Steel structure earth and rock dam construction method and system based on BIM technology

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of engineering construction technology, and provides a steel structure earth and rock dam construction method and system based on BIM technology, which comprises the following steps: establishing a dam full-professional BIM model, automatically detecting inter-professional conflicts, including topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earthwork geometric properties; simulating the whole construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation and layered filling and compaction in stages; importing a project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components and generating a 4D construction simulation animation; dynamically inputting steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map, and automatically warning the over-standard area; comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress and analyzing the lag reasons. By establishing a full-professional BIM model and automatically detecting inter-professional conflicts, design errors and changes are effectively avoided, and construction delays and cost increases caused by design problems are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering construction technology, specifically to a construction method and system for steel structure earth-rock dams based on BIM technology. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of traditional steel-structured earth-rock dams presents numerous complex problems and challenges. From the design stage, dam construction involves multiple professional fields, such as hydraulic engineering, geological engineering, and structural engineering. The fragmented design information from these disciplines, lacking an effective integration and collaboration platform, leads to poor communication and design conflicts. For example, the steel structure design may not match the topography and geological conditions, and earthwork and steel structure construction may interfere with each other spatially and temporally, severely impacting project quality and schedule.

[0003] In terms of construction process management, traditional methods struggle to visually represent the entire construction process. For key procedures such as earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction, the lack of dynamic and visual simulation tools makes it difficult for construction personnel to accurately grasp the construction sequence and process requirements, easily leading to construction chaos and resource waste. Furthermore, the lack of an effective correlation and dynamic comparison mechanism between the project schedule and the actual construction situation makes it impossible to promptly identify delays and take effective measures to adjust them, thus increasing the risk of project postponement.

[0004] In terms of quality control, traditional quality inspection methods mostly rely on manual recording and post-event analysis, making it difficult to monitor key quality indicators such as steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction in real time and dynamically. For areas exceeding quality standards, timely warnings cannot be issued, leading to delayed problem detection, increased handling costs, and potentially affecting the overall safety and stability of the dam. Therefore, a BIM-based construction method and system for steel structure earthwork dams is needed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method and system for steel structure earth-rock dams based on BIM technology, so as to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: a construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Establish a full-discipline BIM model of the dam, automatically detect conflicts between disciplines, and the BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earthwork geometric properties.

[0008] Based on the BIM model, the entire construction process is simulated and demonstrated in stages, including earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction.

[0009] Import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate the model components, and generate a 4D construction simulation animation.

[0010] The installation deviation of steel structure and the compaction degree of earthwork are dynamically recorded into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard.

[0011] By comparing the progress of the 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, the reasons for the lag were analyzed, and resource allocation was adjusted through the BIM model.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of establishing a full-discipline BIM model of the dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically includes:

[0013] Topographical data of the dam area were obtained through oblique photography by drones and lidar scanning; geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data were collected to determine geological data and hydrological conditions;

[0014] Based on the design drawings, extract the type, specifications, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use steel structure design software to create a three-dimensional model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design.

[0015] Based on the design cross-section and topographic data of the dam, the excavation volume, filling volume and compaction requirements of earth and rock are calculated, and a three-dimensional model of earth and rock is generated using earthwork calculation software.

[0016] The conflict detection tool based on the BIM platform performs geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection, and data conflict detection.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of simulating the entire construction process based on a BIM model, demonstrating the earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages, specifically includes:

[0018] Based on the BIM platform, the corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage are determined. These parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel.

[0019] By utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the entire construction process is dynamically simulated to intuitively demonstrate the excavation process of earthwork, the installation process of steel structure, and the layered filling and compaction process of earthwork. The construction simulation results are then analyzed to check for any collisions or conflicts during the construction process.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically includes:

[0021] Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model component and the schedule.

[0022] The 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively shows the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of dynamically recording the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically includes:

[0024] Real-time data collection of steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction was conducted using a total station, level, and compaction tester.

[0025] Through IoT technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components.

[0026] A quality heatmap is generated based on the entered key data, with green representing areas that meet quality standards, yellow representing areas that are close to exceeding quality standards, and red representing areas that exceed quality standards.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention, the step of comparing the progress of the 4D construction simulation with the actual progress and analyzing the reasons for the lag specifically includes:

[0028] Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation;

[0029] Earned value analysis is used to quantify schedule deviations, identify the causes of lags, and then conduct simulation analysis based on these causes to assess the degree of impact on construction progress.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to provide a steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology, the system comprising:

[0031] The BIM model creation module is used to create a full-discipline BIM model of the dam and automatically detect conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometric properties.

[0032] The construction process simulation module is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation and layered filling and compaction in stages.

[0033] The 4D construction simulation module is used to import project schedules into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animations.

[0034] The quality heat map generation module is used to dynamically input steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generate quality heat maps, and automatically issue early warnings for areas exceeding the standards.

[0035] The construction progress analysis module is used to compare the progress of 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for the lag, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] By establishing a full-discipline BIM model and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines, design errors and changes are effectively avoided, the accuracy and reliability of design schemes are improved, and construction delays and cost increases caused by design problems are reduced.

[0038] The full-process simulation of construction based on BIM model enables construction personnel to intuitively understand the construction sequence and process requirements, identify and solve potential problems in advance, optimize construction plans, improve construction efficiency, and reduce chaos and waste of resources during the construction process.

[0039] Linking the project schedule with the BIM model to generate 4D construction simulation animations enables dynamic and visual management of the schedule. By comparing the simulated progress with the actual progress, the causes of delays can be analyzed in a timely manner, and resource allocation can be adjusted to ensure the project is completed on time and reduce the risk of project delays.

[0040] The system dynamically inputs data on steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction, generates quality heat maps and provides automatic early warnings, enabling real-time monitoring and timely processing of quality information. This allows for the timely detection and resolution of quality issues, ensuring the engineering quality and safety performance of the dam, and reducing subsequent maintenance costs and safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method for steel structure earth-rock dams based on BIM technology.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0044] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology, the method comprising the following steps:

[0046] S100: Establish a full-discipline BIM model of the dam and automatically detect conflicts between disciplines. The BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometric properties.

[0047] S200 simulates the entire construction process based on a BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages.

[0048] S300 imports the project schedule into the BIM platform, associates model components, and generates a 4D construction simulation animation.

[0049] S400 dynamically records steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generates a quality heat map, and automatically warns of areas exceeding the standard.

[0050] S500 compares the progress of 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, analyzes the reasons for the lag, and adjusts resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0051] It should be noted that with the continuous development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, its powerful 3D visualization, information integration, and collaborative work capabilities provide new ideas and methods for solving the above-mentioned problems. BIM technology can integrate various types of information during dam construction onto a unified platform, enabling collaborative design and information sharing among different disciplines. Simultaneously, it can simulate and optimize the construction process, monitor quality in real time, and effectively improve the efficiency and quality of engineering construction. In traditional design methods, design information from different disciplines is independent and lacks collaboration, leading to frequent conflicts between disciplines. This invention, through the establishment of a full-discipline BIM model of the dam, integrates information from multiple disciplines, including topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information, and earthwork geometric properties. Utilizing the automatic detection function of BIM software, conflicts between disciplines are identified and resolved in advance, avoiding design changes and rework during construction. Traditional construction processes lack intuitive display methods, making it difficult for construction personnel to accurately grasp the construction sequence and process requirements.

[0052] This invention simulates the entire construction process using a BIM model, demonstrating key procedures such as earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages. This allows construction personnel to clearly understand the construction process, identify potential problems in advance, optimize construction plans, and improve construction efficiency and quality. Traditional project schedule management methods struggle to dynamically compare the planned schedule with the actual construction progress, making it difficult to promptly identify schedule delays. This invention imports the project schedule into the BIM platform, associates it with model components, and generates a 4D construction simulation animation, achieving an organic integration of the schedule plan and the 3D model. By comparing the 4D construction simulation progress with the actual progress, the causes of delays can be analyzed in a timely manner, and resource allocation can be adjusted through the BIM model to ensure the project progresses as planned. Traditional quality inspection methods mostly rely on manual recording and post-event analysis, making it difficult to monitor quality status in real time. This invention dynamically records steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction degrees into the BIM model, generating a quality heatmap with automatic early warnings for areas exceeding standards. This enables real-time monitoring and timely warnings of quality information, facilitating timely corrective measures and ensuring project quality.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of establishing a full-discipline BIM model of the dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically includes:

[0054] Topographical data of the dam area were obtained through oblique photography by drones and lidar scanning; geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data were collected to determine geological data and hydrological conditions;

[0055] Based on the design drawings, extract the type, specifications, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use steel structure design software to create a three-dimensional model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design.

[0056] Based on the design cross-section and topographic data of the dam, the excavation volume, filling volume and compaction requirements of earth and rock are calculated, and a three-dimensional model of earth and rock is generated using earthwork calculation software.

[0057] The conflict detection tool based on the BIM platform performs geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection, and data conflict detection.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, high-precision topographic data of the dam area is acquired, including information such as topographic elevation, slope, and aspect. The acquired data is preprocessed to remove noise points, fill data gaps, and generate a digital elevation model (DEM). Geological survey reports are collected to extract parameters such as the distribution, thickness, and physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock layers. Using geological modeling software such as GOCAD and RockWorks, a three-dimensional geological model is established based on the geological survey data to visually display the geological structure of the dam area. Simultaneously, hydrological monitoring data such as water level, flow rate, and flow velocity are collected to analyze hydrological variation patterns. Combining the topographic and geological data, hydrodynamic modeling software such as MIKE and HEC-RAS is used to simulate water flow in the dam area and assess the flood inundation range and the force of water flow on the dam.

[0059] Based on the design drawings, the type, specifications, quantity, and connection methods of the steel structure are extracted. A 3D model of the steel structure is then created using steel structure design software (such as Tekla Structures and Revit Structure), and clash detection and optimization are performed. Based on the dam's design cross-section and topographic data, the excavation volume, filling volume, and compaction requirements for earthwork are calculated, and a 3D model of the earthwork is generated using earthwork calculation software (such as Civil 3D). Finally, clash detection tools on the BIM platform (such as Navisworks' Clash Detective tool and Revit's interference check tool) are used to perform geometric clash detection (spatial overlap or collision between components), logical clash detection (unreasonable construction sequence or process), and data clash detection (inconsistent attribute information).

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the excavation volume, filling volume, and compaction requirements of earthwork based on the design cross-section and topographic data of the dam, and generating a three-dimensional model of the earthwork using earthwork calculation software, specifically includes:

[0061] The topographic data of the dam is converted into a digital elevation model to obtain the original topographic surface; the coordinates of the control points of the dam's design cross section are extracted.

[0062] Based on the geological survey report, the rock and soil types, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area are obtained. Based on the rock and soil types, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area, geological modeling software is used to interpolate the discrete borehole data into a continuously spatially distributed geological attribute field to obtain the geological correction coefficient field.

[0063] The type of construction machinery, the thickness of each layer, and the number of compaction passes are obtained. Based on these factors, the construction process coefficient is calculated to quantify the impact of construction efficiency on compaction effect and layer thickness, and to correct for insufficient compaction leading to insufficient earthwork volume compensation.

[0064] Based on the original terrain surface and control point coordinates, the discrete design control points are expanded into a continuous surface using the triangulation method to obtain the design elevation surface.

[0065] The elevation difference between the design elevation surface and the original topographic surface is calculated, and the elevation difference is integrated with the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the reference volume. If the elevation difference is negative, it is an excavation area, and the amplification effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the excavation volume is deducted. If the elevation difference is positive, it is an embankment area, and the compression effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the embankment volume is considered.

[0066] Obtain real-time compaction status distribution data for each area; generate a theoretical maximum compaction field based on the soil and rock material type of the filling area;

[0067] Based on the distribution data of real-time compaction status and the theoretical maximum compaction field, areas with insufficient compaction are screened out;

[0068] Based on the distribution data of real-time compaction state, the theoretical maximum compaction field, and the construction process coefficient, the volume of additional fill required for the insufficient compaction area is calculated, and the volume of additional fill required is adjusted using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the corrected volume.

[0069] In the BIM platform, the distribution data of the corrected volume, geological correction coefficient field, and real-time compaction state are bound to the three-dimensional model components to obtain a three-dimensional model of earthwork with attributes.

[0070] In this embodiment, the present invention dynamically adjusts the earthwork volume calculation by combining compaction degree with material properties. By introducing the relationship between the material expansion coefficient and compaction degree, it solves the problem of material looseness variation in actual construction, which is not considered in traditional methods. Discrete borehole data is interpolated into a continuous geological correction coefficient field to quantify the actual impact of different soil and rock types on excavation and filling, avoiding the error of "representing the whole by a single point" in traditional methods. Construction process coefficients are introduced, combined with mechanical properties (such as vibratory roller power) and process requirements (layer thickness, number of compaction passes), to dynamically correct the volume compensation amount caused by insufficient compaction. The geological correction coefficient is deducted for excavation areas to reduce excavation volume, while the compression effect is superimposed on filling areas to increase filling volume, reflecting the true impact of geotechnical engineering properties on volume. Based on the compaction degree deviation and construction process coefficients, the volume of additional filling required is calculated, and the problem of material looseness variation is solved by secondary correction through the geological correction coefficient field.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of simulating the entire construction process based on the BIM model and demonstrating the earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages specifically includes:

[0072] Based on the BIM platform, the corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage are determined. These parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel.

[0073] By utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the entire construction process is dynamically simulated to intuitively demonstrate the excavation process of earthwork, the installation process of steel structure, and the layered filling and compaction process of earthwork. The construction simulation results are then analyzed to check for any collisions or conflicts during the construction process.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, the construction process needs to be divided into several stages beforehand according to the construction organization design and construction technology requirements of the dam, such as the earthwork excavation stage, the steel structure installation stage, and the layered filling and compaction stage. Then, in the BIM platform, the corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage are determined. These parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel. The construction simulation function of the BIM platform, such as Navisworks Manage's TimeLiner tool, is used to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, visually displaying the earthwork excavation process, the steel structure installation process, and the layered filling and compaction process. Finally, the construction simulation results are analyzed to check for collisions and conflicts during construction. For example, checking for collisions with other components during steel structure installation and for uneven compaction during earthwork filling and compaction.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of using the construction simulation function of the BIM platform to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, and analyzing the simulation results to check for collisions and conflicts during the construction process specifically includes:

[0076] Obtain the positioning data of construction machinery, calculate the real-time distance between the construction point and the material storage yard based on the positioning data, and obtain the dynamic transportation distance;

[0077] The number of collisions per hour is obtained based on the collision detection report of the BIM platform, and the construction interference intensity is quantified based on the number of collisions to obtain the conflict interference factor;

[0078] The benchmark construction rate is defined according to the mechanical performance manual, and the initial efficiency weight is set by combining the benchmark construction rate with the manpower allocation table.

[0079] Obtain the real-time mechanical input, real-time human input, and upper limit of mechanical and human configuration. Based on the initial efficiency weight, real-time mechanical input, real-time human input, and upper limit of mechanical and human configuration, calculate the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item.

[0080] The dynamic transportation distance is exponentially decayed to quantify the efficiency decrease caused by the increase in distance, thus obtaining the transportation loss factor.

[0081] The benchmark construction rate is adjusted and updated using conflict interference factor, transportation loss factor, mechanical efficiency contribution item and human efficiency contribution item to obtain the comprehensive construction efficiency updated in real time.

[0082] A discrete event simulation model is established in the BIM platform. The time consumption of each process is calculated based on the real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency and construction task volume to obtain the process time axis.

[0083] The process timeline is combined with the BIM model for dynamic simulation to obtain the simulation rate;

[0084] Based on the rate deviation between the actual construction rate and the simulated rate, the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item are adjusted proportionally to obtain the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution item and the optimized human efficiency contribution item.

[0085] Based on the buffer time in the process timeline, the conflict-affected areas are marked with color gradients in the BIM model to obtain a conflict heatmap.

[0086] Based on the conflict heat map, a list of high-interference areas is obtained. Based on the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution and the optimized human efficiency contribution, resource allocation suggestions are generated to adjust the direction of high-interference areas, so as to realize dynamic simulation of the entire construction process.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, by integrating micro-level mechanical operation cycles (such as excavator single bucket time) with macro-level construction logic (process dependence), the inherent functional limitations of BIM software are broken through. The BIM collision detection results (number of collisions) are converted into conflict interference factors and incorporated into the efficiency calculation formula, so that abstract collision data is transformed into quantifiable efficiency loss values, directly driving schedule adjustments.

[0088] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically includes:

[0089] Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model component and the schedule.

[0090] The 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively shows the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, project management software, such as Microsoft Project or Primavera P6, is required beforehand to prepare a detailed project schedule based on the construction organization design and construction process plan. The schedule should include information such as the start time, end time, duration, prerequisite tasks, and successor tasks for each construction task. Then, the project schedule is imported into the BIM platform, and corresponding construction tasks are assigned to each model component, establishing the association between the model component and the schedule; for example, earthwork excavation model components are associated with earthwork excavation construction tasks, and steel structure installation model components are associated with steel structure installation construction tasks. Finally, based on the 4D construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the 3D model and the schedule are integrated to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, intuitively displaying the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process, and monitoring in real time whether the construction progress meets the planned requirements.

[0092] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of integrating the three-dimensional model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation based on the BIM platform specifically includes:

[0093] Read the planned quantities of work at the current time node from the schedule and obtain real-time construction data; clean the planned quantities and real-time construction data to obtain the effective planned quantities and effective actual quantities;

[0094] Obtain the construction task type at the current time node, set the proportional correction coefficient according to the construction task type at the current time node, calculate the relative deviation ratio between the effective planned quantity and the effective actual quantity, and adjust it using the proportional correction coefficient to obtain the standardized schedule deviation rate.

[0095] Fit the attenuation coefficient using historical data and provide a base transparency;

[0096] Obtain the absolute value of the standardized schedule deviation rate to characterize the degree of deviation; based on the basic transparency, substitute the absolute value of the standardized schedule deviation rate into an exponential function to calculate the transparency decay, so as to obtain dynamic transparency.

[0097] Construct a color mapping rule library for the red-yellow-green gradient color system, determine the activation of the green-yellow gradient channel or the red channel based on the deviation direction of the standardized progress deviation rate, generate a color code composed of the three primary color components of red, green and blue, and obtain RGB color values;

[0098] Write the dynamic transparency into the transparency attribute field of the component in the BIM model, write the RGB color value into the material color attribute field of the component in the BIM model, and match the rendering priority according to the construction task type to which the component belongs, to obtain a BIM model with dynamic attributes.

[0099] The BIM model with dynamic attributes is used to generate a 4D construction simulation animation based on the process timeline, resulting in a 4D construction simulation animation that incorporates schedule deviations.

[0100] In this embodiment of the invention, the schedule (time dimension), BIM model (spatial dimension), and real-time construction data (dynamic dimension) are integrated into a unified coordinate system to reflect dynamic disturbances such as material transportation delays and mechanical failures. Furthermore, the animation rendering employs LOD (Level of Detail) adaptive technology, displaying a fully detailed model on the PC and automatically simplifying non-critical components on mobile devices (e.g., retaining only the outline and key attribute labels for each section of the embankment). This allows on-site engineers to quickly verify construction deviations by overlaying real-time animations and real-world images using mobile AR technology.

[0101] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of dynamically recording the steel structure installation deviation and earthwork compaction degree into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically includes:

[0102] Real-time data collection of steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction was conducted using a total station, level, and compaction tester.

[0103] Through IoT technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components.

[0104] A quality heatmap is generated based on the entered key data, with green representing areas that meet quality standards, yellow representing areas that are close to exceeding quality standards, and red representing areas that exceed quality standards.

[0105] In this embodiment of the invention, during the steel structure installation and earthwork compaction construction, measuring instruments and testing equipment, such as total stations, levels, and compaction testers, are used to collect real-time data on steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction. Then, through Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform. The steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction data is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components. The BIM platform generates a quality heatmap based on the entered key data. A quality exceedance warning threshold is set; when the key data in a certain area exceeds the warning threshold, the system automatically issues a warning message, reminding relevant personnel to take timely measures to address the issue.

[0106] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of comparing the progress of the 4D construction simulation with the actual progress and analyzing the reasons for the lag specifically includes:

[0107] Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation;

[0108] Earned value analysis is used to quantify schedule deviations, identify the causes of lags, and then conduct simulation analysis based on these causes to assess the degree of impact on construction progress.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, actual progress data of dam construction is collected and uploaded periodically. The actual progress data is then compared with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation to calculate the progress deviation. Progress deviation analysis tools, such as Earned Value Management (EVM), can be used to quantify the progress deviation. Based on the progress deviation analysis results and the actual conditions at the construction site, the reasons for construction delays are analyzed. Common reasons include insufficient earthmoving vehicles, low steel structure welding efficiency, weather conditions, and insufficient construction personnel. The simulation and analysis functions of the BIM platform are used to simulate and analyze progress delays caused by different reasons, assessing the impact of various factors on the construction progress. Based on the results of the delay analysis, resource allocation is adjusted through the BIM model. For example, if the delay is due to insufficient earthmoving vehicles, the number of earthmoving vehicles can be increased in the BIM model, and the construction progress can be re-simulated to verify whether the adjusted resource allocation plan can meet the construction progress requirements. The adjusted resource allocation plan is then fed back to the construction site to guide construction personnel in the rational allocation of construction resources, ensuring that the construction progress can proceed smoothly according to plan.

[0110] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this invention also provides a steel structure earth-rock dam construction system based on BIM technology, the system comprising:

[0111] BIM Model Building Module 100 is used to build a full-discipline BIM model of the dam, automatically detect conflicts between disciplines, and the BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earthwork geometric properties.

[0112] The construction process simulation module 200 is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation and layered filling and compaction in stages.

[0113] The 4D construction simulation module 300 is used to import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animations.

[0114] The Quality Heatmap Generation Module 400 is used to dynamically input steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generate quality heatmaps, and automatically issue early warnings for areas exceeding the standards.

[0115] The construction progress analysis module 500 is used to compare the progress of 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for the delay, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

[0116] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the various embodiments of the present invention are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0117] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0118] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the disclosure in the specification and embodiments. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for steel structure earth-rock dams based on BIM technology, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Establish a full-discipline BIM model of the dam, automatically detect conflicts between disciplines, and the BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earthwork geometric properties. Based on the BIM model, the entire construction process is simulated and demonstrated in stages, including earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction. Import the project schedule into the BIM platform, associate the model components, and generate a 4D construction simulation animation. The installation deviation of steel structure and the compaction degree of earthwork are dynamically recorded into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map and automatically warn of areas exceeding the standard. Compare the progress of the 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for the lag, and adjust the resource allocation through the BIM model; The steps for establishing a full-discipline BIM model of the dam and automatically detecting conflicts between disciplines specifically include: Topographical data of the dam area were obtained through oblique photography by drones and lidar scanning; geological survey reports and hydrological monitoring data were collected to determine geological data and hydrological conditions; Based on the design drawings, extract the type, specifications, quantity and connection method of the steel structure, use steel structure design software to create a three-dimensional model of the steel structure, and perform collision detection and optimization design. Based on the design cross-section and topographic data of the dam, the excavation volume, filling volume and compaction requirements of earth and rock are calculated, and a three-dimensional model of earth and rock is generated using earthwork calculation software. BIM platform-based conflict detection tools are used for geometric conflict detection, logical conflict detection, and data conflict detection. The steps of calculating the excavation volume, filling volume, and compaction requirements of earthwork based on the design cross-section and topographic data of the dam, and generating a three-dimensional model of the earthwork using earthwork calculation software, specifically include: The topographic data of the dam is converted into a digital elevation model to obtain the original topographic surface; the coordinates of the control points of the dam's design cross section are extracted. Based on the geological survey report, the rock and soil types, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area are obtained. Based on the rock and soil types, shear strength, and compression modulus of the dam area, geological modeling software is used to interpolate the discrete borehole data into a continuously spatially distributed geological attribute field to obtain the geological correction coefficient field. Obtain the type of construction machinery, the thickness of each layer, and the number of compaction passes, and calculate the construction process coefficient based on these parameters. Based on the original terrain surface and control point coordinates, the discrete design control points are expanded into a continuous surface using the triangulation method to obtain the design elevation surface. The elevation difference between the design elevation surface and the original topographic surface is calculated, and the elevation difference is integrated with the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the reference volume. If the elevation difference is negative, it is an excavation area, and the amplification effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the excavation volume is deducted. If the elevation difference is positive, it is an embankment area, and the compression effect of the geological correction coefficient field on the embankment volume is considered. Obtain real-time compaction status distribution data for each area; generate a theoretical maximum compaction field based on the soil and rock material type of the filling area; Based on the distribution data of real-time compaction status and the theoretical maximum compaction field, areas with insufficient compaction are screened out; Based on the distribution data of real-time compaction state, the theoretical maximum compaction field, and the construction process coefficient, the volume of additional fill required for the insufficient compaction area is calculated, and the volume of additional fill required is adjusted using the geological correction coefficient field to obtain the corrected volume. In the BIM platform, the distribution data of the corrected volume, geological correction coefficient field, and real-time compaction state are bound to the three-dimensional model components to obtain a three-dimensional model of earthwork with attributes. The BIM model-based simulation of the entire construction process demonstrates the steps of earthwork excavation, steel structure installation, and layered filling and compaction in stages, specifically including: Based on the BIM platform, the corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage are determined. These parameters include construction time, construction machinery, work efficiency, and the number and distribution of construction personnel. By utilizing the construction simulation function of the BIM platform, the entire construction process is dynamically simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed to check for collisions and conflicts during the construction process. The steps of using the construction simulation function of the BIM platform to dynamically simulate the entire construction process, analyze the simulation results, and check for collisions and conflicts during construction specifically include: Obtain the positioning data of construction machinery, calculate the real-time distance between the construction point and the material storage yard based on the positioning data, and obtain the dynamic transportation distance; The number of collisions per hour is obtained based on the collision detection report of the BIM platform, and the construction interference intensity is quantified based on the number of collisions to obtain the conflict interference factor; The benchmark construction rate is defined according to the mechanical performance manual, and the initial efficiency weight is set by combining the benchmark construction rate with the manpower allocation table. Obtain the real-time mechanical input, real-time human input, and upper limit of mechanical and human configuration. Based on the initial efficiency weight, real-time mechanical input, real-time human input, and upper limit of mechanical and human configuration, calculate the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item. The dynamic transportation distance is exponentially decayed to quantify the efficiency decrease caused by the increase in distance, thus obtaining the transportation loss factor; The benchmark construction rate is adjusted and updated using conflict interference factor, transportation loss factor, mechanical efficiency contribution item and human efficiency contribution item to obtain the comprehensive construction efficiency updated in real time. A discrete event simulation model is established in the BIM platform. The time consumption of each process is calculated based on the real-time updated comprehensive construction efficiency and construction task volume to obtain the process time axis. The process timeline is combined with the BIM model for dynamic simulation to obtain the simulation rate; Based on the rate deviation between the actual construction rate and the simulated rate, the mechanical efficiency contribution item and the human efficiency contribution item are adjusted proportionally to obtain the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution item and the optimized human efficiency contribution item. Based on the buffer time in the process timeline, the conflict-affected areas are marked with color gradients in the BIM model to obtain a conflict heatmap. Based on the conflict heat map, a list of high-interference areas is obtained. Based on the optimized mechanical efficiency contribution and the optimized human efficiency contribution, resource allocation suggestions are generated to adjust the direction of high-interference areas, so as to realize dynamic simulation of the entire construction process.

2. The construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of importing the project schedule into the BIM platform, associating model components, and generating a 4D construction simulation animation specifically include: Import the completed project schedule into the BIM platform, assign corresponding construction tasks to each model component, and establish the relationship between the model component and the schedule. The 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation, which intuitively shows the time progress and spatial changes during the dam construction process.

3. The construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The 4D construction simulation function based on the BIM platform integrates the 3D model with the schedule to generate a 4D construction simulation animation. The specific steps include: Read the planned quantities of work at the current time node from the schedule and obtain real-time construction data; clean the planned quantities and real-time construction data to obtain the effective planned quantities and effective actual quantities; Obtain the construction task type at the current time node, set the proportional correction coefficient according to the construction task type at the current time node, calculate the relative deviation ratio between the effective planned quantity and the effective actual quantity, and adjust it using the proportional correction coefficient to obtain the standardized schedule deviation rate. Fit the attenuation coefficient using historical data and provide a base transparency; Obtain the absolute value of the standardized schedule deviation rate to characterize the degree of deviation; based on the basic transparency, substitute the absolute value of the standardized schedule deviation rate into an exponential function to calculate the transparency decay, so as to obtain dynamic transparency. Construct a color mapping rule library for the red-yellow-green gradient color system, determine the activation of the green-yellow gradient channel or the red channel based on the deviation direction of the standardized progress deviation rate, generate a color code composed of the three primary color components of red, green and blue, and obtain RGB color values; Write the dynamic transparency into the transparency attribute field of the component in the BIM model, write the RGB color value into the material color attribute field of the component in the BIM model, and match the rendering priority according to the construction task type to which the component belongs, to obtain a BIM model with dynamic attributes. The BIM model with dynamic attributes is used to generate a 4D construction simulation animation based on the process timeline, resulting in a 4D construction simulation animation that incorporates schedule deviations.

4. The construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps of dynamically recording steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction degrees into the BIM model to generate a quality heat map specifically include: Real-time data collection of steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction was conducted using a total station, level, and compaction tester. Through IoT technology, the collected data is transmitted to the BIM platform, the steel structure installation deviation data is entered into the attribute information of the steel structure model components, and the earthwork compaction degree is entered into the attribute information of the earthwork model components. A quality heatmap is generated based on the entered key data, with green representing areas that meet quality standards, yellow representing areas that are close to exceeding quality standards, and red representing areas that exceed quality standards.

5. The construction method for steel structure earth-rock dam based on BIM technology according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps of comparing the progress of 4D construction simulation with the actual progress and analyzing the reasons for the lag include: Upload the actual progress data of the dam construction, compare the actual progress data with the planned progress data in the 4D construction simulation, and calculate the progress deviation; Earned value analysis is used to quantify schedule deviations, identify the causes of lags, and then conduct simulation analysis based on these causes to assess the degree of impact on construction progress.

6. A BIM-based steel structure earth-rock dam construction system, applied to the BIM-based steel structure earth-rock dam construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The system includes: The BIM model creation module is used to create a full-discipline BIM model of the dam, automatically detect conflicts between disciplines, and the BIM model includes topography, geological data, hydrological conditions, steel structure information and earthwork geometric properties. The construction process simulation module is used to simulate the entire construction process based on the BIM model, demonstrating earthwork excavation, steel structure installation and layered filling and compaction in stages. The 4D construction simulation module is used to import project schedules into the BIM platform, associate model components, and generate 4D construction simulation animations. The quality heat map generation module is used to dynamically input steel structure installation deviations and earthwork compaction into the BIM model, generate quality heat maps, and automatically issue early warnings for areas exceeding the standards. The construction progress analysis module is used to compare the progress of 4D construction simulation with the actual progress, analyze the reasons for the lag, and adjust resource allocation through the BIM model.

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