Device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, which belongs to the technical field of rock formation dip measurement. The device and method include a rotating base, a bracket mounted on the top of the rotating base, an ear shaft mounted in the middle of the bracket, the end of the ear shaft fixed to the center of the dial, a laser movably mounted on the ear shaft between the dial and the bracket, an elevation pointer connected to the laser outlet, and a compass fixedly mounted on the top of the bracket. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, which does not require contact with the measured rock formation to measure rock formation dip, reduces measurement difficulty and personal risks, has few moving parts, no sophisticated optical components and electronic sensors, is low in cost, light in weight, small in size, easy to carry, sturdy and durable, simple to operate, suitable for field surveys, suitable for various terrains, flexible in measurement station layout, and has a wide range of applicable scenarios. It only involves angle measurement and does not require distance measurement, resulting in small errors and high precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock formation occurrence measurement, and in particular to a device and method for non-contact rock formation occurrence measurement. Background Art

[0002] During field geological surveys, it is necessary to measure the attitude of the strata, including the inclination and dip of the strata. Traditionally, there are two main methods for measuring attitude: direct measurement with a geological compass and hanging line with a slope gauge (semicircle). Both methods require contact with the surface. For rock strata under complex conditions, such as cliffs, river blockages, and high-altitude structure roofs in mines, it is difficult for surveyors to directly contact and measure. Currently, there are four main types of non-contact attitude measurement methods:

[0003] 1) Laser ranging method: Using a laser rangefinder to measure the distance between three points on the layer, and then inferring the occurrence, the accuracy is relatively low.

[0004] 2) Laser point cloud method: This method uses laser point cloud data to calculate the layer formation. This method has high requirements for equipment and high investment costs.

[0005] 3) Image analysis methods: First, the layer boundaries must be analyzed and determined, and then the boundaries are used to reconstruct the 3D model of the layer. This method has strict requirements on lighting and application scenarios, and image recognition errors can have a significant impact on the results.

[0006] 4) Bedding Line Analysis Method. This method first obtains the geometric parameters of the bedding line and then calculates the bedding attitude. This method is only suitable for terrain such as mine pits and gullies and is not suitable for common geological profiles. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, which does not require contact with the rock formation being measured, reduces measurement difficulty and personal risks, has few moving parts, no precision optical components and electronic sensors, is low in cost, light in weight, small in size, easy to carry, durable, simple to operate, suitable for field surveys, suitable for various terrains, flexible in measurement station layout, and has a wide range of applicable scenarios. It only involves angle measurement and does not require distance measurement, resulting in small errors and high precision.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a device for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, comprising a rotating base, a bracket mounted on the top of the rotating base, an ear shaft mounted in the middle of the bracket, the end of the ear shaft being fixed to the center of the dial, a laser being movably mounted on the ear shaft between the dial and the bracket, an elevation pointer being connected to the laser outlet, and a compass being fixedly mounted on the top of the bracket.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Select the measuring station;

[0011] S2, measurement tendency;

[0012] S3. Measure the inclination.

[0013] Preferably, S2 specifically includes the following operations:

[0014] S2.1. Determine the basic requirements for the station location geometry;

[0015] S2.2. Arrange two measuring station locations;

[0016] S2.3, projecting laser point P;

[0017] S2.4, projecting laser point Q;

[0018] S2.5. Calculate the dip of the strata.

[0019] Preferably, in S2.2, use the station level to adjust the station rotation bracket to a horizontal state, adjust the lasers of the left and right stations L and R to be horizontal, keep the elevation angle at 0 degrees, adjust the bracket heights of the left and right stations, and rotate the lasers toward the opposite station so that the lasers can be projected onto the cross center of the opposite station. At this time, the line connecting the two stations is on the same horizontal plane, and read the compass reading of the left station L. , is the direction of baseline LR;

[0020] The specific operations of S2.3 are as follows:

[0021] The two measuring stations are in a horizontal state. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the left measuring station L and project the beam to point P on the surface. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the right measuring station R and project the beam to point P on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the compass readings of the left and right measuring stations respectively, that is, the azimuth angles of the laser beams at the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R, which are recorded as and ;

[0022] The specific operations of S2.4 are as follows:

[0023] Keep the lasers of the left and right stations level, change the azimuth of the laser at the left station L, and project the beam to a point Q on the surface. Points P and Q cannot overlap. Change the azimuth of the laser at the right station R, and also project the beam to point Q on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. Read the compass readings of the left and right stations respectively, that is, the azimuths of the laser beams pointing to the left and right stations L and R, which are recorded as and ;

[0024] The specific operations of S2.5 are as follows:

[0025] The angle between the line PL between the projected laser point P and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R can be obtained from the data measured in S2.3 and S2.4. for:

[0026] (1);

[0027] The angle between the line QL between the projected laser point Q and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R for:

[0028] (2);

[0029] The angle between the line PR between the projected laser point P and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for:

[0030] (3);

[0031] The angle between the line QR between the projected laser point Q and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for:

[0032] (4);

[0033] The baseline LR is located on the horizontal plane, and its vector is , the direction of the baseline from L to R, that is, the vector The direction is , line segment PQ is the intersection line between the layer and the horizontal plane, vector Located on the horizontal plane, perpendicular to line segment PQ, vector It is the projection of the surface normal vector on the horizontal plane, and its direction That is the tendency of the level, known , , and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , calculate the angle between LP and PQ , The angle value is recorded as , then:

[0034] (5);

[0035] The tendency of calculating PQ, that is, the tendency of the level, is:

[0036] (6);

[0037] If the calculated Then take:

[0038] (7).

[0039] Preferably, S3 specifically includes the following operations:

[0040] S3.1. Determine the basic requirements for the station location geometry;

[0041] S3.2. Arrange the position of the lower measuring station D;

[0042] S3.3. Arrange the upper measuring station U position;

[0043] S3.4. Measure DU elevation angle;

[0044] S3.5, projecting laser point M;

[0045] S3.6, project laser point N;

[0046] S3.7. Calculate the formation dip.

[0047] Preferably, the specific operations of S3.2 are as follows:

[0048] The lower measuring station D faces the surface, projects the laser point to the surface, adjusts the measuring station base to the horizontal position, and adjusts the laser beam azimuth to :

[0049] (8);

[0050] in, Level tendency The reverse angle of

[0051] The specific operations of S3.3 are as follows:

[0052] The upper measuring station U should be arranged higher than the lower measuring station D and directly behind the lower measuring station D. Rotate the bracket of the lower measuring station D so that the scale plate faces the upper measuring station U. Adjust the position of the upper measuring station U so that the laser point of the upper measuring station U can illuminate the cross center of the scale plate of the lower measuring station D, and the azimuth angle of the laser beam of the lower measuring station D is also equal to ;

[0053] The specific operations of S3.4 are as follows:

[0054] Rotate the upper measuring station bracket so that the cross mark faces the direction of the lower measuring station. Rotate the laser of the lower measuring station toward the upper measuring station so that the laser can be projected to the center of the cross mark of the upper measuring station. Read the dial reading of the lower measuring station. ;

[0055] The specific operations of S3.5 are as follows:

[0056] Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the upper station laser and project the beam to point M on the surface. Adjust the elevation angle of the lower station laser and project the beam to point M on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively. The elevation angle readings of the laser beams at the upper and lower stations are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line MD between the projected laser point M and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for:

[0057] (9);

[0058] The angle between the line MU between the projected laser point M and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for:

[0059] (10);

[0060] The specific operations of S3.6 are as follows:

[0061] Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the upper station and project the beam to point N on the surface. Points M and N do not overlap. Adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the lower station and project the beam to point N on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively, that is, the elevation angles of the laser beams at the upper and lower stations, which are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line ND between the projected laser point N and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for:

[0062] (11);

[0063] The angle between the line NU between the projected laser point N and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for:

[0064] (12);

[0065] The specific operations of S3.7 are as follows:

[0066] The upper measuring station D, the lower measuring station U and the laser projection spots M and N are located on the same vertical plane, and the line segment PQ is perpendicular to the vertical plane. The baseline DU is located on the vertical plane, and its vector is , the elevation angle of the baseline DU is defined as the vector With vector The angle is recorded as ,vector is a vector The reverse vector of ,when When it is on the horizontal plane and pointing to the level, , When vertically upward, , When facing away from the surface and horizontal, , When pointing vertically downward, , line segment MN and vector The angle is and , when MN is horizontal, , when MN is perpendicular to the ground, , The inclination angle of the layer , it is known that the measurement , , ,and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , ; Calculate the angle between NU and MN Recorded as , then:

[0067] (13);

[0068] The calculation level is the inclination of the line segment MN, which is the inclination of the level. for:

[0069] (14).

[0070] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, which measures the rock formation dip without contacting the measured rock formation, reduces the measurement difficulty and personal risk, has fewer moving parts, no precision optical components and electronic sensors, is low in cost, light in weight, small in size, easy to carry, sturdy and durable, simple to operate, suitable for field surveys, suitable for various terrains, flexible in measurement station layout, wide in application scenarios, only involves angle measurement, does not require distance measurement, produces small errors, and has the characteristics of high precision.

[0071] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence according to the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of dip measurement stations for a method of non-contact measurement of rock formation dip according to the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of inclination calculation of a method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence according to the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of dip measurement stations for a method of non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence according to the present invention;

[0076] Figure 5 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of dip measurement stations for a method of non-contact measurement of rock formation dip according to the present invention.

[0077] Reference numerals

[0078] 1. Rotating base; 2. Bracket; 3. Trunnion; 4. Dial; 5. Laser; 6. Elevation pointer; 7. Compass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0080] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a device for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, comprising a rotating base 1, a bracket 2 mounted on the top of the rotating base 1, the rotating base 1 providing support for the bracket 2, and the rotating base 1 can drive the bracket 2 to achieve horizontal rotation. An ear shaft 3 is mounted in the middle of the bracket 2, the end of the ear shaft 3 is fixed to the center of the dial 4, and a laser 5 is movably mounted on the ear shaft 3 between the dial 4 and the bracket 2, and the laser 5 can achieve pitch adjustment. An elevation pointer 6 is connected to the outlet of the laser 5. When the laser 5 is adjusted in pitch, the pitch angle of the laser 5 can be read by the elevation pointer 6 and the dial 4. A compass 7 is fixedly mounted on the top of the bracket 2, and the compass 7 itself includes a spirit level.

[0083] The present invention provides a method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence, comprising the following steps:

[0084] S1. Select the measuring station;

[0085] Generally, measurements are taken from the upper surface of a representative rock outcrop. If this is inconvenient, such as on a steep cliff, measurements can be taken from the lower surface. The rock outcrop used to measure the occurrence is referred to as a bedding plane. There should be no obstructions such as trees or weeds between the bedding plane and the measuring station. The measuring station should be as close to the bedding plane as possible to minimize errors caused by atmospheric fluctuations, insufficient light spot brightness, and difficulty observing.

[0086] S2, measurement tendency;

[0087] The specific operations include:

[0088] S2.1. Determine the basic requirements for the station location geometry;

[0089] ① When measuring inclination, the measuring stations are preferably arranged on the left and right sides of the outcrop layer.

[0090] ② When two laser beams are projected onto the same point on a surface, the intersection angle between the two laser beams should not exceed 150 degrees or be less than 15 degrees, with an optimal angle of about 90 degrees. The angle between the laser beam and the surface being measured should not be less than 15 degrees.

[0091] ③The two measuring stations and the laser projection point form a horizontal plane, which intersects with the layer.

[0092] ④The base of the measuring station should always be kept level.

[0093] When measuring inclination, the inclination measurement stations are arranged as follows: Figure 2 shown

[0094] S2.2. Arrange two measuring station locations;

[0095] Use the station level to adjust the station rotation bracket to a horizontal state. Adjust the lasers of the left and right stations L and R to be horizontal, keeping the elevation angle at 0 degrees. Adjust the bracket heights of the left and right stations and rotate the lasers toward the opposite station so that the lasers can be projected onto the cross center of the opposite station. At this point, the line connecting the two stations is on the same horizontal plane. Read the compass reading of the left station L. , is the direction of the baseline LR.

[0096] S2.3, projecting laser point P;

[0097] The specific operations are as follows:

[0098] The two measuring stations are in a horizontal state. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the left measuring station L to project the light beam to a point P on the surface. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the right measuring station R to project the light beam to point P on the surface so that the light spots of the two laser beams overlap. As a preference, different colors of lasers can be selected to determine whether the light spots overlap by the color change of the light spots. If the distance is far, a telescope can be used to observe the overlap of the light spots. After the light spots overlap, read the compass readings of the left and right measuring stations respectively, that is, the azimuth angles of the laser beams of the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R, which are recorded as and .

[0099] S2.4, projecting laser point Q;

[0100] The specific operations are as follows:

[0101] Keep the lasers of the left and right stations level, change the azimuth of the laser at the left station L, and project the beam to a point Q on the surface. Points P and Q cannot overlap, and the distance between P and Q should be as large as possible. Change the azimuth of the laser at the right station R, and also project the beam to point Q on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. The method for determining the overlap of the spots is the same as the previous step. Read the compass readings of the left and right stations respectively, that is, the azimuths of the laser beams at the left station L and the right station R, and record them as and .

[0102] S2.5. Calculate the dip of the strata.

[0103] The principle of tendency calculation is as follows Figure 3 The specific operations are as follows:

[0104] The angle between the line PL between the projected laser point P and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R can be obtained from the data measured in S2.3 and S2.4. for:

[0105] (1);

[0106] The angle between the line QL between the projected laser point Q and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R for:

[0107] (2);

[0108] The angle between the line PR between the projected laser point P and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for:

[0109] (3);

[0110] The angle between the line QR between the projected laser point Q and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for:

[0111] (4);

[0112] The baseline LR is located on the horizontal plane, and its vector is , the direction of the baseline from L to R, that is, the vector The direction is , line segment PQ is the intersection line of the layer and the horizontal plane, vector Located on the horizontal plane, perpendicular to line segment PQ, vector It is the projection of the surface normal vector on the horizontal plane, and its direction That is the tendency of the level, known , , and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , calculate the angle between LP and PQ , The angle value is recorded as , then:

[0113] (5);

[0114] The tendency of calculating PQ, that is, the tendency of the level, is:

[0115] (6);

[0116] If the calculated Then take:

[0117] (7).

[0118] S3, measuring the inclination;

[0119] The specific operations include:

[0120] S3.1. Determine the basic requirements for the station location geometry;

[0121] ①The inclination angle must be measured after the inclination is measured.

[0122] ② When measuring the inclination, the two measuring stations are arranged upper and lower.

[0123] ③ When measuring the inclination angle, when two laser beams are projected onto the same point on the surface, the intersection angle of the beams should not exceed 150 degrees or be less than 15 degrees, with about 90 degrees being the best. The angle between the laser beam and the surface being measured should not be less than 15 degrees.

[0124] ④ The two measuring stations and the laser projection point form a plumb plane, and the plumb plane is perpendicular to the layer.

[0125] ⑤The base of the measuring station should be kept level.

[0126] When measuring the inclination, the inclination measuring station is arranged as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0127] S3.2. Arrange the position of the lower measuring station D;

[0128] The specific operations are as follows:

[0129] The lower measuring station D faces the surface and projects the laser point onto the surface. The measuring station base is adjusted to be horizontal and the laser beam azimuth is adjusted to :

[0130] (8);

[0131] in, Level tendency The reverse angle of

[0132] S3.3. Arrange the upper measuring station U position;

[0133] The specific operations are as follows:

[0134] The upper measuring station U should be arranged higher than the lower measuring station D and directly behind the lower measuring station D. Rotate the bracket of the lower measuring station D so that the scale plate faces the upper measuring station U. Adjust the position of the upper measuring station U so that the laser point of the upper measuring station U can illuminate the cross center of the scale plate of the lower measuring station D, and the azimuth angle of the laser beam of the lower measuring station D is also equal to ;

[0135] S3.4. Measure DU elevation angle;

[0136] The specific operations are as follows:

[0137] Rotate the upper measuring station bracket so that the cross mark faces the direction of the lower measuring station. Rotate the laser of the lower measuring station toward the upper measuring station so that the laser can be projected to the center of the cross mark of the upper measuring station. Read the dial reading of the lower measuring station. If the beam azimuth is the same as the inclination, that is, the upper station is behind the lower station, the elevation angle of the baseline DU is obtuse. If the beam azimuth is opposite to the inclination, that is, the upper station is in front of the lower station, the angle is acute.

[0138] S3.5, projecting laser point M;

[0139] The specific operations are as follows:

[0140] Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the upper station and project the beam to a point M on the surface. Adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the lower station and project the beam to point M on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. As a preference, different colors of lasers can be selected to determine whether the spots overlap by the color change of the spots. If the distance is far, a telescope can be used to observe the overlap of the spots. After the spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively. The elevation angle readings of the laser beams at the upper and lower stations are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line MD between the projected laser point M and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for:

[0141] (9);

[0142] The angle between the line MU between the projected laser point M and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for:

[0143] (10);

[0144] S3.6, project laser point N;

[0145] The specific operations are as follows:

[0146] Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the upper station and project the light beam to point N on the surface. Points M and N do not overlap. Adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the lower station and project the light beam to point N on the surface so that the light spots of the two laser beams overlap. As a preference, different colors of lasers can be selected to determine whether the light spots overlap by the color change of the light spots. If the distance is far, a telescope can be used to observe the overlap of the light spots. After the light spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively, that is, the elevation angles of the laser beams pointing to the upper and lower stations, which are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line ND between the projected laser point N and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for:

[0147] (11);

[0148] The angle between the line NU between the projected laser point N and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for:

[0149] (12);

[0150] S3.7. Calculate the formation dip.

[0151] The specific operations are as follows:

[0152] The upper measuring station D, the lower measuring station U and the laser projection spots M and N are located on the same vertical plane, and the line segment PQ is perpendicular to the vertical plane. The baseline DU is located on the vertical plane, and its vector is , the elevation angle of the baseline DU is defined as the vector With vector The angle is recorded as ,vector is a vector The reverse vector of ,when When it is on the horizontal plane and pointing to the level, , When vertically upward, , When facing away from the surface and horizontal, , When pointing vertically downward, , line segment MN and vector The angle is and , when MN is horizontal, , when MN is perpendicular to the ground, , The inclination angle of the layer , it is known that the measurement , , ,and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , ; Calculate the angle between NU and MN Recorded as , then:

[0153] (13);

[0154] The calculation level is the inclination of the line segment MN, which is the inclination of the level. for:

[0155] (14).

[0156] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned device and method for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, which measures the rock formation dip without contacting the measured rock formation, reduces the measurement difficulty and personal risk, has fewer moving parts, no precision optical components and electronic sensors, is low in cost, light in weight, small in size, easy to carry, sturdy and durable, simple to operate, suitable for field surveys, suitable for various terrains, flexible in measurement station layout, wide in application scenarios, only involves angle measurement, does not require distance measurement, produces small errors, and has the characteristics of high precision.

[0157] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence, characterized by: The specific steps include: S1. Select the measuring station; S2, measurement tendency; S2.

1. Determine the location of the measuring station; S2.

2. Arrange two measuring station locations; Use the station level to adjust the station rotation bracket to a horizontal state. Adjust the lasers of the left and right stations L and R to be horizontal, keeping the elevation angle at 0 degrees. Adjust the bracket heights of the left and right stations and rotate the lasers toward the opposite station so that the lasers can be projected onto the cross center of the opposite station. At this point, the line connecting the two stations is on the same horizontal plane. Read the compass reading of the left station L. , is the direction of baseline LR; S2.3, projecting laser point P; The two measuring stations are in a horizontal state. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the left measuring station L and project the beam to point P on the surface. Adjust the azimuth angle of the laser at the right measuring station R and project the beam to point P on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the compass readings of the left and right measuring stations respectively, that is, the azimuth angles of the laser beams at the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R, which are recorded as and ; S2.4, projecting laser point Q; Keep the lasers of the left and right stations level, change the azimuth of the laser at the left station L, and project the beam to a point Q on the surface. Points P and Q cannot overlap. Change the azimuth of the laser at the right station R, and also project the beam to point Q on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. Read the compass readings of the left and right stations respectively, that is, the azimuths of the laser beams pointing to the left and right stations L and R, which are recorded as and ; S2.

5. Calculate the dip of the strata; The angle between the line PL between the projected laser point P and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R can be obtained from the data measured in S2.3 and S2.

4. for: （1）； The angle between the line QL between the projected laser point Q and the left measuring station L and the line LR between the left measuring station L and the right measuring station R for: （2）； The angle between the line PR between the projected laser point P and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for: （3）； The angle between the line QR between the projected laser point Q and the right measuring station R and the line RL between the right measuring station R and the left measuring station L for: （4）； The baseline LR is located on the horizontal plane, and its vector is , the direction of the baseline from L to R, that is, the vector The direction is , line segment PQ is the intersection line between the layer and the horizontal plane, vector Located on the horizontal plane, perpendicular to line segment PQ, vector It is the projection of the surface normal vector on the horizontal plane, and its direction That is the tendency of the level, known , , and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , calculate the angle between LP and PQ , The angle value is recorded as , then: （5）； The tendency of calculating PQ, that is, the tendency of the level, is: （6）； If the calculated Then take: （7）； S3, measuring the inclination; The above method uses a device for non-contact measurement of rock formation dip, including a rotating base, a bracket installed on the top of the rotating base, an ear shaft installed in the middle of the bracket, the end of the ear shaft is fixed to the center of the dial, a laser is movably installed on the ear shaft between the dial and the bracket, the laser outlet is connected to the elevation pointer, and a compass is fixedly installed on the top of the bracket.

2. The method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 specifically includes the following operations: S3.

1. Determine the location of the measuring station; S3.

2. Arrange the position of the lower measuring station D; S3.

3. Arrange the upper measuring station U position; S3.

4. Measure DU elevation angle; S3.5, projecting laser point M; S3.6, project laser point N; S3.

7. Calculate the formation dip.

3. The method for non-contact measurement of rock formation occurrence according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific operations of S3.2 are as follows: The lower measuring station D faces the surface, projects the laser point to the surface, adjusts the measuring station base to the horizontal position, and adjusts the laser beam azimuth to : （8）； in, Level tendency The reverse angle of The specific operations of S3.3 are as follows: The upper measuring station U should be higher than the lower measuring station D and be placed directly behind the lower measuring station D. Rotate the bracket of the lower measuring station D so that the scale plate faces the upper measuring station U. Adjust the position of the upper measuring station U so that the laser point of the upper measuring station U can illuminate the cross center of the scale plate of the lower measuring station D, and the azimuth angle of the laser beam of the upper measuring station U is also equal to ; The specific operations of S3.4 are as follows: Rotate the upper measuring station bracket so that the cross mark faces the direction of the lower measuring station D. Rotate the laser of the lower measuring station D toward the upper measuring station U so that the laser can be projected to the center of the cross mark of the upper measuring station U. Read the dial reading of the lower measuring station D. ; The specific operations of S3.5 are as follows: Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the upper station laser and project the beam to point M on the surface. Adjust the elevation angle of the lower station laser and project the beam to point M on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively. The elevation angle readings of the laser beams at the upper and lower stations are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line MD between the projected laser point M and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for: （9）； The angle between the line MU between the projected laser point M and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for: （10）； The specific operations of S3.6 are as follows: Keep the azimuths of the upper and lower stations at , adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the upper station and project the beam to point N on the surface. Points M and N do not overlap. Adjust the elevation angle of the laser at the lower station and project the beam to point N on the surface so that the two laser spots overlap. After the spots overlap, read the dial readings of the upper and lower stations respectively, that is, the elevation angles of the laser beams at the upper and lower stations, which are recorded as and , we can get the angle between the line ND between the projected laser point N and the lower measuring station D and the line DU between the lower measuring station D and the upper measuring station U for: （11）； The angle between the line NU between the projected laser point N and the upper measuring station U and the line UD between the upper measuring station U and the lower measuring station D for: （12）； The specific operations of S3.7 are as follows: The upper measuring station D, the lower measuring station U and the laser projection spots M and N are located on the same vertical plane, and the line segment PQ is perpendicular to the vertical plane. The baseline DU is located on the vertical plane, and its vector is , the elevation angle of the baseline DU is defined as the vector With vector The angle is recorded as ,vector is a vector The reverse vector of ,when When it is on the horizontal plane and pointing to the level, , When vertically upward, , When facing away from the surface and horizontal, , When pointing vertically downward, , line segment MN and vector The angle is and , when MN is horizontal, , when MN is perpendicular to the ground, , The inclination angle of the layer , it is known that the measurement , , ,and , according to the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, we immediately get , ; Calculate the angle between NU and MN Recorded as , then: （13）； The calculation level is the inclination of the line segment MN, which is the inclination of the level. for: （14）。

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