Sensing battery core, sensing integrated circuit, battery and battery power management method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sensing battery cell, a sensing integrated circuit, a battery and a battery power management method, the sensing battery cell comprising: a plurality of battery cells having a first battery configuration network, the first battery configuration network being a series network or a parallel network or a combination thereof; and the sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel with each battery cell and is used for sensing performance parameters of the plurality of battery cells, the sensing integrated circuit comprises a functional circuit, and the functional circuit can be enabled to implement a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell meeting a set condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a management system and method for a power battery, and more particularly to a sensing battery cell, a sensing integrated circuit, a battery, and a battery power management method. Background Art

[0002] Batteries are broadly defined as devices that convert pre-stored energy into electrical energy for external use and are widely used in daily life. Common applications include portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, and watches; power sources for electric vehicles; energy storage systems used to store renewable energy; power supplies for medical equipment; and IoT devices such as wireless sensors, providing continuous power for modern technology. Batteries can be divided into "primary batteries" and "secondary batteries." "Primary batteries" are disposable batteries that are disposed of after a single use. Batteries that can be recharged and recycled are called "secondary batteries," "storage batteries," or "rechargeable batteries." The following descriptions of "batteries" all refer to "secondary batteries," "storage batteries," or "rechargeable batteries."

[0003] The amount of power required for different applications determines how the battery is composed. Small electronic devices such as watches or remote controls usually use a single or several small-capacity batteries to provide a small amount of energy to meet the needs. Electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets require higher power and endurance, and are usually composed of several batteries. For larger power requirements, such as electric vehicles or energy storage systems, more battery cells (or battery cells) are used to form high-power power batteries. This high-power power battery increases the voltage, current or capacity through series or parallel or series-parallel or parallel-series configuration networks to ensure a long-term and stable power supply. The power battery is designed and adjusted according to the needs of different applications.

[0004] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B . Figure 1 A circuit diagram showing a conventional power battery 10 formed by a series-parallel network configuration is shown. Figure 2A for Figure 1 An equivalent circuit diagram of the battery pack 20 is shown. Figure 2B for Figure 2A A further equivalent circuit diagram of the battery pack 20 is shown. Figure 1 The power battery 10 shown is composed of a plurality of battery packs 20 connected in series. Each battery pack 20 is composed of a plurality of battery cells 1 connected in series and parallel. The rated voltage (the average value of the output voltage over the longest time, in volts) provided by each battery cell 1 is represented by the symbol V, and the battery capacity (the current value when the capacity reaches zero after one hour of discharge, in milliampere-hours) is represented by the symbol Q. Figure 2AThe equivalent circuit of the battery pack 20 shown can be viewed as a parallel network of several equivalent batteries 11, with each equivalent battery 11 being equivalent to a series connection of several battery cells 1. For example, a series connection of four battery cells 1 is used. The rated voltage of the equivalent battery 11 is 4V, and the battery capacity Q is 1 milliampere-hour (mA*h). Figure 2B The equivalent circuit of the battery pack 20 shown can be regarded as an equivalent battery 13 , which is the equivalent of several equivalent batteries 11 connected in parallel. Figure 1 The battery pack 20 shown is configured as a 4-series, 10-parallel network. The rated voltage of the battery pack 20 is 4V, and the battery capacity Q is 101 milliampere-hours. The power battery 10 is configured as a 10-series battery pack 20. The rated voltage is 40V, and the battery capacity Q is 101 milliampere-hours or 4001 milliwatt-hours.

[0005] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B , Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing another conventional power battery 10 formed by a parallel-series network is shown. Figure 4A for Figure 3 The equivalent circuit diagram of the battery pack 30 is shown, Figure 4B for Figure 4A A further equivalent circuit diagram of the battery pack 30 is shown. Figure 3 The power battery 10 shown is composed of a plurality of battery packs 30 connected in series. Each battery pack 30 is composed of a plurality of battery cells 1 connected in parallel and series. The rated voltage provided by each battery cell 1 is represented by the symbol V, and the battery capacity is represented by the symbol Q. Figure 4A The equivalent circuit of the illustrated battery pack 30 can be viewed as a network of multiple equivalent batteries 12 connected in series, with each equivalent battery 12 being equivalent to multiple battery cells 1 connected in parallel. For example, ten battery cells 1 connected in parallel have a rated voltage of V volts and a battery capacity of Q of 101 milliampere-hours. Figure 4B The equivalent circuit of the battery pack 30 shown can be regarded as an equivalent battery 14 , which is regarded as a series connection of several equivalent batteries 12 . Figure 3 The battery pack 30 shown is configured as a 10-parallel-4-series network. The rated voltage of the battery pack 30 is 4V, and the battery capacity Q is 101 milliampere-hours. The power battery 10 is configured as a 10-cell series network. The rated voltage is 40V, and the battery capacity Q is 101 milliampere-hours or 4001 milliwatt-hours.

[0006] As mentioned above, as the power demand of an application increases, the number of battery cells required in the power battery increases, potentially requiring thousands or even tens of thousands of cells. For example, the power battery system for Tesla electric vehicles requires approximately 10,000 cells. Public certification information from China in 2023 indicates that the new Model 3 rear-wheel drive and Model 3 LR models will be equipped with battery capacities of 60 kilowatt-hours (KWh) and 78.4 kilowatt-hours (KWh), respectively.

[0007] A performance comparison between ternary lithium batteries (Ternary Lithium Battery) and lithium iron phosphate batteries (Lithium Iron Phosphate) shows that although the advantages of Lithium Iron Phosphate are reflected in low cost, long cycle life, and superior safety, ternary lithium battery cells are still used in the power battery market for mid-to-high-end passenger vehicles. In addition to the high energy density, long driving range, high performance output, and small size of ternary lithium batteries, which meet the requirements of mid-to-high-end electric vehicles for long driving range and reduced vehicle weight and space, making ternary lithium batteries the preferred choice for mid-to-high-end electric vehicles, the consistency of battery cell quality is a major factor. Since the charging, discharging, and service life of battery cells are deeply affected by battery quality, and the number of battery cells required for electric vehicles is huge, it is not easy to maintain the same lifespan and safety quality for thousands of battery cells. Therefore, the capacity and life of power batteries are deeply affected by the consistency of battery cell quality, which is an issue that the industry is concerned about and urgently needs to solve.

[0008] In recent years, news reports of electric vehicle batteries spontaneously combusting while charging or after external impacts have frequently endangered the lives of drivers and passengers. This has led consumers to hesitate about purchasing electric vehicles, even developing a "battery phobia," and has heightened awareness of power battery safety. Daily operation of power batteries can cause three types of irreversible damage to battery cells: overcharging, over-discharging, and rapid charging. Experts recommend reducing the frequency of rapid charging. Inconsistency in the quality of thousands of battery cells can accelerate the deterioration of power batteries. This is further explained below.

[0009] Overcharging affects battery performance: Overcharging refers to the act of continuing to charge a battery after it has been fully charged. Generally, the internal pressure of a battery will not increase significantly after a full charge. However, if the charging current is still too high or the charging time is too long, the oxygen that is generated will not be consumed quickly, which may cause adverse effects such as increased internal pressure, battery deformation, and leakage. Furthermore, its electrical performance will be significantly reduced.

[0010] Overdischarge affects battery performance: Overdischarge occurs when a battery continues to discharge after it has exhausted its internal stored charge and the voltage has reached a certain value. The discharge cutoff voltage is typically determined based on the discharge current. Overdischarge can have catastrophic consequences, especially high-current or repeated overdischarge. Generally speaking, overdischarge increases the battery's internal pressure and damages the reversibility of the active materials in the positive and negative electrodes. Even charging can only partially restore the battery's capacity, resulting in a significant decrease in capacity.

[0011] Fast charging affects battery cell lifespan: While improvements in battery cell materials and design have enabled rapid lithium ion insertion and extraction, high voltages and currents still cause battery wear. Most products offering fast charging solutions fail to address the impact of fast charging on battery cell lifespan from a battery perspective.

[0012] Furthermore, issues with battery cell quality consistency can lead to differences in battery capacity over extended use, causing power batteries composed of cells of varying capacities to experience issues like leakage and zero voltage. Given that the network structure of existing power batteries' cells cannot be adjusted and the performance parameters or degradation state of each cell cannot be accurately sensed, capacity differences during charging can cause some cells to be overcharged and others to be undercharged. Furthermore, during discharge, some high-capacity cells remain partially discharged, while lower-capacity cells are over-discharged. This vicious cycle accelerates damage to power batteries.

[0013] by Figure 1 and Figure 2A For example, the equivalent battery 11 of a battery pack 20 is equivalent to four battery cells 1 connected in series. If one of the four battery cells 1 degrades and its rated voltage V drops, the rated voltage of the equivalent battery 11 will be less than 4V. Without the ability to adjust the network configuration, each time the battery pack 20 performs a rated charge, the degraded battery cell 1 will be overcharged. Even if the other three battery cells 1 have been charged to their rated voltage V, the rated voltage of the equivalent battery 11 may still be less than 4V, causing the other three battery cells 1 to overcharge. Furthermore, if the terminal voltage of the equivalent battery 11 drops below the terminal voltage of the other equivalent batteries 11 due to degradation of one battery cell 1, the other equivalent batteries 11 will discharge after the battery pack 20 stops charging, and the degraded equivalent battery 11 will be charged, generating additional heat. Each time the battery pack 20 discharges, the degraded equivalent battery 11 may be overcharged, while the other equivalent batteries 11 may not be fully discharged. When the power battery 10 operates for a long time, the battery pack 20 will be damaged more quickly, which will cause the power battery 10 to be damaged more quickly and shorten its lifespan.

[0014] Similarly, Figure 3 and Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B For example, the equivalent battery 12 of a battery pack 30 is equivalent to several battery cells 1 connected in parallel. If one of the battery cells 1 in the equivalent battery 12 degrades, causing its capacity to decrease, and the network configuration cannot be adjusted, the degraded battery cell 1 may be over-discharged each time the equivalent battery 12 is discharged. When the terminal voltage of the degraded battery cell 1 is lower than that of the other parallel battery cells 1, the other parallel battery cells 1 will charge the degraded battery cell 1, generating additional heat. Furthermore, the degraded equivalent battery 12 causes the rated voltage V to drop. Each time the battery pack 30 is charged to its rated voltage, the degraded equivalent battery 12 will be overcharged. Even if the other equivalent batteries 12 have been charged to the rated voltage V, the rated voltage of the equivalent battery 14 is insufficient, causing the other equivalent batteries 12 to be overcharged. When the power battery 10 operates for a long time, the battery pack 30 will be damaged more quickly, which will cause the power battery 10 to be damaged more quickly and shorten its lifespan.

[0015] Therefore, the lifespan of power batteries is a concern for all consumers, especially those preparing to trade in their old electric vehicles for new ones. Current technology doesn't allow for accurate measurement of the quality and lifespan of used power batteries or their individual cells, which can affect the resale value of older electric vehicles. Similarly, consumers purchasing used electric vehicles are also concerned about battery lifespan, even demanding a warranty. After all, power batteries are a valuable component, and no one wants to buy a used electric vehicle with a battery that could fail at any time.

[0016] Battery cell consistency is a key indicator of power battery quality. The performance of individual battery cells depends on the materials used. If the overall assembly of a "high-power" power battery has cell consistency issues, that is, after multiple layers of series-parallel or parallel-parallel connection, the cell consistency issues will directly affect the power battery's capacity and lifespan, leading to safety issues and increased manufacturing and maintenance costs. Therefore, to maintain quality, existing power batteries all consider cell consistency as a key indicator.

[0017] Battery cell consistency issues, resulting in inconsistencies in cell capacity, charge and discharge voltages, and other factors, not only impact battery performance but also pose safety risks to power battery applications. For example, mid- to high-end passenger vehicles using power batteries constructed from ternary lithium-ion battery cells have been reported to have caught fire during rapid charging and after impact.

[0018] Numerous factors can influence battery cell consistency, including battery materials, production processes, BMS systems, and even factory inspections. Battery materials, such as the electrolyte ratio and purity, solvent purity, active material particle size and distribution, material composition stability, and the stability and uniformity of separator parameters, including diaphragm porosity, thickness tolerance, and static electricity. Production processes, such as poor stability of cell production equipment, low automation levels, low machining precision, and poor matching between equipment and process, can all affect power cell consistency. Furthermore, the design quality of the BMS system also directly impacts power cell consistency.

[0019] Until now, the industry has focused on resolving battery cell consistency issues, primarily addressing the internals of the battery, such as the separator and electrolyte. However, particularly in the area of high-power batteries, the sheer number of cells required for electric vehicles makes it challenging to ensure that tens of thousands of these cells have the same lifespan and safety performance.

[0020] Due to the battery cell manufacturing process, the stability and uniformity of battery material composition, the storage environment, and the charging and discharging methods, the inability of each battery cell to maintain consistent performance parameters or degradation after long-term use will directly affect the capacity and lifespan of the power battery, leading to safety hazards and increased manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0021] Existing power batteries designed to meet varying energy demands are often constructed from hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of battery cells to create "high-power" batteries. However, existing technology makes it impossible to accurately sense the performance parameters or degradation status of each battery cell and adjust the battery network. Consequently, existing power batteries are unable to implement corresponding measures for poorly performing (below-standard-deviation) battery cells.

[0022] Existing power batteries cannot accurately detect the performance parameters or degradation status of each individual cell. Instead, they can only assess the capacity and lifespan of a power battery based on the performance parameters of a local "equivalent battery." If cell consistency issues cause the performance parameters of a local "equivalent battery" to fail the assessment criteria, the entire power battery must be replaced, resulting in excessive cell wear, waste of raw material resources, and exorbitant maintenance costs for users.

[0023] According to existing technology, existing power batteries are unable to accurately sense the performance parameters or degradation status of each battery cell. They can only display or provide information about the power battery based on the performance of a "single equivalent battery". They are unable to display or provide the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery, nor can they indicate the position of each battery cell in the power battery's structural network.

[0024] Due to the differences in cell materials, various types of battery cells perform differently under temperature environments. According to existing technologies, existing power batteries are unable to accurately sense the performance parameters or degradation status of each battery cell, making it difficult for existing power batteries to mix various types of battery cells, and unable to manage the mutual charging and discharging of various types of battery cells, making existing power batteries suitable for extreme temperature environments.

[0025] Therefore, existing power batteries have the following deficiencies or areas for improvement.

[0026] First, when existing power batteries are used as system energy, when the performance of one or some of the battery cells deteriorates, resulting in a decrease in the charging and discharging efficiency of the power battery, the power battery cannot know which battery cell has deteriorated in performance, making it impossible to update or immediately isolate the battery cell with deteriorated performance.

[0027] Second, existing power batteries are unable to accurately measure the performance of each battery cell. As a result, when the charge and discharge efficiency of the power battery decreases, it is impossible to know which battery cell or cells are responsible for the performance degradation. It is also impossible to identify the battery cells with performance degradation and their location in the battery network of the power battery.

[0028] Third, existing power batteries are packaged in a battery pack network with non-replaceable battery cells. Once the charge and discharge efficiency of the packaged power battery decreases, only the packaged power battery can be replaced and local battery cells cannot be replaced.

[0029] Fourth, the battery cell network of the existing power battery is fixed and cannot be adjusted. When the performance of one or part of the battery cells deteriorates, the existing power battery cannot improve its charge and discharge efficiency under the fixed battery network.

[0030] Fifth, existing battery management systems are unable to manage and manage the charging and discharging of power batteries composed of cells containing a mix of different cell materials. For example, sodium-ion batteries can provide a temperature environment suitable for the operation of ternary lithium batteries in a colder environment.

[0031] Sixth, the battery cell status of existing power batteries cannot be sensed or controlled by the battery network, making it impossible to realize smart batteries.

[0032] Seventh, existing power batteries constructed with ternary lithium battery cells cannot immediately isolate ternary lithium battery cells with performance degradation, making the power battery susceptible to charge and discharge performance degradation or high-risk crises.

[0033] Eighth, existing power batteries do not have the function of selectively starting battery balancing management to improve the performance and service life of the power batteries.

[0034] Ninth, existing power batteries cannot provide a user interface to display the battery configuration network of the power battery (one of series, parallel, series-parallel, and parallel-series) and the usage status of each battery cell. Summary of the Invention

[0035] The present invention can provide a power battery solution based on a sensing chip (chip or integrated circuit) to accurately sense the performance parameters V, I, R, and T of each battery cell. It can then implement corresponding measures (isolation or power balancing) for battery cells that become inconsistent after long-term use, thereby realizing a "smart battery" with great industrial practicality and utilization.

[0036] Furthermore, the present invention further provides a power battery solution by precisely sensing the performance parameters of each battery cell and evaluating the quality of each battery cell based on the average number of times and the standard deviation number of times to maintain the quality of the power battery.

[0037] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a power battery solution based on a sensing chip to sense the performance parameters of each battery cell and dynamically adjust the battery structure network of the power battery.

[0038] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a sensing chip and method thereof.

[0039] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a battery network and method thereof.

[0040] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a gateway chip and method thereof.

[0041] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a battery cell sensing method.

[0042] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a smart battery and a method thereof.

[0043] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a power battery and a method thereof.

[0044] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a battery management system and method thereof.

[0045] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an information system and method for managing battery history.

[0046] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a battery status display system and method thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The present invention may be further understood with reference to the following figures and descriptions. Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described with reference to the following figures. The components in the figures are not necessarily to actual size; the emphasis is on illustrating the structure and principles.

[0048] Figure 1 A circuit diagram showing a conventional power battery network in a series-parallel configuration.

[0049] Figure 2A and Figure 2B express Figure 1 Equivalent circuit diagram.

[0050] Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing another conventional power battery network formed by a parallel-series configuration.

[0051] Figure 4A and Figure 4B The equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 2 is shown.

[0052] Figure 5 A block diagram of the smart battery of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 6A and Figure 6B A block diagram showing two sensing battery cells of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 7 show Figure 6A and Figure 6B Block diagram of the sensing integrated circuit shown.

[0055] Figure 8A show Figure 6A Detailed circuit diagram of the functional circuit shown.

[0056] Figure 8B show Figure 6B A detailed circuit diagram of the functional circuit shown.

[0057] Figure 8C show Figure 6B Another detailed circuit diagram of the functional circuit shown.

[0058] Figure 9 Block diagram showing multiple sensing cells connected in parallel.

[0059] Figure 10 A block diagram of the gateway integrated circuit of the present invention is shown.

[0060] Figure 11 A block diagram showing the power battery of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 12 A block diagram illustrating a string balancing circuit for smart batteries connected in series according to the present invention is shown.

[0062] Figure 13A and Figure 13B A circuit diagram illustrating string balancing between two smart batteries connected in series.

[0063] Figure 14A diagram showing the information of the battery management system of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 15 A flow chart showing the battery management method of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 16A A schematic diagram of a screen showing a battery status display of a power battery of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 16B A schematic diagram of a screen showing a battery status display of a smart battery according to the present invention.

[0067] Figure 16C A schematic diagram of a screen showing a battery status display of a sensing battery cell according to the present invention.

[0068] Figure 16D A schematic diagram of a screen showing another battery status display of a sensing battery cell according to the present invention.

[0069] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0070] 1. Battery cell; 10. Power battery; 11. Equivalent battery; 12. Equivalent battery; 13. Equivalent battery; 14. Equivalent battery; 20. Battery pack; 30. Battery pack; 100. Sensing battery cell; 120. Sensing integrated circuit; 121. Microcontroller unit; 122. Battery measurement circuit; 1221. Battery temperature measurement circuit; 1222. Battery voltage measurement circuit; 123. Current measurement circuit; 124. Communication module; 125. Non-volatile memory; 126. Functional circuit; 1260. Common pin; 200. Gateway integrated circuit; 210. Microcontroller unit; 220. First communication module; 230. Second communication module; 240. Non-volatile memory; 250. String balancing circuit; 300. Wireless module; 500. Smart battery; 1000. Power battery; 2000. In-vehicle system; 3000. Information platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The present invention will be more fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, with specific exemplary embodiments shown by way of illustration. However, the claimed subject matter may be embodied in many different forms, and thus the construction of the claimed subject matter as covered or claimed is not limited to any exemplary embodiment disclosed herein; the exemplary embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only. Similarly, the present invention is intended to provide a reasonably broad scope for the claimed or claimed subject matter as covered. Furthermore, the drawings and illustrations herein are generally not drawn to scale and are not intended to correspond to actual relative dimensions.

[0072] For the purpose of consistency and ease of understanding, the same features are indicated by reference numerals in the exemplary drawings (although in some examples they are not so indicated). However, the features in different embodiments may differ in other respects and should not be narrowly limited to the features shown in the drawings. The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the specification of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. The terms "upper" and "lower" refer to the relative positions of adjacent objects, rather than absolute upper and lower positions. The terms of the embodiments contained in this specification will be explained below.

[0073] An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a chip or wafer, is a miniaturized circuit that integrates components and circuits made of semiconductor materials onto a substrate.

[0074] A battery cell, also known as a single battery or battery unit, is the smallest battery cell that constitutes the sensing battery cell or smart battery of the present invention and can be implemented by a battery cell or similar energy storage unit in the prior art.

[0075] In all embodiments of the present invention, a degraded or aging battery cell is not a battery cell that cannot be charged or discharged. In different embodiments of the present invention, a degraded or aging battery cell refers to a battery cell whose internal resistance, as accurately measured by the method of the present invention, is higher than the internal resistance in the initial activation state by 3% or 5% or a preset threshold, or whose battery capacity, as accurately measured by the method of the present invention, is lower than the battery capacity in the initial activation state by 5% or 10% or a preset threshold, or whose battery parameters, as accurately measured by the method of the present invention, differ from the battery parameters in the initial activation state by reaching a preset threshold. By implementing corresponding measures in the system or method of the present invention, the degraded or aging battery cell can be temporarily isolated from the battery network of the present invention to avoid overcharging or overdischarging, or can be rejoined to the battery network of the present invention for charging or discharging.

[0076] The "sensory battery cell" of the present invention includes multiple battery cells and the sensing chip of the present invention, wherein the battery cells are configured as a series network or a parallel network, and the multiple pins of the sensing chip are connected in parallel to each battery cell, and can controllably open or close the charge and discharge circuits of the multiple battery cells.

[0077] The "intelligent battery" of the present invention comprises a plurality of sensing battery cells of the present invention and at least one gateway chip of the present invention, wherein the sensing battery cells and the gateway chip are configured as a parallel network.

[0078] Please also refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6A 、 Figure 6B , Figure 5 A block diagram showing the smart battery 500 of the present invention is shown. Figure 6A and Figure 6B Block diagrams of two sensing battery cells according to the present invention are shown. In one embodiment of the present invention, a smart battery 500 includes multiple sensing battery cells 100 and a gateway integrated circuit 200, wherein the sensing battery cells 100 and the gateway integrated circuit 200 are configured as a parallel network. Each sensing battery cell 100 includes multiple battery cells 1 and a sensing integrated circuit 120. The sensing integrated circuit 120 senses the temperature of each battery cell 1 and measures performance parameters of each battery cell 1. These performance parameters are used to assess the degree of degradation of each battery cell and include, but are not limited to, open-circuit voltage (Vopen), charge and discharge current, charge and discharge internal resistance, and charge and discharge cycles related to battery temperature, or calculations based on these parameters or measurements. The gateway integrated circuit 200 communicates with each sensing integrated circuit 120 to receive the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the smart battery 500. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the gateway integrated circuit 200 assesses the degradation of one of the multiple battery cells 1 based on the performance parameters of each battery cell 1. The multiple battery cells 1 of the smart battery 500 may include sensing battery cells 100 made of different materials, and the sensing integrated circuit 120 accurately measures the performance parameters of each battery cell to maintain the common charging and discharging of the battery cells made of different materials to avoid overcharging or over-discharging.

[0079] In another embodiment of the present invention, a smart battery 500 includes multiple sensing battery cells 100, a gateway integrated circuit 200, and a wireless module 300. The sensing battery cells 100 and the gateway integrated circuit 200 are configured as a parallel network. Each sensing battery cell 100 includes multiple battery cells 1 and a sensing integrated circuit 120. The sensing integrated circuit 120 accurately senses the temperature of each battery cell 1 and measures the performance parameters of each battery cell 1. The gateway integrated circuit 200 communicates with each sensing integrated circuit 120 and receives the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the smart battery 500 from each sensing integrated circuit 120. The gateway integrated circuit 200 communicates with an information platform 3000 via the wireless module 300 to transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the smart battery 500 to the information platform 3000. The information platform 3000 is a cloud server system or an onboard system of an electric vehicle, and is used to assess the degradation of one of the multiple battery cells 1.

[0080] Continue to refer Figure 6A and Figure 6B, wherein the battery configuration networks of the two different battery cells 1 are different: a series network and a parallel network, respectively. The sensing battery cell 100 of the present invention comprises a plurality of battery cells 1, a plurality of temperature sensors, and a sensing integrated circuit 120, wherein each temperature sensor senses the temperature T of a corresponding battery cell 1. The sensing integrated circuit 120 comprises a functional circuit FC and a plurality of pins, some of which connect the sensing integrated circuit 120 in parallel with each battery cell 1. Figure 6A A portion of the pins of the sensing integrated circuit 120 are electrically connected in series to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 1 , and a portion of the pins of the sensing integrated circuit 120 are electrically connected to the temperature sensor, so that the sensing integrated circuit 120 can sense the temperature of each battery cell 1 and the terminal voltage defined by the positive and negative electrodes. Figure 6B A portion of the pins of the sensing integrated circuit 120 are electrically connected in parallel to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells 1 , and a portion of the pins of the sensing integrated circuit 120 are electrically connected to temperature sensors, so that the sensing integrated circuit 120 can sense the temperature of each battery cell 1 and the terminal voltage defined by the positive and negative electrodes.

[0081] When one of the multiple battery cells 1 reaches a critical state, the sensing integrated circuit 120 directly enables the functional circuit FC to implement a corresponding measure on at least one or all of the battery cells 1 based on an external instruction or a management instruction of the battery management system and method of the present invention. In various embodiments of the present invention, a battery cell 1 reaching a critical state can be determined by at least some performance parameters of the battery cell 1. For example, the internal resistance accurately measured by the present invention method is higher than the initial internal resistance by 3% or 5% or a predetermined threshold, or the battery capacity accurately measured by the present invention method is lower than the initial battery capacity by 5% or 10% or a predetermined threshold, or the difference between the battery parameters accurately measured by the present invention method and the initial battery parameters reaches a predetermined threshold. The sensing battery cell 100 executes the corresponding measure, which can be achieved by isolating at least one or all of the battery cells 1 from the battery network of the smart battery 500 through the functional circuit FC, or performing battery balancing on at least some of the battery cells. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the functional circuit FC allows at least one battery cell 1 or all battery cells to be temporarily isolated from the battery network, rejoin the battery network for charging or discharging, or adjust the battery network of the smart battery 500 .

[0082] In various embodiments of the present invention, the sensing integrated circuit 120 does not need to enable the functional circuit FC based on an external command. For example, when the sensing integrated circuit 120 detects that the temperature T of one of the battery cells 1 has reached a warning temperature, the sensing integrated circuit 120 directly enables the functional circuit FC, thereby isolating the sensing battery cell 100 from the battery network of the smart battery 500. When the sensing integrated circuit 120 detects that the terminal voltage of one of the battery cells 1 is lower than the terminal voltages of the other battery cells 1 by more than a set value, the sensing integrated circuit 120 directly enables the functional circuit FC to implement cell balancing.

[0083] refer to Figure 7 ,show Figure 6A and Figure 6B The block diagram of the sensing integrated circuit 120 is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the functional circuits FC of the two are different due to the different battery configuration networks, and are shown in FIG. Figure 8A and Figure 8B . The sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention includes a micro control unit (MCU) 121, multiple battery measurement circuits 122 corresponding to multiple battery cells 1, a current measurement circuit 123, a communication module 124, a non-volatile memory (NVM) 125 and a functional circuit 126, wherein each battery measurement circuit 122 corresponding to the battery cell 1 includes a battery temperature measurement circuit 1221 and a battery voltage measurement circuit 1222. The battery temperature measurement circuit 1221 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor of the corresponding battery cell 1 to measure the temperature T of the battery cell 1. The battery voltage measurement circuit 1222 is connected in parallel with the corresponding battery cell 1 to measure the terminal voltage of the battery cell 1. The current measurement circuit 123 measures the charge and discharge current of the sensing battery cell 100, and the charge and discharge current is the current flowing through Figure 8A The current of the circuit switch S00 shown or Figure 8B and Figure 8C The current flowing through the circuit switches S01…S04 is shown. NVM 125 stores a code and information including, but not limited to, the serial number of the sensing battery cell 100, the user serial number, and the serial number and initial performance parameters of each battery cell 1. Functional circuit 126 is electrically connected to the battery network of the sensing battery cell 100, enabling the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention to implement a corresponding action on at least one or all of the battery cells 1 in response to an external command or directly. The MCU 121 executes the code stored in NVM 125 to implement all functions and tasks of the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention. Furthermore, the MCU 121 controls the functional circuit 126 to temporarily disconnect the charging or discharging circuit of the battery cell 1, thereby measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery cell 1.

[0084] The MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention is electrically connected to each battery measurement circuit 122 and the current measurement circuit 123 to measure the temperature T, terminal voltage, and charge / discharge current of each battery cell 1, and calculate the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 associated with the battery temperature T. These performance parameters associated with the battery temperature T include, but are not limited to, open-circuit voltage (Vopen), charge / discharge current, and internal resistance during charge and discharge. The MCU 121 controls the communication module 124 to establish communication with the gateway integrated circuit 200, thereby transmitting the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the sensing integrated circuit 100 to the gateway integrated circuit 200.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the MCU 121 receives an external instruction via the communication module 124, the MCU 121 controls the functional circuit 126 to implement a corresponding measure on at least one battery cell 1 or all of the battery cells 1. The corresponding measure includes isolating at least one battery cell 1 or all of the battery cells 1 from the battery configuration network of the smart battery 500, or implementing power balancing on at least part of the battery cells 1. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the functional circuit 126 allows at least one battery cell 1 or all of the battery cells 1 to be temporarily isolated from the battery configuration network of the smart battery 500, or to rejoin the battery configuration network of the smart battery 500 for charging or discharging. Figure 8A and Figure 8B , further illustrating the electrical connection between the functional circuit 126 and the plurality of battery cells 1 .

[0086] refer to Figure 8A ,show Figure 6AA detailed circuit diagram of the functional circuit 126 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 is shown. In this embodiment, four battery cells 1 are used as an example, but the present invention is not limited to four battery cells 1. The sensing battery cell 100 of the present invention has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The sensing integrated circuit 120 forms a charge-discharge path between the positive and negative terminals. Multiple battery cells 1 are connected in series within the charge-discharge path to form a battery network. The sensing integrated circuit 120 includes a functional circuit 126 and multiple pins, one of which is electrically connected to the positive terminal and another to the negative terminal. The functional circuit 126 is connected in parallel with each battery cell 1 via a portion of the pins. The functional circuit 126 includes a circuit switch S00 and a cell balancing circuit. The circuit switch S00 is located within the charge-discharge path to disconnect (OFF) or connect (ON) the charge-discharge path of the sensing battery cell 100. When the MCU 121 controls the circuit switch S00 to be temporarily disconnected, the battery voltage measurement circuit 1222 can measure the Vopen of each battery cell 1. The cell balancing circuit, under the control of the MCU 121, can perform series cell balancing between battery cells 1 and parallel cell balancing between sensing battery cells 100.

[0087] In various embodiments of the present invention, the circuit switch S00 is located on the charge and discharge path and between the series-connected battery cells 1 and the negative terminal. Figure 8A As shown, or between the series-connected battery cells 1 and the positive terminal. When the MCU 121 can control the loop switch S00 to close or open according to an external instruction or directly, the functional circuit 126 can open or close the charge and discharge path of the sensing battery cell 100 to selectively isolate all battery cells 1 for charging or discharging, or adjust the battery network.

[0088] The power balancing circuit of the functional circuit 126 includes a switching network consisting of multiple switches and multiple capacitors, wherein the multiple switches Sij, i=1…4, j=1,2 of the switching network are used to switch capacitors C1, C2, and C3 to balance the power balance between the battery cells connected in series, and the multiple switches S51 and S52 of the switching network are used to switch capacitor C4 to balance the power balance between the sensing battery cells 100 connected in parallel.

[0089] When the cell balancing circuit does not implement the series balancing function in response to a corresponding measure, all switches are turned off (OFF) and capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 do not transfer energy. When the MCU 121 enables the cell balancing circuit to implement the series balancing function in response to a corresponding measure, the MCU 121 determines the terminal voltage of each battery cell 1 based on the measurement results of the battery voltage measurement circuit 1222. When the terminal voltages of adjacent battery cells 1 exceed a predetermined threshold, the MCU 121 controls switches Sij, i=1…4, j=1,2 to select each capacitor C1, C2, and C3 to transfer energy between adjacent battery cells 1 to balance the charge of the adjacent battery cells 1. For example, MCU 121 controls switches S11 and S21 to conduct simultaneously, or switches S12 and S22 to conduct simultaneously, to selectively connect capacitor C1 in parallel to battery cell V1 or V2. MCU 121 controls switches S21 and S31 to conduct simultaneously, or switches S22 and S32 to conduct simultaneously, to selectively connect capacitor C2 in parallel to battery cell V2 or V3. MCU 121 controls switches S31 and S41 to conduct simultaneously, or switches S32 and S42 to conduct simultaneously, to selectively connect capacitor C3 in parallel to battery cell V3 or V4. In this way, when multiple battery cells 1 are connected in series, the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention can implement a series balancing function between cells with higher energy storage and cells with lower energy storage.

[0090] When the battery voltage measurement circuit 1222 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 measures the Vopen of each battery cell 1, the sensing integrated circuit 120 will notify other sensing integrated circuits 120 through the gateway integrated circuit 200 to prohibit measurement to avoid power interruption in the charging and discharging of the smart battery 500. In addition, the sensing integrated circuit 120 has a common pin 1260. When multiple sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel, the common pin 1260 of each sensing integrated circuit 120 is also electrically connected together. Figure 9 As shown, the parallel-connected sensing battery cells 100 can perform a parallel balancing function. In the energy balancing circuit of the functional circuit 126, one end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the positive terminal, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to switches S51 and S52. When the functional circuit 126 is disabled, the switches S51 and S52 are both turned off, so that the capacitor C4 does not transfer energy.

[0091] When the MCU 121 enables the charge balancing circuit in response to a corresponding measure to perform parallel balancing between the sensing battery cells 100, the MCUs 121 of the two sensing integrated circuits 120 control the switch S52 to conduct, connecting the capacitors C4 of the two sensing integrated circuits 120 in parallel. The MCU 121 of the sensing battery cell 100 with the higher voltage terminal controls the switch S51 to conduct, selectively connecting capacitor C4 in parallel with the sensing battery cell 100 to store charge in capacitor C4 before disconnecting the switch S51. Subsequently, the MCU 121 of the sensing battery cell 100 with the lower voltage terminal controls the switch S51 to conduct, discharging the charge from capacitor C4 to the sensing battery cell 100 before disconnecting the switch S51. In this way, when multiple sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel, the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention can perform parallel balancing between the sensing battery cell with the higher energy storage and the sensing battery cell with the lower energy storage.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 8B ,show Figure 6B A detailed circuit diagram of the functional circuit 126 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 is shown. In this embodiment, four battery cells 1 are used as an example, but the present invention is not limited to four battery cells 1. Multiple battery cells 1 are connected in parallel to form a battery network, with the positive terminal of each battery cell 1 serving as a common terminal. The sensing battery cell 100 of the present invention has a positive terminal and a negative terminal, forming multiple parallel charge and discharge paths between the positive and negative terminals, one corresponding to each battery cell 1. The sensing integrated circuit 120 includes a functional circuit 126 and multiple pins, one of which is electrically connected to the negative terminal, and at least some of which are electrically connected to the negative terminal of each battery cell 1. When multiple sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel, a common pin 1260 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 is electrically connected together, enabling the parallel sensing battery cells 100 to perform a parallel balancing function. When the functional circuit 126 is disabled, all switches are turned off, preventing capacitor C from transferring energy.

[0093] The functional circuit 126 includes a plurality of loop switches S01 to S04 and a power balancing circuit, wherein each loop switch S01 to S04 is respectively located on the charge and discharge path of each battery cell 1 and is respectively used to cut off or conduct the charge and discharge path of each battery cell 1. The power balancing circuit includes a switching network composed of a plurality of switches S11…S51 and a capacitor C. The power balancing circuit can implement parallel power balancing between the battery cells 1 and sense parallel power balancing between the battery cells 100 under the control of the MCU 121. In different embodiments of the present invention, the loop switches S01 to S04 are located between each battery cell 1 and the negative terminal (such as Figure 8B ), or between each battery cell 1 and the positive terminal (as shown Figure 8CWhen the MCU 121 controls the loop switches S01 to S04 to be closed or opened in response to a corresponding measure, the functional circuit 126 can be caused to cut off or open the charge and discharge path of each battery cell 1, thereby selectively isolating at least one or all of the battery cells 1 from charging or discharging, or adjusting the battery network of the smart battery 500.

[0094] Continue to refer Figure 8B The following further describes the operation of the sensing battery cell 100 performing the parallel balancing function of the battery cells 1. When the sensing battery cell 100 performs the parallel balancing function of the battery cells 1, the switch S51 is turned off. For example, if one of the two battery cells 1 has a higher energy storage, V1, and the other has a lower energy storage, V2, the MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 first controls the loop switch S01 to be turned off and the switch S11 to be turned on, so that the battery cell with the higher energy storage, V1, is connected in parallel with the capacitor C. After capacitor C stores energy, the MCU 121 controls the loop switch S01 to be turned on and the switch S11 to be turned off. Subsequently, the MCU 121 controls the loop switch S02 to be turned off and the switch S21 to be turned on, so that the battery cell with the lower energy storage, V2, is connected in parallel with the capacitor C. After capacitor C releases energy to the battery cell with the lower energy storage, V2, the MCU 121 controls the loop switch S02 to be turned on and the switch S21 to be turned off. In this way, when a plurality of battery cells 1 are connected in parallel, the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention can implement a parallel balancing function between any two battery cells 1 with a higher energy storage and a lower energy storage.

[0095] Continue to refer Figure 8B The following further describes the operation of the parallel balancing function performed by two sensing battery cells 100. When the parallel balancing function is performed on the two sensing battery cells 100, the switches S51 of their respective functional circuits 126 are turned on, connecting the two capacitors C in parallel, and the common pins 1260 are electrically connected. For example, the MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100 with the higher energy storage first controls all loop switches S01...S04 to be disconnected and switches S11...S41 to be connected, connecting the higher energy storage cell 100 with the two capacitors C in parallel. After energy is stored in the two parallel capacitors C, the MCU 121 controls all loop switches S01...S04 to be disconnected and switches S11...S41 to be disconnected. Next, the MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the other sensing battery cell with lower energy storage controls all loop switches S01…S04 to be turned off and switches S11…S41 to be turned on, thereby connecting the parallel capacitors C and the battery cell with lower energy storage V2 in parallel. After the two parallel capacitors C release energy to the battery cell with lower energy storage, the MCU 121 controls all loop switches S01…S04 to be turned on and switches S11…S41 to be turned off. In this way, when two sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel, the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the present invention can implement a parallel balancing function between the battery cell with higher energy storage and the battery cell with lower energy storage.

[0096] Figure 8C The circuit diagram of the functional circuit 126 connected in parallel with multiple battery cells 1 is as follows: Figure 8B The functional circuit 126 shown is an equivalent circuit diagram of multiple battery cells 1 connected in parallel. The difference between the two is Figure 8B The positive electrodes of the multiple battery cells 1 shown are common terminals. Figure 8C The negative terminals of the multiple battery cells 1 shown are common. Similarly, when both sensing integrated circuits 120 implement the parallel balancing function for the battery cells 100, the common pin 1260 is electrically connected together. When both sensing integrated circuits 120 implement the parallel balancing function for the multiple battery cells 1, the MCU 121 controls the loop switches S01...S04 and switches S11...S51 in the same manner.

[0097] Accordingly, the present invention provides a sensing integrated circuit and method for accurately measuring the performance parameters of each battery cell, thereby assessing the degree of degradation or aging of each battery cell. The present invention also provides a battery network and method for constructing charge and discharge paths for multiple battery cells. Based on integrated circuit technology, the battery network of the smart battery 500 is adjusted to selectively isolate or re-integrate at least one or a portion of the battery cells 1 for charging or discharging.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 10 , shows a block diagram of the gateway integrated circuit 200. In one embodiment of the present invention, the gateway integrated circuit 200 includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) 210, a first communication module 220, a second communication module 230, a non-volatile memory (NVM) 240, and a string balancing function circuit 250. The first communication module 220 is controlled by the MCU 210 and is used to communicate with the sensing integrated circuit 120 of each sensing battery cell 100 to receive performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of all the sensing battery cells 100 constituting a smart battery 500, such as Figure 11As shown. The second communication module 230 is controlled by the MCU 210 to communicate with an information platform 3000 via an external wireless module 300, or to communicate with the battery management system (BMS) of the vehicle system 2000 via the gateway integrated circuit 200 of the series-connected smart battery 500. This transmits the performance parameters of each battery cell to the information platform 3000 or the BMS. The vehicle system 2000 further includes an energy management system (EMS) and a mini-battery management system (miniBMS). The mini-BMS collects battery information from the power battery 1000 and provides it to the energy management system of the vehicle system 2000 via the BMS. The second communication module 230 is configured to receive an external command regarding an aged battery cell and transmit the external command to the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100 containing the aged battery cell via the first communication module 220, thereby causing the sensing integrated circuit 120 to implement a corresponding action via the functional circuit 126. The external command originates from the information platform 3000.

[0099] In this embodiment of the present invention, the first communication module 220 of the gateway integrated circuit 200 is directly connected to the communication module 124 of each sensing integrated circuit 120, and the gateway integrated circuit 200 polls and reads the performance parameters of all battery cells in each smart battery 500. Furthermore, the wireless module 300 is, for example, a Bluetooth communication module.

[0100] In addition, the NVM 240 stores a program code and includes, but is not limited to, the user serial number, the serial number of the smart battery 500, and the serial number of each sensing battery cell 100 and its initial performance parameters. The MCU 210 executes the program code stored in the NVM 240 to implement all functions and tasks performed by the gateway integrated circuit 200 of the present invention. The string balancing function circuit 250 is controlled by the MCU 210 and is used to implement power balance between the smart batteries 500 connected in series, such as Figure 12 13. The operation of the string balancing circuit 250 will be further described below.

[0101] In various embodiments of the present invention, the gateway integrated circuit 200 can enable the string balancing circuit 250 in response to an external command to balance the energy between the series-connected smart batteries 500, or determine whether to activate the string balancing circuit 250 based on information transmitted by the gateway integrated circuit 200 of the series-connected smart batteries 500. For example, when the difference in terminal voltages between adjacent smart batteries 500 exceeds a set value, the gateway integrated circuit 200 can activate the string balancing circuit 250 to perform energy balancing.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sensing integrated circuit can accurately sense the charge and discharge status of multiple battery cells, synchronously measuring each battery cell's performance parameters, such as Vopen, charging current Ii and discharging current Io, internal resistance Ri and Ro during charging and discharging, and battery temperature T. These performance parameters are used to assess the quality, health, lifespan, and capacity of each battery cell. This is further explained below.

[0103] Evaluate the quality of each battery cell

[0104] The sensing integrated circuit 120 precisely measures the Vopen, Ii / Io, and temperature T of each cell within a sensing battery. This allows the Vopen difference ΔVopen and internal resistance Ri / Ro associated with each cell's temperature T to be calculated and statistically collected. The internal resistance Ri represents the charging internal resistance of the battery cell, while the internal resistance Ro represents the discharging internal resistance of the battery cell. The information platform 3000 of the present invention evaluates the quality of each cell based on the average and standard deviation of the performance parameters of all cells within a power battery, identifying cells with performance parameters outside the standard deviation and implementing corresponding measures.

[0105] by Figure 8A For example, when the cell balancing circuit of the functional circuit 126 is disabled, the MCU 121 controls the circuit switch S00 to temporarily disconnect the charging circuit or the discharging circuit of the battery cell. During the disconnection period, the MCU 121 controls the battery measurement circuit 122 to measure the open-circuit voltage Vopen of each battery cell 1 at a temperature T, thereby calculating the Vopen difference ΔVopen of each battery cell below the temperature T, and thereby evaluating the quality of the battery cell compared to the initial startup state. During the period when the MCU 121 controls the circuit switch S00 to connect the charging circuit or the discharging circuit of the battery cell, the MCU 121 controls the battery measurement circuit 122 and the current measurement circuit 123 to measure the terminal voltage Vbat and the charging or discharging current Ibat of each battery cell 1 at a temperature T, wherein the charging or discharging current Ibat is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the on-resistance of the circuit switch S00. Therefore, the MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 can calculate the internal resistance Rbat of each battery cell 1 associated with the temperature T. The specific calculation formula is Rbat=(Vbat-Vopen) / Ibat.

[0106] by Figure 8B and Figure 8CFor example, when the cell balancing circuit of the functional circuit 126 is disabled, the MCU 121 controls all circuit switches S01 ... S04 to temporarily disconnect the charging circuit or the discharging circuit of each battery cell 1. During the disconnection period, the MCU 121 controls the battery measurement circuit 122 to measure the open-circuit voltage Vopen of each battery cell 1 at a temperature T, thereby calculating the Vopen difference ΔVopen of each battery cell below the temperature T, and thereby evaluating the quality of the battery cell compared to the initial startup state. During the period when the MCU 121 controls the circuit switches S01 ... S04 to connect the charging circuit or the discharging circuit of the battery cell, the MCU 121 controls the battery measurement circuit 122 and the current measurement circuit 123 to measure the terminal voltage Vbat and the charging or discharging current Ibat of each battery cell 1 at a temperature T, wherein the charging or discharging current Ibat is calculated based on the terminal voltage and on-resistance of each circuit switch S01 ... S04. Therefore, the MCU 121 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 can calculate the internal resistance Rbat of each battery cell 1 associated with the temperature T. The specific calculation formula is Rbat=(Vbat-Vopen) / Ibat.

[0107] Assess the health or life of each battery cell

[0108] By accurately measuring Vopen, Ii / Io, and temperature T for each battery cell in a sensing integrated circuit, the charge and discharge status of each battery cell at initial use relative to temperature T, including but not limited to Vopen, difference ΔVopen, charge and discharge current Ii / Io, and internal resistance Ri / Ro, can be recorded and stored. This can then be compared with the charge and discharge status relative to temperature T after long-term use to determine the difference in performance parameters between the charge and discharge states. Therefore, the information platform 3000 of the present invention assesses the health or lifespan of each battery cell based on the difference in charge and discharge status relative to temperature T between initial use and long-term use.

[0109] Evaluate the capacity of each battery cell

[0110] According to the formula Q = IT = CV, where T is time, the present invention uses a sensing integrated circuit to accurately measure Vopen, the difference ΔVopen, and the charge / discharge current Ii / Io associated with each battery cell's temperature. This calculates IiT or IoT at a constant value (i.e., Q is a constant value), and then evaluates the battery cell's charge / discharge capacity (SOC) based on Vopen or ΔVopen.

[0111] According to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides the following aspects.

[0112] The present invention provides a battery power management method for managing the charging or discharging of at least one sensing battery cell. The sensing battery cell comprises a plurality of battery cells and a sensing integrated circuit. The sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to each battery cell. The battery power management method includes: the sensing integrated circuit measures performance parameters of each battery cell, including, but not limited to, Vopen related to battery temperature, charge and discharge internal resistance, charge and discharge cycles, and calculation results thereof; a gateway integrated circuit receives the performance parameters of each battery cell and transmits them to a battery management system; the gateway integrated circuit receives a command from the battery management system, wherein the command indicates a degraded battery cell among the plurality of battery cells; and the gateway integrated circuit notifies the sensing integrated circuit connected in parallel to the degraded battery cell, causing the sensing integrated circuit to implement a corresponding measure on the degraded battery cell, wherein the corresponding measure includes, but is not limited to, isolating the charging and discharging of the sensing battery cell, performing power balancing on the degraded battery cell, or a combination thereof.

[0113] The present invention provides a gateway integrated circuit for transmitting performance parameters of multiple battery cells. The gateway integrated circuit comprises a first communication module, a second communication module, and an MCU, wherein the MCU is electrically connected to the first communication module and the second communication module. The MCU controls the first communication module to receive the performance parameters of the multiple battery cells from at least one sensing integrated circuit, wherein the sensing integrated circuit measures the performance parameters of the battery cells. The MCU controls the second communication module to transmit the battery cell performance parameters to a battery management system, which is used to evaluate the degradation of one of the multiple battery cells.

[0114] The present invention provides a sensing integrated circuit for sensing multiple battery cells, comprising multiple pins, at least one battery measurement circuit, a functional circuit, and an MCU. A portion of the pins is used to connect each battery cell in parallel. The battery measurement circuit is electrically connected to the portion of the pins to measure the open-circuit voltage (Vopen) of each battery cell. The functional circuit is electrically connected to the multiple battery cells via the portion of the pins to implement a corresponding measure. The MCU is electrically connected to the battery measurement circuit to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell and transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell to a gateway integrated circuit. The MCU controls the functional circuit to implement a corresponding measure on a degraded battery cell among the multiple battery cells, wherein the corresponding measure includes isolating the charging and discharging of the sensing battery cell, or performing battery balancing on the degraded battery cell, or a combination thereof.

[0115] The present invention provides a sensing battery cell comprising a plurality of battery cells and a sensing integrated circuit. The plurality of battery cells form a battery network, which can be a series or parallel network. The sensing integrated circuit comprises a plurality of pins and a functional circuit, wherein a portion of the pins is connected in parallel to each battery cell, and the functional circuit is electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells via the pins. The sensing integrated circuit measures the performance parameters of each battery cell, which are used to assess the degree of degradation of each battery cell. The sensing integrated circuit controls the functional circuit to implement a corresponding measure for a battery cell whose degradation reaches a predetermined condition, wherein the corresponding measure includes, but is not limited to, isolated charging and discharging, power balancing, or a combination thereof.

[0116] The present invention provides a smart battery comprising multiple sensing battery cells and at least one gateway integrated circuit. The smart battery has a first battery network. Each sensing battery cell comprises multiple battery cells and a second battery network. Each sensing battery cell comprises a sensing integrated circuit connected in parallel with each battery cell to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell. The gateway integrated circuit is electrically connected to the multiple sensing battery cells and communicates with the sensing integrated circuit of each sensing battery cell to receive the performance parameters of each battery cell and transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell to a battery management system or an information platform.

[0117] The present invention provides a power battery comprising a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of sensing integrated circuits. The plurality of battery cells form a battery network, which is selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-series network for charging or discharging. Each sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or parallel to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell, which are used to assess the degree of degradation of each battery cell. When the degree of degradation of one of the battery cells reaches a set condition, the sensing integrated circuit connected in parallel with the battery cell that has reached the set condition can implement a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell that has reached the set condition.

[0118] The power battery further includes at least one gateway integrated circuit. The gateway integrated circuit transmits the performance parameters of each battery cell to a battery management system, so that the battery management system evaluates whether the degradation degree of each battery cell meets the set condition based on the performance parameters of each battery cell and issues a management instruction to the gateway integrated circuit accordingly.

[0119] refer to Figure 11, showing a block diagram of a power battery 1000 of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, a power battery 1000 includes a plurality of smart batteries 500, and the smart batteries 500 are configured in a series network for charging or discharging. Each smart battery 500 includes a plurality of sensing battery cells 100 and at least one gateway integrated circuit 200, wherein the sensing battery cells 100 are configured in a parallel network or a series network, and the gateway integrated circuit 200 is electrically connected to each sensing battery cell 100, and the gateway integrated circuits 200 of adjacent series-connected smart batteries 500 can communicate with each other. Each sensing battery cell 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 1 and a sensing integrated circuit 120, such as Figure 6A or Figure 6B As shown, the sensing integrated circuit 120 senses the temperature T of each battery cell and measures the performance parameters of each battery cell 1. These performance parameters include, but are not limited to, the open-circuit voltage (Vopen), open-circuit voltage difference (ΔVopen) related to the battery temperature, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge internal resistance, charge and discharge cycles, or calculations based on these parameters or measurements. The gateway integrated circuit 200 communicates with each sensing integrated circuit 120 to receive the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the smart battery 500. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the gateway integrated circuit 200 transmits the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 to an information platform 3000 or a BMS of an in-vehicle system 2000 for evaluating the degradation of one of the multiple battery cells.

[0120] When the sensing battery cell 100 of the present invention is constructed from multiple battery cells 1 and a sensing integrated circuit 120, the manufacturing serial number of each battery cell 1 is written into the NVM 125 of the sensing integrated circuit 120, and each sensing battery cell 100 is also assigned a unique serial number and written into the NVM 125. When the smart battery 500 of the present invention is constructed from multiple sensing battery cells 100 and a gateway integrated circuit 200, the serial number of each sensing battery cell 100 is written into the NVM 240 of the gateway integrated circuit 200, and each smart battery 500 is also assigned a unique serial number and written into the NVM 240. When the power battery 1000 of the present invention is constructed from multiple smart batteries 500 connected in series to form a battery network, each power battery 1000 is also assigned a unique serial number and written into the NVM 240 of the gateway integrated circuit 200. The battery network can be equivalently formed by multiple smart batteries 500, multiple sensing battery cells 100, or multiple battery cells 1. The battery configuration network will record the configuration position of each smart battery 500, each sensing battery cell 100, and each battery cell 1 in the battery configuration network. The aforementioned serial numbers and the battery configuration network will become part of the battery history of the power battery 1000 of the present invention. Once the power battery 1000 of the present invention is owned by a user, a user serial number of the user will also be written into the NVM 125 of the sensing integrated circuit 120 and the NVM 240 of the gateway integrated circuit 200. When a component unit of the power battery 1000 of the present invention (such as a smart battery, a sensing battery cell, or a battery cell) is replaced, the information platform must be authorized by an authenticated mobile device of the user. The serial numbers of the user's power battery 1000, the battery configuration network, and the initial performance parameters of each battery cell 1 will be uploaded to the information system for managing battery history of the present invention, such as Figure 11 The information platform 3000 or vehicle-mounted system 2000 shown in FIG. The information system for managing battery history collects performance parameters of each battery cell 1 during the use of the power battery 1000 to establish multiple time point information of the battery history. This allows the power battery 1000 of the present invention to have a traceable and verifiable battery history, thereby ensuring the secondhand price of the power battery 1000. Each time point information records the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery and is associated with a timestamp.

[0121] In another embodiment of the present invention, a power battery 1000 includes multiple smart batteries 500, which are configured in a series network for charging or discharging. The series-connected smart batteries 500 define a positive terminal and a negative terminal. An external power supply system (not shown) charges the power battery 1000 to its rated capacity via the positive and negative terminals. Furthermore, the power battery 1000 of the present invention provides a charging terminal between at least one pair of the series-connected smart batteries 500. If the external power supply system (not shown) cannot charge the power battery 1000 to its rated capacity, at least one smart battery 500 or a portion of the smart batteries 500 of the power battery 1000 of the present invention can be charged via one of the charging terminals, based on the maximum output power available from the external power supply system. The gateway integrated circuits 200 of adjacent series-connected smart batteries 500 enable communication with each other, and the remaining uncharged smart batteries 500 can activate the string balancing circuit 250 (as shown) to balance the charge between the charged and uncharged smart batteries 500.

[0122] refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13A 、 Figure 13B , the operation of the gateway integrated circuit 200 starting the string balancing function circuit 250 will be further described. Figure 12 show Figure 11 The diagram shows a partial equivalent circuit of a power battery 1000 , wherein the equivalent battery 100 ′ is an equivalent battery in which a plurality of sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel. Figure 13A 、 Figure 13B Detailed circuit diagrams showing the operation of the string balancing function circuit 250 are shown respectively. In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to balance the power balance between the smart batteries 500 connected in series, an external balancing capacitor C is configured between the gateway integrated circuits 200 to transfer energy between the smart batteries 500. The gateway integrated circuit 200 includes: a string balancing function circuit 250, which is used to store energy in the battery cells of the smart battery 500 to at least one balancing capacitor C, or to release energy from at least one balancing capacitor C to the battery cells of the smart battery 500. When the string balancing function is not activated, the switches Phi1 and Phi2 of the string balancing function circuit 250 are cut off, so that the balancing capacitor C does not transfer energy. By communicating with each other through the two gateway integrated circuits 200, for example, when the equivalent battery Vbat_n has a higher energy storage than the equivalent battery Vbat_n+1, the two gateway integrated circuits 200 control the switch Phi2 to be turned on and the switch Phi1 to be turned off, so as to form an equivalent battery Vbat_n in parallel with the balancing capacitor C, such as Figure 13A After the balancing capacitor C is charged, the two gateway integrated circuits 200 control the switch Phi2 to be turned off and the switch Phi1 to be turned on, so as to form an equivalent battery Vbat_n+1 in parallel with the balancing capacitor C, as shown in FIG. Figure 13BAs shown, the balancing capacitor C releases energy to the equivalent battery Vbat_n+1. Conversely, when the energy stored in the equivalent battery Vbat_n+1 is higher than that in the equivalent battery Vbat_n, the two gateway integrated circuits 200 control switches Phi1 and Phi2 to first connect the equivalent battery Vbat_n+1 in parallel with the balancing capacitor C, and then connect the balancing capacitor C in parallel with the equivalent battery Vbat_n, so that the battery with higher energy storage releases energy to the battery with lower energy storage through the balancing capacitor C.

[0123] In various embodiments of the present invention, when the gateway integrated circuit 200 collects performance parameters of each battery cell of each sensing battery cell 100 of the smart battery 500, the gateway integrated circuit 200 transmits the performance parameters via the second communication module 230 to a user authentication terminal (not shown) or a computer information platform 3000 via a wireless module 300, or transmits the performance parameters to the battery management system of the vehicle system 2000 via vertical communication between the two gateway integrated circuits 200.

[0124] refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15 , respectively showing a message diagram and a method flow chart of the battery management system of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, a battery management system is used to manage the charging and discharging of a power battery. The power battery includes a plurality of smart batteries, each of which includes at least one gateway integrated circuit and a plurality of sensing battery cells. Each sensing battery cell includes a sensing integrated circuit and a plurality of battery cells. All the battery cells included in the power battery are charged and discharged using a battery configuration network. The battery management system of the present invention includes an information platform, which is established on a cloud server system or an on-board battery management system.

[0125] The battery management system of the present invention is implemented Figure 15 In the battery management method shown in step S11, the sensing integrated circuit of each sensing battery cell of each smart battery accurately and synchronously measures the temperature, open-circuit voltage, and charge and discharge current of each battery cell to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell. The performance parameters include, but are not limited to, the open-circuit voltage difference (ΔVopen) associated with the battery temperature and the internal resistance during charge and discharge.

[0126] Next, in step S12, the gateway integrated circuit of each smart battery counts the number of cycles of the smart battery and receives the performance parameters of each battery cell in a polling manner ( Figure 14 The information S01 in the power battery is transmitted, and the performance parameters and cycle times of all battery cells of the power battery are transmitted to the information platform ( Figure 14 message S02).

[0127] In step S13, the information platform receives the performance parameters of each battery cell of each smart battery of the power battery. The information platform evaluates whether the performance parameters of each battery cell have reached a critical state to identify the battery cells in the power battery that have reached a critical state. The critical state defines the degree of degradation of a battery cell. When the power battery includes a battery cell that has reached the critical state, the information platform notifies the user of a warning message about the power battery and, if necessary, displays a battery configuration network of the power battery on the vehicle host or user authentication terminal ( Figure 14 The information platform issues a management instruction to the gateway integrated circuit ( Figure 14 Message S03), and then notifies the sensing integrated circuit ( Figure 14 Message S04 in the above text) causes the sensing integrated circuit to implement a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell that has reached the critical state.

[0128] Step S14, the gateway integrated circuit of the smart battery including the battery cell that has reached the critical state receives the management instruction from the information platform ( Figure 14 Message S03) is used to notify the sensing integrated circuit ( Figure 14 Message S04).

[0129] In step S15 , a notification from the gateway integrated circuit is received, and a functional circuit is enabled to implement a corresponding measure on the battery cell that has reached the critical state. The corresponding measure includes, but is not limited to, temporarily or selectively isolating the battery cell that has reached the critical state, or implementing power balancing.

[0130] Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present invention, after receiving the performance parameters of each battery cell, the smart battery's gateway integrated circuit can further transmit the performance parameters to the vehicle host or user authentication terminal (messages S07 and S08) and display a battery configuration network or its equivalent circuit of the power battery, allowing the user to understand the real-time status of the power battery, smart battery, and sensor battery cell (SOC), such as the remaining power or battery quality.

[0131] According to the above embodiments of the present invention, the present invention further provides the following aspects.

[0132] The present invention provides a battery management method for managing the charging or discharging of a power battery 1000. The power battery 1000 includes a plurality of battery cells 1 forming a battery configuration network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network and a parallel-series network, for example Figure 1or Figure 3 ), wherein at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel are connected in parallel with a sensing integrated circuit 120. The sensing integrated circuit 120 measures the performance parameters of each battery cell (including but not limited to Vopen, ΔVopen, charge and discharge internal resistance, charge and discharge cycles, etc.) during the charging or discharging of the power battery 1000. The battery power management method includes: obtaining the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the power battery 1000 from multiple sensing integrated circuits 120; evaluating whether the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 have reached a critical state, wherein the critical state defines the degree of degradation of a battery cell; when a battery cell of the power battery 1000 reaches the critical state, issuing a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel with the battery cell that has reached the critical state, causing the sensing integrated circuit 120 to implement a corresponding measure on the battery cell that has reached the critical state. The corresponding measure includes but is not limited to temporarily or selectively isolating the battery cell that has reached the critical state from the battery configuration network, or performing power balancing on the battery cell that has reached the critical state.

[0133] The present invention provides a battery management system, comprising a plurality of battery cells 1, a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120, and an information platform 3000. The plurality of battery cells 1 are connected in a battery network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-series network, for example). Figure 1 or Figure 3 (as shown) for charging or discharging. Each sensing integrated circuit 120 is connected in parallel to at least one battery cell 1 or several battery cells 1 connected in series or in parallel to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell (including but not limited to Vopen, ΔVopen, charge and discharge internal resistance, and charge and discharge times related to battery temperature). The information platform 3000 collects the performance parameters of each battery cell and evaluates whether the performance parameters of each battery cell have reached a critical state. Among them, multiple sensing integrated circuits 120 transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell to a battery performance evaluation unit of the information platform 3000, and the battery performance evaluation unit evaluates whether the battery cell of the power battery 1000 has reached the critical state.

[0134] When the battery performance evaluation unit determines that a battery cell in the power battery 1000 has reached a critical state, it issues a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel to the critical battery cell. The sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel to the critical battery cell activates a functional circuit FC to implement a corresponding action on the critical battery cell. The corresponding action includes, but is not limited to, temporarily or selectively isolating the critical battery cell from the battery configuration network or performing battery balancing on the critical battery cell.

[0135] The present invention provides a battery degradation management method for managing at least one degraded battery cell of a power battery 1000. The power battery 1000 includes a plurality of battery cells 1 and a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120. The battery cells are configured in a battery network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-serial network, for example). Figure 1 or Figure 3 As shown in FIG, 1 , a battery cell 1 is charged or discharged, and a sensing integrated circuit 120 senses each battery cell 1 to accurately measure the performance parameters of each battery cell (charge and discharge internal resistance and ΔVopen related to the battery temperature). The battery degradation management method includes: obtaining the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery 1000 from multiple sensing integrated circuits 120; evaluating whether each battery cell has reached a critical degradation state; when a battery cell of the power battery 1000 reaches the critical degradation state, issuing a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel to the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state, so that the sensing integrated circuit implements a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state. The critical degradation state is when the internal resistance accurately measured by the method of the present invention is higher than the internal resistance of the initial state by 3% or 5% or a preset threshold, or the battery capacity accurately measured by the method of the present invention is lower than the battery capacity of the initial state by 5% or 10% or a preset threshold, or the difference between the battery parameters accurately measured by the method of the present invention and the battery parameters of the initial state reaches a preset threshold.

[0136] The present invention provides a battery degradation management system, comprising a power battery 1000 and a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120. The power battery 1000 comprises a plurality of battery cells 1, which are connected in a battery network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network and a parallel-series network, for example). Figure 1 or Figure 3 The plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120 are used to sense each battery cell to accurately measure the performance parameters of each battery cell (including at least the charge and discharge internal resistance and ΔVopen associated with the battery temperature). The plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120 transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell to an information platform 3000. The information platform 3000 evaluates whether the performance parameters of each battery cell have reached a critical degradation state. When a battery cell of the power battery 1000 reaches the critical degradation state, the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel to the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state receives a management instruction to implement a corresponding measure on the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state.

[0137] The present invention provides an information system for managing battery history, which is used to manage the battery history of a power battery. The power battery 1000 includes a plurality of battery cells 1 and a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120, wherein the battery cells are Figure 1 or Figure 3 The battery network shown is charged or discharged, and multiple sensing integrated circuits 120 measure and transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell. The information system includes an information platform 3000 that records the battery network of the power battery 1000 and assigns a unique serial number to the power battery 1000; records the location information of each battery cell 1 in the battery network and the serial number of each battery cell 1; records a user serial number, and the power battery 1000 is registered to a user serial number; collects the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery 1000 after registration to establish a battery history of the power battery 1000. The battery history has multiple time node information, where each time node information records the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery 1000 associated with a timestamp.

[0138] The information platform 3000 is built on a cloud server system or an onboard battery management system. When at least one battery cell 1 of the power battery 1000 is replaced, the information platform 3000 must receive authorization from a mobile device authenticated by the user's serial number. Therefore, the battery history of the power battery 1000 of the present invention is traceable and verifiable.

[0139] The present invention provides a battery degradation management method for managing at least one sensing battery cell 100 connected in parallel. Each sensing battery cell 100 includes at least one battery cell 1 and a sensing integrated circuit 120. The sensing integrated circuit 120 is connected in parallel with at least one battery cell 1 or multiple battery cells 1 connected in series or in parallel to measure performance parameters of each battery cell 1 (including at least charging internal resistance, discharging internal resistance, and ΔVopen related to battery temperature). The battery degradation management method includes: obtaining the performance parameters of each battery cell of the sensing battery cell 100 from the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100; transmitting the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 to an information platform 3000, and the information platform 3000 evaluating whether the performance parameters of each battery cell have reached a critical degradation state; receiving a management instruction from the information platform 3000 to notify the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100 to implement a corresponding measure (selectively isolating the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state from the battery configuration network or performing power balancing on the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state) to act on the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state.

[0140] The present invention provides a power battery 1000 comprising a plurality of sensing battery cells 100 and a plurality of gateway integrated circuits 200. The plurality of sensing battery cells 100 are charged or discharged in a battery configuration network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-serial network). Each sensing battery cell 100 comprises a plurality of battery cells 1 connected in series or parallel and a sensing integrated circuit 120. The sensing integrated circuit 120 is connected in parallel to at least one battery cell 1 or a plurality of battery cells 1 connected in series or parallel to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell (including at least charging internal resistance, discharging internal resistance, and ΔVopen related to battery temperature). Each gateway integrated circuit 200 is connected in parallel to at least one sensing battery cell 100 and obtains the performance parameters of each battery cell of the sensing battery cell 100 from the sensing integrated circuit 120. Each gateway integrated circuit 200 transmits the performance parameters of each battery cell to an information platform 3000, which is used to assess whether the performance parameters of each battery cell have reached a critical degradation state. When one of the gateway integrated circuits 200 receives a management instruction from the information platform 3000 , the gateway integrated circuit 200 notifies the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100 to implement a corresponding measure on the battery cell that has reached the critical degradation state.

[0141] In one embodiment of the present invention, for example, the voltage of a single battery cell is 3.68V and the capacity is 66Ah. According to the sensing battery cell 100, the smart battery 500, the power battery 1000, and the battery management system and method implemented by the present invention, if four battery cells are used to form a sensing battery cell 100, such as Figure 8A The voltage of the battery cell is 14.72V and the capacity is 66Ah. Figure 8B The voltage of the sensing battery cell shown is 3.68V and the capacity is 264Ah, so the capacity of each sensing battery cell 100 is 971.52Wh. Figure 8A As shown, if three sensing battery cells 100 are connected in parallel to form a smart battery 500, and 27 smart batteries 500 are connected in series to form a power battery 1000, the voltage of the smart battery 500 is 14.72V and the capacity is 198Ah, while the voltage of the power battery 1000 is 397.44V and the capacity is 198Ah.

[0142] Therefore, if a new power battery 1000 has battery cells of consistent quality in its initial activation state, the power battery 1000 can provide a rated capacity of 78.7 kWh. According to the battery management system and method of the present invention, the longer the quality consistency of the battery cells is maintained, the higher the mileage of an electric vehicle using the power battery 1000 can be achieved based on its performance. In an embodiment of the present invention, during the initial use, the performance parameters of the power battery 1000 and each of its battery cells will be recorded on an information platform 3000, or the performance parameters of the battery cells provided by the battery supplier will be recorded on the information platform 3000 to serve as a comparison basis for assessing whether each battery cell has reached a certain level of degradation or a set condition. After the information platform 3000 collects the performance parameters of each battery cell of the power battery 1000 for a period of time, the information platform 3000 can establish multiple time node information of the battery history, so that the power battery 1000 of the present invention has a traceable and verifiable battery history, ensuring the second-hand price of the power battery 1000. Once it is assessed that the degradation degree of one of the battery cells reaches a set condition, the information platform 3000 issues a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel to the battery cell that reaches the set condition so as to implement a corresponding measure so that the corresponding measure acts on the battery cell that reaches the set condition.

[0143] The information platform 3000 can notify the user of the warning message about the power battery 1000, and if necessary, display a battery structure network of the power battery 1000 on the vehicle host or user authentication terminal, such as Figure 14 In one embodiment of the present invention, the power battery 1000 is represented by an equivalent battery, and the power and capacity of the equivalent battery can be calculated by equivalently calculating the power and capacity of all battery cells. Figure 16A The figure shows a schematic diagram of a battery status display for a power battery 1000 according to the present invention. For example, the display shows the remaining charge of the power battery 1000 as 75% for an equivalent battery. It also displays the rated capacity of the power battery 1000 as 78 kWh. Based on the electric vehicle using the power battery, each kWh provides 5.2 kilometers of driving range. The power battery's electricity cost can even be converted to 2.08 kilometers of driving range per yuan. Furthermore, the display can further display the electric vehicle's driving efficiency.

[0144] In another embodiment of the present invention, the power battery 1000 is represented by a series network of several smart batteries 500. The power and capacity of each smart battery 500 can be calculated equivalently from the power and capacity of all battery cells. Figure 16B, which shows another schematic diagram of the battery status display of the power battery 1000 of the present invention. For example, the user can select the information of one of the smart batteries 500 to be displayed on the touch screen, such as: the rated data is 14.72V, 198Ah, and 2.9KWh, and the current status is 14.30V, 196Ah, and 2.8KWh.

[0145] In other embodiments of the present invention, the power battery 1000 is composed of a plurality of sensing battery cells 100 or a plurality of battery cells represented by a battery network, and the power and capacity of each sensing battery cell 100 can be calculated equivalently from the power and capacity of all battery cells. Figure 16C and Figure 16D As shown, a schematic diagram showing the battery status display of the power battery 1000 of the present invention using multiple sensing battery cells 100 and multiple battery cells 1 is shown.

[0146] For example, when the information platform 3000 assesses that the degradation degree of one of the battery cells reaches a set condition, the information platform 3000 provides the relevant information of the power battery 1000 to the vehicle host or the user authentication terminal for display. Figure 16C and Figure 16D In the display screen, the battery structure network of the power battery 1000 will further mark the position R1C1 and warning symbol of the sensing battery cell 100 containing the battery cell that meets the set condition, such as Figure 16C As shown, or the battery cell that reaches the set condition is marked with its position R1C1 No.4 and warning symbol, such as Figure 16D The warning symbol is a triangle with an exclamation point.

[0147] exist Figure 16C In the display shown, the remaining power of the sensing battery cell 100 at position R1C1 is 93.75%, and its rated data is 14.72V, 66Ah, and 971Wh. Since the sensing battery cell 100 contains battery cells that meet the set conditions, the current state of the sensing battery cell 100 after rated charging is 13.80V, 63Ah, and 869Wh, and the degradation degree of the sensing battery cell 100 is evaluated to be -0.6%. Figure 16DIn the displayed image, the remaining charge of the sensing battery cell 100 at position R1C1 is 93.75%, and the remaining charge of the battery cell No. 4 at position R1C1 is 89.3%. Its rated values are 3.68V, 66Ah, and 242.88Wh. Because the performance parameters of the battery cell No. 4 at position R1C1 have reached the set conditions, after the sensing battery cell 100 is charged at the rated value, the current state of the No. 4 battery cell is 3.20V, 58Ah, and 214Wh, and the degradation level of the battery cell is assessed to be -11.9%.

[0148] Continue to refer Figure 16C and Figure 16D In the display shown, when a user learns that the information platform 3000 indicates that a sensing cell 100 or battery cell 1 in a power battery 1000 has reached a warning level of degradation, the user can press the "Temporary Isolation" or "Balance" button on the display, causing the information platform 3000 to issue a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 containing the sensing cell 100 that has met the specified condition, or to the gateway integrated circuit 200 of the smart battery 500, thereby causing the sensing integrated circuit 120 to implement a corresponding measure for the battery cell that has met the specified condition. In various embodiments of the present invention, when the user presses the "Temporary Isolation" button on the display, the functional circuit FC of the sensing integrated circuit 120 temporarily isolates the battery cell that has met the specified condition from the battery configuration network, preventing further degradation of the sensing cell 100. When the user presses the "Power Balance" button on the display screen, the information platform 3000 issues a management command to the sensing integrated circuit 120 to activate the functional circuit FC to implement series power balancing between the battery cells connected in series, or to implement parallel power balancing between the sensing battery cells 100 connected in parallel, or to implement series power balancing between the smart batteries 500 connected in series by the gateway integrated circuit 200.

[0149] According to the above embodiments of the present invention, the present invention further provides the following aspects.

[0150] The present invention provides a battery status display method for displaying the performance status of a power battery 1000. The power battery 1000 includes multiple battery cells 1 and multiple sensing integrated circuits 120. The battery cells 1 are charged or discharged using a battery network (selected from one of a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-serial network). The multiple battery cells 1 form a sensing battery cell 100, which in turn forms a smart battery 500. The smart batteries 500 form the power battery 1000. The sensing integrated circuit 120 senses each battery cell to measure performance parameters of each battery cell 1 (including but not limited to Vopen related to battery temperature, internal resistance, and charge and discharge cycles). The battery status display method of the present invention comprises: obtaining performance parameters of each battery cell 1 of the power battery 1000 from a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120; displaying an equivalent battery symbol of the power battery 1000 on a display screen, and displaying information such as equivalent power, equivalent capacity, and related mileage of the power battery 1000 calculated based on the performance parameters of each battery cell 1, such as Figure 16A shown.

[0151] The battery status display method of the present invention further provides: displaying a power battery 1000 composed of a plurality of smart batteries 500 in a battery network on the display screen; and selectively displaying information of any smart battery 500, the information being calculated based on the performance parameters of each battery cell constituting the smart battery 500, such as Figure 16B shown.

[0152] The battery status display method of the present invention further provides: displaying a power battery 1000 composed of a plurality of sensing battery cells 100 in a battery network on the display screen; selectively displaying information of any sensing battery cell 100, the information being calculated based on the performance parameters of each battery cell 1 constituting the sensing battery cell 100, including but not limited to equivalent power, equivalent capacity, and attenuation degree, such as Figure 16C As shown; the position and warning symbol of the sensing battery cell 100 that has reached a set condition are marked from the battery structure network; and an instruction to initiate a corresponding measure to act on the sensing battery cell 100 that has reached the set condition is received from the display screen, causing the information platform 3000 to issue a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 of the sensing battery cell 100.

[0153] The battery status display method of the present invention further provides: displaying the power battery 1000 composed of the plurality of battery cells 1 in a battery network on the display screen; selectively displaying information of any battery cell 1, the information being calculated based on the performance parameters measured by the sensing integrated circuit 120, including but not limited to power, capacity, and attenuation, such as Figure 16DAs shown; the position and warning symbol of the battery cell 1 that has reached a critical state are marked on the battery configuration network; and an instruction to initiate a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell 1 that has reached the set condition is received from the display screen, causing the information platform 3000 to issue a management instruction to the sensing integrated circuit 120 connected in parallel with the battery cell 1 that has reached the set condition.

[0154] The present invention provides a battery status display system for displaying the performance status of a power battery 1000. The power battery 1000 comprises a plurality of battery cells 1 and a plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120. The battery cells are charged or discharged using a battery network (selected from a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-serial network). The plurality of battery cells 1 form a sensing battery cell 100, which in turn form a smart battery 500. The sensing integrated circuit 120 senses each battery cell 1 to measure its performance parameters (including but not limited to Vopen related to battery temperature, internal resistance, and charge and discharge cycles). The battery status display system of the present invention comprises a display screen, a communication interface, and a processing unit. The display screen is used to display the battery network of the plurality of battery cells 1. The communication interface receives information about the power battery 1000 obtained based on the performance parameters of each battery cell measured by the plurality of sensing integrated circuits 120. The processing unit displays the battery configuration network on the display screen, and indicates the location of the battery cell 1 that has reached a critical state on the battery configuration network, or indicates the location of the sensing battery cell 100 or the smart battery 500 containing the battery cell 1 that has reached the critical state, and displays the performance parameters of the battery cell 1, or relevant information about the sensing battery cell 100, the smart battery 500, or the power battery 1000 on the display screen.

[0155] However, it should be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only. Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, and all such modifications are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the various embodiments described in this specification are not intended to limit the present invention, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are disclosed in the above-mentioned claims.

Claims

1. A sensing integrated circuit, characterized in that: Used to sense multiple battery cells, including: A plurality of pins, a portion of which is used to connect each battery cell in parallel; a battery measuring circuit electrically connected to the pins of the portion to measure the voltage of each battery cell; a functional circuit electrically connecting the plurality of battery cells; and an MCU electrically connected to the battery measurement circuit to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell; The MCU controls the functional circuit to implement a corresponding measure to act on at least one of the plurality of battery cells according to the performance parameters of the battery cell.

2. A sensing integrated circuit, characterized in that: Used to sense multiple battery cells, including: A plurality of pins, a portion of which is used to connect each battery cell in parallel; a battery measuring circuit electrically connected to the pins of the portion to measure the voltage of each battery cell; a functional circuit electrically connecting the plurality of battery cells; and an MCU electrically connected to the battery measurement circuit to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell; The functional circuit includes a circuit switch controlled by the MCU to cut off a charging or discharging circuit of the battery cell.

3. A sensing battery cell, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of battery cells having a first battery configuration network, wherein the first battery configuration network is a series network or a parallel network or a combination thereof; and The sensing integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is connected in parallel to each battery cell and is used to sense performance parameters of multiple battery cells.

4. A gateway integrated circuit, characterized in that: Used to transmit performance parameters of multiple battery cells, including: a first communication module receiving performance parameters of a plurality of battery cells from at least one sensing integrated circuit, wherein the sensing integrated circuit measures the performance parameters of the battery cells; a second communication module for transmitting performance parameters of the plurality of battery cells to a battery management system for evaluating degradation states of the plurality of battery cells; and An MCU is electrically connected to the first communication module and the second communication module.

5. A smart battery, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of sensing battery cells as claimed in claim 3, having a second battery configuration network; and The gateway integrated circuit of claim 4 receives the performance parameters of each battery cell and transmits the performance parameters of each battery cell to a battery management system.

6. A smart battery, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of sensing battery cells having a second battery configuration network, each sensing battery cell including a plurality of battery cells having a first battery configuration network; and a sensing integrated circuit connected in parallel to each battery cell to measure a performance parameter of each battery cell; and At least one gateway integrated circuit is electrically connected to the plurality of sensing battery cells. The gateway integrated circuit communicates with the sensing integrated circuit of each sensing battery cell to receive performance parameters of each battery cell and transmit the performance parameters of each battery cell to a battery management system.

7. A power battery, characterized in that: A plurality of smart batteries as claimed in claim 5 or 6 are connected in series to form a network structure to serve as a power source.

8. A power battery, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of battery cells are charged or discharged in a battery network selected from a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-series network; and A plurality of sensing integrated circuits, each sensing integrated circuit being connected in parallel to at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel, so as to measure a performance parameter of each battery cell; When the degradation degree of one of the battery cells reaches a set condition, the sensing integrated circuit connected in parallel with the battery cell that reaches the set condition can implement a corresponding measure to act on the battery cell that reaches the set condition.

9. A power battery, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of battery cells are charged or discharged in a battery network selected from a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-series network; and A plurality of sensing integrated circuits, each sensing integrated circuit being connected in parallel to at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel, so as to measure the voltage of each battery cell; The sensing integrated circuit controls a circuit switch to cut off the charging or discharging of the parallel battery cells, thereby measuring the open circuit voltage of each battery cell to define the power state of the power battery.

10. A power battery, characterized in that: Include: A plurality of battery cells are charged or discharged in a battery network selected from a series network, a parallel network, a series-parallel network, and a parallel-series network; and A plurality of sensing integrated circuits, each sensing integrated circuit being connected in parallel to at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel, to measure a terminal voltage and a battery current of each battery cell; The sensing integrated circuit measures an internal resistance of each battery cell according to the terminal voltage and the battery current of each battery cell, thereby evaluating the health or life of the power battery.

11. A battery power management method, characterized in that: Used to manage multiple battery cells to charge or discharge in a battery network, including: measuring each battery cell by a sensing integrated circuit to measure a performance parameter of each battery cell, wherein the sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to each battery cell; and The sensing integrated circuit controls a functional circuit to implement a corresponding measure to act on at least one of the plurality of battery cells in response to the performance parameter of the battery cell.

12. A battery power management method, characterized in that: The method for managing battery power is used in at least one sensing integrated circuit, wherein the sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to some of a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells discharge to or are charged from a terminal device. The method includes: cutting off a charging or discharging circuit of the portion of battery cells to measure an open circuit voltage of each battery cell of the portion of battery cells; and The state of charge of the power battery is defined according to the open circuit voltage of each battery cell.

13. A battery power management method, characterized in that: Used in a gateway integrated circuit, the gateway integrated circuit is connected in parallel to a plurality of battery cells having a battery network, the battery power management method includes: receiving an open circuit voltage of each battery cell or a performance parameter of each battery cell measured by a sensing integrated circuit; and An open circuit voltage of each battery cell or a performance parameter of each battery cell is transmitted to a battery management system.

14. A battery power management method, characterized in that: Used in at least one sensing battery cell, the sensing battery cell includes: a plurality of battery cells and a sensing integrated circuit, the battery power management method includes: Connecting the sensing integrated circuit to each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells in parallel and measuring each battery cell; enabling the sensing integrated circuit to measure performance parameters of each battery cell; and The sensing integrated circuit responds to the performance parameter of the battery cell, so that a functional circuit can implement a corresponding measure to act on one of the plurality of battery cells, or transmit the performance parameter of each battery cell to a battery management system.

15. A battery power management method, characterized in that: The method is used in at least one smart battery, the smart battery comprising: a plurality of sensing battery cells and at least one gateway integrated circuit, and each sensing battery cell comprising: a plurality of battery cells and a sensing integrated circuit, the battery power management method comprising: The plurality of battery cells are configured to discharge from or be charged from a terminal device using a first battery configuration network, and the sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to each of the plurality of battery cells; enabling the plurality of sensing battery cells to discharge from a terminal device or to be charged from the terminal device using a second battery configuration network; enabling the sensing integrated circuit to measure each battery cell and measure a performance parameter of each battery cell; and The gateway integrated circuit receives the performance parameter of each battery cell from the sensing integrated circuit and transmits the performance parameter of the battery cell to a battery management system.

16. A battery power management method, characterized in that: Used in a power battery, the power battery includes: a plurality of battery cells, a plurality of sensing integrated circuits and a plurality of gateway integrated circuits, the battery power management method includes: Charge or discharge multiple battery cells in a battery network; Each sensing integrated circuit is connected in parallel to at least one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell; Each gateway integrated circuit receives the performance parameter of each battery cell from the partial sensing integrated circuits and transmits the performance parameter of the battery cell to a battery management system.

17. A battery power management method, characterized in that: Used in a power battery, the power battery includes: a plurality of smart batteries, each smart battery includes: a plurality of sensing battery cells and at least one gateway integrated circuit, each sensing battery cell includes: a plurality of battery cells and a sensing integrated circuit, the battery power management method includes: enabling a plurality of smart batteries to form a network with a third battery to discharge from a terminal device or to be charged from the terminal device; enabling the plurality of sensing battery cells to discharge from the terminal device or to be charged from the terminal device using a second battery configuration network; enabling a plurality of battery cells to discharge from or be charged from the terminal device using a first battery configuration network; connecting the sensing integrated circuit of each sensing battery cell in parallel with each battery cell to measure the performance parameters of each battery cell; and Each gateway integrated circuit receives the performance parameter of each battery cell from the partial sensing integrated circuits and transmits the performance parameter of the battery cell to a battery management system.

18. The battery power management method according to claim 15, 16 or 17, wherein: Further including: Each sensing integrated circuit cuts off a charging or discharging circuit of the battery cell to measure the terminal voltage of each battery cell, thereby defining the state of charge of the power battery.

19. The battery power management method according to claim 15, 16 or 17, wherein: Further including: Each sensing integrated circuit measures an internal resistance of each battery cell according to the performance parameters of each battery cell, thereby evaluating the health or life of the power battery.

20. The battery power management method according to claim 15, 16 or 17, wherein: Further including: Each sensing integrated circuit is configured to implement a corresponding measure on at least one of the plurality of battery cells in response to the performance parameter of the battery cell.

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