Rapid discarding device for battery of electric vehicle and emergency method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle battery fire safety, and discloses an electric vehicle battery rapid discarding device and an emergency method.The electric vehicle battery rapid discarding device comprises a chassis slot, a battery module, a battery module assembling and disassembling mechanism and a battery health monitoring and detecting system, and the chassis slot is fixedly installed with the battery module and the battery module assembling and disassembling mechanism; the battery module is composed of a plurality of mutually-arranged battery modules, a supporting piece, a rotating shaft, a gear set and a transmission belt are fixedly installed on the bottom face of the battery module assembling and disassembling mechanism, and the rotating shaft and the gear set are installed. After the vehicle is collided and fires, under the conditions that trapped persons in the vehicle cannot evacuate and the like, the battery module can be thrown out, combusted and exploded, rescuers can drag the battery module away from an accident site, safer conditions are created for rescue work, and therefore the situation that the electric vehicle is damaged, a vehicle door cannot be opened, and the safety of rescue work is improved is avoided. Therefore, the tragedy that people are injured, cannot evacuate and are trapped in the fire sea is avoided, and the safety of people and vehicles is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle battery fire safety, and in particular to an electric vehicle battery quick disposal device and an emergency method. Background Art

[0002] The main causes of electric vehicle fires include battery overcharge, overdischarge, mechanical impact, puncture, and high temperatures, with lithium-ion batteries being particularly sensitive. These fires are difficult to extinguish quickly through conventional external fire extinguishing methods because the electrochemical reactions within the battery make the fire difficult to control. Therefore, in an emergency, quickly discarding a burning battery module is an effective way to protect people and vehicles and minimize economic losses.

[0003] While traditional cooling and re-ignition prevention methods are somewhat effective in combating electric vehicle fires, they are limited when faced with the intense electrochemical combustion behavior of lithium-ion batteries. Conventional fire extinguishers often struggle to suppress fires, requiring large quantities of water for cooling. During emergency rescue and escape efforts, dry powder fire extinguishers are often combined with large amounts of water spray to reduce the fire's temperature.

[0004] After extinguishing the fire, the battery pack and surrounding area must continue to be cooled by spraying large amounts of water to slow the progression of thermal runaway. Because battery thermal runaway typically develops gradually, professional intervention before the situation worsens is crucial. If the situation deteriorates, firefighters must use a high-pressure water cannon or fire hose to continuously cool the battery with at least 3,000 liters of water until the temperature drops below 60°C (monitored using an infrared thermometer). In comparison, a typical fuel vehicle fire requires only about 500 liters of water.

[0005] As can be seen, electric vehicle firefighting procedures are relatively complex, with the primary challenge being effectively handling the power battery within the chassis. Because the power battery module is integrated with the vehicle chassis, its removal typically requires specialized equipment. During the firefighting process, the obstruction of the chassis and vehicle body makes it difficult for firefighters to effectively address the battery module directly. Furthermore, once a battery fire begins, it appears unstoppable and poses the risk of explosion, further complicating firefighting efforts.

[0006] Given the above situation, it is particularly important to design a practical and easy-to-use electric vehicle battery rapid disposal device and emergency method. This device and method aims to improve the safety of electric vehicles in emergency situations, reduce casualties and economic losses, and provide strong support for the healthy development of the electric vehicle industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle battery quick disposal device and an emergency method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device and emergency method for quickly discarding batteries of electric vehicles, comprising: an electric vehicle chassis, a chassis slot, a battery module, a battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism, and a battery health monitoring and early warning control system, wherein the chassis slot is fixedly mounted to the battery module and the battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism, the battery module is composed of a plurality of battery modules that are mutually connected, and a support plate, a rotating shaft, a gear set, and a transmission belt are fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism; Among them, the rotating shaft gear set is installed and connected to the transmission belt for synchronous rotation, which is used for fast loading and unloading or throwing of battery modules.

[0009] Battery health monitoring and early warning control system: including monitoring and detection units such as CO / CO2 / H2 gas detectors, infrared monitors and voltage monitors, temperature sensors, as well as data acquisition and processing units, health status assessment units, early warning and alarm units, user interface and interaction units.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the chassis slots are arranged in several groups, all distributed in the middle of the tram chassis, and each slot has a depth of 20-25 cm, a length of 1.05 m-1.55 m, and a width of 0.7-1.1 m.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the battery module has a length of 1m-1.5m, a width of 1m, and a thickness of 18-20cm.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the support piece is 15-20 cm long, semicircular at the end point, with a radius of 7.5 cm-10 cm and a thickness of 20 mm-30 mm. The support piece can be rotated along the axis to load and unload the battery module.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 5cm-8cm and the length is 20cm-30cm, and the rotating shaft is connected to the supporting piece by a screw.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the gear tooth tip circle diameter in the gear set is 150mm, the tooth root circle diameter is 100mm-130mm, and it fits tightly with the rotating shaft.

[0015] The monitoring and detection units in the battery health monitoring and early warning control system include gas detectors such as CO / CO2 / H2, infrared monitors, voltage monitors, and temperature sensors. They are integrated and arranged along each battery module. They can monitor the health information of each module battery. The battery voltage alarm is 0V, the temperature alarm is 60°C, and the gas sensor detects that the concentration of gases such as CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively. In addition, the battery voltage and temperature detection are indicator parameters that can quickly identify the occurrence of thermal runaway.

[0016] In addition to the above technical solutions, the present invention also includes: An emergency method for quickly discarding electric vehicle batteries includes the following steps: Step 1: When the electric vehicle is charging or driving, its onboard health monitoring system displays the following indicators of a module battery in the vehicle's power battery module: if its temperature exceeds 60°C and the temperature rise rate increases rapidly; when the gas sensor detects that the concentration of gases such as CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively; when the infrared monitoring detects smoke and flames in a part of the battery, the health monitoring system judges by combining several health indicators and then confirms that a module of the battery has thermal runaway and is about to burn and explode, and can immediately activate the alarm program to sound an alarm; Step 2: After receiving the alarm, the tram driver can immediately activate the rapid disposal system, open the loading and unloading mechanism of the control battery module, start the motor to drive all the support plates connected to the battery experiencing thermal runaway to rotate 90°-270° within 5-10 seconds. The battery module will eventually lose its support and fall to the ground under the action of gravity. The car will use the remaining power and inertia to glide to a safe distance and then stop. Step 3: After infrared monitoring detects the fall of a thermal runaway battery, that is, after the vehicle discards the burning and exploding battery, drive out to a certain safe distance and set up warning signs at a certain distance; then carefully use a foam fire extinguisher to spray foam on the battery module, and use a large amount of water to spray the surface of the battery module to cool it down.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 0. The present invention has a simple structure and uses a method in which a motor drives a transmission belt to drive a gear set to rotate synchronously, thereby ensuring quick loading and unloading of the battery pack. It is only necessary to place the bracket in the center of the battery pack and wait for the shaft to rotate for a few seconds.

[0018] 1. The present invention simplifies the process. Since the battery module and the chassis are currently connected by bolts, the automatic battery replacement vehicle that transports the replacement battery has the ability to install and uninstall nuts. After the replacement technology, this step can be omitted, reducing maintenance costs.

[0019] 2. The present invention is simple to operate and ensures safety. When a vehicle is in a dangerous situation due to a fire in the battery module while charging, parking, or in a traffic accident, if the occupants are unable to evacuate on their own due to door damage, injury, etc., they can actively throw away the burning battery module through this device. At this time, rescuers can quickly transfer the source of danger to a safe area, effectively reducing the risk of secondary explosions and creating a safe working environment for personnel rescue. This technology fundamentally avoids the human tragedy of traditional electric vehicle accidents, where the continuous burning of the battery module causes the body structure to melt, the emergency escape route to fail, and people are trapped in the fire and burned to death. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of an electric vehicle battery quick disposal device and emergency method of the present invention; Figure 2 This invention is an electric vehicle battery quick disposal device and emergency method Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the decomposition structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid disposal device and emergency method for electric vehicle batteries according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a top view of a partial structure of a rapid disposal device and emergency method for electric vehicle batteries according to the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a top view and a cross-sectional expansion structure of a partial structure of a rapid disposal device and emergency method for electric vehicle batteries according to the present invention; Figure 6 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the connection between a gear set and a transmission belt of a rapid disposal device and an emergency method for an electric vehicle battery.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Electric vehicle chassis; 10. Chassis slot; 11. Battery module; 20. Rotating shaft; 21. Support plate; 22. Gear set; 30. Transmission belt; 41. Gas detector; 42. Infrared monitor; 43. Voltage monitor; 44. Temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution: a device and an emergency method for quickly discarding batteries of electric vehicles, comprising: a tram chassis 1, a chassis slot 10, a battery module 11, and a battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism. The number of chassis slots 10 is several groups, all distributed in the middle of the tram chassis, and each slot has a depth of 20-25 cm, a length of 1.05 m-1.55 m, and a width of 0.7-1.1 m. The length of the battery module 11 is 1 m-1.5 m, a width of 1 m, and a thickness of 18-20 cm. The chassis slots 10 and the battery module 11 and the battery module assembly are disassembled and unassembled. The mechanism is fixedly installed. The battery module 11 is composed of several battery modules 11 that are mutually connected. The bottom surface of the battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism is fixedly installed with a support plate 21, a rotating shaft 20, a gear set 22, and a transmission belt 30. The support plate 21 is 15-20 cm long, semicircular at the end point, with a radius of 7.5 cm-10 cm and a thickness of 20 mm-30 mm. The support plate 21 can be rotated along the rotating shaft to perform the loading and unloading of the battery module 11. The rotating shaft 20 has a diameter of 5 cm-8 cm and a length of 20 cm-30 cm. The rotating shaft and the support plate are connected by a screw. Among them, the gear set 22 is installed on the rotating shaft 20, and the gear set 22 is connected to the transmission belt 30 for synchronous rotation, which is used for quick loading and unloading or throwing the battery module 11. The gear tooth top circle diameter in the gear set 22 is 150mm, and the tooth root circle diameter is 100mm-130mm, which is tightly fitted with the rotating shaft.

[0025] The monitoring and detection units in the battery health monitoring and early warning control system include gas detectors 41 such as CO / CO2 / H2, infrared monitors 42, voltage monitors 43, and temperature sensors 44. They are arranged in an integrated manner along each battery module and can monitor the health information of each module battery. The battery voltage alarm is 0V, the temperature alarm is 60°C, and the gas sensor detects that the concentration of gases such as CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively. In addition, the battery voltage and temperature detection are indicator parameters that can quickly identify the occurrence of thermal runaway.

[0026] An emergency method for a quick disposal device of an electric vehicle battery comprises the following steps: Step 1. If the electric vehicle is charging or driving, its on-board health monitoring system displays the following indicators of a module battery in the power battery module 11 of the vehicle: if its temperature exceeds 60°C and the temperature rise rate increases rapidly; when the gas sensor detects that the concentration of gases such as CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively; when the voltage of the module battery drops rapidly to 0V; when the infrared monitor detects smoke and flames generated in the local area of the battery, the health monitoring system judges through a combination of several health indicators, and then confirms that a module of the battery has thermal runaway and is about to explode and burn, and then starts the alarm program to alarm; if the electric vehicle is involved in a car accident and causes the battery module to have thermal runaway, or if the lithium-ion battery of the electric vehicle has thermal runaway during charging, the emergency cut-off system can be activated to eject the battery module with thermal runaway, and then drag it from the bottom of the vehicle to a certain safe distance, and then use fire-fighting equipment to extinguish the fire to ensure that it does not affect the surrounding environment and ensure the safety of people or vehicles; Step 2: After receiving the alarm, the tram driver can immediately activate the rapid disposal system, open the loading and unloading mechanism of the control battery module, and start the motor to drive all the support plates 21 connected to the battery experiencing thermal runaway to rotate 90-270 degrees within 5-10 seconds. The battery module 11 that loses its support will eventually fall to the ground under the action of gravity. The car will use the remaining power and inertia to glide to a safe distance and stop. Step 3: After infrared monitoring detects the thermal runaway battery falling, that is, after the vehicle discards the burning and exploding battery, drive out to a certain safe distance and set up a warning sign at a certain distance; then carefully use a foam fire extinguisher to spray foam on the battery module 11, and use a large amount of water to spray the surface of the battery module 11 to cool it down Working principle: Through the electronic control system, the rotating shaft 20 is driven to connect with the gear set 22, and the gear set 22 is connected to the transmission belt 30. The motor drives one rotating shaft to rotate, which drives the rotating belt to rotate, and then drives the remaining rotating shafts to rotate. The bottom of the rotating shaft is connected to the support plate 21, which fixes and discards the battery module 11 by rotating. Using multiple groups of battery modules 11, they can be discarded separately, further reducing losses. In emergency situations, such as battery combustion or a severe collision, the battery module 11 can be quickly and proactively jettisoned to avoid secondary damage from the fire and the resulting loss of the vehicle due to battery combustion. The vehicle can then utilize its remaining power or kinetic energy to coast forward a safe distance, allowing for a smooth stop and damage inspection. This emergency response significantly improves the survival rate of electric vehicles in extreme situations, preventing the complete destruction of the vehicle due to fires and other issues.

[0027] Actively jettisoning the battery module also provides a crucial technical safeguard for the safety of trapped personnel. By directly removing the battery module—the source of the fire—this method effectively addresses the time-consuming and difficult process of extinguishing an electric vehicle fire. Furthermore, it avoids the potential for further damage to the vehicle caused by traditional firefighting methods, which require large volumes of running water for extended periods. This ensures personal safety while maximizing the value of the vehicle.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick disposal device for electric vehicle batteries, characterized by: include: A tram chassis (1), a chassis slot (10), a battery module (11), and a battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism, wherein the chassis slot (10) is fixedly mounted with the battery module and the battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism, and a battery health monitoring system is provided, wherein the battery module (11) is composed of a plurality of battery modules (11) that are mutually connected, and a support plate (21), a rotating shaft (20), a gear set (22), and a transmission belt (30) are fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the battery module assembly and disassembly mechanism; The rotating shaft (20) is provided with a gear set (22), and the gear set (22) is connected to a transmission belt (30) for synchronous rotation, so as to be used for quickly loading, unloading or throwing the battery module (11); Battery health monitoring and early warning control system: The monitoring and detection units include gas detectors such as CO / CO2 / H2 (41), infrared monitors (42), voltage monitors (43), temperature sensors (44), as well as data acquisition and processing units, health status assessment units, early warning and alarm units, and user interfaces and interaction units.

2. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis slots (10) are in several groups and are distributed in the middle of the tram chassis. Each slot has a depth of 20-25 cm, a length of 1.05 m-1.55 m, and a width of 0.7-1.1 m.

3. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery module (11) has a length of 1m-1.5m, a width of 1m, and a thickness of 18-20cm.

4. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support sheet (21) is 15-20 cm long, has a semicircular shape at its end point, a radius of 7.5 cm-10 cm, and a thickness of 20 mm-30 mm. The support sheet (21) can be rotated along the rotation axis to carry out loading and unloading of the battery module (11).

5. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (20) has a diameter of 5 cm to 8 cm and a length of 20 cm to 30 cm, and is connected to the supporting piece via a screw.

6. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gears in the gear set (22) have a top diameter of 150 mm and a root diameter of 100 mm to 130 mm, and are tightly fitted with the rotating shaft.

7. The electric vehicle battery quick disposal device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring and detection units in the battery health monitoring and early warning control system include gas detectors such as CO / CO2 / H2 (41), infrared monitors (42), voltage monitors (43), and temperature sensors (44). They are arranged in an integrated manner along each battery module and can monitor the health information of each module battery. The battery voltage alarm is 0V, the temperature alarm is 60°C, and the gas sensor detects that the concentration of gases such as CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively. In addition, the battery voltage and temperature detection are indicator parameters that can quickly lock in the occurrence of thermal runaway.

8. An emergency method for quickly discarding electric vehicle batteries, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: If the electric vehicle is in the process of charging, driving or colliding with other vehicles, the onboard health monitoring system shows the following indicators of a module battery in the vehicle's power battery module (11): if its temperature exceeds 60°C and the temperature rise rate increases rapidly; if the gas sensor detects that the concentration of CO / CO2 / H2 exceeds 100ppm / 5000ppm / 1000ppm respectively; if the voltage of the module battery drops rapidly to 0V; if the infrared monitoring detects smoke and flames in the battery, the battery health monitoring system quickly judges by combining several health indicators, first determines which battery module is in thermal runaway and about to explode and burn based on information such as voltage and temperature, and then starts the alarm program; if the electric vehicle is in a car accident and the battery module is in thermal runaway, or if the electric vehicle's lithium-ion battery is in thermal runaway during charging, the emergency cut-off system can be activated to throw out the battery module in thermal runaway, and then drag it out from the bottom of the vehicle to a certain safe distance, and then use firefighting equipment to extinguish the fire to ensure that it does not affect the surrounding environment and ensure the safety of people or vehicles; Step 2: After receiving the alarm prompt, the tram driver can immediately start the quick disposal system after confirming the alarm information again by checking the signal. The loading and unloading mechanism of the control battery module is turned on and the motor is started to drive all the support plates (21) connected to the battery with thermal runaway to rotate 90-270 degrees within 5-10 seconds. Finally, the battery module (11) loses its support and falls to the ground under the action of gravity. The car uses the remaining power and inertia to slide to a safe distance and then stops; Step 3: Observe through the infrared monitoring system whether the thermal runaway battery has fallen. After confirming that the burning and exploding battery module has been discarded, immediately drive out to a certain safe distance and set up a warning sign at a certain distance; then carefully use a foam fire extinguisher to spray foam on the battery module (11) and use a large amount of water to spray the surface of the battery module (11) to cool it down.

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