Highway pavement disease positioning system, method and device and medium

Abstract

According to the expressway pavement disease positioning system, method and device and the medium, a plurality of electronic road element tags are arranged on the side of an expressway in the advancing direction of the expressway; the position of the handheld terminal, namely the position of the pavement disease, is determined through interaction between the handheld terminal and the electronic road element label and data calculation processing of the handheld terminal, and the position is expressed through the lane where the pavement disease is located and the corresponding stake mark, so that the pavement disease is positioned by utilizing the handheld terminal, and the positioning accuracy is improved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method is not affected by factors such as terrain and signal interference, and data calculation can reach centimeter level, so that disease positioning accuracy is guaranteed, deviation caused by subjective pavement disease positioning is avoided, disease positioning accuracy is guaranteed, patrol efficiency is improved, and quick response and accurate maintenance can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a highway pavement defect positioning system, method, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] As the core artery of the modern transportation network, the health of the highway road surface directly affects driving safety and operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] Traditional highway defect location technology relies primarily on the following methods: manual inspections and coarse-grained GPS positioning. Inspectors visually identify defects and use vehicle-mounted or handheld GPS devices to record their locations. Locations are described using a "kilometer stake + offset" method. This method suffers from at least the following technical drawbacks: 1. Insufficient defect positioning accuracy: Traditional GPS positioning is easily affected by factors such as terrain and signal interference, and the error can reach tens of meters, making it difficult to meet the centimeter-level positioning requirements of lanes.

[0004] 2. Inaccurate positioning of long and short chain areas: During highway construction, the actual mileage may differ from the theoretical mileage due to terrain, bridges, tunnels, etc., which is called a broken chain. Broken chains are divided into: Long chain break: actual mileage > theoretical mileage, mileage needs to be reduced; Short chain break: actual mileage < theoretical mileage, mileage needs to be increased.

[0005] Traditional methods cannot automatically correct the pile number positioning error caused by chain breakage, resulting in a mismatch between the disease location record and the actual road pile number.

[0006] 3. Low efficiency of manual inspections and poor data consistency: Relying on manual recording of the location of the defect (lane, pile number), there are problems such as information lag and recording errors, making it difficult to achieve rapid response and accurate maintenance. Manual recording is also prone to subjective bias, and the pile number deviation rate of multiple inspections of the same defect is relatively large. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application proposes a highway pavement defect location system, method, device and medium, which can solve one of the problems existing in the background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a highway pavement defect positioning system is provided, the positioning system comprising: The electronic road element label subsystem includes: a plurality of electronic road element labels arranged along the direction of travel of the expressway, wherein the electronic road element labels store preset stake numbers; and A handheld terminal is used by a worker located at a pavement defect on a highway and is configured to detect a first electronic path element tag ranked first and a second electronic path element tag ranked second in signal strength ranking on the same side of the highway. Based on a signal strength and signal path loss model, a first distance between the handheld terminal and the first electronic path element tag and a second distance between the handheld terminal and the second electronic path element tag are calculated. A third distance between the first electronic path element tag and the second electronic path element tag is calculated using a first preset stake number corresponding to the first electronic path element tag and a second preset stake number corresponding to the second electronic path element tag. Based on the first, second, and third distances, and a calculation coordinate system, terminal coordinates of the handheld terminal in the calculation coordinate system are obtained. The terminal coordinates include a perpendicular distance from the pavement defect to the highway side. The lane in which the pavement defect is located is determined based on a conversion rule between the perpendicular distance and the lane. Furthermore, the stake number corresponding to the pavement defect is obtained based on the terminal coordinates and the first preset stake number, or based on the terminal coordinates and the second preset stake number. Location information for the pavement defect includes the lane in which the pavement defect is located and the stake number corresponding to the pavement defect.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, by setting up a number of electronic road element tags along the direction of travel on the side of the highway, when the staff carries a handheld terminal to the location of the road disease, the location of the handheld terminal, that is, the location of the road disease, is determined through the interaction between the handheld terminal and the electronic road element tag and the data calculation and processing of the handheld terminal. The location is expressed by the lane where the road disease is located and the corresponding pile number. In this way, the use of handheld terminals to locate road diseases will not be affected by factors such as terrain and signal interference, and the data calculation can reach the centimeter level, thereby ensuring the accuracy of disease positioning, and avoiding the deviation caused by subjective human positioning of road diseases, ensuring the accuracy of disease positioning, and at the same time improving inspection efficiency, so as to achieve rapid response and precise maintenance.

[0010] In a possible design of the first aspect, the handheld terminal is further configured to: determine, based on the chain break database and the pile numbers corresponding to the road surface diseases, whether the road surface disease corresponds to a chain break interval; and if so, correct the pile number corresponding to the road surface disease using the following chain break compensation formula: , PR=DFS / IL, where, is the pile number corresponding to the corrected pavement disease, is the pile number corresponding to the pavement disease before correction, is the difference between the actual mileage and the theoretical mileage in the broken chain database, PR is the broken chain coefficient, DFS is the distance from the current position to the starting point of the broken chain, and IL is the total length of the broken chain interval.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, by judging whether the pavement disease is in the long or short chain break range, and then using the chain break compensation algorithm, the pile number corresponding to the initially obtained pavement disease is corrected, so that the pile number positioning error caused by the chain break can be automatically corrected, further ensuring the accuracy of pavement disease positioning.

[0012] In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the signal path loss model is: ,in, is the calculated distance, i is the position mark, is the reference distance, RSSI is the signal strength, and n is the environmental attenuation factor.

[0013] In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the handheld terminal is specifically configured to: subtract the second preset stake number from the first preset stake number to obtain the third distance.

[0014] In a possible design of the first aspect, the conversion rule LP between the vertical distance and the lane is: in, is the perpendicular distance, Corresponding distance boundary values for different types of lanes.

[0015] In a possible design method of the first aspect, the electronic road element tag also stores the tag longitude and latitude, and the handheld terminal is also used to: use Gaussian projection to convert the first tag longitude and latitude corresponding to the first electronic road element tag and the second tag longitude and latitude corresponding to the second electronic road element tag into first tag plane rectangular coordinates and second tag plane rectangular coordinates; determine the relationship between the terminal plane rectangular coordinates of the handheld terminal and the first tag plane rectangular coordinates and the second tag plane rectangular coordinates according to the distance formula, and solve the terminal plane rectangular coordinates; and use Gaussian inverse projection to convert the terminal plane rectangular coordinates into the terminal longitude and latitude of the handheld terminal, and the pavement disease location information also includes: the terminal longitude and latitude.

[0016] In a possible design of the first aspect, the electronic path element tag is provided with a Bluetooth communication module, a memory, a processing module and a power module, and the signal strength is the Bluetooth signal strength.

[0017] In a second aspect, a method for locating highway pavement defects is provided. The method is based on the above-mentioned positioning system and includes: Detecting a first electronic path element tag ranked first in signal strength ranking and a second electronic path element tag ranked second in signal strength ranking on the same side of the highway; Based on a signal strength and signal path loss model, a first distance between the handheld terminal and the first electronic path element label and a second distance between the handheld terminal and the second electronic path element label are calculated; a third distance between the first electronic path element label and the second electronic path element label is calculated using a first preset stake number corresponding to the first electronic path element label and a second preset stake number corresponding to the second electronic path element label; and based on the first distance, the second distance, the third distance, and a calculation coordinate system, terminal coordinates of the handheld terminal in the calculation coordinate system are obtained, where the terminal coordinates include a perpendicular distance from the road surface defect to the highway side. Determining the lane where the road surface defect is located based on the conversion rule between the vertical distance and the lane; and Based on the terminal coordinates and the first preset pile number, or based on the terminal coordinates and the second preset pile number, the pile number corresponding to the pavement defect is obtained, and the pavement defect positioning information includes: the lane where the pavement defect is located and the pile number corresponding to the pavement defect.

[0018] In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory being used to store a computer program; and the processor being used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the electronic device performs the positioning method as described in the second aspect.

[0019] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, comprising a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the positioning method according to the second aspect.

[0020] In a fifth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising: a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the positioning method according to the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 This is the intention of the electronic path element tag positioning stake number provided in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0024] It should be noted that although the device schematics illustrate functional module divisions and the flowcharts illustrate logical sequences, in certain circumstances, the steps shown or described may be performed in a sequence that differs from the module divisions in the device or the sequence in the flowcharts. The terms "first," "second," and so on, in the specification, claims, and drawings, are used to distinguish similar items and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or precedence.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiments of this application provide a method and system for accurately locating highway pavement defects based on electronic road element tag positioning and a long-short chain compensation algorithm. By integrating IoT perception and a long-short chain correction mechanism, the positioning accuracy of the defect location is increased from "meter-level" to "centimeter-level". The core content includes the following: 1. Electronic Road Element Tag Deployment: Multifunctional electronic road element tags are deployed at preset intervals (20 meters) along the highway's upstream and downstream routes and on the inside and outside. These tags integrate Bluetooth communication, storage, and positioning capabilities. They calculate and provide highly accurate lane, stake number, latitude and longitude information, while also being compatible with traditional reflective markers. The stake number embedded in the tag strictly corresponds to the road's designed stake number. The latitude and longitude embedded in the tag are obtained through external high-precision Beidou / GPS dual-mode positioning equipment, forming a continuous positioning network.

[0027] 2. Interaction with intelligent inspection terminals: Inspectors establish a connection with the nearest road element tag through the Bluetooth module of a handheld terminal PDA (such as a tablet or a dedicated terminal), obtain the route number, stake number, longitude and latitude and other data stored in the tag in real time, and calculate the final disease location information (lane, stake number, longitude and latitude).

[0028] 3. Triggering of the long-short chain compensation algorithm: Based on the electronic road element tag positioning pile number and the broken chain interval in the broken chain data, the long-short chain compensation algorithm is automatically triggered to perform the correction calculation of the pile number.

[0029] 4. Dynamic calibration of defect locations: Combining tag positioning data, compensation algorithm output, and handheld terminal calculations, this allows for centimeter-level real-time calibration of lane defects during inspections.

[0030] 1. Technical Details (1) Electronic path element tag positioning Use the handheld terminal PDA to search for the two electronic path element tags with the strongest Bluetooth signals nearby. The search results will only show two electronic path element tags on the same side. The distance from the handheld terminal PDA to the two tags is calculated based on the Bluetooth signal strength. Then, combined with the distance between the two tags, a triangle with known three-side lengths is obtained. Specifically, the distance between the two tags can be calculated by subtracting the built-in stake numbers of the two tags. Finally, using the Pythagorean theorem, the precise position between the two tags at the current location, such as lane, stake number, longitude and latitude, can be calculated.

[0031] Specifically, the electronic road element tag not only retains the safety warning function of traditional reflective markers, but also integrates the following core modules: Bluetooth 5.0 communication module: supports low-power (BLE) transmission, enabling rapid connection between inspection equipment and tags (response time <0.5 seconds); Storage unit: stores static information such as pile number, longitude and latitude, length and short chain correction parameters, label and lane spacing, road attributes (such as number of lanes, lane width, up and down, inside and outside, speed limit), etc. Power module: adopts solar energy + lithium battery dual power supply, supporting continuous operation for more than 3 years; Of course there is also the processing module.

[0032] Positioning process: First, the handheld terminal PDA searches for the two electronic tags (TagA / TagB) with the strongest Bluetooth signals and converts the signal strength into distance. Secondly, the stake number is transmitted via Bluetooth via the electronic road element tag and longitude and latitude The information is sent to the handheld terminal PDA for positioning calculation.

[0033] Positioning calculation includes three aspects: 1. Pile number calculation: According to the current patrol location, the signal strength of the adjacent electronic path element tags is sorted based on the signal strength indication received by the handheld terminal PDA scan, and the two target tags with the highest peak strength (such as TagA / TagB) are locked. The distance from the handheld terminal PDA to the two tags (TabA / TagB) is calculated based on the signal path loss (k, j), and then combined with the distance (de) between the two tags (the distance is calculated by subtracting the built-in stake numbers of the two tags) to obtain a triangle with known three-side lengths.

[0034] Among them, the signal path loss model is: ,in, is the calculated distance; i is the position mark; is the reference distance, for example, 1 meter; RSSI is the signal strength; n is the environmental attenuation factor, for example, n is 3.

[0035] The triangulation algorithm can be used to calculate the precise stake position between the two tags where the current position is located. The detailed steps are as follows: Step 1: Establish the coordinate system and equations (1) TagA is the coordinate origin (0, 0), TagB is located at (de, 0), the line connecting the pile numbers of TagA and TagB is the x-axis, and the y-axis is the direction of the road surface perpendicular to the x-axis.

[0036] (2) Let the coordinates of the handheld terminal PDA be (x, y). Figure 1 In the equation, x corresponds to d, y corresponds to h, and de corresponds to the sum of d and e. Then, the following equations are satisfied: .

[0037] Solve the equation: .

[0038] Step 2: Solve the simultaneous equations: (1) Assuming that the pile number of TabA is K100, the pile number of TagB is K120, de = 20 meters, k = 15 meters, and j = 18 meters, the equations are: .

[0039] (2) Eliminate , which simplifies to: .

[0040] (3) Substituting x = 7.525 into the first equation, we obtain: .

[0041] Step 3: Determine the pile number and vertical point Stake number: The projection of the handheld terminal PDA along TagA and TagB (x-axis) is x=7.525, and the corresponding stake number is K107+525 (i.e. K100+7.525 meters); Perpendicular point: The foot of the perpendicular is (7.525,0), and the length of the perpendicular is .

[0042] Step 4: Verify the results The length of the perpendicular line is 12.98 meters, which corresponds to a side length of 20 meters. According to the triangle inequality, the lengths of each side are checked. All conditions are met to form a triangle, which conforms to the triangle geometry logic.

[0043] Step 5: Output the results The stake number of the handheld terminal PDA is K107+525, and the vertical point is located 12.98 meters from the stake number.

[0044] 2. Lane calculation: By calculating the vertical length between the current position and the two electronic path element tags To determine the lane location of the defect (such as emergency lane, driving lane, overtaking lane), the lane location calculation formula is: .

[0045] (1) Scene setting 1) The current patrol location is uphill, and the tag being searched is located on the uphill central guardrail. The lanes corresponding to the tags from near to far are overtaking lane, driving lane, and emergency lane. The lane width is 3.75 meters. 2) The distance between the tag and the lane is 0.8 meters (i.e., the distance from the electronic road element tag installation location to the nearest edge of the overtaking lane). The maximum distance to the overtaking lane is 0.8 + 3.75 = 4.55 meters. The distance between the travel lane and the emergency lane can be calculated by analogy. 3) The length of the vertical line from the current position to the two electronic path element labels 12.98 meters (the length of the vertical line when calculating the pile number); (2) Calculation process 1) Based on the distance between the tag and the lane and the lane width, the maximum distance between the tag and each lane can be calculated: a. The maximum distance from the sign to the passing lane is 0.8 + 3.75 = 4.55; b. The maximum distance from the label to the lane is 0.8+3.75*2=9.1 meters; c. The maximum distance from the sign to the emergency lane is 0.8 + 3.75 * 3 = 13.65 meters; 2) Lane range determination: a. Overtaking lane range: 0.8 ≤ <4.55 m; b. Driving lane range: 4.55≤ <9.1 m; c. Emergency lane range: 9.1≤ <13.65 m; 3. Calculation of latitude and longitude: Calculate the latitude and longitude coordinates of the third point based on the known longitude and latitude coordinates of two points and the distance to the third point. The detailed steps are as follows: Step 1: Coordinate projection conversion Convert latitude and longitude to rectangular coordinates using Gauss projection and , ensure that the distance from two known points to the third point is consistent with the plane coordinate system unit (meter); Step 2: Solve the third point in the plane coordinate system (1) Establishing a system of equations Let the plane coordinates of the third point be , according to the distance formula: , this system of equations represents the intersection of two circles, and the solution may be 0, 1 or 2 points.

[0046] (2) Solve the intersection point: 1) If the two circles intersect (no solution): check whether the input distance is reasonable; 2) If the two circles are tangent (Solution 1): The only solution is the third point; 3) If the two circles intersect (Solution 2): Eliminate unreasonable points based on the actual scenario.

[0047] Step 3: Back-projection into latitude and longitude coordinates The plane coordinates Convert back to latitude and longitude coordinates using the inverse projection formula (using the same parameters and earth model as the orthographic projection).

[0048] Step 4: Verify the results The back-projected coordinates Calculate the distance with the known longitude and latitude coordinates of two points respectively to verify whether it is consistent with the original input distance.

[0049] Step 5: Output the results Output precise disease location information: lane, stake number, longitude and latitude.

[0050] Technological advantages 1. Accurate marking: Provides lanes, centimeter-level pile numbers, and longitude and latitude, replacing traditional kilometer-level milestones and GPS positioning.

[0051] 2. Real-time interaction: Inspection equipment (such as tablets or dedicated terminals) automatically obtains tag data via Bluetooth, and the handheld terminal calculates and outputs the location information of the disease (lane, pile number, longitude and latitude) without manual input.

[0052] (2) Dynamic long-short chain compensation algorithm By integrating the long-short chain database with real-time positioning data, dynamic error correction of the long-short chain area can be achieved to ensure that the positioning results are consistent with the actual road mileage.

[0053] Long-short chain database construction: Based on road design drawings and actual surveying and mapping data, the long-short chain database should include the main fields shown in the following table:

[0054] Compensation (correction) algorithm process: Step 1: Obtain basic positioning data (1) Based on the pile number solution, obtain the pile number after the electronic road element tag positioning solution ; Step 2: Determine the long and short chain regions (1) According to Query the cloud or local long and short chain database, traverse all long and short chain points, and determine whether the current position is within a certain long and short chain interval (starting point number ≤ ≤end pile number); (2) If If the pile number is within a certain long-short chain interval, compensation calculation is triggered; (3) If it is not in any long or short chain interval, output directly Stake number results.

[0055] Step 3: Dynamic compensation calculation If you are in the long / short chain area, perform the following corrections: (1) Long chain break compensation formula: .

[0056] Parameter Description: : Correct the pile number for the long chain after compensation; : is the pile number; : is the mileage difference in the long and short chain database.

[0057] PR: is the long-short chain coefficient, that is, the relative position of the current position relative to the long-short chain interval. The calculation formula is as follows: PR=DFS / IL.

[0058] Parameter description: DFS: The distance between the current position and the starting point of the long and short chain (current position - starting pile number). IL: The total length of the long and short chain interval (end pile number - starting pile number).

[0059] Example: like The distance is K100+200, the starting point of the broken chain area is K100+150, and the end point is K100+250. The mileage difference is 10 meters (long chain), then: , and the final revised pile number is K100+195.

[0060] (2) Short chain compensation formula: .

[0061] Parameter Description: : Corrected pile number after short chain compensation; : is the pile number; : is the short chain mileage difference in the long and short chain database; PR: is the long and short chain coefficient, same as above.

[0062] Example: like The chain area starts at K100+150 and ends at K100+250, and the mileage difference is 10 meters (short chain break). Then: , and the final revised pile number is K100+205.

[0063] Step 4: Output the correction results (1) The pile number after compensation The lane, longitude and latitude are taken as the final positioning result.

[0064] Technological advantages 1. Improved accuracy: In long and short chain areas, the corrected pile number is obtained through a dynamic pile number compensation algorithm; 2. Dynamic update: The long and short chain database supports real-time updates on the cloud to adapt to mileage changes after road expansion or maintenance.

[0065] The implementation steps are as follows: Preliminary deployment: Install electronic road element tags according to the designed spacing, simultaneously survey and map, and build a long and short chain database; Data collection: Patrol personnel / vehicles automatically search for nearby tag Bluetooth signals and obtain data through handheld terminal PDA Bluetooth; Positioning solution: Calculate stake number, lane, longitude and latitude based on tag data; Compensation calculation: Based on the long and short chain database, the dynamic compensation algorithm is executed to correct the pile number positioning results; Result output: Output precise disease location information (lane, pile number, longitude and latitude).

[0066] An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program; and the processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0067] The electronic device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a PDA, a cloud server, etc. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0068] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The processor is the control center of the electronic device, connecting various parts of the entire device using various interfaces and lines.

[0069] The memory may be used to store the computer program, and the processor implements various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer program stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory.

[0070] The memory may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system, at least one application required for a function, and the like; the data storage area may store data generated based on the use of the mobile phone. Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, internal memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a flash memory card, at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0071] The embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. The computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium.

[0072] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including: a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the above-mentioned possible implementation methods.

[0073] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A highway pavement defect location system, characterized in that: The positioning system comprises: The electronic road element label subsystem includes: a plurality of electronic road element labels arranged along the direction of travel of the expressway, wherein the electronic road element labels store preset stake numbers; and A handheld terminal is used by a worker located at a pavement defect on a highway and is configured to detect a first electronic path element tag ranked first and a second electronic path element tag ranked second in signal strength ranking on the same side of the highway. Based on a signal strength and signal path loss model, a first distance between the handheld terminal and the first electronic path element tag and a second distance between the handheld terminal and the second electronic path element tag are calculated. A third distance between the first electronic path element tag and the second electronic path element tag is calculated using a first preset stake number corresponding to the first electronic path element tag and a second preset stake number corresponding to the second electronic path element tag. Based on the first, second, and third distances, and a calculation coordinate system, terminal coordinates of the handheld terminal in the calculation coordinate system are obtained. The terminal coordinates include a perpendicular distance from the pavement defect to the highway side. The lane in which the pavement defect is located is determined based on a conversion rule between the perpendicular distance and the lane. Furthermore, the stake number corresponding to the pavement defect is obtained based on the terminal coordinates and the first preset stake number, or based on the terminal coordinates and the second preset stake number. Location information for the pavement defect includes the lane in which the pavement defect is located and the stake number corresponding to the pavement defect.

2. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The handheld terminal is further used to determine whether the pavement disease corresponds to a broken chain interval based on the broken chain database and the pile numbers corresponding to the pavement disease. If so, the pile numbers corresponding to the pavement disease are corrected using the following broken chain compensation formula: , PR=DFS / IL, where, is the pile number corresponding to the corrected pavement disease, is the pile number corresponding to the pavement disease before correction, is the difference between the actual mileage and the theoretical mileage in the broken chain database, PR is the broken chain coefficient, DFS is the distance from the current position to the starting point of the broken chain, and IL is the total length of the broken chain interval.

3. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The signal path loss model is: ,in, is the calculated distance, i is the position mark, is the reference distance, RSSI is the signal strength, and n is the environmental attenuation factor.

4. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The handheld terminal is specifically configured to: subtract the second preset stake number from the first preset stake number to obtain the third distance.

5. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The conversion rule LP between the vertical distance and the lane is: in, is the perpendicular distance, Corresponding distance boundary values for different types of lanes.

6. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic path element tag also stores the tag longitude and latitude, and the handheld terminal is also used to: use Gaussian projection to convert the first tag longitude and latitude corresponding to the first electronic path element tag and the second tag longitude and latitude corresponding to the second electronic path element tag into first tag plane rectangular coordinates and second tag plane rectangular coordinates; determine the relationship between the terminal plane rectangular coordinates of the handheld terminal and the first tag plane rectangular coordinates and the second tag plane rectangular coordinates according to the distance formula, and solve the terminal plane rectangular coordinates; and use Gaussian inverse projection to convert the terminal plane rectangular coordinates into the terminal longitude and latitude of the handheld terminal, and the pavement disease location information also includes: the terminal longitude and latitude.

7. The positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: The electronic path element tag is provided with a Bluetooth communication module, a memory, a processing module and a power module, and the signal strength is the Bluetooth signal strength.

8. A method for locating highway pavement defects, characterized in that: The method is based on the positioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method comprises: Detecting a first electronic path element tag ranked first in signal strength ranking and a second electronic path element tag ranked second in signal strength ranking on the same side of the highway; Based on a signal strength and signal path loss model, a first distance between the handheld terminal and the first electronic path element label and a second distance between the handheld terminal and the second electronic path element label are calculated; a third distance between the first electronic path element label and the second electronic path element label is calculated using a first preset stake number corresponding to the first electronic path element label and a second preset stake number corresponding to the second electronic path element label; and based on the first distance, the second distance, the third distance, and a calculation coordinate system, terminal coordinates of the handheld terminal in the calculation coordinate system are obtained, where the terminal coordinates include a perpendicular distance from the road surface defect to the highway side. Determining the lane where the road surface defect is located based on the conversion rule between the vertical distance and the lane; and Based on the terminal coordinates and the first preset pile number, or based on the terminal coordinates and the second preset pile number, the pile number corresponding to the pavement defect is obtained, and the pavement defect positioning information includes: the lane where the pavement defect is located and the pile number corresponding to the pavement defect.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes: a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, The memory is used to store computer programs; and The processor is configured to execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the positioning method as claimed in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the positioning method according to claim 8 .

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