Water control simulation and effect evaluation experiment system and experiment method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum engineering, and discloses a water control simulation and effect evaluation experiment system and experiment method capable of simulating the dynamic process of edge and bottom water and water drive fluid propulsion and the dynamic change rule of the swept area under different water control well completion modes and parameter conditions. The system comprises a fluid injection system, a gas-liquid mixer, a visual water control detection model, a sand collection and filtration system and a data acquisition and recording system. The visual water control detection model is of a transparent flat plate structure, and a flow guide partition plate is slidably connected into the visual water control detection model and used for dividing the interior of the transparent flat plate structure into a stratum simulation area used for being filled with stratum sand and a water control measure simulation area used for being filled with water control particles. A plurality of flow outlets are formed in the side wall, opposite to the flow guide partition plate and located in the water control measure simulation area, of the transparent flat plate structure, a plurality of flow inlets are formed in the other three side walls of the transparent flat plate structure, and the flow inlets in the side walls can be opened independently or jointly to simulate side water, bottom water or water drive fluid displacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of petroleum engineering, and in particular to a water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the water content of oil fields at home and abroad has gradually increased. With the deepening of exploration and development in my country, the demand for oil and gas well production has increased. Complex reservoir conditions, complex well types such as horizontal wells and multi-branch wells, and completion methods such as fracturing to increase production and fracturing to control sand have resulted in heterogeneous reservoirs, "heel-toe" effects, and high-permeability fractures, all of which easily lead to problems such as rapid formation water inrush and early water breakthrough. The rapid increase in water content and waterlogging of oil and gas wells during the production process have become increasingly serious, significantly shortening the life of oil wells, restricting the efficient development of oil and gas fields, and affecting the overall development benefits of oil fields. Currently, as one of the important completion methods, water control completion can effectively delay water breakthrough time, balance inflow profiles, improve water control effects, and extend the production cycle of oil and gas wells. Common measures include central water control, ICD / AICD water control, sand control and water control, and (intelligent) segmented diversion water control.

[0003] With the increasing requirements for oil and gas field development and the gradual increase in reservoir water content, the problems that need to be solved in water control completion are becoming more complex, especially for offshore high-water-content oil and gas fields with high production and fast flow rates. Furthermore, under increasingly complex reservoir conditions and production conditions, how to select appropriate water control technologies and design differentiated completion plans for different reservoirs and production conditions to achieve the goals of delaying water breakthrough in oil and gas wells, extending the production life of oil and gas wells, and improving reservoir recovery is of great significance. However, certain problems still exist:

[0004] (1) The current experimental equipment mainly focuses on the flow pattern of annular radial flow, conducts experiments on central pipe and ICD / AICD water control technologies, and analyzes the changing laws of their water control effects. However, the migration and advancement dynamics of edge and bottom water and water flooding fluid after water control measures are taken are still unclear, and the control mechanism of formation water is still unclear;

[0005] (2) During the simulated production process, the existing device cannot adjust the opening of the water control valve in real time. It is difficult to clearly understand the dynamic changes in the swept area and swept shape of the bottom water and water drive fluid before and after the water control measures are adjusted after the start of production, and it cannot provide reliable support for the intelligent adjustment of water control measures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to simulate the dynamic process of edge and bottom water and water drive fluid advancement and the dynamic change law of the swept area under different water control completion methods and parameter conditions, the present invention proposes a water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system and experimental method.

[0007] The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to the present invention includes: a fluid injection system for providing the liquid and gas required for the experiment; a gas-liquid mixer connected to the fluid injection system for uniformly mixing the liquid and gas; a visual water control detection model connected to the gas-liquid mixer for simulating the flow dynamics of the oil-water mixed fluid under different water control measures; a sand collection and filtration system connected to the visual water control detection model for collecting formation sand particles produced during the experiment; and a data acquisition and recording system connected to the visual water control detection model for real-time recording of flow, pressure and pressure difference data during the experiment, as well as the oil-water flow state within the visual flat-plate water control detection model. Among them, the visual water control detection model is a transparent flat plate structure, and the internal sliding connection of the transparent flat plate structure is a diversion baffle, which is used to separate the interior of the transparent flat plate structure into a formation simulation area for filling formation sand and a water control measure simulation area for filling water control particles. The transparent flat plate structure is provided with multiple outlets on the side wall opposite to the diversion baffle and located in the water control measure simulation area, and multiple inlets are formed on the other three side walls of the transparent flat plate structure. The inlets on each side wall can be opened independently or jointly to simulate edge water, bottom water or water drive fluid displacement.

[0008] Furthermore, baffles are provided between the outlets, and the baffles are arranged perpendicular to the flow guide baffles to separate the water control measure simulation area into a plurality of independent sub-simulation chambers.

[0009] Furthermore, each outlet is also equipped with a water control valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system includes three water control measure configuration modes: annular filling water control mode: the diversion baffle is in place, the formation simulation area is filled with formation sand, the water control measure simulation area is filled with water control particles, and a water control valve is set at the outlet; simple water control mode: no diversion baffle, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand, and a water control valve is set at the outlet; and no water control mode: no diversion baffle, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand, and there is no water control valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the fluid injection system includes a liquid injection pump, an air compressor and a liquid storage tank. The liquid injection pump is used to inject the liquid in the liquid storage tank into the gas-liquid mixer. The air compressor is used to provide gas and inject it into the gas-liquid mixer. There are multiple injection pumps, and each injection pump has a different pumping flow range.

[0012] Furthermore, the sand collection and filtration system includes a filter, a filter sand bag and a liquid collection tank. The filter is used to separate the produced fluid and solids. The filter sand bag is placed inside the filter to collect formation sand particles. The liquid collection tank is used to collect the filtered liquid.

[0013] Furthermore, the data acquisition and recording system includes a mass flow meter, a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a control cabinet and a host. The mass flow meter is used to measure fluid flow, the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are used to measure pressure and pressure difference, and the control cabinet and the host are used to collect and record data.

[0014] According to the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system, the following steps are included: Step 1: Connect the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system, check the air tightness, and test the pipeline friction loss; Step 2: Mix the experimental fluid or clean water with the chemical reagent and add it to the liquid storage tank, stir evenly, run the air compressor, and set the working pressure; Step 3: Compound the formation sand used in the experiment to ensure that its porosity and permeability are consistent with the target reservoir, and fill it into the visual water control detection model; Step 4: Install the water control valve, fill the water control particles and formation sand, saturate the crude oil, and record the volume of the saturated crude oil; Step 5: Set the fluid displacement, start the experiment, collect the flow rate, pressure / pressure difference parameters in real time, record the edge and bottom water, water drive fluid advancement dynamics, and crude oil production volume; Step 6: Terminate the experiment when there is no crude oil in the produced fluid, collect the produced formation sand in the filter sand bag, and use it for subsequent sand control effect analysis.

[0015] Furthermore, in step four, different displacement scenarios are simulated by the placement direction of the visual water control detection model and the selection of the inlet: edge water displacement simulation: the visual water control detection model is placed horizontally, and the inlet opposite to the outlet and one of the inlets on the other two sides are opened; bottom water displacement simulation: the model is placed vertically with the outlet at the top, and the inlet opposite to the outlet is opened; water drive fluid displacement simulation: the visual water control detection model is placed horizontally, and the inlet opposite to the outlet is opened.

[0016] Furthermore, in step five, an image recording device is used to record the advancement dynamics of the displacement fluid over time through the visualization area, which is used for the analysis of the impact mechanism of subsequent water control and completion measures on water control and production increase.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system and test method of the present invention have the following significant advantages:

[0018] 1) Comprehensive dynamic simulation capabilities: Existing technologies primarily focus on the flow patterns of annular radial flows, with insufficient research on the migration and advancement dynamics of edge and bottom water and waterflooding fluids after water control measures, as well as the mechanisms of formation water control. This invention, through a visual water control detection model, can clearly demonstrate the flow dynamics of oil-water mixed fluids under different water control measures, including the changes in swept area and swept morphology. This dynamic simulation capability facilitates a deeper understanding of water control mechanisms and optimizes water control schemes.

[0019] 2) Real-time Adjustment and Intelligent Control: Existing devices cannot adjust the opening of the water control valve in real time, making it difficult to study the dynamic changes in the fluid sweep area and morphology before and after water control measures are adjusted. The water control valve of the present invention can be flexibly adjusted to simulate different water control measures. The data acquisition system records the changes before and after the adjustment in real time. This real-time adjustment capability provides reliable data support for intelligent water control.

[0020] 3) Multi-mode water control simulation: The present invention provides three water control configuration modes (annular filling water control, simple water control, and no water control), which can simulate a variety of actual working conditions. In contrast, existing technologies can usually only simulate a single water control measure, with a limited scope of application. The multi-mode design of the present invention significantly improves the flexibility and adaptability of the experiment.

[0021] 4) High-precision data acquisition and analysis: The data acquisition systems of existing technologies are relatively simple and cannot fully record key parameters during the experiment. The data acquisition and recording system of this application is equipped with high-precision sensors that can collect flow, pressure, and pressure difference data in real time. In combination with image recording equipment, it provides comprehensive and accurate data support for water control effect analysis;

[0022] 5) Simulation of diverse experimental conditions: This application can simulate different reservoir physical properties (such as porosity and permeability) and multiple displacement scenarios (edge water, bottom water, and water-flooding fluid displacement), adapting to complex and changing geological conditions. Existing technologies are relatively limited in this regard and can usually only simulate a single or a few conditions.

[0023] 6) Flexible experimental configuration and comparative analysis: By adding baffles between the outlets, the water control simulation area is divided into multiple independent sub-simulation chambers. This allows the effects of multiple water control measures to be compared simultaneously. This design significantly improves experimental efficiency and allows researchers to quickly evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different solutions.

[0024] 7) Diversity and precise control of experimental fluids: The fluid injection system of this application supports a variety of experimental fluids (such as clean water, formation water, crude oil, and compound fluids), and can precisely control the fluid injection volume through injection pumps with different flow rates. This diversity and precise control capability are lacking in the existing technology and can better simulate actual working conditions;

[0025] 8) Visualization and recording of the experimental process: Through the visualization of the flat-plate water control detection model and image recording equipment, this application can intuitively display the fluid flow process and record the propulsion dynamics of the displacement fluid. This visualization function helps researchers more intuitively understand the mechanism of action of the water control measures;

[0026] 9) Integration and efficiency of the experimental system: This application integrates functions such as fluid injection, gas-liquid mixing, water control detection, sand collection and data acquisition into one, forming a complete experimental system. This integrated design not only improves the experimental efficiency, but also enhances the reliability and consistency of the experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the visual water control detection model shown;

[0029] Figure 3 Shown Figure 2 The structure diagram of the visual water control detection model shown in the annulus filling water control mode;

[0030] Figure 4 Shown Figure 2 The structure diagram of the visual water control detection model shown in the figure is in the simple water control mode;

[0031] Figure 5 Shown Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the visual water control detection model shown in the non-water control mode;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The structural diagram of the visual water control detection model with a baffle added is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows the structure of a water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 may include: a fluid injection system 1, used to provide the liquid and gas required for the experiment; a gas-liquid mixer 2, connected to the fluid injection system 1, used to evenly mix the liquid and gas; a visual water control detection model 3, connected to the gas-liquid mixer 2, used to simulate the flow dynamics of the oil-water mixed fluid under different water control measures; a sand collection and filtration system 4, connected to the visual water control detection model 3, used to collect the formation sand particles produced during the experiment; a data acquisition and recording system 5, connected to the visual water control detection model 3, used to record the flow, pressure and pressure difference data during the experiment in real time, as well as the oil-water flow state in the visual flat plate water control detection model 3. Figure 2As shown, the visual water control detection model 3 can be a transparent flat plate structure, and the interior of the transparent flat plate structure is slidably connected to a diversion baffle 11, which is used to separate the interior of the transparent flat plate structure into a formation simulation area 12 for filling formation sand and a water control measure simulation area 10 for filling water control particles. The transparent flat plate structure is provided with a plurality of outlets 9 on the side wall opposite to the diversion baffle 11 and located in the water control measure simulation area 10, and a plurality of inlets are formed on the other three side walls of the transparent flat plate structure (i.e., a first inlet 6 opposite to the outlet, and a second inlet 7 and a third inlet 8 located on the other two opposite side walls). The inlets on each side wall can be opened independently or jointly to simulate edge water, bottom water or water drive fluid displacement.

[0035] The working process of the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0036] Experimental preparation stage: Connect the various components of the experimental system, including the fluid injection system 1, the gas-liquid mixer 2, the visual water control detection model 3, the sand collection and filtration system 4, and the data acquisition and recording system 5. Check the air tightness of the device, test the friction loss of the pipeline, and ensure the sealing and reliability of the experimental system. Mix the experimental fluid or clean water with the chemical reagent and add it to the liquid storage tank 101, stir evenly, and make the physical and chemical properties of the configured fluid match the real fluid in the formation at a rate of >90%. Run the air compressor 103, set the working pressure, and supply the gas in the gas storage tank 104 to the gas-liquid mixer 2. According to the reservoir properties and the characteristics of the produced sand, compound the formation sand used in the experiment to ensure that its porosity and permeability are consistent with the target reservoir, and fill it into the formation simulation area 12 of the visual water control detection model 3.

[0037] Water control measures setup phase: Based on the experimental plan, select the appropriate water control measures configuration mode (see the annular filling water control mode, simple water control mode, or no water control mode for details below), install the water control valve, fill the formation sand with water control particles, and saturate the formation sand with crude oil, and record the volume of saturated crude oil.

[0038] Experimental Operation Phase: Set the fluid displacement and begin the experiment. Liquid and gas provided by the fluid injection system 1 are evenly mixed in the gas-liquid mixer 2 and then injected into the visual water control detection model 3. Within the visual water control detection model 3, the mixed fluid flows through the formation simulation area 12 and the water control measure simulation area 10, simulating the flow of oil, gas, and water under different water control measures. The data acquisition and recording system 5 collects flow, pressure, and differential pressure data in real time, and records the oil and water flow status within the visual flat-panel water control detection model 3, providing data support for subsequent analysis.

[0039] End of experiment: The experiment ends when the produced fluid no longer contains crude oil. Formation sand produced in the filter bags of sand collection and filtration system 4 is collected for subsequent sand control effectiveness analysis. Based on the collected data and recorded flow conditions, the effectiveness of different water control measures is analyzed, including the changing patterns of indicators such as sweep efficiency and recovery factor, providing a basis for optimizing water control measures and designing water control parameters.

[0040] The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the similarity principle and the seepage mechanics principle, and studies the influence of different water control measures on oil-water flow by simulating the fluid flow process in the actual oil and gas reservoir. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention integrates fluid injection, gas-liquid mixing, water control detection, sand collection and data acquisition functions, making the experimental process more comprehensive and accurate. Among them, the visual water control detection model 3 can intuitively display the flow dynamics of the oil-water mixed fluid, helping researchers understand the mechanism of action of water control measures. By setting a slidable guide baffle 11, dynamic adjustment of the filling thickness of the water control particles is achieved. By independently controlling multiple inlets, different water drive scenarios (edge water / bottom water / injected water) can be accurately simulated. By adjusting the water control valve opening, water control particle filling parameters, etc., different water control schemes can be simulated, and then its water control effect and production increase effect are analyzed. The data acquisition and recording system provides detailed data support, making the experimental results more accurate and reliable, and provides a powerful tool for the optimization of water control completion technology. Compared with the existing technology, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can more comprehensively and clearly simulate the oil-water flow dynamics after water control measures, provide more accurate data support for the optimization of water control schemes, and effectively solve the problem of insufficient understanding of water control mechanisms in the existing technology.

[0041] In such Figure 2 In the preferred embodiment shown, the effective cavity size of the visual flat-plate water control detection model 3 can be preferably 500×300×50mm, and the two side walls can be provided with slide rails 13 to allow the guide baffle 11 to move forward and backward. The slide rail length can be preferably 150mm, and the allowable movement range of the guide baffle 11 is 20-170mm from the outlet. The module pressure is preferably ≤1MPa. Figure 2 As shown, the visual flat-plate water control detection model 3 is equipped with 14 inlets and 6 outlets to realize edge / low water and water flooding fluid displacement simulation.

[0042] In such Figure 6 In the preferred embodiment shown, a baffle 18 can be added between the outlets 9. The baffle 18 is arranged perpendicular to the guide baffle 11 to separate the water control measure simulation area 12 into multiple independent sub-simulation chambers. This arrangement can achieve independent control of water control parameters for each sub-simulation chamber, facilitate the comparison of the effects of different water control measures, and further improve the accuracy and comparability of the experiment. Figure 6 As shown, the baffle 18 can be divided into 6 independent sub-simulation chambers, so that six groups of water control parameters can be compared in a single experiment.

[0043] In such Figure 4 In the preferred embodiment shown, each outlet 9 may be further provided with a water control valve 17. Installing the water control valve 17 on the outlet can flexibly adjust the fluid flow of the outlet 9, simulate different water control measures, and enhance the flexibility and diversity of the experiment.

[0044] According to the present invention, combined Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 may include three water control measure configuration modes: Figure 3 The annular filling and water control mode shown is as follows: the diversion baffle 11 is in place, the formation simulation area 12 is filled with formation sand 16, the water control measure simulation area 10 is filled with water control particles 14, and the outlet 9 is provided with a water control valve 17; Figure 4 The simple water control mode shown is: there is no guide baffle 11, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand, and a water control valve 17 is set at the outlet; and Figure 5 The non-water control mode shown: no diversion baffle 11, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand 16, and there is no water control valve 17. The annular filling mode provided by the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100 of the present embodiment can be used to simulate the synergistic effect of ICD + particle filling; the simple water control mode can be used to test the performance of the pure water control valve; and the non-water control mode provides a benchmark for effect comparison, enabling the experimental system to simulate a variety of actual working conditions, adapt to different experimental needs, and improve the applicability and practicality of the experiment.

[0045] According to the present invention, Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, the fluid injection system 1 may include a liquid injection pump 102, an air compressor 103, and a liquid storage tank 101. The liquid injection pump 102 is used to inject the liquid in the liquid storage tank 101 into the gas-liquid mixer 2, and the air compressor 103 is used to inject the gas provided by the gas storage tank 104 into the gas-liquid mixer 2. The number of liquid injection pumps 102 can be multiple, and each liquid injection pump can have a different pumping flow range. By using multiple liquid injection pumps 102 with different flow ranges, the requirements of low / high permeability reservoir simulation can be simultaneously met. At the same time, equipped with the liquid storage tank 101 and the air compressor 103, the injection amount of liquid and gas can be precisely controlled, and fluid flow under different flow and pressure conditions can be simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the effective volume of the liquid storage tank 101 is preferably 1m 3, can stir the chemical reagents in the tank to make them fully dissolved and evenly mixed with clean water or other fluids. The liquid injection pump can be divided into two specifications, with pumping flow rates of 0-10L / min and 0-50L / min respectively, and working pressure ≤6MPa. The viscosity range of the pumped fluid is preferably 0-1000mPa·s, and the solid content of the pumped fluid is ≤1ppg. The working pressure of the air compressor 103 is preferably 0-6MPa, and the exhaust volume is 0-0.8m 3 / min.

[0047] In such Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, the sand collection and filtration system 4 may include a filter 41, a filter sand bag, and a liquid collection tank 42. The filter 41 is used to separate the produced fluid and solids. The filter sand bag is placed inside the filter 41 to collect formation sand particles, and the liquid collection tank 42 is used to collect the filtered liquid. The accuracy of the filter sand bag is adapted to the formation sand particle size, and it supports replacement during the experiment to collect sand production data at different time periods. Since the experimental pressure of this process is relatively low, the filter sand bag can be replaced during the experiment to collect the sand production and sand particle size distribution at different production periods. After the liquid passes through the filter 41 and enters the liquid collection tank 42, the return water equipment is used to pump the liquid back to the liquid storage tank 101, forming a recycled use of the experimental liquid.

[0048] In such Figure 1 In the preferred embodiment shown, the data acquisition and recording system 5 may include a mass flowmeter, a gas flowmeter, a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a control cabinet, and a host computer. The mass flowmeter measures fluid flow, the pressure sensor and differential pressure sensor measure pressure and differential pressure, and the control cabinet and host computer collect and record data. The data acquisition and recording system utilizes a variety of high-precision sensors to record flow, pressure, and differential pressure data in real time during the experiment, providing reliable data support for analysis of experimental results.

[0049] Preferably, the flow meter can be a FR80 turbine flow meter or a clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter, which has low flow resistance and accurate measurement; the pressure / differential pressure sensor can be a ZHT-2300 laboratory digital pressure gauge and a 3051 differential pressure sensor, which has accurate dynamic measurement; the gas flow meter can be a YK-LLQ-30 gas rotary flow meter, and the test flow range is preferably 0.5-30m 3 The mass flowmeter can be an XE / XEM electromagnetic flowmeter with a range of 0-10m / s and an accuracy of 0.3% FS. The pressure sensor can also be a CYYZ11A pressure transmitter with a range of -0.1-10MPa and an accuracy of 0.1% FS.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method, based on the above-mentioned water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100, may include step 1: connecting the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100, checking air tightness, and testing pipeline friction loss; step 2: mixing the experimental fluid or clean water with chemical reagents and adding them to the liquid storage tank 101, stirring them evenly, running the air compressor, and setting the working pressure; step 3: compounding the formation sand used in the experiment to ensure that its porosity and permeability are consistent with the target reservoir, and filling it into the visual water control detection model 3; step 4: installing the water control valve 17, filling the water control particles 14 and the formation sand 16, saturating the oil, and recording the volume of the saturated oil; step 5: setting the fluid displacement, starting the experiment, collecting flow rate, pressure / pressure difference parameters in real time, recording the advancement dynamics of edge and bottom water and water flooding fluid, and the oil production volume; step 6: terminating the experiment when there is no oil in the produced fluid, collecting the produced formation sand in the filter sand bag for subsequent sand control effect analysis.

[0051] The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method of the embodiment of the present invention has clear steps, covering the entire process from system connection, air tightness inspection, fluid preparation, formation sand filling, water control measure setting, experimental operation to data collection, ensuring the smooth progress of the experiment and the accuracy of the results.

[0052] Specifically, in step 1, after connecting the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system 100, begin pumping clean water using an injection pump to check the airtightness of the device and confirm the correct flow direction. According to the experimental plan, test the pipeline friction loss at the required flow rate for the experiment. The impact of pipeline friction on the calculation results will be shielded during subsequent calculations and analysis. If a single experiment in the experimental plan involves multiple flow rates, pipeline friction tests should be performed in ascending order.

[0053] In step two, the experimental fluid or clean water is mixed with chemical reagents and added to the liquid storage tank. The blender is turned on to stir and the chemical reagents are evenly dissolved to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the prepared fluid are >90% consistent with those of the actual formation fluid. The air compressor is operated, the operating pressure is set, and the high-pressure gas is stored. The experimental fluid can be selected from clean water, formation water, formation crude oil, or a compound fluid. The compound fluid is formed by mixing and dissolving clean water and chemical reagents to simulate the physical and chemical properties of the formation fluid, such as viscosity and salinity. In addition to the air compressor, the gas source can be supplied by different types of high-pressure gas cylinders according to the actual reservoir conditions.

[0054] In step three, based on the reservoir properties and produced sand characteristics, the experimental formation sand is compounded using quartz sand, shale, and a binder. The particle size distribution and shale content of the compounded sand are consistent with the sand production characteristics. The porosity, permeability, and strength of the compounded sand after filling the flat-plate water control test model are consistent with the reservoir properties. During compounding, the compliance rate for parameters such as particle size distribution, uniformity coefficient, shale content, and shale composition must be ≥90%.

[0055] In step 4, the water control valve 17 settings and water control particle filling parameters are determined according to the experimental plan. The water control valve, water control ceramsite, and formation sand are installed and filled into the corresponding positions of the water control test model. The formation sand is saturated with crude oil, and the volume of saturated crude oil is recorded.

[0056] In step 4, if Figure 2 As shown, by adjusting the orientation of the visual water control detection model 3 and the selection of inlets, different displacement scenarios can be simulated: Edge water displacement simulation: The visual water control detection model 3 is placed horizontally, and the inlet opposite the outlet and one of the two inlets on the other side (i.e., the first inlet 6 and the second inlet 7, or the first inlet 6 and the third inlet 8) are opened. Bottom water displacement simulation: The model is placed vertically with the outlet at the top, and the inlet 6 opposite the outlet is opened. Water flooding fluid displacement simulation: The visual water control detection model 3 is placed horizontally, and the first inlet 6 opposite the outlet is opened. By adjusting the orientation of the visual water control detection model 3 and the selection of inlets, different displacement scenarios can be simulated, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the experiment and better simulating fluid flow under actual geological conditions. This setting can clearly clarify the water flooding swept volume, swept morphology, and the differences in the water control and production increase effects of water control measures, as well as their changing patterns, under simple water control and annular filling water control conditions.

[0057] In step 4, based on the aforementioned annular filling water control mode and simple water control mode, by changing the water control parameters such as the nozzle opening of the water control valve 17, the particle size and type of the water control particles and the filling thickness, the effects of different water control parameters on the water flooding swept volume and recovery degree can be compared and analyzed.

[0058] Furthermore, in step 4, based on the aforementioned annular filling water control mode and simple water control mode, a partition 18 is added between every two outlets 9 to divide the flat plate water control detection model into 6 inner cavities, such as Figure 5 Each inner cavity corresponds to an outlet, and different water control parameters can be set in each cavity to simulate the effects of different water control measures and parameters on the flow process and flow pattern of the displacement fluid under the same experimental conditions. The influence of different water control measures and parameters on water breakthrough time, sweep efficiency, and recovery degree, etc., is also analyzed.

[0059] Furthermore, in step 4, when adopting the aforementioned annular filling and water control mode, a filter screen 15 of appropriate precision should be added to both the diversion baffle 11 and the outlet 9 to prevent leakage of the water control particles 14. The precision of the filter screen 15 should ensure that the formation sand can pass through smoothly while blocking the water control particles 14. The specific selection should be based on the particle size of the water control particles and the formation sand.

[0060] In Step 5, the fluid displacement rate was set based on the experimental plan, and the experiment officially began. During the experiment, flow rate, pressure / differential pressure parameters were collected, and the dynamics of edge and bottom water, waterflooding fluid propulsion, and crude oil production volume were recorded. This provided an experimental and theoretical basis for subsequent optimization of water control parameters. Subsequently, based on the data collected and recorded in Steps 4 and 5, the effects of water control measures, such as sweep efficiency and recovery factor, were calculated and analyzed.

[0061] Furthermore, in step five, image recording equipment can be used to record the time-varying propulsion dynamics of the displacement fluid through the visualization area, providing intuitive image data for subsequent analysis of the impact mechanism of water control and completion measures on water control and production increase, thereby enhancing the persuasiveness of the experimental results.

[0062] Furthermore, in step five, when designing the experimental scheme, water control valves 17 with different apertures can be selected to analyze the influence of the adjustment of the water control measures on the oil-water interface.

[0063] Furthermore, in step 5, based on the visual water control detection model 3 of the embodiment of the present invention, the displacement sweep efficiency calculation method may preferably be:

[0064]

[0065] In formula (1), Ev(t) is the displacement sweep efficiency under time t, dimensionless; Vs(t) is the volume swept by the displacement fluid under time t, mm 3 ; V is the volume of the formation sand filling area, mm 3 ; As(t) and Hs(t) are the area (height) affected by the displacement fluid under time t, mm 2 , (mm); A, H are the area (height) of the formation sand filling area, mm 2 、(mm).

[0066] In formula (1), since the visual water control detection model 3 proposed in the present invention is a flat plate model and the height of the inner cavity of the model is relatively small, Hs(t) and H in the formula are substantially the same.

[0067] In step 5, based on the visual water control detection model 3 of the embodiment of the present invention, the recovery factor calculation method is preferably:

[0068]

[0069] In formula (2), ER(t) is the recovery factor at time t, dimensionless; VR(t) is the produced oil volume at time t, mL; V is the saturated oil volume of the experimental group, mL.

[0070] The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental device and experimental method of the embodiment of the present invention adopt a visualized flat-plate unidirectional flow displacement model, which can simulate the fluid flow dynamics of different water control completion measures and water control parameters under different reservoir conditions and liquid production conditions, compare and evaluate the comprehensive water control effects before and after the water control measures, and reveal the water control mechanism of different water control completion methods and their influence on the water control effect; based on the sliding adjustment tool of the experimental device, the filling thickness of the water control particles can be flexibly adjusted to simulate the water control effect and the change law of the sweep efficiency under the synergistic action of the water control valve + water control particles; based on the experimental method proposed by the experimental device, the type of water control valve and the aperture size of the water control valve can be adjusted, and the change law of water control effect evaluation indicators such as the sweep area, sweep shape and recovery degree before and after the intelligent adjustment of the water control parameters in the production process can be clarified.

[0071] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0072] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "vertical", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system, characterized in that: include: Fluid injection system, used to provide liquids and gases required for the experiment; a gas-liquid mixer, connected to the fluid injection system, for uniformly mixing liquid and gas; A visual water control detection model is connected to the gas-liquid mixer and is used to simulate the flow dynamics of the oil-water mixed fluid under different water control measures; A sand collection and filtration system, connected to the visual water control detection model, is used to collect formation sand particles produced during the experiment; The data acquisition and recording system is connected to the visual water control detection model to record the flow rate, pressure and pressure difference data during the experiment, as well as the oil and water flow status in the visual flat-panel water control detection model in real time. In which, the visual water control detection model is a transparent flat plate structure, and a guide baffle is slidably connected to the interior of the transparent flat plate structure. The guide baffle is used to separate the interior of the transparent flat plate structure into a formation simulation area for filling formation sand and a water control measure simulation area for filling water control particles. A plurality of outlets are formed on the side wall of the transparent flat plate structure opposite to the guide baffle and located in the water control measure simulation area, and a plurality of inlets are formed on the other three side walls of the transparent flat plate structure. The inlets on each side wall can be opened independently or jointly to simulate edge water, bottom water or water drive fluid displacement.

2. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Baffles are provided between the outlets and are arranged perpendicular to the flow guide baffles to separate the water control measure simulation area into a plurality of independent sub-simulation chambers.

3. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A water control valve is also installed on each of the outlets.

4. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system includes three water control measure configuration modes: Annulus filling water control mode: the diversion baffle is in place, the formation simulation area is filled with formation sand, the water control measure simulation area is filled with water control particles, and the water control valve is installed at the outlet; Simple water control mode: without the guide baffle, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand, and the water control valve is set at the outlet; as well as No water control mode: the diversion baffle is not provided, the transparent flat plate structure is completely filled with formation sand, and the water control valve is not provided.

5. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fluid injection system includes a liquid injection pump, an air compressor and a liquid storage tank. The liquid injection pump is used to inject the liquid in the liquid storage tank into the gas-liquid mixer. The air compressor is used to provide gas and inject it into the gas-liquid mixer. There are multiple injection pumps, and each injection pump has a different pumping flow range.

6. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sand collection and filtration system includes a filter, a filter sand bag and a liquid collection tank. The filter is used to separate the produced fluid and solids. The filter sand bag is placed inside the filter to collect formation sand particles. The liquid collection tank is used to collect the filtered liquid.

7. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The data acquisition and recording system includes a mass flow meter, a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a control cabinet and a host. The mass flow meter is used to measure fluid flow, the pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor are used to measure pressure and pressure difference, and the control cabinet and the host are used to collect and record data.

8. A water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method, based on the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Connect the water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental system, check the air tightness, and test the pipeline friction loss; Step 2: Mix the experimental fluid or water with the chemical reagent and add it into the liquid storage tank, stir evenly, run the air compressor, and set the working pressure; Step 3: Compound the formation sand used in the experiment to ensure that its porosity and permeability are consistent with the target reservoir, and fill it into the visual water control detection model; Step 4: Install the water control valve, fill with water control particles and formation sand, saturate with crude oil, and record the volume of saturated crude oil; Step 5: Set the fluid displacement, start the experiment, collect flow rate, pressure / pressure difference parameters in real time, record the dynamics of edge and bottom water, water flooding fluid propulsion, and crude oil production volume; Step 6: When there is no crude oil in the produced fluid, terminate the experiment and collect the produced formation sand in the filter sand bag for subsequent sand control effect analysis.

9. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, different displacement scenarios are simulated by placing the visual water control detection model in the right direction and selecting the inlet: Edge water displacement simulation: the visual water control detection model is placed horizontally, and the inlet opposite to the outflow port and one of the inlets on the other two sides are opened; Bottom water displacement simulation: the model is placed vertically so that the outlet is located at the top, and the inlet opposite to the outlet is opened; Water flooding fluid displacement simulation: the visual water control detection model is placed horizontally, and the inlet opposite to the outlet is opened.

10. The water control simulation and effect evaluation experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step five, an image recording device is used to record the advancement dynamics of the displacement fluid over time through a visual area, which is used for subsequent analysis of the impact mechanism of water control and completion measures on water control and production increase.

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