes three horizontally placed transverse tail end mold pipes; a steel plate is welded to the outside of the first transverse tail end mold pipe adjacent to the step module to form the tail wall plate; the tail end module extends from the side edge away from the bottom template to form a tail end mold convex by a strip-shaped wall plate. The tail end mold convex and the outer side wall of the side edge form a groove-shaped right-angle frame cavity surrounded by three sides and open on one side to accommodate and limit the adjacent step module.

[0021] Preferably, in the step module, the head end module and the tail end module, the strip-shaped wall plate extending out for limiting the adjacent module is one side of an angle steel or two sides of a "匚" - shaped steel pipe with one side missing. The other side of the angle steel and the other side of the "匚" - shaped steel pipe are welded to the edge of the module where they are located.

[0022] Preferably, when the edge of the module directly uses the angle steel or the "匚" - shaped steel pipe, the edge is directly welded to the transverse pipe and the vertical step mold plate / transverse step mold plate; among them, one side wall of the angle steel or the "匚" - shaped steel pipe is connected by welding.

[0023] Preferably, at the connection between the head end module and the adjacent step module, the head end mold convex block of the head end module can be replaced by a head end mold convex formed by a strip-shaped wall plate to limit the adjacent edge of the step module.

[0024] Preferably, a plurality of bottom mold clamps are provided on the upper surface of the top bottom mold transverse pipe in the bottom template; a step mold transverse clamp is provided on the upper surface of the top step mold transverse pipe of each step module in the step plate, and the step mold transverse clamp is connected to one of the bottom mold clamps through an adjustable bolt; a head end mold clamp is provided on the upper surface of the top head end mold transverse pipe of the head end module, and the head end mold clamp is connected to one of the bottom mold clamps through an adjustable bolt; the adjustable bolt sequentially includes a pull ring, a first screw segment, a threaded cylinder, a second screw segment and a hook. The first screw segment and the second screw segment are connected by a threaded cylinder with internal threads, and the threads of the first screw segment and the second screw segment connecting the threaded cylinder are threads in opposite directions; so that when the threaded cylinder is rotated in one direction, the first screw segment and the second screw segment move towards each other, and when the threaded cylinder is rotated in the other direction, the two move away from each other.

[0025] Preferably, the bottom mold clamp is made of steel bars into a rounded door frame shape.

[0026] Preferably, the bottom mold clamp, the step mold cross clamp and the head end mold clamp all adopt a door-shaped structure surrounded on three sides, and the adjustable pull bolt adopts a bolt; the bottom mold clamp adopts a bottom mold block, and the bottom mold block includes a door corner seat and a door surface groove longitudinally sectioned from a rectangular short steel pipe, and the door corner seat is open on one side in a direction perpendicular to the two side walls, and a notch for the bolt and screw to pass through is opened on the side wall on the other side, namely the door surface groove; the step mold cross clamp adopts a step mold cross clamp, and the step The mold horizontal clamping block includes a gate-type seat, a wedge block and a wedge groove. The gate-type seat is two opposite angle steel blocks. A wedge block is provided in the middle part where the two angle steel blocks are connected, i.e., on the top of the gate-type seat. The wedge block is a triangular block added on one side of the rectangular block and after the step mold horizontal clamping block is fixed on the upper surface of the step mold horizontal tube at the top of the step module, one end face of the triangular block is approximately parallel to the slotted side wall of the bottom mold clamping block; the wedge groove is a through groove opened in a direction perpendicular to the end face.

[0027] Preferably, the head end mold clamp also utilizes a tread mold horizontal clamp. The bolt is inserted through the wedge slot and the door surface slot, with one side of the bolt secured to the outer wall of one of the slots in the tread mold horizontal clamp or the bottom mold clamp. The other side of the bolt is secured to the inner wall of the other slot via a nut. Optionally, the tread mold horizontal clamp is cast or stamped.

[0028] Preferably, the bottom of the door surface groove is arc-shaped or rectangular. Preferably, the bottom mold clamp adopts a bottom mold double clamp block. The difference between the bottom mold double clamp block and the bottom mold clamp block is that two notches are opened in parallel on the side wall of the groove to allow two bolts to connect the step mold horizontal clamp blocks on both sides respectively.

[0029] Preferably, the two adjacent step modules that are buckled into each other are each provided with a step mold horizontal clamp on the top of the step mold horizontal tube on both sides close to the buckling position, and the two step mold horizontal clamps are each connected to the same bottom mold clamp through an adjustable pull bolt.

[0030] Preferably, the two adjacent tread modules that are locked together are provided with a tread mold bolt opposite to each other on the tread mold longitudinal tubes on both sides outside the locking position and adjacent to each other, and the two opposite tread mold bolts are connected by the adjustable pull bolt.

[0031] Preferably, the two opposing step module bolts can be provided at different heights, such as a pair provided at each of two heights. A bolt is also provided on the outer longitudinal tube of the head end module, which is connected and fixed to the adjacent step module via an adjustable pull bolt.

[0032] Preferably, a tread mold vertical clamp facing outward is provided at the same height on the outward-facing tread mold longitudinal tube of the tread module in the tread board. The tread mold vertical clamp is made of steel bars into a rounded door frame shape, and each of the tread mold vertical clamps is penetrated by a reinforcing bolt steel pipe for bolting.

[0033] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a universal stair prefabricated device, characterized in that it includes a combination of components in the above-mentioned universal stair prefabricated template, as well as: a side sealing template for sealing concrete and constructing one side end of the stair treads, and a triangular bracket group for supporting the universal stair prefabricated template; the combination of components in the universal stair prefabricated template includes an intermediate bottom template, and two modules symmetrically arranged on both sides and opposite to each other, respectively consisting of a tread plate, a head end module and a tail end module; the side sealing template includes a side sealing template bottom plate with a side sealing template horizontal tube along the direction of the prefabricated staircase and a side sealing template vertical tube perpendicular to it as a frame; on both sides of the side sealing template horizontal tube, a plurality of side sealing template vertical tube segments are symmetrically fixed; the universal stair prefabricated template is arranged in the middle of the side sealing template bottom plate; the triangular brackets are arranged in two rows, wherein each triangular bracket is composed of a right-angle angle steel and an inclined tube connecting the two sides of the angle steel; on the side sealing template vertical tube, the bottom steel tube of the right-angle angle steel in the triangular bracket is fixed.

[0034] Preferably, the side sealing mold bottom plate is formed by concrete slabs covered with steel plates on each side, and the covered steel plates are welded and fixed to the side sealing mold horizontal tubes and side sealing mold vertical tubes in the frame to form a flat whole.

[0035] Preferably, four lifting ears are symmetrically provided on the side of the side sealing mold transverse tube to facilitate the movement of the side sealing mold plate.

[0036] Preferably, a rectangular steel pipe is provided at the bottom and the upper part where the triangular bracket is connected to the universal stair prefabricated template as a reinforcing bolt to regularize the arrangement of the step modules in the tread.

[0037] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a universal staircase prefabrication method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Initialize the structural design and manufacture the universal stair prefabricated device and the stair steel mesh according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of the tread modules are selected according to the target length of the stair to combine the first tread and the second tread; S2. Preliminary cleaning of the side sealing formwork bottom plate in the side sealing formwork, the bottom formwork for constructing the stair casting cavity in the precast formwork, the tread formwork vertical plate, the tread formwork horizontal plate in the tread, the head end formwork wall plate in the head end module, and the tail end formwork wall plate in the tail end module; S3. Arrange the tread modules of the first tread plate in sequence on one side of the middle position of the side sealing mold base. After placing the head end module, snap the tread mold protrusion formed by the strip wall panel on the first tread module adjacent to it to the head end mold protrusion; snap the tread mold protrusions on one side of the other tread modules to the edges on the opposite sides of the previous tread module in sequence; synchronously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the tread module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S4. Snap the bottom template and the tail module together with the last step module according to the opening direction of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail module clamping protrusion on the tail module; S5. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the bottom mold plate to the tread mold cross clamp on the tread module and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolt; when tightening the threaded barrel on the adjustable pull bolt in the direction of the two end modules connected, the first screw segment and the second screw segment on the adjustable pull bolt move toward each other until they are initially tightened; S6. Arrange the tread modules of the second tread plate in sequence on the other side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, and snap the bottom mold plate and the tail end module together with the last tread module in the direction of the opening of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail end mold protrusion on the tail end module; S7. Sequentially snap the step mold protrusions formed by the strip wall panels on one side of the other step modules in the second step board onto the edge of the opposite side of the next step module; place and adjust the position of the head end module so that the head end mold protrusion is snapped onto the step mold protrusion on the first step module adjacent to it; simultaneously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the step module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S8. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the same bottom mold plate in the middle to the tread mold horizontal clamp on the tread module in the second tread and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolts; preliminarily tighten the adjustable pull bolts; S9. Fine-tune the position of each module. Insert a rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt between the bottom of the triangular bracket and the first and second treads. Then, insert another rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt through the vertical clamps of each tread module of the first and second treads. S10. Final tightening of the adjustable pull bolts on the horizontal and vertical surfaces to complete the installation of the universal staircase prefabricated device; S11. After cleaning the side sealing mold bottom plate, the bottom mold steel plates on both sides of the bottom mold plate, the tread mold vertical plates, the tread mold horizontal plates, the head end mold wall plates of the head end module, and the tail end mold wall plates of the tail end module in the constructed stair casting cavity, a release agent is applied to the surfaces. S12. Arrange the tied steel mesh in the casting cavity and fix the embedded parts according to the designed position; S13, pouring concrete into the casting cavity, and vibrating it at intervals until the concrete height reaches the elevation corresponding to the horizontal width of the stair treads; S14. Vibrate the concrete, let it rest, smooth and smooth the surface, and then perform curing. S15. After the maintenance is completed, the modules are dismantled in the reverse order of installation; after the templates are removed, the stairs are hoisted to the storage location.

[0038] Preferably, in step S2, mechanical or manual cleaning is performed to remove cement slurry and concrete residues, and polishing is performed to ensure that each panel is smooth and rust-free. In step S3, the adjacent head end module and step module are simultaneously connected on the facade using adjustable pull bolts to connect the bolts on the side edges of the two.

[0039] When applying the release agent automatically or manually in step S11, apply it evenly in strips to prevent accumulation and missing coating. In step S12, the steel mesh is lifted at multiple points to prevent twisting, bending, and skewing, and to securely secure the embedded components. In step S13, concrete is evenly distributed in layers of 20 to 30 cm.

[0040] In step S14, each vibration time is 20 to 30 seconds, until the concrete stops sinking, the surface is slurry, and no bubbles appear; the concrete can be vibrated manually with a vibrating rod or vibrated with a vibrator attached to the template; after the concrete is poured, it is left to stand for one hour and then the concrete surface is polished; thereafter, it can be covered with a curing scaffold and left to stand for about two hours before being heated for curing, wherein the maximum temperature does not exceed 70°C.

[0041] Preferably, the sequential installation order of the head end module, the step module to the tail end module in steps S3 to S5 is replaced by the sequential installation order of the tail end module, the step module to the head end module in steps S6 to S7.

[0042] When the tail module is detachably connected, the first tread and the second tread can be connected and installed using a similar method, and steps S3 to S8 are replaced by: S32. Arrange the tread modules of the first tread plate in sequence on one side of the middle position of the side sealing mold base. After placing the head end module, snap the tread mold protrusion formed by the strip wall panel on the first tread module adjacent to it to the head end mold protrusion; snap the tread mold protrusions on one side of the other tread modules to the edges on the opposite sides of the previous tread module in sequence; simultaneously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the tread modules on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S42, after clamping the tail end module and the tail step module according to the opening direction of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail end mold clamping protrusion on the tail end module, the tail end module is connected to the bottom template; S52. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the bottom mold plate to the tread mold cross clamp on the tread module and the head end mold clamp on the head end module respectively through the adjustable pull bolt; when tightening the threaded barrel on the adjustable pull bolt in the direction of the two end modules connected, the first screw segment and the second screw segment on the adjustable pull bolt move toward each other until they are initially tightened; S62 , on the other side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, connect the tread modules of the second tread plate, and the head end module and the tail end module of the side according to steps S3 to S5 .

[0043] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a method for installing a universal stair prefabricated device, characterized in that it includes steps S3 to S10.

[0044] In a fifth aspect, the present invention further provides a method for disassembling and assembling a universal stair prefabricated device used in step S15 for demoulding, comprising: T1. On the first and second treads, remove the rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolts that cross the vertical clamps of the tread formwork and the rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolts between each of them and the bottom of the triangular bracket; T2. Connect the adjustable pull bolts between the rotating bottom mold clamp and the step mold horizontal clamp on the step module and the head mold clamp on the head end module, so that the first and second screw segments on the adjustable pull bolts move away from each other until the pull hooks disengage; simultaneously loosen the adjustable pull bolts on the facade of the adjacent modules; T3. On both sides of the first and second treads, respectively: move the head module outward in a direction parallel to the bottom template to release the restraint on the tread modules adjacent to the head module; then, sequentially move each tread module in the tread outward horizontally; finally, move the last tread module, which is retained by the rear mold protrusion, out along the strip wall of the rectangular frame cavity formed by the rear mold protrusion; T4. Tap the bottom formwork lightly and slowly lift the stairs upward and outward at a slight angle to the vertical direction to separate them from the bottom formwork and the side cover formwork bottom plate.

[0045] Preferably, a universal staircase prefabricated device disassembly and assembly method is used for demolding, including: the step mold clamping convex adopts a straight notch-shaped protrusion, which is composed of parallel double-sided strip wall panels to form a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides; when demolding, the head end module can be moved upward along the vertical surface first to release the limit of the step module adjacent to the head end module; then, each step module in the step board can be moved out in turn along the notch direction of the side notch-shaped protrusion.

[0046] Alternatively, the universal stair prefabricated device disassembly and assembly method used for demolding includes: if the tail end module is movably connected to the bottom template, when the step module adjacent to the head end module adopts a straight notch-shaped protrusion; when demolding it, the tail end module is first moved outward, and then the bottom template can also be moved a distance along this direction to provide space for the movement of the head end module; the head end module moves along the two long side walls of the notch of the straight notch-shaped protrusion to release the limit of the step module adjacent to the head end module, and each step module in the step board is removed in turn along the direction of the strip wall notch, until the template is disassembled when the penultimate step module is moved out.

[0047] Optionally, after the tail module is moved out first, the step module in the step board adjacent to the tail module can be moved out in the direction of the limited strip wall gap, and the step modules at the front end can be moved successively until the frontmost step module is moved out to complete the disassembly of the template.

[0048] The present invention offers the following advantages over existing technologies: The prefabricated staircase formwork is constructed separately for the end and middle steps, and the middle steps are modularly assembled into modules of varying lengths. This allows for on-site prefabrication of the step modules to meet varying staircase lengths, significantly reducing the number of specialized formwork sets required. This fundamentally improves the versatility and multi-size adaptability of the staircase formwork, while also reducing formwork design and production costs. The flexible selection of step modules of varying modules improves formwork turnover efficiency and reduces overall equipment costs. The prefabricated staircase formwork, composed of multiple modules, is significantly lighter than monolithic steel formwork, making it much easier to assemble and disassemble, reducing reliance on large machinery and minimizing safety hazards. Compared to monolithic formwork, the present invention allows for modular assembly and disassembly, eliminating the need for hoisting the entire structure or bending over to clean the internal wall of the casting cavity. The end and middle step modules of the present staircase are mutually restrained, and through multi-directional horizontal and vertical fixation, this effectively enhances the module connection stability and the overall rigidity of the formwork system, ensuring the desired prefabricated staircase finish. The stair prefabrication equipment of the present invention uses two sets of step templates on one device to share one stair bottom template, which can complete the prefabrication of two staircases at one time, improves the utilization rate of the three-dimensional space, saves workshop land, and thus can meet larger-scale production needs within the same floor area.

[0049] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as the additional concepts discussed in more detail below, provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent, may be considered part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of the claimed subject matter appearing in the disclosed embodiments may be considered part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a universal staircase prefabricated template of the present invention; Figure 2 Three-view drawing of the structure of universal staircase prefabricated template; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a universal staircase prefabricated formwork; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the step structure in a universal stair prefabricated template; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure at both ends of a universal staircase prefabricated template; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural breakdown of a universal staircase prefabricated device; Figure 7 It is a top view of a universal staircase prefabricated device; Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B They are respectively schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional structure of the treads of a universal staircase prefabricated template, i.e., the modules at both ends; Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of the connection module; Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B and Figure 10C They are schematic diagrams of the structures of another connection module; Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B They are schematic diagrams of another splicing structure of steps; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly and assembly of the universal staircase prefabricated template; Figure 13 This is another structural diagram of the tail end module; Figure 14A 、 Figure 14B They are respectively schematic diagrams of the installation of stairs prefabricated by the method of the present invention.

[0051] In the picture: 1000 universal stair prefabrication device; 100 universal stair prefabrication template; 10 precast stairs; 20 stair beams; 30 upper slabs; 40 lower slabs; 50 stair beam connectors; 101 step wall; 102 step plane; 103 first step; 104 last step; 105 embedded parts; 106 steel mesh; 201 stair beam steel bar; 1031 platform type first step; 110 step plate; 120 bottom template; 130 head end module; 140 tail end module; 150 adjustable pull bolt; 160 side sealing template; 170 triangular bracket; 180 reinforcement bolt; 111 Tread formwork vertical plate; 112 Tread formwork horizontal plate; 113 Tread formwork longitudinal tube; 114 Tread formwork horizontal tube; 115 Tread formwork vertical clamp; 116 Tread formwork horizontal clamp; 117 Tread formwork clamping protrusion; 118 Tread formwork bolt; 119 Attached vibrator; 1101 Single step module; 1102 Double step module; 1103 Three step module; 1161 Step mold horizontal clamping block; 1162 Door-type seat; 1163 Wedge splitting groove; 1164 Wedge splitting block; 1171 straight notch shaped protrusion; 1172 side notch shaped protrusion; 1173 spherical crown protrusion; 1174 spherical crown concave hole; 121 bottom mold steel plate; 122 bottom mold horizontal tube; 123 bottom mold vertical tube; 124 bottom mold clamp; 1241 bottom mold clamping block; 1242 bottom mold double clamping block; 1243 door surface groove; 1244 door corner seat; 131 head end mold protrusion; 132 corner wedge; 133 head end mold longitudinal tube; 134 head end mold transverse tube; 135 head end mold clamp; 136 head end mold wall plate; 141 tail end mold clamping protrusion; 142 tail wall plate; 143 tail end mold longitudinal tube; 144 tail end mold transverse tube; 151 pull ring; 152 first screw segment; 153 threaded barrel; 154 second screw segment; 155 draw hook; 1501 threaded pull rod; 1502 nut; 161 side sealing mold bottom plate; 162 side sealing mold horizontal pipe; 163 side sealing mold vertical pipe; 171 Angle steel; 172 Diagonal brace. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and solution made within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0053] In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can also fully understand the present invention without description of these details.

[0054] The present invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are simplified and not to exact proportions, and are only used for the purpose of conveniently and clearly illustrating the embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] In particular, vertical, horizontal, facade and vertical, etc. are described from the observation angle described in the context. When in different orientations, their orientations will switch relatively. This understanding should be included in the scope of protection of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention. Example

[0056] In response to the defects of existing prefabricated stair formwork such as poor versatility, heavy weight, low disassembly and assembly efficiency, and insufficient space utilization, the present invention provides a modular and adjustable prefabricated stair formwork system, namely a stair prefabrication method, which achieves multi-size adaptation, rapid disassembly and assembly, and mass production through structural optimization, thereby reducing overall costs and improving construction efficiency and resource utilization.

[0057] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a universal precast staircase formwork 100, which includes a base formwork 120 for forming the bottom slope of the stairs, a tread plate 110 for forming the stair steps, and a head module 130 and a tail module 140 for sealing concrete and respectively forming the front end of the staircase, i.e., the first tread 103, and the rear end of the staircase, i.e., the last tread 104. The base formwork 120 is detachably connected to the tread plate 110 and the head module 130, respectively, while the tail module 140 is fixedly connected to the base formwork 120.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure below, the bottom mold plate 120 includes two bottom mold longitudinal tubes 123 at both ends, and multiple bottom mold transverse tubes 122 that are vertically fixed to the bottom mold longitudinal tubes 123 and placed horizontally. A bottom mold steel plate 121 is welded on each of the vertical surfaces on both sides of the frame formed by the bottom mold longitudinal tubes 123 and the bottom mold transverse tubes 122; the figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the bottom mold plate.

[0059] In order to adapt to the prefabrication of stairs of different lengths, the present invention combines the treads into modular structures. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The upper middle picture is Figure 2 The structure after removing the bottom template 120 in the above figure, Figure 3 The lower middle figure shows the structure of the disassembled tread. Specifically, according to the module N, tread modules consisting of 1 to N steps are constructed. Without loss of generality, if the module N is 4, the tread module will include 1, 2, 3, or 4 7-shaped, or rectangular, tread module frames. When N is 4, the tread combination is more flexible; when N is smaller, 3, the number of tread module types can be reduced and the weight of the largest tread module can be limited, facilitating assembly and disassembly operations.

[0060] See also Figure 3As shown in the lower middle figure, the treads in the figure respectively use a single-step module 1101, a double-step module 1102 and three three-step modules 1103; when the staircase is prefabricated, four three-step modules 1103 of the same length can also be used to further reduce the types and number of step modules.

[0061] Each stair tread consists of a tread surface and a facade, see Figure 14A 、 Figure 14B As shown, the prefabricated staircase 10 prefabricated by the present invention includes a step wall 101 and a step plane 102 in each step. Figure 2 As shown in the upper middle figure, in order to prefabricate the steps of the staircase, a step formwork vertical plate 111 and a step formwork horizontal plate 112 are set in each step module of the step board to respectively construct the step vertical wall 101 and the step plane 102.

[0062] Recombination Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown in the middle figure, the present invention adopts a frame structure to construct the support body of the step formwork vertical plate 111 and the step formwork horizontal plate 112, so as to reduce the deadweight of the stepping plate and effectively ensure the strength of the structure. Among them, the step formwork longitudinal tubes 113 and the step formwork transverse tubes 114 that are perpendicular to each other are used to form a three-dimensional frame structure. Specifically, the step formwork longitudinal tubes 113 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, that is, they are located on the vertical plane; the step formwork transverse tubes 114 form mutually perpendicular transverse tube segment combinations corresponding to the step height, depth and width of the prefabricated stair treads on the horizontal plane, and the multiple transverse tube segment combinations on different height horizontal planes are respectively welded to the multiple step formwork longitudinal tubes 113 and form corresponding modules, that is, 1 to N 7-shaped, that is, right-angled step module frames. Combined with Figure 4 As shown, the single-step module 1101 includes two step mold longitudinal tubes 113 and two step mold transverse tubes 114, the double-step module 1102 includes four step mold longitudinal tubes 113 and four step mold transverse tubes 114, and the triple-step module 1103 includes six step mold longitudinal tubes 113 and six step mold transverse tubes 114.

[0063] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, steel plates are welded to the side of the step module frame formed by the vertical and horizontal step tubes 113 and 114 that faces the base formwork 120, forming the vertical and horizontal step formwork plates 111 and 112, respectively. The load-bearing requirements of the base formwork steel plates, the vertical and horizontal step formwork plates, can be calculated based on the concrete volume required for the precast staircase. Preferably, the thickness of these two steel plates can be selected to be 3 to 4 mm. Correspondingly, the wall thickness of the rectangular steel tubes used for the vertical and horizontal tubes can be selected to be 4 to 5 mm.

[0064] The size design of stair treads needs to comprehensively consider many factors such as safety, comfort and building space. According to experience, in general, the step depth width is usually between 25 and 30 centimeters; in residential buildings, the more common value is 26 to 28 centimeters; public buildings have a large number of users and require better comfort and safety, so the step depth width will generally take a larger value, usually between 28 and 30 centimeters. The step height is generally between 15 and 18 centimeters; the step height of residential stairs is often 16 to 17.5 centimeters; the step height of public buildings is mostly between 15 and 16 centimeters. Such a height can make people more comfortable when going up and down the stairs, and it also conforms to ergonomic principles and reduces fatigue. For this reason, the step height corresponding to the vertical plate of the step formwork in the present invention is between 15 and 18 centimeters, and the step width corresponding to the horizontal plate of the step formwork, that is, the depth width, is between 25 and 30 centimeters.

[0065] In addition, the horizontal transverse length of the step depends on the width of the stairs that are expected to be used. The width of ordinary residential stairs is usually between 80 and 120 cm to meet the needs of single or double people passing; the width of the stairs in public buildings will be designed according to factors such as the number of users and evacuation requirements, and will generally be wider, with a common range of 120 to 200 cm or even wider. Preferably, the horizontal transverse width of the steps corresponding to the vertical plates and horizontal plates of the step formwork is between 125 and 150 cm. Correspondingly, the length of the step formwork longitudinal tube 113 is greater than the horizontal transverse width of the prefabricated stair treads, and the conventional value can be 160 cm.

[0066] In order to achieve the reliability and stability of the flexible connection of the modular components of the stair prefabricated formwork, a nested structure between adjacent modules is designed. Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the head module, tail module, and adjacent tread modules also interlock and limit each other, and adjacent tread modules within the tread plate also interlock and removably connect. Specifically, the head module 130 has a vertical bar-shaped head module protrusion 131 that interlocks with the right-angled tread module protrusion of the adjacent tread module to form a fixed position. The tail module 140 has an angle steel bar-shaped tail module protrusion 141 connected to one side of the tail module longitudinal tube to limit the edge of the adjacent tread module.

[0067] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 8BAs shown, the space enclosed by the head module 130, the adjacent step modules 110, and the bottom template 120 is used to construct the first step 103 of the prefabricated staircase. The head module 130 includes three head mold longitudinal tubes 133 perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not in the same straight line, and multiple groups of head mold transverse tubes. Each group of head mold transverse tubes includes three horizontally placed head mold transverse tubes 134. Each group of head mold transverse tubes 134 is welded at different heights of the head mold longitudinal tubes 133. An angle wedge 132 is provided at each end of the head mold transverse tube 134 parallel to the bottom template 120, so that the outer edge of each group of head mold transverse tubes 134 forms a triangle.

[0068] In order to form the first step of the staircase with the end parallel to the step wall, a first end mold wall plate 136 with a first end mold protrusion 131 as an edge is provided in the first end module 130, and the wall plate plane is parallel to the step vertical template. Figure 2 Upper middle picture and Figure 14A As shown, when prefabricating the stairs, an embedded part 105 can be set in the concrete injection cavity outside the first end formwork plate 136 to serve as a mounting part for the first step.

[0069] In the triangular structure formed by the head end mold transverse tube, the head end mold protrusion 131 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the first head end mold transverse tube 134 adjacent to the step module, and the first head end mold transverse tube 134 is between the head end mold protrusion 131 and the head end mold longitudinal tube adjacent to the bottom mold plate, that is, on the outer side of the head end mold protrusion 131 facing the bottom mold plate in the triangular structure, a steel plate is welded to form the head end mold wall plate 136 parallel to the step mold vertical plate.

[0070] As a preference, see Figure 8B As shown, two of the three horizontally placed head end mold cross tubes in each group are rectangular steel tubes arranged at right angles, and the other is placed at the bevel position parallel to the bottom template and its two sides are cut at bevels to form a triangular connection structure with the two mutually perpendicular ones through the head end mold longitudinal tube.

[0071] Also combined Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 8B As shown, the space enclosed by the tail module 140 , the adjacent step modules 110 , and the bottom template 120 is used to construct the tail step 104 of the prefabricated staircase.

[0072] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 14A As shown in the figure, the bottom surface of the prefabricated staircase at the bottom should be parallel to the tread plane. To construct the last tread, its bottom surface is separated from the inclined bottom surface, see Figure 8BAs shown, a tail wall plate 142 is provided in the tail module 140 and is parallel to the tread formwork horizontal plate of the adjacent tread module. The rectangular space enclosed by the tail wall plate 142 and the adjacent tread module constitutes the tail tread of the prefabricated staircase.

[0073] Specifically, the tail module 140 has two tail mold longitudinal tubes 143 perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not on the same straight line and multiple groups of tail mold transverse tubes, each group of tail mold transverse tubes includes two horizontally placed tail mold transverse tubes 144, and each group of tail mold transverse tubes is welded at different height positions of the tail mold longitudinal tube 143; the outer side of the first tail mold transverse tube 144 adjacent to the step module is welded with a steel plate to form the tail wall plate 142. Figure 3 、 Figure 8B As shown, the first tail end mold longitudinal tube 143 connected to the first tail end mold transverse tube and the other, namely, the second tail end mold transverse tube is adjacent to the step module, and an angle steel strip tail end mold clamping protrusion 141 composed of two strip wall panels extends from the connecting surface of the first tail end mold longitudinal tube 143 and the second tail end mold transverse tube. The tail end mold clamping protrusion 141 and the outer side wall of the first tail end mold longitudinal tube form a rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame cavity faces the edge of the step mold vertical plate of the adjacent step module accommodated therein, namely, the step mold longitudinal tube.

[0074] As a preference, see Figure 2 As shown, the other end mold longitudinal tube, or the second end mold longitudinal tube, is formed from the edge of the bottom mold plate; it can also be formed from a separate vertical steel tube that abuts the bottom mold longitudinal tube on the edge of the bottom mold plate. The end of the first end mold transverse tube, away from the first end mold longitudinal tube, is cut at an angle, with the cut surface parallel to the bottom mold plate; the cut surface abuts the bottom mold plate and can be welded to the bottom mold plate to form a fixed connection.

[0075] Combine Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, in order to realize the mutual snap-fit connection between adjacent stepping modules, a strip wall panel extends out from the stepping mold vertical plate / stepping mold horizontal plate at one end of the stepping module to form a stepping mold snap-on protrusion 117. The frame-shaped cavity surrounded by the strip wall panel and the edges of the stepping mold vertical plate / stepping mold horizontal plate at one end thereof is used to accommodate the edges of the stepping mold horizontal plate / stepping mold vertical plate at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules, and makes the stepping mold horizontal plate / stepping mold vertical plate at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules closely connected with the extended strip wall panel to form an approximately right-angled edge. Figure 3 A strip wall panel extends from the left end of the horizontal plate of the first three-step module on the left side of the middle left side, and is clamped to the edge of the vertical plate of the right end of the single-step module 1101. Figure 4As shown, when the strip wall panel is a single-sided rectangular wall panel, the frame-shaped cavity is a right-angled semi-enclosed cavity. Preferably, the step mold clamping protrusion 117 is made of angle steel, one side wall of which extends out and the other side wall is welded to the step mold transverse tube 114.

[0076] See also Figure 12 As shown, when removing the mold, the head end module 130 can be moved outward in a direction parallel to the bottom template first, thereby releasing the limit of the step module adjacent to the head end module 130, and then each step module in the step board 110 can be removed in turn in a horizontal outward direction, or in any direction within the angle range of the two side walls of the accommodating cavity where the side edge of one end of the step module is located; until finally, the last step module that is clamped and limited by the tail end mold clamping protrusion 141 is moved out along the strip wall direction of the rectangular frame cavity formed by the tail end mold clamping protrusion 141, thereby realizing the disassembly of each template of the prefabricated staircase.

[0077] To achieve the detachable connection between the bottom template and the tread plate and the head end module, Figure 8A 、 8B As shown, a plurality of bottom mold clamps 124 are provided at intervals on the upper surface of the top bottom mold horizontal tube in the bottom mold plate. Simultaneously, a tread mold horizontal clamp 116 is provided on the upper surface of the top tread mold horizontal tube of each tread module in the tread plate. The tread mold horizontal clamp 116 is connected to one of the bottom mold clamps 116 via an adjustable pull bolt 150. Similarly, a head end mold clamp 135 is provided on the upper surface of the top head end mold horizontal tube of the head end module. The head end mold clamp 135 is also connected to one of the bottom mold clamps 124 via an adjustable pull bolt 150.

[0078] like Figure 9 As shown, the bottom mold clamp, the step mold cross clamp, and the head end mold clamp can all be made of steel bars into a rounded door frame shape. The adjustable pull bolt 150 includes a pull ring 151, a first screw segment 152, a threaded barrel 153, a second screw segment 154, and a hook 155 in sequence. The first screw segment 152 and the second screw segment 154 are connected by a threaded barrel 153 with a threaded inner wall. The threads connecting the first screw segment 152 and the second screw segment 154 to the threaded barrel are threads in opposite directions. When the threaded barrel is rotated in one direction, the first screw segment 152 and the second screw segment 154 move toward each other, and when the threaded barrel is rotated in the other direction, the two move away from each other.

[0079] Adjacent step modules in the tread plate are locked together to achieve mutual limitation. Different steps inside the step module are connected by horizontal and vertical steel pipes to achieve rigid connection. In order to further achieve the rigidity of the connection between adjacent step modules, bolts are further connected at this position. Figure 9As shown, the two adjacent step modules that are locked together have a step mold bolt 118 respectively arranged facing each other on the two side step mold longitudinal tubes outside the locking position and adjacent to each other, and the two facing step mold bolts 118 are connected by an adjustable pull bolt 150.

[0080] Combine Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 8A and Figure 9 As shown, in two adjacent tread modules, the tread mold protrusions and side edges of one module form abutment limits with the tread mold longitudinal tube of the other module. On the one hand, in the top horizontal direction, the tread mold horizontal clamps of the two adjacent tread modules are tightened by the bottom mold plate via a pull bolt, and tend to be pulled toward the bottom mold with the abutment position as the axis; on the other hand, on the other horizontal plane, the tread mold bolts on the tread mold longitudinal tubes of the two tread modules are also tightened against each other via a pull bolt, and tend to be pulled away from the bottom mold with the abutment position as the axis. The two tensioning forces are balanced with each other, so that the adjacent tread modules achieve a rigid connection at the splicing position through the action of mutual snapping and two detachable connections, ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0081] Preferably, the two oppositely positioned tread module studs can be provided at different heights, such as a pair provided at two heights of adjacent tread modules. Preferably, a stud is also provided on the outer longitudinal tube of the head end module, and is connected and fixed to the adjacent tread module via an adjustable pull bolt.

[0082] See also Figure 6 As shown, a vertical clamp 115 facing outward is installed at the same height on one of the outward-facing longitudinal tubes of each tread module. The clamp 115 is also made of steel bars in a rounded door frame shape, and each clamp is bolted and reinforced with a single reinforcing bolt 180 steel pipe. Each module of the precast staircase formwork of the present invention is subjected to horizontal and vertical bolt tension forces, as well as vertical abutment forces from the vertical tubes and horizontal reinforcement bolts. This multi-directional horizontal and vertical fixation effectively improves the module connection stability and the overall rigidity of the formwork system, thereby ensuring the final formability of the precast staircase.

[0083] The present invention utilizes modular combinations of stair tread modules to create staircases of varying lengths. This improves the versatility of the modules and eliminates the need to create custom prefabricated templates to meet new length requirements. Tread modules of varying modules can be combined into different prefabricated staircase templates, effectively improving turnover efficiency and reducing the overall cost of prefabricated templates. Furthermore, the use of a frame structure rather than a solid construction, with tread modules of varying modules, offers the advantages of being lightweight, flexible, lightweight, and easy to operate. Example

[0084] On the basis of Example 1, combined Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a universal stair prefabricated device 1000, which includes a combination of components in the universal stair prefabricated template as described above, as well as: a side sealing template 160 for sealing concrete and constructing one side end of the stair tread, and a triangular bracket group for supporting the universal stair prefabricated template; the combination of components in the universal stair prefabricated template includes an intermediate bottom template 120, and two modules arranged symmetrically on both sides and opposite to each other, each consisting of a tread plate 110, a head end module 130 and a tail end module 140.

[0085] The side-sealing formwork 160 comprises a horizontal tube 162 running along the direction of the precast staircase, vertical tubes 163 perpendicular to the horizontal tubes 162, and a side-sealing formwork base plate 161 welded to the top surface of the frame, formed by the horizontal tubes 162 and vertical tubes 163. Multiple vertical tubes 161 are symmetrically attached to each side of the horizontal tube 162. The universal precast staircase formwork is positioned in the center of the side-sealing formwork base plate 161. During the pouring of concrete for the staircases, the surface of the side-sealing formwork base plate 161 forms one of the side end faces of each of the two precast staircases on either side of the bottom formwork. The other side face of each of the two precast staircases is formed on the upward side of the concrete formed in the space between the bottom formwork, the head module, the treads, and the tail module.

[0086] like Figure 14A As shown, the prefabricated staircase 10 of the present invention is fixed at one end to a high-end plate 30 and at the other end to a low-end plate 40 during installation. The high-end plate 30 and low-end plate 40 are relative terms: the low-end plate of one prefabricated staircase also serves as the high-end plate of another prefabricated staircase installed below. The high-end and low-end plates can be floor slabs or resting platforms between floors.

[0087] Without loss of generality, Figure 14A As shown, the prefabricated staircase 10 has a bottom plate of the first end step directly abutting against the stair beam 20 of the mounting platform. The prefabricated staircase 10 of this structure has an embedded part 105 such as a bolt or a screw provided in the first end step. The embedded part corresponds to the stair beam connector 50 in the stair beam, such as a bolt hole, and the rear end is fixed by a nut after the docking.

[0088] In the universal stair prefabrication device 1000, triangular brackets are arranged in two rows. Each triangular bracket 170 consists of a right-angle steel 171 and a diagonal tube 172 connecting the two sides of the angle steel. The bottom steel tube of the right-angle steel 171 in the triangular bracket 170 is welded to the sections of the side-enclosing formwork vertical tube 161 at both ends and in the middle, where it extends beyond the side-enclosing formwork horizontal tube 162. The arrangement of triangular brackets 170 effectively limits the tension of the lower portion of the poured concrete on the tread formwork during stair prefabrication. The vertical height of the triangular reinforcement brackets is generally half the horizontal width of the stair tread or the length of the tread formwork vertical tube, for example, 70-80 cm.

[0089] Preferably, the side sealing mold horizontal tube 162 and the side sealing mold vertical tube 163 are welded in sections into a grid-like frame, concrete is poured in the frame grid, and then steel plates are covered on one or both sides of the outer side of the formed concrete slab, and the steel plates are welded flatly in blocks on the frame steel pipes to form a whole flat side sealing mold bottom plate.

[0090] Four lifting lugs are symmetrically positioned on the sides of the side-sealing mold's horizontal tubes to facilitate movement of the side-sealing molds when necessary. Preferably, a rectangular steel pipe reinforcement bolt 180 is installed at the bottom and top of the triangular bracket where it connects to the universal staircase precast formwork. This serves as a contact medium between the triangular bracket and the precast formwork, ensuring a regular arrangement of the tread modules when arranging the treads and providing horizontal restraint for the tread formwork's vertical tubes. Furthermore, the reinforcement bolts 180 provide clearance for installation and removal of the staircase formwork.

[0091] See also Figure 7 As shown, this structure with the two sides facing each other end to end disperses the arrangement of the bottom mold clamps, so that the bottom mold clamps only need to tighten the two adjacent step modules on one side at the same position, and stagger the bottom mold clamps that tighten the step modules on different sides, thereby making the bottom mold clamps more evenly distributed and balancing the step modules on both sides.

[0092] Accordingly, based on the universal stair prefabrication device, the present invention provides a stair prefabrication method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Initialize the structural design and produce the universal stair prefabricated device and the stair steel mesh described above, wherein a plurality of the tread modules are selected according to the target length of the stair to combine the first tread and the second tread; S2. Preliminary cleaning of the side sealing formwork bottom plate in the side sealing formwork, the bottom formwork for constructing the stair casting cavity in the precast formwork, the tread formwork vertical plate, the tread formwork horizontal plate in the tread, the head end formwork wall plate in the head end module, and the tail end formwork wall plate in the tail end module; S3. Arrange the tread modules of the first tread plate in sequence on one side of the middle position of the side sealing mold base. After placing the head end module, snap the tread mold protrusion formed by the strip wall panel on the first tread module adjacent to it to the head end mold protrusion; snap the tread mold protrusions on one side of the other tread modules to the edges on the opposite sides of the previous tread module in sequence; synchronously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the tread module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S4. Snap the bottom template and the tail module together with the last step module according to the opening direction of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail module clamping protrusion on the tail module; S5. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the bottom mold plate to the tread mold cross clamp on the tread module and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolt; when tightening the threaded barrel on the adjustable pull bolt in the direction of the two end modules connected, the first screw segment and the second screw segment on the adjustable pull bolt move toward each other until they are initially tightened; S6. Arrange the tread modules of the second tread plate in sequence on the other side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, and snap the bottom mold plate and the tail end module together with the last tread module in the direction of the opening of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail end mold protrusion on the tail end module; S7. Sequentially snap the step mold protrusions formed by the strip wall panels on one side of the other step modules in the second step board onto the edge of the opposite side of the next step module; place and adjust the position of the head end module so that the head end mold protrusion is snapped onto the step mold protrusion on the first step module adjacent to it; simultaneously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the step module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S8. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the same bottom mold plate in the middle to the tread mold horizontal clamp on the tread module in the second tread and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolts; preliminarily tighten the adjustable pull bolts; S9. Fine-tune the position of each module. Insert a rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt between the bottom of the triangular bracket and the first and second treads. Then, insert another rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt through the vertical clamps of each tread module of the first and second treads. S10. Final tightening of the adjustable pull bolts on the horizontal and vertical surfaces to complete the installation of the universal staircase prefabricated device; S11. After cleaning the side sealing mold bottom plate, the bottom mold steel plates on both sides of the bottom mold plate, the tread mold vertical plates, the tread mold horizontal plates, the head end mold wall plates of the head end module, and the tail end mold wall plates of the tail end module in the constructed stair casting cavity, a release agent is applied to the surfaces. S12. Arrange the tied steel mesh in the casting cavity and fix the embedded parts according to the designed position; S13, pouring concrete into the casting cavity, and vibrating it at intervals until the concrete height reaches the elevation corresponding to the horizontal width of the stair treads; S14. Vibrate the concrete, let it rest, smooth and smooth the surface, and then perform curing. S15. After the maintenance is completed, the modules are dismantled in the reverse order of installation; after the templates are removed, the stairs are hoisted to the storage location.

[0093] Preferably, in step S3, adjacent head end modules and step modules are synchronously connected on the facade by bolts on their side edges through adjustable pull bolts.

[0094] Preferably, in step S2, mechanical or manual cleaning is adopted to remove cement slurry and concrete residues after cleaning, and polishing is performed to ensure that each panel is smooth and rust-free.

[0095] When applying the release agent automatically or manually in step S11, apply it evenly in strips to prevent accumulation and missing coating. In step S12, the rebar is lifted at multiple points to prevent twisting, bending, and skewing; embedded components must be securely fixed. In step S13, concrete is evenly distributed in layers of 20 to 30 cm.

[0096] In step S14, each vibration time is 20 to 30 seconds, until the concrete stops sinking, the surface is slurry, and no bubbles appear; the concrete can be vibrated manually with a vibrating rod or vibrated with a vibrator attached to the template; after the concrete is poured, it is left to stand for one hour and then the concrete surface is polished; thereafter, it can be covered with a curing scaffold and left to stand for about two hours before being heated for curing, wherein the maximum temperature does not exceed 70°C.

[0097] Preferably, the sequential installation order of the head end module, the step module to the tail end module in steps S3 to S5 is replaced by the sequential installation order of the tail end module, the step module to the head end module in steps S6 to S7.

[0098] The present invention also provides a method for installing a universal stair prefabricated device, characterized in that it includes steps S3 to S10.

[0099] In step S15, the universal stair prefabrication device disassembly method is used to dismantle the formwork, including: T1. On the first and second treads, remove the rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolts that cross the vertical clamps of the tread formwork and the rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolts between each of them and the bottom of the triangular bracket; T2. Connect the adjustable pull bolts between the rotating bottom mold clamp and the step mold horizontal clamp on the step module and the head mold clamp on the head end module, so that the first and second screw segments on the adjustable pull bolts move away from each other until the pull hooks disengage; simultaneously loosen the adjustable pull bolts on the facade of the adjacent modules; T3. On both sides of the first and second treads, respectively: move the head module outward in a direction parallel to the bottom template to release the restraint on the tread modules adjacent to the head module; then, sequentially move each tread module in the tread outward horizontally; finally, move the last tread module, which is retained by the rear mold protrusion, out along the strip wall of the rectangular frame cavity formed by the rear mold protrusion; T4. Tap the bottom formwork lightly and slowly lift the stairs upward and outward at a slight angle to the vertical direction to separate them from the bottom formwork and the side cover formwork bottom plate.

[0100] The stair prefabrication system of this invention utilizes two sets of tread templates, arranged facing each other and inverted end-to-end, on a common side-enclosed mold base. These two sets share a common stair base template, enabling the prefabrication of two staircases simultaneously. The overall horizontal width of the entire stair prefabrication system, including the brackets, is generally less than 1.8 meters. Compared to traditional horizontal structures, this significantly reduces floor space, improves space utilization, and enables larger-scale production within a limited area. Example

[0101] This embodiment optimizes the structure of the step module clamping protrusion at the end of the step module in the step board. Figure 11B As shown, the strip wall panel forming the locking protrusion is a single-sided strip, or rectangular, wall panel. The strip wall panel and the edge of the vertical / horizontal tread formwork plate at one end of the strip wall panel form a rectangular semi-enclosed cavity. The strip wall panel and the edge of the cavity adjacent to the strip wall panel have corresponding spherical crown protrusions and spherical crown recesses, respectively. These spherical crown protrusions and spherical crown recesses form an interference fit. This fit allows for a preliminary locking of the two, facilitating the subsequent tightening operation.

[0102] In the second structure, see Figure 11A , and combined with Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the strip wall panels that constitute the step mold convexity are rectangular long wall panels composed of two sides. The frame-shaped cavity is a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame-shaped cavity faces the edge of the step mold horizontal plate / step mold vertical plate of the adjacent step module it accommodates.

[0103] Combine Figure 3 、 Figure 11AAs shown in the left figure, on the first step module adjacent to the head end module, the straight notch shaped protrusion 1171 for accommodating the head end mold protrusion 131 in the head end template 130 is composed of parallel double-sided strip wall panels to form a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides. Figure 11A As shown in the right figure, the side-notch protrusion 1172 for accommodating the edges of other step modules is composed of an extended angle steel wall panel, and together with the side edge wall of the extended part forms a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides.

[0104] In the second structure, see Figure 12 As shown, when removing the mold, the head end module 130 can be moved upward along the vertical surface first to release the limit of the step module adjacent to the head end module 130, and then each step module in the step board 110 can be moved out in turn along the notch direction of the side notch-shaped protrusion 1172.

[0105] In addition, combined Figure 4 As shown, one end of each step module extending out of the step mold clamping protrusion 117 can also be provided with a step mold longitudinal tube, and the single step module 1101, the double step module 1102 and the triple step module 1103 include three, five and seven step mold longitudinal tubes 113 respectively.

[0106] This embodiment expands the design of the convex structure, making it more convenient to operate when assembling the prefabricated template. Example

[0107] This embodiment includes another clamp and bolt structure to connect the bottom template and the tread plate, and the adjacent tread modules in the tread plate.

[0108] Combine Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B 、 Figure 10C As shown, the bottom mold clamp, the step mold cross clamp and the head end mold clamp all adopt a gate-shaped structure surrounded on three sides, and the adjustable pull bolts connecting the clamps at both ends are connected with bolts and nuts.

[0109] like Figure 10C As shown, the bottom mold clamp adopts a bottom mold block 1241, which includes a door corner seat 1244 longitudinally cut out of a rectangular short steel tube and a door surface groove 1243 opened on its front. The door surface groove 1243 opened on the middle side wall of the door corner seat 1244 at both ends is used as a notch for the bolts and screws to pass through.

[0110] The stepping mold horizontal clamp adopts the stepping mold horizontal clamp block 1161, which includes a gate-shaped seat 1162, a wedge block 1164 and a wedge groove 1163. The gate-shaped seat 1162 is two opposite angle steel blocks, and a wedge block 1164 is set at the middle part where the two angle steel blocks are connected, that is, at the top of the gate-shaped seat. Figure 10BAs shown, the wedge block 1164 is a triangular block added to one side of the top of the rectangular wall. When the tread mold horizontal clamping block 1161 is fixed to the upper surface of the tread mold horizontal tube at the top of the tread module, the top end face of the triangular block is approximately parallel to the slotted side wall of the bottom mold clamping block, i.e., the side wall of the door groove. This allows the inner side wall of the nut of the bolt inserted through the slotted opening in the tread mold horizontal clamping block 1161 or the bottom mold clamping block 1241 to abut against the top outer side wall of the wedge groove 1163 of the bottom mold clamping block, thereby allowing the bolt to properly pull the bottom mold clamping block 1241. Generally, depending on the angle between the bottom surface of the prefabricated staircase and the horizontal plane of the tread, the angle between the slotted side wall and the top wall of the door-shaped seat is staggered to compensate for the angular difference between the horizontal tread and the inclined bottom surface of the staircase, allowing the bolt to fit into the slot. The wedge splitting groove 1163 is a through groove opened in a direction perpendicular to the outer end surface of the wedge splitting block 1164. Similarly, the head end mold clamp also adopts the structure of the step mold horizontal clamping block 1161.

[0111] Correspondingly, a bolt with a threaded pull rod 1501 is passed through the wedge groove and the door surface groove, and the side with the nut is clamped on the outer / inner wall of one of the slots on the step mold cross block or the bottom mold block, and the other side of the bolt is fixed to the inner / outer wall of the other slot through a nut 1502.

[0112] Combine Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B As shown, the door angle seat of the bottom mold block and the door-shaped seat of the step mold horizontal block both open toward one side of the bottom mold plate; preferably, the directions of these two openings can be opposite or facing different directions to facilitate the screwing of the nut. Preferably, the step mold horizontal block can be formed by casting or stamping.

[0113] Generally, the bottom of the door surface groove is arc-shaped or rectangular. Preferably, the bottom mold clamp can adopt the bottom mold double clamp block 1242. The difference between the bottom mold double clamp block and the bottom mold clamp block is that two notches are opened in parallel on the side of the groove, that is, the front wall, for two bolts to connect the tread mold horizontal clamp blocks of the treads on both sides respectively. Preferably, combined with Figure 8A As shown, two adjacent step modules that are interlocked are each provided with a step formwork horizontal clamp at the top of the step formwork horizontal tube on both sides adjacent to the interlocking position, and each of the two step formwork horizontal clamps is connected to the same base formwork clamp via an adjustable pull bolt. Preferably, a vibrator 119 is attached to the back of the step formwork horizontal plate 112 of the step module for vibrating the concrete after pouring.

[0114] This embodiment uses bolts to fix the treads, the head end module and the bottom template, providing another simple and convenient fixing operation method. Example

[0115] This embodiment includes another structure of the tail template, which is detachably and flexibly connected to the bottom template and can move along the extension direction of the bottom template; and also includes another design of the edge of the tread module.

[0116] like Figure 13 As shown, in the tail end module 140, there are three tail end mold longitudinal tubes 143, which are erected at three corners respectively. Each group of tail end mold transverse tubes at the same height position includes three horizontally placed tail end mold transverse tubes 144. Similarly, a steel plate is welded to the outside of the first tail end mold transverse tube adjacent to the step module 110 to form the tail wall plate 142. The first tail end mold longitudinal tube closest to the step module extends from a side away from the bottom template to form a tail end mold clamping protrusion 141 composed of a strip wall panel. The tail end mold clamping protrusion 141 and the outer side wall of the first tail end mold longitudinal tube form a semi-enclosed rectangular right-angle frame cavity to accommodate the side edges of the adjacent step module, i.e., the step mold longitudinal tube 113, and limit it.

[0117] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 8B As shown, bolts or threaded tie rods 1501 are embedded in the side edges of the bottom template 120 at at least two different heights. After initially positioning the adjacent tread modules, the tail module 140 is connected to the bottom template 120 by pushing the tail module 140 in the direction of the bottom template, so that the embedded bolts pass through the pre-set through-holes in the tail module longitudinal tube 143, and then secured with nuts.

[0118] Combine Figure 11A 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 As shown, for the structure in which the tail end module 140 is movably connected to the bottom template 120, when the step module adjacent to the head end module 130 adopts a straight notch-shaped protrusion 1171, when demoulding it, start from the other end and move the tail end module 140 outward first, and then the bottom template can also move a distance in this direction to provide space for the movement of the head end module 130; the head end module 130 moves along the two long side walls of the notch of the straight notch-shaped protrusion 1171 to release the limit of the step module adjacent to the head end module 130, and each step module in the tread plate 110 is moved along the Figure 13 The strip wall shown by the dotted arrow is removed until the template is dismantled when the penultimate step module is removed.

[0119] Optionally, after the tail module 140 is moved outward, the step module in the tread plate 110 adjacent to the tail module can be moved outward. Figure 13 Move out in the direction of the strip wall indicated by the solid arrow in the lower middle section, and move the step modules at the front end thereof successively until the frontmost step module is moved out to complete the disassembly of the template.

[0120] See also Figure 4, Figure 11A As shown, in the step module and the head module, the strip-shaped wall plates extending for limiting adjacent modules are one side of an angle steel or two sides of a U-shaped steel pipe with three sides surrounded and one side missing. The other side of the angle steel and the other side of the U-shaped steel pipe are welded to the edge of the module where they are located. Combining Figure 4 As shown, when the edge of the module directly uses the angle steel or the U-shaped steel pipe, the wide wall surface of the angle steel or the U-shaped steel pipe is welded to the cross pipe and the vertical plate / horizontal plate of the step mold. And for Figure 5 In the tail end module in the right figure, when its edge uses a vertical pipe, the narrow side wall surface of the protruding angle steel, that is, its side strip, is welded to the vertical pipe.

[0121] Preferably, at the connection between the head module and the adjacent step module, the head module convex block of the head module can be replaced by a head module clamping convex formed by a strip-shaped wall plate, which limits the flat adjacent edge of the step module.

[0122] When the tail end module is detachably connected, the first step plate and the second step plate can adopt a similar connection and installation method, and the steps S3 to S8 are replaced by: S32. On one side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, arrange the step modules in the first step plate in sequence. After placing the head module, use the step mold clamping convex formed by the strip-shaped wall plate on the first step module adjacent to it to buckle the head module convex block; sequentially buckle the step mold clamping convex on one side of other step modules to the edge of the opposite side of the previous step module; simultaneously, preliminarily fix the adjacent modules in the head module and the step module on the vertical plane through adjustable bolts. S42. After clamping the tail end module with the step module at the tail according to the opening direction of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail end mold clamping convex on the tail end module, connect the tail end module to the bottom template. S52. Through adjustable bolts, connect the bottom mold clamps on the bottom template to the step mold horizontal clamps on the step module and the head module clamps on the head module respectively; when screwing the threaded cylinder on the adjustable bolt in the direction of tightening the two ends of the connected modules by the adjustable bolt, make the first screw rod section and the second screw rod section on the adjustable bolt move towards each other until they are preliminarily tightened. S62. On the other side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, connect each step module of the second step plate, and the head module and the tail end module on this side according to the steps S3 to S5.

[0123] [[ID=​​​​​​​​​As shown, different from Figure 14A The prefabricated staircase 10 has a platform-type first tread 1031 at its head. This type of staircase structure eliminates the need for embedded components in the first tread. Similar to the tail tread, the platform-type first tread 1031 is directly attached to the stair beam 20. The stair beam 20 is cast using horizontal and vertical stair beam reinforcement 201. During stair prefabrication, a steel mesh 106 is placed in the concrete pouring space formed by the bottom formwork and the tread. The steel mesh 106 is bent close to the front end wall of the platform-type first tread 1031.

[0126] Combine Figure 14B and Figure 5 As shown, to construct the platform-type first step 1031, the corresponding head-end formwork panel must extend beyond the bottom formwork plane, similar to the tail-end formwork, to create a rectangular space. The head-end formwork panel consists of three surfaces, the innermost of which is parallel to the vertical formwork of the step. A recessed depression is formed perpendicular to this surface, parallel to the horizontal formwork of the step, to form the extended platform portion.

[0127] This embodiment prefabricates another stair configuration, thereby providing another stair installation method.

[0128] In addition, although the embodiments are described and illustrated separately above, some common technologies are involved. It is the opinion of ordinary technicians in this field that they can be replaced and integrated between the embodiments. For content that is not clearly recorded in one of the embodiments, reference can be made to another recorded embodiment.

[0129] The above-described embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this technical solution. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above-described embodiments shall be included in the scope of protection of this technical solution.

Claims

1. A universal staircase prefabricated template, characterized in that: include: The bottom formwork is used to form the bottom slope of the stairs, the treads are used to form the stair steps, and the head end module and tail end module are used to seal the concrete and construct the front and rear ends of the stairs respectively. The bottom template is detachably connected to the tread and the head end module, and the tail end module is fixed to the bottom template. The bottom mold plate includes two bottom mold longitudinal tubes at both ends, and a plurality of bottom mold transverse tubes vertically fixed to the bottom mold longitudinal tubes and placed horizontally. A bottom mold steel plate is welded on each of the two side elevations of the frame formed by the bottom mold longitudinal tubes and the bottom mold transverse tubes. In the 1 to N step modules constructed according to the module number N, the treads are composed of a plurality of tread modules selected according to the required length of the stairs and sequentially spliced together; the tread modules include vertical treads and horizontal treads, and adjacent tread modules are mutually snapped and detachably connected, so that the vertical treads of the previous tread module are closely connected to the horizontal treads of the next tread module. The head end module has a vertical strip head end mold protrusion that is interlocked with the adjacent step module, and a head end mold wall plate with the head end mold protrusion as the edge. The space enclosed by the head end mold wall plate, the adjacent step module, and the bottom template constitutes the first step of the prefabricated staircase. The tail module has a strip-shaped tail mold clamp connected to one side of the tail mold longitudinal tube to limit the adjacent step module. On the other side of the tail mold longitudinal tube, there is also a tail wall plate parallel to the step mold cross plate of the adjacent step module. The space enclosed by the tail wall plate and the adjacent step module constructs the tail tread of the prefabricated staircase.

2. A universal staircase prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tread module also includes a tread mold longitudinal tube and a tread mold transverse tube. The tread mold longitudinal tube is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and its length is greater than the horizontal width of the prefabricated stair treads. The tread mold transverse tube forms mutually perpendicular transverse tube segment combinations corresponding to the step height and step width of the prefabricated stair treads on the horizontal plane; multiple transverse tube segment combinations on different height horizontal planes are respectively welded on multiple tread mold longitudinal tubes to form a corresponding number of 7-shaped tread module frames; steel plates are welded on the side of the tread module frame opposite to the bottom template to form the tread mold vertical plate and tread mold transverse plate.

3. The universal stair prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: A strip wall panel extends out from the vertical plate / horizontal plate of the stepping mold at one end of the stepping module to form a stepping mold bulge. The frame-shaped cavity surrounded by the strip wall panel and the edges of the vertical plate / horizontal plate of the stepping mold at one end is used to accommodate the edges of the horizontal plate / vertical plate of the stepping mold at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules, and makes the horizontal plate / vertical plate of the stepping mold at the opposite ends of adjacent stepping modules closely connected with the extended strip wall panel to form an approximately right-angled edge.

4. A universal staircase prefabricated formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strip wall panel is a single-sided rectangular wall panel, and the frame-shaped cavity is a right-angled semi-enclosed cavity; or, the strip wall panel is a right-angled long wall panel composed of two sides, and the frame-shaped cavity is a topless rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame-shaped cavity faces the edge of the tread mold horizontal plate / tread mold vertical plate of the adjacent tread module it accommodates.

5. The universal stair prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head end module comprises three head end mold longitudinal tubes perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not in the same straight line, and multiple groups of head end mold transverse tubes, each group of head end mold transverse tubes comprises three horizontally placed head end mold transverse tubes, each group of the head end mold transverse tubes is welded at different heights of the head end mold longitudinal tubes, and a corner wedge is provided at each end of the head end mold transverse tube parallel to the bottom mold plate, so that the outer edge of each group of the head end mold transverse tubes forms a triangle; The first end mold convex block is fixedly connected to the outside of the first end mold transverse tube adjacent to the step module, and a steel plate is welded to the outside of the first end mold transverse tube between the first end mold convex block and the first end mold longitudinal tube adjacent to the bottom template to form the first end mold wall plate.

6. The universal staircase prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail module comprises two tail mold longitudinal tubes perpendicular to the horizontal plane and not in the same straight line, and a plurality of groups of tail mold transverse tubes, each group of tail mold transverse tubes comprising two horizontally placed tail mold transverse tubes, each group of tail mold transverse tubes being welded at different heights of the tail mold longitudinal tubes; a steel plate is welded to the outer side of the first tail mold transverse tube adjacent to the step module to form the tail wall plate; A first tail mold longitudinal tube connected to the first and second tail mold transverse tubes; a tail mold clamping protrusion composed of two strip-shaped wall panels extends from the interface between the first tail mold longitudinal tube and the second tail mold transverse tube; the tail mold clamping protrusion and the outer side wall of the first tail mold longitudinal tube form a rectangular frame cavity surrounded on three sides, and the opening of the frame cavity faces the edge of the tread mold vertical plate of the adjacent tread module accommodated therein; One end of the first tail end mold horizontal tube opposite to the first tail end mold vertical tube is cut into an oblique angle and its cut surface is parallel to the bottom mold plate, and the cut surface is in contact with the bottom mold plate.

7. The universal staircase prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top bottom mold horizontal tube in the bottom mold plate is provided with a plurality of bottom mold clamps on its upper surface; the top tread mold horizontal tube of each tread module in the tread plate is provided with a tread mold horizontal clamp on its upper surface, and the tread mold horizontal clamp is connected to one of the bottom mold clamps through an adjustable pull bolt; the top head end mold horizontal tube of the head end module is provided with a head end mold clamp on its upper surface, and the head end mold clamp is connected to one of the bottom mold clamps through an adjustable pull bolt. The adjustable pull bolt includes a pull ring, a first screw segment, a threaded barrel, a second screw segment and a pull hook in sequence, wherein the first screw segment and the second screw segment are connected through a threaded barrel with threads on the inner wall, and the threads of the threaded barrel connecting the first screw segment and the second screw segment are threads in opposite directions; so that when the threaded barrel is rotated in one direction, the first screw segment and the second screw segment move toward each other, and when the threaded barrel is rotated in the other direction, the two move in opposite directions.

8. The universal staircase prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top head end mold horizontal tube of the head end module is provided with a head end mold clamp on its upper surface, and the top bottom mold horizontal tube in the bottom mold plate is provided with multiple bottom mold clamps on its upper surface; the top tread mold horizontal tube of each tread module in the tread plate is provided with a tread mold horizontal clamp on its upper surface, and the head end mold clamp and the tread mold horizontal clamp are both connected to one of the bottom mold clamps through an adjustable pull bolt; The bottom mold clamp, the step mold horizontal clamp and the head end mold clamp all adopt a gate-shaped structure surrounded on three sides, and the adjustable pull bolt adopts a bolt; The bottom mold clamp adopts a bottom mold block, which includes a door corner seat and a door surface groove longitudinally sectioned from a short rectangular steel tube. The door corner seat is open on one side in a direction perpendicular to the two side walls, and a notch for the bolts and screws to pass through is opened on the side wall on the other side, namely the door surface groove; The head end mold clamp and the step mold cross clamp both adopt the step mold cross clamp block, and the step mold cross clamp block includes a gate-type seat, a wedge block and a wedge groove. The gate-type seat is two opposite angle steel blocks, and a wedge block is provided in the middle part where the two angle steel blocks are connected. The wedge block is a triangular block added on one side of the rectangular block and after the step mold cross clamp block is fixed on the upper surface of the step mold cross tube at the top of the step module, one end face of the triangular block is approximately parallel to the slotted side wall of the bottom mold block; the wedge groove is a through groove opened in a direction perpendicular to the end face.

9. The universal stair prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two adjacent tread modules that are buckled with each other have a tread module bolt disposed oppositely on the tread module longitudinal tubes on both sides outside the buckling position and adjacent to each other, and the two opposite tread module bolts are connected by the adjustable pull bolt.

10. The universal stair prefabricated formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the outward-facing tread module longitudinal tube of the tread board, a tread module vertical clamp facing outward is also provided at the same height. The tread module vertical clamp is made of steel bars into a rounded door frame shape, and each tread module vertical clamp is penetrated by a reinforcing bolt steel pipe for bolting.

11. A universal staircase prefabrication device, characterized in that: A combination of components of a universal staircase precast formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 10, as well as: a side sealing formwork for sealing concrete and constructing one side end of the stair treads, and a triangular bracket assembly for supporting the universal staircase precast formwork; The combination of components in the universal stair prefabricated template includes a middle bottom template and two modules arranged symmetrically on both sides and opposite to each other, each consisting of a tread, a head end module and a tail end module. The side sealing template includes a side sealing template bottom plate with a side sealing template horizontal tube along the direction of the prefabricated staircase and a side sealing template vertical tube perpendicular to the side sealing template as a frame; on both sides of the side sealing template horizontal tube, multiple side sealing template vertical tube segments are symmetrically fixed; the universal staircase prefabricated template is arranged in the middle of the side sealing template bottom plate, The triangular brackets are arranged in two rows, wherein each triangular bracket is composed of a right-angle steel and an inclined tube connecting the two sides of the angle steel; the bottom steel tube of the right-angle steel in the triangular bracket is fixed to the side sealing mold vertical tube.

12. A universal staircase prefabrication method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Initialize the structural design and manufacture the universal stair prefabricated device and the stair steel mesh according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of the tread modules are selected according to the target length of the stair to combine the first tread and the second tread; S2. Preliminary cleaning of the side sealing formwork bottom plate in the side sealing formwork, the bottom formwork for constructing the stair casting cavity in the precast formwork, the tread formwork vertical plate, the tread formwork horizontal plate in the tread, the head end formwork wall plate in the head end module, and the tail end formwork wall plate in the tail end module; S3. Arrange the tread modules of the first tread plate in sequence on one side of the middle position of the side sealing mold base. After placing the head end module, snap the tread mold protrusion formed by the strip wall panel on the first tread module adjacent to it to the head end mold protrusion; snap the tread mold protrusions on one side of the other tread modules to the edges on the opposite sides of the previous tread module in sequence; synchronously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the tread module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S4. Snap the bottom template and the tail module together with the last step module according to the opening direction of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail module clamping protrusion on the tail module; S5. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the bottom mold plate to the tread mold cross clamp on the tread module and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolt; when tightening the threaded barrel on the adjustable pull bolt in the direction of the two end modules connected, the first screw segment and the second screw segment on the adjustable pull bolt move toward each other until they are initially tightened; S6. Arrange the tread modules of the second tread plate in sequence on the other side of the middle position of the side sealing mold bottom plate, and snap the bottom mold plate and the tail end module together with the last tread module in the direction of the opening of the accommodating cavity formed by the tail end mold protrusion on the tail end module; S7. Sequentially snap the step mold protrusions formed by the strip wall panels on one side of the other step modules in the second step board onto the edge of the opposite side of the next step module; place and adjust the position of the head end module so that the head end mold protrusion is snapped onto the step mold protrusion on the first step module adjacent to it; simultaneously, preliminarily fasten the head end module and the adjacent modules in the step module on the facade using adjustable pull bolts; S8. Connect the bottom mold clamp on the same bottom mold plate in the middle to the tread mold horizontal clamp on the tread module in the second tread and the head end mold clamp on the head end module through the adjustable pull bolts; preliminarily tighten the adjustable pull bolts; S9. Fine-tune the position of each module. Insert a rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt between the bottom of the triangular bracket and the first and second treads. Then, insert another rectangular steel tube reinforcement bolt through the vertical clamps of each tread module of the first and second treads. S10. Final tightening of the adjustable pull bolts on the horizontal and vertical surfaces to complete the installation of the universal staircase prefabricated device; S11. After cleaning the side sealing mold bottom plate, the bottom mold steel plates on both sides of the bottom mold plate, the tread mold vertical plates, the tread mold horizontal plates, the head end mold wall plates of the head end module, and the tail end mold wall plates of the tail end module in the constructed stair casting cavity, a release agent is applied to the surfaces. S12. Arrange the tied steel mesh in the casting cavity and fix the embedded parts according to the designed position; S13, pouring concrete into the casting cavity, and vibrating it at intervals until the concrete height reaches the elevation corresponding to the horizontal width of the stair treads; S14. Vibrate the concrete, let it rest, smooth and smooth the surface, and then perform curing. S15. After the curing is completed, the modules are disassembled in the reverse order of installation; After the formwork is removed, the stairs are hoisted into their storage location.

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