Ship photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship power systems, in particular to a ship photovoltaic power generation system which can generate electric energy through a solar photovoltaic panel and provide energy for loads such as an air conditioner in a ship cab. According to the system, an efficient power conversion and compensation mechanism is designed, stable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system is ensured, and the problem of continuous working of a load is solved. According to the specific technical scheme, the photovoltaic power generation module comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels which are connected in parallel; the double-module storage battery comprises a first power storage module formed by an energy storage battery and a second power storage module formed by a capacitor bank; the double-module storage battery is in circuit connection with the photovoltaic power generation module and the ship self-power-generation system. The ship self-power-generating system forms alternating current through ship power; and the intelligent controller comprises an inverter, a rectifier and an operation module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship power systems, and in particular to a ship photovoltaic power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Maritime vessels have long relied on diesel generators for power, resulting in high carbon emissions and escalating fuel costs. While the equatorial region is particularly prone to abundant sunlight, high temperatures exacerbate air conditioning energy consumption, making traditional energy sources inefficient. Relying solely on photovoltaic power for power generation prevents operation during cloudy, rainy weather or at night when sunlight is insufficient. Due to the hot weather in Southeast Asia, the bridge's electrical equipment also requires cooling, and crew and equipment cannot operate without air conditioning. Therefore, continuous operation of the air conditioning units must be guaranteed. At the time, a separate power supply line was considered, connecting the power distribution box to the air conditioning unit. If the crew were required to operate the unit manually, the bridge room could become overheated if the crew on duty were not paying attention, potentially compromising navigation safety. However, conventional energy storage solutions require large-capacity storage equipment, significantly increasing costs. Furthermore, placing large-capacity batteries in the control room or control room would increase safety risks. Therefore, how to maximize photovoltaic power generation while ensuring stable equipment operation at a low cost and reducing reliance on diesel generators was an urgent challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a marine photovoltaic power generation system that generates electricity through solar photovoltaic panels and provides energy for loads such as ship cabin air conditioning. This system incorporates efficient power conversion and compensation mechanisms, ensuring stable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system and addressing the challenge of continuous load operation. Specific technical solutions include:

[0004] Photovoltaic power generation module, including multiple photovoltaic panels connected in parallel;

[0005] A dual-module battery comprises a first storage module consisting of an energy storage battery and a second storage module consisting of a capacitor bank; the dual-module battery is respectively connected to the photovoltaic power generation module and the ship's self-generation system circuit;

[0006] A ship self-generating system, wherein the ship self-generating system generates alternating current from the ship's power;

[0007] An intelligent controller includes an inverter, a rectifier, and an operation module. The intelligent controller is circuit-connected to the photovoltaic power generation module, the dual-module battery, the ship's self-generation system, and the air-conditioning system. The operation module includes a five-mode state algorithm. The five-mode state algorithm switches the power supply mode of the air-conditioning system according to the real-time power of the photovoltaic power generation module.

[0008] Preferably, the charging priority of the first energy storage module is higher than that of the second energy storage module. When the first energy storage module reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value, the second energy storage module is charged. The discharging priority of the second energy storage module is higher than that of the first module. After the second energy storage module reaches the minimum energy storage capacity, the first energy storage module discharges to the outside.

[0009] The five-mode state algorithm includes:

[0010] Mode 1: The photovoltaic power generation module directly supplies the air conditioning system and charges the first power storage module;

[0011] Mode 2: Photovoltaic power generation modules directly supply air conditioning systems;

[0012] Mode 3: The photovoltaic power generation module and the dual-module battery jointly power the air conditioning system;

[0013] Mode 4: The photovoltaic power generation module and the ship's self-generating system jointly supply power to the air conditioning system;

[0014] Mode 5: The ship's self-generating system independently supplies power to the air-conditioning system.

[0015] Preferably, the starting condition of mode 1 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of the dual-module battery 2 is lower than the maximum energy storage capacity value;

[0016] The starting conditions for mode 2 are that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of the dual-module battery reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value;

[0017] The activation condition for mode 3 is when the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is less than the rated power of the air conditioner and the power of the dual-module battery is higher than the minimum energy storage capacity value;

[0018] The starting condition of mode 4 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is less than the rated power of the air conditioner, and the battery power is less than or equal to the minimum energy storage capacity value;

[0019] Otherwise, it is Mode 5.

[0020] Preferably, the photovoltaic panels are laid in a direction parallel to the deck surface;

[0021] Preferably, the intelligent controller communicates with the ship energy management system via the CAN bus, and uploads the photovoltaic power generation module power generation power, the dual-module battery SOC value and mode status data in real time.

[0022] Preferably, the battery charge and discharge control logic further includes:

[0023] When the first power storage module is in a charging state, if the real-time power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module exceeds the power demand of the air conditioning load, and the current power of the first power storage module is lower than 95% of its maximum energy storage capacity, charging of the second power storage module is prohibited;

[0024] When the first power storage module is in a discharging state, the charging circuit of the second power storage module is forcibly started, and the charging energy source is preferentially selected from the surplus power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module, followed by the ship's self-generation system.

[0025] Preferably, during the mode switching process, the following timing control strategy is implemented: when switching from mode 1 to mode 2, the switching can only be triggered after the first power storage module reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value after being detected for 5 consecutive minutes;

[0026] Preferably, when returning from mode 3 to mode 1, the power of the photovoltaic power generation module must be restored to more than 110% of the rated power of the air conditioner and last for 10 minutes.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] It realizes the dynamic distribution of photovoltaic power and the dual-channel coordination of "photovoltaic direct supply + intelligent charging", reduces the charge and discharge cycle of the dual-module battery, realizes shallow charge and shallow discharge, improves the cycle life of the dual-module battery, provides stable input and output power, and protects the safety of power supply equipment and power-consuming equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art; in all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar figure marks; in the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a system layout diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Photovoltaic power generation module; 2. Dual-module battery; 21. First power storage module; 22. Second power storage module; 3. Ship self-generation system; 4. Intelligent controller; 41. Inverter; 42. Rectifier; 43. Operation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 , introduces a ship photovoltaic power generation system proposed by the present invention, specifically comprising:

[0035] Photovoltaic power generation module 1, comprising multiple photovoltaic panels connected in parallel;

[0036] The dual-module battery 2 includes a first storage module 21 composed of energy storage batteries and a second storage module 22 composed of a capacitor bank; the dual-module battery 2 is respectively connected to the photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the ship's self-generation system 3;

[0037] A ship self-generating system 3, wherein the ship self-generating system 3 generates alternating current from the ship's power;

[0038] The intelligent controller 4 includes an inverter 41, a rectifier 42 and an operation module 43. The intelligent controller 4 is circuit-connected to the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the dual-module battery 2, the ship's self-generation system 3 and the air-conditioning system. The operation module 43 includes a five-mode state algorithm. The five-mode state algorithm switches the power supply mode of the air-conditioning system according to the real-time power of the photovoltaic power generation module 1.

[0039] Through the coordinated control of photovoltaic power generation and dual-module battery 2, the ship's air-conditioning system can achieve seamless multi-energy switching power supply, reduce the frequency of use of traditional diesel generators, and reduce fuel consumption by more than 30%. At the same time, it avoids overcharging / over-discharging of a single energy storage module and extends battery life by 2-3 times.

[0040] The first energy storage module 21 has a higher charging priority than the second energy storage module 22. When the first energy storage module 21 reaches its maximum energy storage capacity, it charges the second energy storage module 22. The second energy storage module 22 has a higher discharging priority than the first module. When the second energy storage module 22 reaches its minimum energy storage capacity, the first energy storage module 21 discharges. By setting a differentiated charging priority for the first energy storage module 21 and discharging priority for the second energy storage module 22, the core energy storage unit, the first module, is ensured to always be highly available. The second module's fast response characteristics, which function as a capacitor, are used to buffer power fluctuations, improving system response speed by 50%.

[0041] The five-mode state algorithm includes:

[0042] Mode 1: The photovoltaic power generation module 1 directly supplies power to the air conditioning system and charges the first power storage module 21;

[0043] Mode 2: Photovoltaic power generation module 1 directly supplies air conditioning system;

[0044] Mode 3: The photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the dual-module battery 2 jointly supply power to the air conditioning system;

[0045] Mode 4: The photovoltaic power generation module 1 and the ship's self-generating system 3 jointly supply power to the air-conditioning system;

[0046] Mode 5: The ship's self-generating system 3 independently supplies power to the air-conditioning system.

[0047] The five-mode state machine covers all typical operating conditions (sufficient photovoltaic power, insufficient photovoltaic power, fault, etc.), optimizing the system's adaptability. Verified on board, the mode switching accuracy is >99.5%, avoiding the risk of power outages caused by mode misjudgment in traditional solutions.

[0048] The starting condition of mode 1 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module 1 is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of the dual-module battery 22 is lower than the maximum energy storage capacity value;

[0049] The starting conditions for mode 2 are that the power generated by photovoltaic power generation module 1 is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of dual-module battery 2 reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value;

[0050] The starting condition of mode 3 is when the power generated by photovoltaic power generation module 1 is less than the rated power of the air conditioner, and the power of dual-module battery 2 is higher than the minimum energy storage capacity value;

[0051] The starting condition of mode 4 is that the power generated by photovoltaic power generation module 1 is less than the rated power of the air conditioner, and the battery power is less than or equal to the minimum energy storage capacity value;

[0052] In other cases, it uses Mode 5. The startup condition design, based on the dual parameters of power supply and demand and SOC, accurately matches the dynamic balance between photovoltaic output and load demand. In equatorial waters tests, the air conditioner power supply stability (voltage fluctuation ≤ ±3%) exceeded the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard by 20%.

[0053] The photovoltaic panels are laid in a direction parallel to the deck surface. The design of installing the photovoltaic panels parallel to the deck makes the incident angle in the equatorial region close to 90° at noon. Compared with the traditional inclined installation scheme, the average daily power generation is increased by 12-15%, and the deck space occupancy is reduced by 40%. In addition, the laying direction of the photovoltaic panels is parallel to the deck surface, which can minimize the gap between the photovoltaic panels and the deck, reducing the damage to the photovoltaic panels caused by the pressure difference caused by strong winds.

[0054] The intelligent controller 4 communicates with the ship's energy management system via the CAN bus, uploading real-time data on the photovoltaic module 1's generated power, the dual-module battery 2's SOC value, and its mode status. This enables deep integration with the ship's energy management system via the CAN bus, supporting remote monitoring and fault warnings. Maintenance personnel can obtain key indicators such as photovoltaic efficiency and battery health in real time, improving operational efficiency by 60%.

[0055] The battery charge and discharge control logic further includes:

[0056] When the first power storage module 21 is in the charging state, if the real-time power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module 1 exceeds the power demand of the air conditioning load, and the current power of the first power storage module 21 is lower than 95% of its maximum energy storage capacity, the second power storage module 22 is prohibited from being charged; the forced charging circuit linkage mechanism ensures that the second power storage module 22 continues to replenish energy during the system discharge, forming a "discharge-charge" energy closed loop, and the system's comprehensive energy efficiency ratio

[0057] When the first power storage module 21 is in a discharging state, the charging circuit of the second power storage module 22 is forcibly started, and the charging energy source is preferentially selected from the surplus power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, followed by the ship's self-generation system 3.

[0058] During the mode switching process, the following timing control strategy is executed: when switching from mode 1 to mode 2, the switching can only be triggered after the first power storage module 21 reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value for 5 consecutive minutes; the switching strategy of 5-minute continuous detection effectively filters out instantaneous light fluctuations such as cloud cover and unintentional obstruction by onboard workers, reducing the number of mode switching times from an average of 15-20 times per day to 3-5 times, and extending the mechanical life of the equipment by 3 times.

[0059] When falling back from Mode 3 to Mode 1, the power of PV module 1 must be restored to at least 110% of the air conditioner's rated power for 10 minutes. This 110% power margin plus a 10-minute fallback condition ensures the reliability of PV power recovery, avoids mode oscillation caused by brief periods of sunlight recovery, increases system MTBF, and improves overall reliability.

[0060] See Figure 2 The following describes an implementation method: the application of a 3.3kW system on a container ship on the Southeast Asian route. The specific hardware configuration is as follows:

[0061] Photovoltaic modules: 6 LONGi Hi-MO 5m double-glass modules (565W / module), totaling 3.39kW, laid flat on the hatch deck and covered with a salt spray coating (corrosion resistance grade C5-M).

[0062] Dual-module battery 2:

[0063] First power storage module 21: 48V / 200Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack (cycle life > 6000 times)

[0064] Second energy storage module 22: 48V / 100F supercapacitor array (ESR ≤ 3mΩ)

[0065] Intelligent controller 4: Schneider Electric customized inverter 41 (6kW output), integrated with STM32H7 main control chip.

[0066] The timing logic control is as follows:

[0067] Mode 1 → Mode 2: The first energy storage module 21 is ≥ 95% for 5 minutes, and the photovoltaic power fluctuation is < ±5% / min;

[0068] Mode 3 → Mode 1: PV power > 1.9kW (110% load) for 10 minutes.

[0069] Performance testing:

[0070] index Test results Annual fuel savings 4.2 tons Mode switching average delay 0.8 seconds Photovoltaic utilization rate 89.7％ Battery life decay <2% / year

[0071] It is worth noting that in some embodiments, the dual-module battery 2 is not a necessary structure, especially the first storage module 21. Under the condition of ensuring capacitor voltage stabilization, it can be achieved by directly using mode 2, mode 3 or mode 4.

[0072] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” indicate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof;

[0073] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present description are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention; as used in the present description and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise;

[0074] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Claims

1. A ship photovoltaic power generation system, characterized by: include: A photovoltaic power generation module (1) comprising a plurality of photovoltaic panels connected in parallel; A dual-module battery (2) comprises a first power storage module (21) formed of an energy storage battery and a second power storage module (22) formed of a capacitor group; the dual-module battery (2) is respectively connected to the photovoltaic power generation module (1) and the ship's self-generation system circuit; A ship self-generating system (3), wherein the ship self-generating system generates alternating current from the ship's power; An intelligent controller (4) includes an inverter (41), a rectifier (42), and an operation module (43). The intelligent controller (4) is circuit-connected to a photovoltaic power generation module (1), a dual-module storage battery (2), a ship self-generating system (3), and an air-conditioning system. The operation module includes a five-mode state algorithm. The five-mode state algorithm switches the power supply mode of the air-conditioning system according to the real-time power of the photovoltaic power generation module (1).

2. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging priority of the first power storage module (21) is higher than that of the second power storage module (22); when the first power storage module reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value, the second power storage module is charged; the discharging priority of the second power storage module (22) is higher than that of the first module; after the second power storage module (22) reaches the minimum energy storage capacity, the first power storage module (21) discharges to the outside.

3. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The five-mode state algorithm includes: Mode 1: The photovoltaic power generation module (1) directly supplies power to the air conditioning system and charges the first power storage module (21); Mode 2: Photovoltaic power generation module (1) directly supplies air conditioning system; Mode 3: The photovoltaic power generation module (1) and the dual-module battery (2) jointly supply power to the air conditioning system; Mode 4: The photovoltaic power generation module (1) and the ship's self-generating system (3) jointly supply power to the air-conditioning system; Mode 5: The ship's self-generating system (3) independently supplies power to the air-conditioning system.

4. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The starting condition of mode 1 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module (1) is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of the dual-module battery (2) is lower than the maximum energy storage capacity value; The starting condition of mode 2 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module (1) is greater than or equal to the rated power of the air conditioning system, and the power of the dual-module battery (2) reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value; The starting condition of mode three is when the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module (1) is less than the rated power of the air conditioner and the power of the dual-module battery (2) is higher than the minimum energy storage capacity value; The starting condition of mode 4 is that the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module (1) is less than the rated power of the air conditioner, and the battery power is less than or equal to the minimum energy storage capacity value; Otherwise, it is Mode 5.

5. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panels are laid in a direction parallel to the deck surface.

6. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent controller (4) communicates with the ship energy management system via the CAN bus, and uploads the power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), the SOC value of the dual-module battery (2), and mode status data in real time.

7. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The charge and discharge control logic of the battery (2) further includes: When the first power storage module (21) is in a charging state, if the real-time power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation module (1) exceeds the power required by the air conditioning load, and the current power of the first power storage module (21) is lower than 95% of its maximum energy storage capacity, charging of the second power storage module (22) is prohibited; When the first power storage module (21) is in a discharging state, the charging circuit of the second power storage module (22) is forcibly started, and the charging energy source is preferentially selected from the surplus power generation of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), followed by the ship's self-generating system (3).

8. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: During the mode switching process, the following timing control strategy is executed: when switching from mode 1 to mode 2, the switching can only be triggered after the first power storage module (21) reaches the maximum energy storage capacity value after being detected for 5 consecutive minutes.

9. A ship photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: When returning from mode 3 to mode 1, the power of the photovoltaic power generation module (1) must be restored to more than 110% of the rated power of the air conditioner and last for 10 minutes.

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