Data transmission method and device

Abstract

According to the data transmission method and device, integrity transmission is provided for transmission of augmented reality data, integrity transmission is carried out on data or information with synchronization requirements or dependency relations in the method, the synchronization requirements between the data or the information are met, and therefore the user experience of XR services is improved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is 202080101304.0, and the original application date is November 5, 2020. The entire content of the original application is incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method and device. Background Art

[0003] In wireless communication networks, extended reality (XR) technology offers advantages such as multi-perspective and strong interactivity, providing users with a brand-new visual experience and possessing enormous application value and commercial potential. XR encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), and is widely applicable in fields such as entertainment, gaming, healthcare, advertising, industry, online education, the tactile internet, and engineering.

[0004] A characteristic of XR data is that it has dependencies between them. For example, a video frame in XR data is typically divided into multiple data packets. If the transmission of one of these packets fails, the entire video frame may not be correctly received. Another example is the tactile internet, where video, tactile, and control information require interdependent synchronization. Loss or delays in the transmission of any of these types of information can impact the overall service performance and user experience.

[0005] Therefore, how to meet the synchronization requirements between data when transmitting dependent XR data, thereby improving the user experience of XR services, has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and apparatus.

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which can be executed by a user-plane network element or a fixed-line device, or by a component of a user-plane network element or a fixed-line device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), including: receiving a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit including first identification information and second identification information. Obtain the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information. Perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, wherein the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Send the second data unit to the access network device. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, which can be obtained, for example, after the server encodes and / or renders the source data of XR. Optionally, the second data unit is a quality of service (QoS) stream.

[0008] Through this method, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be transmitted with integrity, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first identification information is used to identify the first data unit. For example, the first identification information includes packet flow description (PFD) information of the first data unit or other index information or identifier (ID) information that can identify the first data unit. Through this embodiment, the first data unit can be received and identified, and the requirement information corresponding to the first data unit can be obtained based on the first identification information.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the second identification information includes integrity flag information. The data information contained in the first data unit with the same integrity flag information can subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device. This allows the data information contained in the first data unit to be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can be subsequently regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame, so that the same slice data or the same tile data can be subsequently regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information may be treated as data for the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. This allows the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement. The data information contained in the first data unit with this integrity transmission requirement will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will subsequently be treated as a whole and transmitted on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to base layer data and enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will subsequently be treated as a whole and transmitted on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, image frames, or audio information may be considered as data for the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes fifth identification information, where the fifth identification information identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission. The data units that are considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the fifth identification information may include integrity quantity identification information, where the integrity quantity identification information identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes sixth identification information, and the sixth identification information identifies the frame, fragment, or stripe to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs. The data unit considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the sixth identification information may include one or more of integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information identifies the frame to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs, the integrity fragment identification information identifies the fragment to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs, and the integrity stripe identification information identifies the stripe to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes seventh identification information, where the seventh identification information identifies the total size of the data unit considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the seventh identification information may include integrity size identification information, where the integrity size identification information identifies the total size of the data unit considered as a whole for transmission.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, there is a first correspondence between the above-mentioned target transmission requirement and the first identification information. Obtaining the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information may specifically include: obtaining the above-mentioned target transmission requirement according to the first identification information and the first correspondence. Optionally, the first correspondence may be predefined or obtained from a session management network element. Optionally, the first correspondence is included in a packet detection rule (PDR). The session management network element may obtain the first correspondence from the server through a network capability exposure network element and / or a policy control network element. In this way, the target transmission requirement can be obtained more conveniently.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the second data unit may further include fourth identification information, where the fourth identification information is used to identify the second data unit. For example, when the second data unit is a QoS flow, the fourth identification information may be a Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) used to identify the QoS flow. This embodiment enables the second data unit to be received and identified, and QoS requirement information corresponding to the first data unit to be obtained based on the fourth identification information.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier (PGID). The data information contained in the second data unit including the packet group ID will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit, which can be understood as the third identification information being set based on the second identification information. In one possible embodiment, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units having the same second identification information have the same third data identification.

[0029] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data for the same frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0030] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0031] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0032] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0033] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. For example, when the first data unit is subjected to protocol data encapsulation to obtain the second data unit, the protocol header information can be added, and the third identification information can be included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) header information. When the first data unit is subjected to protocol data encapsulation according to GTP, the third identification information can be included in the GTP header information. For example, the third identification information can be included in the extended header part of the GTP header information. Since the access network device can parse the content in the GTP header information, the third identification information can be obtained, and the access network device can be enabled to perform integrity transmission of the second data unit containing the same third identification information according to the third identification information, thereby meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0035] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the aforementioned first data unit includes fifth identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes eighth identification information, wherein the eighth identification information is related to the fifth identification information, and the eighth identification information identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the eighth identification information includes packet group number (PGN) identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets that are considered as a whole for transmission.

[0036] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the aforementioned first data unit includes the sixth identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes ninth identification information, wherein the ninth identification information is related to the sixth identification information, and the ninth identification information identifies the frame, fragment or stripe to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs. The data unit regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of a packet group frame identifier (PGFID), a packet group slice identifier (PGSID) or a packet group tile identifier (PGTID). PGFID identifies the frame to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, PGSID identifies the fragment to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, and PGTID identifies the stripe to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs.

[0037] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the aforementioned first data unit includes the seventh identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes tenth identification information, wherein the tenth identification information is related to the seventh identification information, and the tenth identification information identifies the total size of the data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the tenth identification information includes packet group bit size (PGBS) identification information, and the PGBS identification information identifies the total bit size (which can also be understood as the total number of bits) of the data packet that is considered as a whole for transmission.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the executor of the method provided by the first aspect may process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit based on one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information or the seventh identification information contained in the first data unit.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect discards or sends the received data unit based on the fifth identification information. For example, the fifth identification information includes the aforementioned integrity quantity identification information, which identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted). The execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect compares the number of received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of received data packets) with the above-mentioned number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect discards the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect sends the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission. Through this implementation, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the efficiency of transmission resource utilization.

[0040] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect determines the order of transmitting data units based on the sixth identification information. For example, the sixth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. The execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect determines the order of sending data packets based on one or more of the integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized based on the correlation of video frames, video fragments, or video strips, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0041] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect determines the priority of the transmitted data unit based on the seventh identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data unit to be transmitted first). For example, the seventh identification information includes the aforementioned integrity size identification information. The execution subject of the method provided in the first aspect determines the priority of the data packet sent to the access network device based on the integrity size identification information, that is, determines which data packets are sent to the access network device first. Through this implementation, high-priority data transmission requirements can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0042] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which can be executed by an access network device or by a component of the access network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system), including: receiving a second data unit from a user plane network element, obtaining third identification information and fourth identification information in the second data unit. Obtaining QoS template (profile) information corresponding to the second data unit based on the fourth identification information. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal based on the third identification information and the above-mentioned QoS template information.

[0043] Through the above method, the access network equipment can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of complete transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, a second correspondence exists between the QoS template information and the fourth identification information. Obtaining the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit specifically includes: obtaining the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit and the second correspondence. Optionally, the second correspondence may be predefined or obtained from a mobility management network element. The mobility management network element may obtain the second correspondence from the session management network element. In this way, QoS template information can be obtained more conveniently.

[0045] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the QoS template information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, where the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The attribute information of the target transmission requirement may be integrity transmission indication information, which indicates that the corresponding QoS flow requires integrity transmission. Therefore, the data information contained in the QoS flow requiring integrity transmission is treated as a whole and transmitted, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0046] In combination with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the above-mentioned QoS template information includes a 5GQoS identifier (5G QoS identifier, 5QI) indicating 5G QoS attribute information, and the 5G QoS attribute information includes attribute information of the target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The attribute information of the target transmission requirement may be integrity transmission indication information, and the integrity transmission indication information is used to indicate that the corresponding QoS flow needs to be transmitted with integrity. Therefore, the data information contained in the QoS flow that needs to be transmitted with integrity will be regarded as a whole for transmission, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0047] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the QoS template information may further include one or more of the following information: allocation and retention priority (ARP) information, guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) information, maximum flow bit rate (MFBR) information, notification control information, maximum packet loss rate (MPLR) information, or reflective QoS attribute (RQA) information. Through this embodiment, a more flexible and diverse QoS configuration can be obtained, thereby adapting to service transmission with more different requirements.

[0048] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the 5G QoS attribute information may further include one or more of the following information: resource type information, priority information, packet delay budget (PDB) information, packet error rate (PER) information, average window information, or maximum data burst information. Through this embodiment, more flexible and diverse QoS configuration attributes can be obtained, thereby adapting to more service transmission requirements with different needs.

[0049] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, when the QoS template information indicates a target transmission requirement, the second data unit with the same third identification information is transmitted with integrity. The second data unit with the same third identification information can be transmitted using a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0050] For example, two or more second data units with the same third identification information are carried on the same radio bearer for transmission. In this way, the access network can perform overall scheduling of the two or more second data units, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0051] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, these second data units are scheduled first. In this way, the access network can set different priorities for different services, improving the user's experience of multimedia services.

[0052] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and some of the second data units have been successfully transmitted while others have not, the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units will be prioritized for scheduling. This approach ensures that the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units are reliably transmitted first, thus avoiding the problem of invalid transmission of successfully transmitted second data units due to transmission errors in some second data units.

[0053] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier (PGID). The data information contained in the second data unit including the packet group ID will be treated as a whole for transmission, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0054] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the fourth identification information may be a Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) for identifying a QoS flow. This embodiment enables the second data unit to be received and identified, and QoS requirement information corresponding to the first data unit to be obtained based on the fourth identification information.

[0055] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information. Since the content of the GTP header information can be parsed, the third identification information can be obtained, thereby enabling the access network to perform integrity transmission of the second data unit containing the same third identification information based on the third identification information, thereby meeting synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0056] In combination with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, receiving a second data unit from a user plane network element and obtaining the third identification information and the fourth identification information in the second data unit specifically include: receiving at least two second data units from the user plane network element, the at least two second data units respectively containing the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units also respectively containing mutually different fourth identification information. Obtaining the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information specifically includes: obtaining the QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units according to the fourth identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information and the above-mentioned QoS template information specifically includes: outputting / sending the at least two second data units according to the third identification information and the QoS template information.

[0057] In combination with the second aspect, in certain embodiments of the second aspect, when the second data unit includes eighth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes ninth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes tenth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit. When the execution subject of the method provided by the second aspect obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the execution subject of the method provided by the second aspect outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect discards or sends the received data unit based on the eighth identification information. For example, the eighth identification information includes the aforementioned PGN identification information, which identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted). The execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect compares the number of received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of received data packets) with the above-mentioned number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect discards the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect sends the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission to the terminal. Through this implementation, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the efficiency of transmission resource utilization.

[0059] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the order of transmitting data units based on the ninth identification information. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. The execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the order in which data packets are sent to the terminal based on one or more of PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized based on the correlation of video frames, video fragments, or video strips, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0060] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the priority of the transmitted data unit based on the tenth identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data unit to be transmitted first). For example, the tenth identification information includes the aforementioned PGBS identification information. The execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the priority of the data packet sent to the terminal based on the PGBS identification information, that is, determines which data packets are sent to the terminal first. Through this implementation, high-priority data transmission requirements can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0061] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which can be executed by a user plane network element or a fixed network device, or by a component of a user plane network element or a fixed network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), including: receiving a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit including second identification information. Performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, wherein the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Sending the second data unit to the access network device. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, which can be obtained by, for example, encoding and / or rendering the source data of XR by the server. Optionally, the second data unit is a quality of service (QoS) stream. Optionally, the first data unit may also include one or more of the first identification information, the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information. Optionally, the second data unit may also include one or more of the fourth identification information, the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. Regarding the first identification information, second identification information, third identification information, fourth identification information, fifth identification information, sixth identification information, seventh identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information and tenth identification information, please refer to the description in the first aspect above and will not be repeated here.

[0062] Through this method, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be transmitted with integrity, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0063] In combination with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0064] In conjunction with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. This allows the same slice of data or the same tile of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video image.

[0065] In combination with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0066] In combination with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0067] In conjunction with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information may be treated as data for the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. This allows the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0068] In combination with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on first data units having the same second identification information have the same third data identification.

[0069] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data for the same frame. Second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0070] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's experience of the video picture.

[0071] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. The second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0072] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. The second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0073] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. The second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0074] In conjunction with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, the execution entity of the method provided in the third aspect may process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit based on one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information contained in the first data unit. For detailed implementation, please refer to the description of the first aspect above and will not be repeated here.

[0075] In the fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which can be executed by an access network device or by a component of the access network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), including: receiving a second data unit from a user-side network element, the second data unit including third identification information. Output / send the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit. Optionally, the second data unit may also include one or more of fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information or tenth identification information. For the third identification information, fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information and tenth identification information, please refer to the description in the second aspect above, which will not be repeated here. Through this implementation, the access network device can realize the binding transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and improving the user experience of XR services.

[0076] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain embodiments of the fourth aspect, second data units with the same third identification information are transmitted with integrity.

[0077] For example, the access network device carries two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer for transmission. In this way, the access network can perform overall scheduling of the two or more second data units, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0078] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device will prioritize these second data units. In this way, the access network can set different priorities for different services, improving the user's experience of multimedia services.

[0079] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and some of the second data units have been successfully transmitted while others have not, the access network device will prioritize the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units. This approach ensures that the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units are reliably transmitted first through scheduling, avoiding the issue of invalid transmission of successfully transmitted second data units due to transmission errors in some second data units.

[0080] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in certain embodiments of the fourth aspect, receiving a second data unit from a user-plane network element specifically includes: receiving at least two second data units from the user-plane network element, the at least two second data units respectively including the same third identification information. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal based on the third identification information specifically includes: outputting / sending the at least two second data units to the terminal based on the third identification information respectively included in the at least two second data units. For example, the at least two second data units may be carried on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0081] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in certain embodiments of the fourth aspect, when the second data unit includes eighth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the fourth aspect further obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes ninth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the fourth aspect further obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes tenth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided by the fourth aspect further obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0082] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in certain embodiments of the fourth aspect, when the execution entity of the method provided by the fourth aspect obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the execution entity of the method provided by the fourth aspect outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal based on one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. For detailed implementation, reference may be made to the description of the second aspect above and will not be repeated here.

[0083] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device that can implement the method of the first aspect, the third aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the third aspect. The device includes corresponding units or components for executing the above-mentioned method. The units included in the device can be implemented through software and / or hardware. The device can be, for example, a terminal or network device, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal or network device to implement the above-mentioned method.

[0084] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device that can implement the method of the second aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the second aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. The device includes corresponding units or components for executing the above-mentioned method. The units included in the device can be implemented through software and / or hardware. The device can be, for example, a terminal or network device, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal or network device to implement the above-mentioned method.

[0085] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device, comprising: a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the memory being used to store programs or instructions, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the device implements the method of the above-mentioned first aspect, the third aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0086] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device comprising: a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the memory being used to store programs or instructions, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the device implements the method of the above-mentioned second aspect, fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the second aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0087] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, enables the computer to execute the method in the above-mentioned first aspect, third aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0088] In the tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, enables the computer to execute the method in the above-mentioned second aspect, fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the second aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0089] In the eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, it enables the computer to execute the method of the above-mentioned first aspect, third aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0090] In the twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code runs on a computer, it enables the computer to execute the method of the above-mentioned second aspect, fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the second aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0091] In the thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, comprising: a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the memory being used to store programs or instructions, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the chip implements the method of the above-mentioned first aspect, the third aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0092] In the fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, comprising: a processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the memory being used to store programs or instructions, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the chip implements the method of the above-mentioned second aspect, fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the second aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0093] In the fifteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including: the device of the fifth aspect mentioned above and the device of the sixth aspect mentioned above.

[0094] In the sixteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including: the device of the seventh aspect and the device of the eighth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0096] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0097] Figure 3-Figure 5 Schematic diagrams of several scenarios to which the embodiments of the present application may be applied;

[0098] Figure 6 An interactive diagram of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0099] Figure 7 An interactive diagram of another communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0100] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0101] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0102] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] The method and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied in a communication system. Figure 1 The communication system 100 includes one or more access network devices (shown in the figure are access network device 110 and access network device 120 ), and one or more terminals communicating with the one or more access network devices. Figure 1 The terminals 114 and 118 shown in the figure communicate with the access network device 110, and the terminals 124 and 128 shown in the figure communicate with the access network device 120. It can be understood that the access network device and the terminals can also be referred to as communication devices.

[0104] The methods and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in various communication systems, such as fourth generation (4G) communication systems, 4.5G communication systems, 5G communication systems, systems integrating multiple communication systems, or future evolved communication systems (such as 5.5G communication systems or 6G communication systems). For example, long term evolution (LTE) systems, new radio (NR) systems, wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems, and communication systems related to the third generation partnership project (3GPP), as well as other such communication systems.

[0105] The methods and devices provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication system architectures. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a communication system architecture is shown. In the architecture of the communication system, the terminal accesses the core network through an access network (radio access network, RAN) device. The terminal can establish a connection with a data network (data network, DN) or a server in the data network through the access network and the core network. The data network may include, for example, operator services, the Internet (Internet) or third-party services, etc. In a 4G communication system, the connection may be a packet data network connection (packet data network connection, PDN connection) or a bearer. In a 5G communication system, the connection may be a protocol data unit session (protocol data unit session, PDU Session). In future communication systems such as the sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) communication system, the connection may be a PDU session, a PDN connection, or other similar concepts, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In an embodiment of the present application, the connection established between the terminal and the data network or server may also be referred to as a session.

[0106] The access network device in this application can be any device with wireless transceiver functions. Including but not limited to: evolved base stations (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutionary Node B) in LTE, base stations (gNodeB or gNB) or transceiver points (transmission receiving point / transmission reception point, TRP) in NR, base stations of subsequent evolution of 3GPP, access nodes in WiFi systems, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, core network equipment, etc. The base station can be: macro base station, micro base station, pico base station, small station, relay station, or balloon station, etc. Multiple base stations can support the network of the same technology mentioned above, or they can support the network of different technologies mentioned above. The base station can include one or more co-site or non-co-site TRPs. The access network device can also be a server (such as a cloud server), a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, a centralized unit (CU), and / or a distributed unit (DU). The access network device can also be a server, a wearable device, a machine communication device, a vehicle-mounted device, or a smart screen, etc. The following description takes the access network device as a base station as an example. The multiple access network devices can be base stations of the same type or different types. The base station can communicate with the terminal device or communicate with the terminal device through a relay station. The terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations of different technologies. For example, the terminal device can communicate with a base station that supports an LTE network, or with a base station that supports a 5G network, and can also support dual connections with a base station of an LTE network and a base station of a 5G network.

[0107] The terminal in this application is a device with wireless transceiver function, which can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (for example, on airplanes, balloons and satellites, etc.). The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a terminal in industrial control, a vehicle-mounted terminal device, a terminal in self-driving, a terminal in assisted driving, a terminal in remote medical care, a terminal in smart grid, a terminal in transportation safety, a terminal in smart city, a terminal in smart home, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios. A terminal may also be referred to as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), access terminal equipment, vehicle-mounted terminal, industrial control terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal equipment, mobile device, UE terminal equipment, wireless communication equipment, machine terminal, UE agent, or UE device. A terminal can be fixed or mobile.

[0108] As an example and not a limitation, in this application, the terminal may be a wearable device. Wearable devices may also be referred to as wearable smart devices, which are a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed using wearable technology for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. In a broad sense, wearable smart devices include those that are fully functional, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0109] In the present application, the terminal may be a terminal in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection. The terminal in the present application may be a terminal in machine type communication (MTC). The terminal of the present application may be an on-board module, on-board module, on-board component, on-board chip or on-board unit built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle may implement the method of the present application through the built-in on-board module, on-board module, on-board component, on-board chip or on-board unit. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application may be applied to vehicle networks, such as vehicle to everything (V2X), long term evolution vehicle (LTE-V), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), etc.

[0110] The terminal in this application may also be a VR terminal, an AR terminal, or an MR terminal. VR terminals, AR terminals, and MR terminals may all be referred to as XR terminals. An XR terminal may be, for example, a head-mounted device (such as a helmet or glasses), an all-in-one machine, a TV, a display, a car, a vehicle-mounted device, a tablet, a smart screen, a holographic projector, a video player, a remote-controlled robot, a tactile Internet terminal, and the like. The XR terminal can present XR data to the user, and the user can experience a variety of XR services by wearing or using the XR terminal. The XR terminal can access the network wirelessly or wired, for example, through WiFi or a 5G system.

[0111] The core network includes mobility management network elements, session management network elements, and user plane network elements. Optionally, the core network also includes network capability exposure network elements and / or policy control network elements.

[0112] The mobility management network element (MNE) is primarily used for mobility management in mobile networks, such as user location updates, user network registration, and user handover. In 4G communication systems, the MNE can be a mobility management entity (MME). In 5G communication systems, the MNE can be an access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0113] The session management network element is mainly used for session management in mobile networks, such as session establishment, modification, and release. Specific functions include allocating Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to users and selecting user-plane network elements that provide message forwarding functions. In 4G communication systems, the session management network element can be a serving gateway control plane (SGW-C) or a packet data network gateway control plane (PGW-C), or a network element that combines SGW-C and PGW-C. In 5G communication systems, the session management network element can be a session management function (SMF).

[0114] User plane network elements (UEs) are primarily responsible for forwarding user data packets based on the routing rules of the session management NE. In 4G communication systems, UEs can be serving gateway user planes (SGW-U), packet data network gateway user planes (PGW-U), or a combination of SGW-U and PGW-U. In 5G communication systems, UEs can be user plane function (UPF) NEs.

[0115] The policy control network element includes user subscription data management functions, policy control functions, charging policy control functions, and quality of service (QoS) control. In 4G communication systems, the policy control network element can be the policy control and charging function (PCRF). In 5G communication systems, the policy control network element can be the policy control function (PCF).

[0116] A network capability exposure element (NE) is primarily used to expose the capabilities of a communication system to third parties, application service functions, and other entities, and to transmit information between third parties, application servers, and the communication system. In 4G communication systems, this NE can be a service capability exposure function (SCEF). In 5G communication systems, this NE can be a network exposure function (NEF).

[0117] In future communication systems such as 6G communication systems, the above network elements or devices may still use the names they use in 4G or 5G communication systems, or may have other names. The functions of the above network elements or devices may be performed by a single independent network element or by multiple network elements, and this is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0118] In actual deployment, the network elements in the core network can be deployed on the same or different physical devices. For example, as a possible deployment, the AMF and SMF can be deployed on the same physical device. For another example, the network elements of the 5G core network can be deployed on the same physical device as the network elements of the 4G core network.

[0119] In actual deployment, network elements in the core network can be co-located. For example, a mobility management network element can be co-located with a session management network element. In another example, a session management network element can be co-located with a user plane network element. When two or more network elements are co-located, the interactions between these two or more network elements provided in this application become internal operations of the co-located network elements or can be omitted.

[0120] Compared with the core network of the 4G communication system, the core network of the 5G communication system adopts an architecture in which the control plane and the user plane are separated, as well as a service-oriented architecture. It can be understood that the solution in this application is not only applicable to 5G communication systems, but also to evolved 4G communication systems, or future 6G communication systems, etc. The network to which the solution of this application is applicable can adopt an architecture in which the control plane and the user plane are separated, or an architecture in which the control plane and the user plane are integrated. The network to which the solution of this application is applicable can adopt a service-oriented architecture or a non-service-oriented architecture.

[0121] It is understandable that as the network evolves, the names of the above-mentioned network elements may change, and the functions of the network elements may be merged, separated, or even changed, but these changes do not mean that they are out of the scope of application of the present application solution.

[0122] In wireless communication networks, XR technology offers advantages such as multi-perspective and strong interactivity, providing users with a completely new experience and possessing enormous application value and commercial potential. XR encompasses technologies such as VR, AR, and MR, and can be widely applied in fields such as entertainment, gaming, healthcare, advertising, industry, online education, and engineering. VR technology primarily involves rendering visual and audio scenes to closely simulate the visual and audio stimulation of the real world. VR technology typically requires users to wear an XR device (such as a headset) to simulate visual and / or auditory sensations. VR technology can also track user movements, allowing for timely updates to the simulated visual and / or auditory content. AR technology primarily involves providing additional visual and / or auditory information or artificially generated content within the user's perceived real environment. The user's understanding of the real environment can be direct (e.g., without sensing, processing, or rendering) or indirect (e.g., transmitted through sensors and other means), with further augmentation. MR technology inserts virtual elements into a physical scene, aiming to provide users with an immersive experience where these elements appear to be part of the real scene. Network devices can process and transmit data generated by XR services (which may be referred to as XR data). For example, network devices in the cloud can render and encode XR source data (such as source coding), and transmit XR data to XR terminals with the help of network devices in the core network and / or access network. XR terminals provide users with a variety of XR experiences (such as immersive experience, visual experience, interactive experience or device experience, etc.) by processing XR data. There are many different evaluation dimensions for XR experience, such as one or more of the following evaluation dimensions: picture clarity, picture smoothness, picture distortion, picture stereoscopic effect, picture black edges, picture smear, sound quality, sound effects, field of view, freeze, screen distortion, dizziness, audio and video synchronization, interactive freedom, interactive operation response speed, interactive operation accuracy, interactive content loading speed, terminal wearing comfort, terminal wearing fatigue, terminal battery life, terminal portability, or terminal friendliness for visually impaired people, etc.

[0123] A characteristic of XR data is that there are certain dependencies between data. For example, the video frames in XR data can generally be divided into multiple data packets. If the transmission of one of these data packets fails, it may cause the entire video frame to not be correctly received. For example, in the tactile Internet, information such as video information, tactile information, and control information have dependent synchronization requirements. When the transmission of any of these information is lost or delayed, it will affect the overall business performance and user experience. Therefore, how to meet the synchronization requirements between data when transmitting XR data with dependencies, thereby improving the user experience of XR services, has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0124] The embodiments of this application provide an integrity transmission method for the transmission of XR data, in which data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies are transmitted with integrity to meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0125] In this application, the integrity transmission of data can be understood as transmitting two or more data units as a whole. The object of integrity can be understood in many different ways.

[0126] For example, the object of integrity can be content, i.e., content integrity. Multiple content of different dimensions are associated, so the multiple data units corresponding to these multiple dimensions of content are transmitted with integrity. For example, the multiple data units corresponding to a picture frame are associated with each other, the base layer data units and enhancement layer data units corresponding to a picture frame are associated with each other, and the picture frame data units and audio data units are associated with each other.

[0127] For example, the object of integrity can also be a task, event, object, or class, i.e., task integrity, event integrity, object integrity, or class integrity. Multiple data units within the same task, event, object, or class are associated, so integrity transmission is performed on multiple data units within the same task, event, object, or class. For example, in the tactile internet, multiple data units corresponding to video, audio, motion, tactile, and other information are associated with each other.

[0128] It is understood that the integrity transmission and integrity objects in this application may also be described in other ways. For example, the integrity transmission can also be described as task-driven transmission, event-based transmission, or object-oriented transmission, all of which are within the scope of this application.

[0129] The embodiments provided in this application are applicable to a variety of different scenarios. Figure 3-Figure 5 Schematic diagrams showing several scenarios to which the embodiments of the present application can be applied.

[0130] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a scenario to which an embodiment of the present application is applicable is shown. Figure 3The diagram illustrates a system 300, comprising a server 310, a core network and access network 320 (referred to as a transmission network 320, such as an LTE, 5G, or 6G network), and an XR terminal 330. The server 310 can be used to encode, decode, and render XR source data, the transmission network 320 can be used to transmit XR data, and the XR terminal 330 processes XR data to provide users with a diverse XR experience. It is understood that other devices may be included between the transmission network 320 and the XR terminal 330, such as other terminals (such as mobile phones, laptops, or cars) and / or network devices (such as relays, WiFi routers, or WiFi access points). The XR terminal 330 obtains XR data from the transmission network 320 with the help of other terminals and / or network devices.

[0131] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another scenario to which an embodiment of the present application is applicable is shown. Figure 4 The diagram shows a system 400 including an XR terminal 430, a core network and access network 420 (which may be referred to as a transmission network 420, such as an LTE, 5G, or 6G network), and other terminals 410. Other terminals 410 are terminals other than the XR terminal 430. The other terminals 410 may be an XR terminal or an ordinary terminal (also referred to as a non-XR terminal). The other terminals 410 may transmit data to the XR terminal 430 via the transmission network 420. For example, in the tactile Internet, the XR terminal 430 may be a remote-controlled robot or remote operator in the controlled domain, and the other terminals 410 may be tactile users and / or artificial system interfaces in the primary domain. The other terminals 410 in the primary domain transmit data to the XR terminal 430 in the controlled domain via the transmission network 420, thereby realizing remote control of the XR terminal 430.

[0132] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another scenario to which an embodiment of the present application is applicable is shown. Figure 5 The figure illustrates a system 500, which includes a server 510, a fixed network 520, a WiFi router or WiFi access point 530 (referred to as a WiFi device 530), and an XR terminal 540. The server 510 can be used to encode, decode, and render XR source data, and transmit XR data to the XR terminal 540 via the fixed network 520 and WiFi device 530.

[0133] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and implementation methods may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in certain embodiments. It should be understood that the functions explained in this application can be implemented by independent hardware circuits, software running in conjunction with a processor / microprocessor or a general-purpose computer, using a dedicated integrated circuit, and / or using one or more digital signal processors. When the present application is described as a method, it can also be implemented in a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor.

[0134] Figure 6 An interactive diagram of a communication method 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 In the example, the server or data network, user plane network element, access network device and terminal are used as the execution subjects of the interaction diagram to illustrate the communication method, but the present application does not limit the execution subjects of the interaction diagram. Figure 6 The server in the embodiment may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the server to implement the method. Figure 6 The user plane network element in the embodiment may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the user plane network element to implement the method. Figure 6 The access network device may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the access network device to implement the method. Figure 6 The terminal may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal to implement the method. Figure 6 The method 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes sections 610 to 660. This method enables complete transmission of data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meeting synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services. The method 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application is described below.

[0135] Section 610: The server or data network sends a first data unit containing first identification information and second identification information to the user plane network element. In response, the user plane network element receives the first data unit. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, which may be obtained, for example, by encoding and / or rendering XR source data by the server.

[0136] Optionally, the first identification information is used to identify the first data unit. For example, the first identification information includes packet flow description (PFD) information of the first data unit or other index information or identifier (ID) information that can identify the first data unit.

[0137] Optionally, the second identification information includes integrity tag information. The data information contained in the first data unit with the same integrity tag information can subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific name of the integrity tag information. Integrity tag information is only one possible name. Any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned functions should be understood as integrity tag information in this application solution.

[0138] In one possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0139] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. This allows the same slice of data or the same tile of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video image.

[0140] In another possible embodiment, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame can be subsequently regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0141] In another possible embodiment, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0142] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, image frames, or audio information may be considered as data for the same task, event, object, or type of data. This allows the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, event, object, or type of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0143] Optionally, the first data unit further includes fifth identification information, which identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission. The data units that are considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the fifth identification information may include integrity quantity identification information, which identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity quantity identification information. The integrity quantity identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned functions should be understood as the integrity quantity identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0144] Optionally, the first data unit further includes sixth identification information, which identifies the frame, fragment or stripe to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs. The data unit considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the sixth identification information may include one or more of integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information or integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information identifies the frame to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs, the integrity fragment identification information identifies the fragment to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs, and the integrity stripe identification information identifies the stripe to which the data unit considered as a whole for transmission belongs. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific names of the integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information or integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information or integrity stripe identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can achieve the above functions should be understood as the integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information or integrity stripe identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0145] Optionally, the first data unit further includes seventh identification information, which identifies the total size of the data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the seventh identification information may include integrity size identification information, which identifies the total size of the data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific name of the integrity size identification information. The integrity size identification information is only a possible name. Any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned function should be understood as the integrity size identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0146] Part 620: The user-side network element obtains the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit based on the first identification information. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement. The data information contained in the first data unit with the integrity transmission requirement will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side. It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific name of the integrity transmission requirement. The integrity transmission requirement is only a possible name. Any other requirement name that can reflect the above functions should be understood as the integrity transmission requirement in the solution of this application.

[0147] In one possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data for the same frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0148] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice or tile of data in a frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0149] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to base layer data and enhancement layer data for the same video frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0150] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to image frame data and audio data synchronized with the image frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0151] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, image frames, or audio information may be considered as data for the same task, event, object, or type. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0152] Optionally, a first correspondence exists between the target transmission requirement and the first identification information. The user plane network element obtaining the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit based on the first identification information may specifically include: the user plane network element obtaining the target transmission requirement based on the first identification information and the first correspondence. In this manner, the target transmission requirement can be obtained more conveniently.

[0153] The first correspondence relationship may be predefined or obtained by the user plane network element from the session management network element. When the user plane network element obtains the first correspondence relationship from the session management network element, the first correspondence relationship may optionally be included in a packet detection rule (PDR), and the session management network element configures the PDR including the first correspondence relationship to the user plane network element. The session management network element may obtain the first correspondence relationship from a server via a network capability exposure network element and / or a policy control network element.

[0154] Part 630: The user plane network element performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, wherein the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Optionally, the second data unit is a QoS flow.

[0155] The second data unit may further include fourth identification information, where the fourth identification information is used to identify the second data unit. For example, when the second data unit is a QoS flow, the fourth identification information may be a Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) used to identify the QoS flow.

[0156] Optionally, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier (PGID). The data information contained in the second data unit containing the packet group ID will be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side. It will be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the packet group ID. The packet group ID is only one possible name. Any other name that can reflect the above functions should be understood as the packet group ID in the solution of this application.

[0157] The third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit, which can be understood as the third identification information being set based on the second identification information. In one possible embodiment, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit having the same second identification information has the same third data identification.

[0158] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data for the same frame. When these first data units meet the aforementioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0159] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0160] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0161] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units meet the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0162] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0163] Optionally, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. When performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit in section 630 to obtain the second data unit, the protocol header information may be added and the third identification information may be included in the protocol header information.

[0164] In one possible implementation, the protocol header information is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information. When protocol data encapsulation of the first data unit is performed according to GTP, the third identification information may be included in the GTP header information. For example, the third identification information may be included in an extended header portion of the GTP header information. Because the access network device can parse the content of the GTP header information, the third identification information can be obtained, thereby enabling the access network device to transmit the second data unit containing the same third identification information with integrity based on the third identification information, thereby meeting synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0165] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific protocol based on the above-mentioned protocol data encapsulation. GTP is only a possible data encapsulation protocol. Any other protocol that can achieve the above-mentioned functions should be understood as the protocol based on the protocol data encapsulation in the present application scheme.

[0166] Optionally, when the aforementioned first data unit includes the fifth identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user-side network element performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit also includes the eighth identification information, wherein the eighth identification information is related to the fifth identification information, and the eighth identification information identifies the number of data units that are considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the eighth identification information includes packet group number (PGN) identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets that are considered as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific name of the PGN identification information. The PGN identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned function should be understood as the PGN identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0167] Optionally, when the aforementioned first data unit includes the sixth identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user plane network element performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes ninth identification information, wherein the ninth identification information is related to the sixth identification information, and the ninth identification information identifies the frame, fragment or stripe to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs. The data unit regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of a packet group frame identifier (PGFID), a packet group slice identifier (PGSID) or a packet group tile identifier (PGTID). PGFID identifies the frame to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, PGSID identifies the fragment to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, and PGTID identifies the stripe to which the data packet regarded as a whole for transmission belongs. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific names of PGFID, PGSID or PGTID. PGFID, PGSID or PGTID is just a possible name. Any other information that can achieve the above functions should be understood as PGFID, PGSID or PGTID in the scheme of this application.

[0168] Optionally, when the aforementioned first data unit includes the seventh identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user-side network element performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes the tenth identification information, wherein the tenth identification information is related to the seventh identification information, and the tenth identification information identifies the total size of the data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission. The data unit that is considered as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the tenth identification information includes packet group bit size (PGBS) identification information, and the PGBS identification information identifies the total bit size (also understood as the total number of bits) of the data packet that is considered as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific name of the PGBS identification information. The PGBS identification information is only a possible name. Any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned function should be understood as the PGBS identification information in the scheme of the present application.

[0169] Part 640: In a possible implementation of part 640, the user plane network element sends a second data unit to the access network device, and accordingly, the access network device receives the second data unit from the user plane network element and obtains the third identification information and the fourth identification information in the second data unit.

[0170] Optionally, when the second data unit includes eighth identification information, the access network device further obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes ninth identification information, the access network device further obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes tenth identification information, the access network device further obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0171] It can be understood that the user plane network element can process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit according to one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information or the seventh identification information included in the first data unit.

[0172] In one possible implementation, the user-plane network element discards or sends the received data unit based on the fifth identification information. For example, the fifth identification information includes the aforementioned integrity quantity identification information, which identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted that are considered as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted). The user-plane network element compares the number of received data packets that are considered as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of received data packets) with the above-mentioned number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the user-plane network element discards the received data packets that are considered as a whole for transmission. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the user-plane network element sends the received data packets that are considered as a whole for transmission to the access network device. Through this implementation, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the efficiency of transmission resource utilization.

[0173] In another possible implementation, the user-plane network element determines the order of transmitting data units based on the sixth identification information. For example, the sixth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. The user-plane network element determines the order in which data packets are sent to the access network device based on one or more of the integrity frame identification information, integrity fragment identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized based on the correlation of video frames, video fragments, or video stripes, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0174] In another possible implementation, the user-plane network element determines the priority of the transmitted data unit based on the seventh identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data unit to be transmitted first). For example, the seventh identification information includes the aforementioned integrity size identification information. The user-plane network element determines the priority of the data packet sent to the access network device based on the integrity size identification information, that is, determines which data packets are sent to the access network device first. Through this implementation, high-priority data transmission requirements can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0175] Part 650: The access network device obtains the QoS template (profile) information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit.

[0176] Optionally, a second correspondence exists between the QoS template information and the fourth identification information. The access network device obtains the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit based on the fourth identification information in the second data unit, specifically including: the access network device obtains the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit based on the fourth identification information in the second data unit and the second correspondence. This approach makes it possible to more conveniently obtain QoS template information.

[0177] The second corresponding relationship may be predefined or obtained by the access network device from a mobility management network element. The mobility management network element may obtain the second corresponding relationship from a session management network element.

[0178] The QoS template information may be predefined or obtained by the access network device from a mobility management network element. The mobility management network element may obtain the QoS template information from a session management network element.

[0179] In a possible implementation, the QoS template information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, where the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement, which may be, for example, the integrity transmission requirement.

[0180] In another possible implementation, the QoS template information includes a 5G QoS identifier (5QI) indicating 5G QoS attribute information, the 5G QoS attribute information including attribute information of a target transmission requirement, the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicating the presence of the target transmission requirement. The target transmission requirement may be, for example, the integrity transmission requirement.

[0181] For example, the attribute information of the target transmission requirement may be integrity transmission indication information, which is used to indicate that the corresponding QoS flow requires integrity transmission. It is understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity transmission indication information. The integrity transmission indication information is only one possible name. Any other information that can achieve the above-mentioned function should be understood as the integrity transmission indication information in the solution of the present application.

[0182] Optionally, the QoS template information in the present application may also include one or more of the following information: allocation and retention priority (ARP) information, guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) information, maximum flow bit rate (MFBR) information, notification control information, maximum packet loss rate (MPLR) information, or reflective QoS attribute (RQA) information.

[0183] Optionally, the 5G QoS attribute information in this application may also include one or more of the following information: resource type information, priority information, packet delay budget (PDB) information, packet error rate (PER) information, average window information, or maximum data burst information.

[0184] Part 660: The access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit and the above-mentioned QoS template information. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the second data unit.

[0185] In a possible implementation, when the QoS template information indicates a target transmission requirement, the access network device performs integrity transmission on the second data unit having the same third identification information.

[0186] The access network device may transmit the second data unit having the same third identification information through a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0187] In one possible transmission method, the access network device carries two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer for transmission. This method enables the access network to schedule the two or more second data units as a whole, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0188] In another possible transmission mode, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device will prioritize these second data units. This allows the access network to prioritize different services, improving the user experience of multimedia services.

[0189] In another possible transmission method, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and some of the second data units are successfully transmitted while others are not, the access network device prioritizes the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units. This method ensures that the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units are reliably transmitted first through scheduling, avoiding the issue of invalid transmission of successfully transmitted second data units due to transmission errors in some second data units.

[0190] Through the above method, the access network equipment can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of complete transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0191] In a possible implementation of part 640, the user plane network element sends at least two second data units to the access network device, and the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units respectively contain fourth identification information that is different from each other. Accordingly, the access network device receives the at least two second data units. Accordingly, in part 650, the access network device obtains QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units based on the fourth identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. The QoS template information, for example, indicates the target transmission requirement. Accordingly, in part 660, the access network device outputs / sends the at least two second data units to the terminal based on the third identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units and the above-mentioned QoS template information, for example, the at least two second data units can be carried on the same wireless bearer for transmission.

[0192] For example, the access network device receives two second data units U1 and U2 from the user plane network element. Take the third identification information as PGID and the fourth identification information as QFI as an example. U1 and U2 contain the same third identification information PGID0, and U1 and U2 respectively contain fourth identification information QFI1 and QFI2, and QFI1 is different from QFI2. QFI1 corresponds to the first QoS template information, and QFI2 corresponds to the second QoS template information. The access network device obtains the first QoS template information corresponding to U1 based on QFI1, wherein the first QoS template information indicates the target transmission requirement. The access network device obtains the second QoS template information corresponding to U2 based on QFI2, wherein the second QoS template information also indicates the target transmission requirement. The access network device carries U1 and U2 on the same wireless bearer for transmission based on the same third identification information PGID0 contained in U1 and U2 and the target transmission requirement (for example, integrity transmission requirement) indicated by the first QoS template information and the second QoS template information.

[0193] Optionally, when the access network device obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information or the tenth identification information.

[0194] In one possible implementation, the access network device discards or sends the received data unit based on the eighth identification information. For example, the eighth identification information includes the aforementioned PGN identification information, which identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted). The access network device compares the number of received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission (referred to as the number of received data packets) with the above-mentioned number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the access network device discards the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the access network device sends the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission to the terminal. Through this implementation, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the efficiency of transmission resource utilization.

[0195] In another possible implementation, the access network device determines the order of transmitting data units based on the ninth identification information. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. The access network device determines the order in which data packets are sent to the terminal based on one or more of the PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized based on the correlation of video frames, video slices, or video strips, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0196] In another possible implementation, the access network device determines the priority of the transmitted data unit based on the tenth identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data unit to be transmitted first). For example, the tenth identification information includes the aforementioned PGBS identification information. The access network device determines the priority of the data packet sent to the terminal based on the PGBS identification information, that is, determines which data packets are sent to the terminal first. Through this implementation, high-priority data transmission requirements can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0197] Figure 7 An interactive diagram of another communication method 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 In the example, the server or data network, user plane network element, access network device and terminal are used as the execution subjects of the interaction diagram to illustrate the communication method, but the present application does not limit the execution subjects of the interaction diagram. Figure 7 The server in the embodiment may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the server to implement the method. Figure 7 The user plane network element in the embodiment may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the user plane network element to implement the method. Figure 7 The access network device may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the access network device to implement the method. Figure 7 The terminal may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal to implement the method. Figure 7 The method 700 shown in FIG. 7 includes sections 710 to 740. This method enables complete transmission of data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meeting synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services. The method 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application is described below.

[0198] Part 710: The server or data network sends a first data unit containing second identification information to the user plane network element. Accordingly, the user plane network element receives the first data unit. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, which can be obtained by, for example, encoding and / or rendering the XR source data by the server. Optionally, the first data unit may also include one or more of the first identification information, the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information. For the first identification information, the second identification information, the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, and the seventh identification information, please refer to the description in method 600 and will not be repeated here.

[0199] In one possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0200] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. This allows the same slice of data or the same tile of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video image.

[0201] In another possible embodiment, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the basic layer data and enhanced layer data of the same picture frame can be subsequently regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0202] In another possible embodiment, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0203] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of action information, tactile information, image frames, or audio information may be considered as data for the same task, event, object, or type of data. This allows the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, event, object, or type of data to be subsequently transmitted as a whole on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0204] Part 720: The user-plane network element performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Optionally, the second data unit is a QoS flow. Optionally, the second data unit may further include one or more of fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information, or tenth identification information. For the third identification information, fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information, and tenth identification information, please refer to the description in method 600 and will not be repeated here.

[0205] The third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit, which can be understood as the third identification information being set based on the second identification information. In one possible embodiment, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit having the same second identification information has the same third data identification.

[0206] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data for the same frame. Second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0207] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice of data or the same tile of data in a picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's experience of the video picture.

[0208] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. The second data units obtained by protocol data encapsulation of these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0209] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. The second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may include the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio and video synchronization.

[0210] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, event, object, or type of data. The second data units obtained by encapsulating these first data units with protocol data may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units containing the same third identification information will subsequently be treated as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0211] Part 730: The user plane network element sends the second data unit to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second data unit from the user plane network element and obtains the third identification information in the second data unit.

[0212] Optionally, when the second data unit includes eighth identification information, the access network device further obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes ninth identification information, the access network device further obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes tenth identification information, the access network device further obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0213] It is understood that the user plane network element can process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit based on one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information included in the first data unit. Detailed implementation methods can be referred to the description in method 600 and will not be repeated here.

[0214] Part 740: The access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit, and accordingly, the terminal receives the second data unit.

[0215] In a possible implementation, the access network device performs integrity transmission on the second data units having the same third identification information.

[0216] The access network device may transmit the second data unit having the same third identification information through a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0217] In one possible transmission method, the access network device carries two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer for transmission. This method enables the access network to schedule the two or more second data units as a whole, thereby improving the user's video experience.

[0218] In another possible transmission mode, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device will prioritize these second data units. This allows the access network to prioritize different services, improving the user experience of multimedia services.

[0219] In another possible transmission method, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and some of the second data units are successfully transmitted while others are not, the access network device prioritizes the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units. This method ensures that the unsuccessfully transmitted second data units are reliably transmitted first through scheduling, avoiding the issue of invalid transmission of successfully transmitted second data units due to transmission errors in some second data units.

[0220] Through the above method, the access network equipment can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of complete transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0221] In one possible implementation of section 730, the user plane network element sends at least two second data units to the access network device, and the at least two second data units each include the same third identification information. Accordingly, the access network device receives the at least two second data units. Accordingly, in section 740, the access network device outputs / sends the at least two second data units to the terminal based on the third identification information each included in the at least two second data units. For example, the at least two second data units may be carried on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0222] For example, an access network device receives two second data units U1 and U2 from a user plane network element. For example, if the third identification information is PGID, U1 and U2 contain the same third identification information PGID0. Based on the same third identification information PGID0 contained in U1 and U2, the access network device carries U1 and U2 on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0223] Optionally, when the access network device obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal based on one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. For detailed implementation, reference may be made to the description of method 600 and will not be repeated here.

[0224] Corresponding to the method provided in the above method embodiment, the present application embodiment also provides a corresponding device, including a module for executing the corresponding module of the above embodiment. The module can be software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0225] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the structure of a device is provided. The device 800 can be a network device, a terminal device, a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the network device to implement the above method, or a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal device to implement the above method. The device can be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment. For details, please refer to the description of the above method embodiment.

[0226] The apparatus 800 may include one or more processors 801, which may also be referred to as processing units, and may implement certain control functions. The processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control a communication device (e.g., a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal, a terminal chip, a DU or a CU, etc.), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0227] In an optional design, the processor 801 may also store instructions and / or data 803, which can be executed by the processor so that the device 800 performs the method described in the above method embodiment.

[0228] In another optional design, processor 801 may include a transceiver unit for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the transceiver unit may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing the receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used for reading and writing code / data, or the transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used for transmitting or delivering signals.

[0229] In another possible design, the apparatus 800 may include a circuit that can implement the functions of sending, receiving, or communicating in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0230] Optionally, the device 800 may include one or more memories 802, on which instructions 804 may be stored. The instructions may be executed on the processor, causing the device 800 to perform the method described in the above method embodiment. Optionally, the memory may also store data. Optionally, the processor may also store instructions and / or data. The processor and memory may be provided separately or integrated together. For example, the corresponding relationship described in the above method embodiment may be stored in the memory or in the processor.

[0231] Optionally, the apparatus 800 may further include a transceiver 805 and / or an antenna 806. The processor 801 may be referred to as a processing unit, which controls the apparatus 800. The transceiver 805 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver device, or a transceiver module, etc., which is configured to implement transceiver functions.

[0232] Optionally, the apparatus 800 in the embodiment of the present application may be used to execute Figure 6 or Figure 7 The method described in .

[0233] The processor and transceiver described in this application can be implemented on an integrated circuit (IC), an analog IC, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), a mixed-signal IC, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a printed circuit board (PCB), an electronic device, etc. The processor and transceiver can also be manufactured using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), N-type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), P-type metal oxide semiconductor (positive channel metal oxide semiconductor, PMOS), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0234] The device described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal device, but the scope of the device described in this application is not limited thereto, and the structure of the device may not be limited thereto. Figure 8 The device may be a stand-alone device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the device may be:

[0235] (1) An independent integrated circuit (IC), or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

[0236] (2) having a set of one or more ICs, optionally including a storage component for storing data and / or instructions;

[0237] (3) ASIC, such as modem (MSM);

[0238] (4) Modules that can be embedded in other devices;

[0239] (5) Receivers, terminals, smart terminals, cellular phones, wireless devices, handheld devices, mobile units, vehicle-mounted devices, network devices, cloud devices, artificial intelligence devices, machine devices, home devices, medical devices, industrial equipment, etc.;

[0240] (6)Others, etc.

[0241] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device is provided. The terminal device can be used for Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 or Figure 5 In the scenario shown. For ease of illustration, Figure 9 Only the main components of the terminal device are shown. Figure 9 As shown, terminal device 900 includes a processor, memory, control circuitry, an antenna, and input / output devices. The processor is primarily used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire terminal, execute software programs, and process software program data. The memory is primarily used to store software programs and data. The radio frequency circuit is primarily used to convert baseband signals into radio frequency signals and process radio frequency signals. The antenna is primarily used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as a touch screen, display, and keyboard, are primarily used to receive data input by the user and output data to the user.

[0242] When the terminal device is powered on, the processor reads the software program from the storage unit, parses and executes the instructions of the software program, and processes the data of the software program. When data needs to be sent wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent and outputs the baseband signal to the RF circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal to obtain an RF signal and transmits the RF signal to the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves via the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal via the antenna, which is further converted into a baseband signal and output to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0243] For ease of explanation, Figure 9 Only one memory and processor are shown. In an actual terminal device, multiple processors and memories may exist. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0244] As an optional implementation, the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit. The baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process software program data. Figure 9 The processor in the embodiment integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processing unit. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the baseband processor and the central processing unit may also be independent processors interconnected through technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and a terminal device may include multiple central processing units to enhance its processing capabilities, and the various components of the terminal device may be connected through various buses. The baseband processor may also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The central processing unit may also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing the communication protocol and communication data may be built into the processor, or may be stored in a storage unit in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to implement the baseband processing function.

[0245] In one example, the antenna and control circuit with transceiver functions can be regarded as the transceiver unit 911 of the terminal device 900, and the processor with processing function can be regarded as the processing unit 912 of the terminal device 900. Figure 9 As shown, the terminal device 900 includes a transceiver unit 911 and a processing unit 912. The transceiver unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the device used to implement the receiving function in the transceiver unit 911 may be regarded as a receiving unit, and the device used to implement the sending function in the transceiver unit 911 may be regarded as a sending unit, that is, the transceiver unit 911 includes a receiving unit and a sending unit. Exemplarily, the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiver, a receiving circuit, etc., and the sending unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, or a transmitting circuit, etc. Optionally, the above-mentioned receiving unit and sending unit may be one integrated unit, or may be multiple independent units. The above-mentioned receiving unit and sending unit may be located in one geographical location, or may be dispersed in multiple geographical locations.

[0246] like Figure 10 As shown, another embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus 1000. The apparatus may be a terminal or a component of a terminal (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.). Alternatively, the apparatus may be a network device or a component of a network device (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.). The apparatus may also be other communication modules for implementing the method in the method embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 (or a processing unit). Optionally, it may also include a transceiver module 1001 (or a transceiver unit) and a storage module 1003 (or a storage unit).

[0247] In one possible design, Figure 10 One or more modules may be implemented by one or more processors, or by one or more processors and memories, or by one or more processors and transceivers, or by one or more processors, memories, and transceivers, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application. The processors, memories, and transceivers may be provided separately or integrated.

[0248] The device has the function of implementing the terminal described in the embodiment of the present application. For example, the device includes a module or unit or means corresponding to the steps involved in the terminal executed by the terminal described in the embodiment of the present application. The function or unit or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation, or by a combination of software and hardware. For details, please refer to the corresponding description in the aforementioned corresponding method embodiment. Alternatively, the device has the function of implementing the network device described in the embodiment of the present application. For example, the device includes a module or unit or means corresponding to the steps involved in the network device executed by the network device described in the embodiment of the present application. The function or unit or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation, or by a combination of software and hardware. For details, please refer to the corresponding description in the aforementioned corresponding method embodiment.

[0249] Optionally, each module in the apparatus 1000 in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 or Figure 7 Described method.

[0250] In one possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. The transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit including first identification information and second identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to obtain a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit based on the first identification information, and perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit based on the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, wherein the third identification information is related to the second identification information. The transceiver module 1001 is further configured to send the second data unit to an access network device.

[0251] Through this device, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be transmitted in integrity, meeting the synchronization needs between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0252] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , there is a first corresponding relationship between the target transmission requirement and the first identification information.

[0253] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the first corresponding relationship is predefined, or the first corresponding relationship is obtained from a session management network element.

[0254] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the first correspondence is included in the PDR.

[0255] In some possible implementations of the device 1000, the processing module 1002 is used to obtain the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is used to obtain the target transmission requirement according to the first identification information and the first corresponding relationship.

[0256] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second data unit further includes fourth identification information. Optionally, the fourth identification information includes a QFI.

[0257] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the first identification information includes PFD information.

[0258] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second identification information includes integrity tag information.

[0259] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0260] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0261] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0262] In another possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. Transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user-plane network element. Processing module 1002 is configured to obtain third identification information and fourth identification information in the second data unit, and obtain QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit based on the fourth identification information. Processing module 1002 is further configured to output / send the second data unit based on the third identification information and the QoS template information.

[0263] Through the above-mentioned device, the access network equipment can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of complete transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0264] In certain possible implementations of the device 1000, the transceiver module 1001 is used to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, specifically including: the transceiver module 1001 is used to receive at least two second data units from the user plane network element, the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units also respectively contain fourth identification information that is different from each other. The processing module 1002 is used to obtain the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit based on the fourth identification information, and output / send the second data unit based on the third identification information and the above-mentioned QoS template information, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is used to obtain the QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units respectively based on the fourth identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units, and output / send at least two second data units based on the third identification information and the QoS template information. Optionally, the processing module 1002 is used to carry the at least two second data units on the same wireless bearer for transmission.

[0265] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the QoS template information includes attribute information of the target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0266] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the QoS template information includes a 5QI, the 5QI indicating 5G QoS attribute information, the 5G QoS attribute information including attribute information of a target transmission requirement, the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicating the presence of the target transmission requirement. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0267] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0268] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0269] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the fourth identification information includes a QFI.

[0270] In another possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. Transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit including second identification information. Processing module 1002 is configured to perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Transceiver module 1001 is further configured to send the second data unit to an access network device. Optionally, the first data unit may further include the first identification information. Optionally, the second data unit may further include fourth identification information.

[0271] Through this device, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be transmitted in integrity, meeting the synchronization needs between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0272] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the first identification information includes PFD information.

[0273] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second identification information includes integrity tag information.

[0274] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0275] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the fourth identification information includes a QFI.

[0276] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0277] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0278] In another possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. Transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, where the second data unit includes third identification information. Processing module 1002 is configured to output / send the second data unit based on the third identification information in the second data unit. Optionally, the second data unit may also include fourth identification information.

[0279] Through the above-mentioned device, the access network equipment can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of complete transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0280] In certain possible implementations of the device 1000, the transceiver module 1001 is used to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, specifically including: the transceiver module 1001 is used to receive at least two second data units from the user plane network element, and the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information. The processing module 1002 is used to output / send the second data unit according to the third identification information in the second data unit, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is used to output / send the at least two second data units according to the third identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. Optionally, the processing module 1002 is used to carry the at least two second data units on the same wireless bearer for transmission.

[0281] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0282] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000 , the fourth identification information includes a QFI.

[0283] In some possible implementations of the apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0284] It is understandable that some optional features in the embodiments of the present application may, in certain scenarios, be implemented independently of other features, such as the solution on which they are currently based, to solve corresponding technical problems and achieve corresponding effects. They may also be combined with other features in certain scenarios as needed. Accordingly, the devices provided in the embodiments of the present application may also implement these features or functions accordingly, which will not be described in detail here.

[0285] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks and steps listed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. Whether such functions are implemented by hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design requirements of the entire system. Those skilled in the art may use various methods to implement the described functions for corresponding applications, but such implementation should not be construed as exceeding the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application.

[0286] It is understood that the processor in the embodiment of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or instructions in the form of software. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component.

[0287] The solutions described in this application can be implemented in various ways. For example, these technologies can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of hardware. For hardware implementation, the processing unit for executing these technologies at a communication device (e.g., a base station, a terminal, a network entity, or a chip) can be implemented in one or more general-purpose processors, DSPs, digital signal processing devices, ASICs, programmable logic devices, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, alternatively, the general-purpose processor can also be any traditional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The processor can also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.

[0288] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0289] The present application also provides a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments when executed by a computer.

[0290] The present application also provides a computer program product, which implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments when executed by a computer.

[0291] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated therein. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a high-density digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0292] It will be understood that the “embodiment” mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the various embodiments in the entire specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It will be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0293] It can be understood that in this application, "when", "if" and "if" all mean that the device will perform corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, and do not limit the time. It does not require that the device must perform a judgment action when it is implemented, nor does it mean that there are other limitations.

[0294] The term "simultaneously" in this application may be understood as at the same time point, within a period of time, or within the same cycle.

[0295] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various numerals such as the first and second involved in this application are only for the purpose of describing the distinction made, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The specific values of the numbers (also referred to as indexes), the specific values of the quantities, and the positions in this application are only for illustrative purposes, are not the only form of representation, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The various numerals such as the first and second involved in this application are also only for the purpose of describing the distinction made, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0296] In this application, elements expressed in the singular are intended to mean "one or more" rather than "one and only one" unless otherwise specified. In this application, unless otherwise specified, "at least one" is intended to mean "one or more" and "a plurality" is intended to mean "two or more."

[0297] Additionally, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. The term "and / or" is simply a description of an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. A can be singular or plural, and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the related objects.

[0298] In this document, the term "at least one of..." or "at least one of..." means all or any combination of the listed items. For example, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, C exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, B and C exist at the same time, and A, B and C exist at the same time. A may be singular or plural, B may be singular or plural, and C may be singular or plural.

[0299] It is understood that in each embodiment of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean determining B based solely on A, but B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0300] The correspondences shown in the tables in this application can be configured or predefined. The values of the information in each table are examples only and can be configured to other values, which are not limited by this application. When configuring the correspondence between information and parameters, it is not necessarily required to configure all the correspondences shown in each table. For example, in the tables in this application, the correspondences shown in certain rows may not be configured. For another example, appropriate deformation adjustments can be made based on the above tables, such as splitting, merging, etc. The names of the parameters shown in the titles of the above tables can also use other names that can be understood by the communication device, and the values or representations of the parameters can also use other values or representations that can be understood by the communication device. When implementing the above tables, other data structures can also be used, such as arrays, queues, containers, stacks, linear lists, pointers, linked lists, trees, graphs, structures, classes, heaps, hash tables or hash tables, etc.

[0301] The predefined in this application may be understood as defined, predefined, stored, pre-stored, pre-negotiated, pre-configured, solidified, or pre-burned.

[0302] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0303] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, for the sake of convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, devices, and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0304] It is understood that the systems, devices, and methods described in this application may also be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0305] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0306] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0307] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0308] The same or similar parts between the various embodiments in this application can refer to each other. In the various embodiments in this application, and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, implementation methods, implementation methods, or implementation methods according to their inherent logical relationships. The above-described implementation methods of this application do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0309] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: include: receiving a second data unit from a user plane network element, where the second data unit includes third identification information, and the second data units having the same third identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; Send the second data unit to the terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The protocol header information is General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The second data unit is obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit, and the third identification information is set according to the second identification information included in the first data unit.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit having the same second identification information has the same third identification information.

7. A communication method, characterized in that: include: generating a first data unit, wherein the first data unit includes second identification information, and the first data units having the same second identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; Send the first data unit to the user plane network element.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit having the same second identification information has the same third identification information.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that The first data unit further includes first identification information, where the first identification information indicates a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The first data unit further includes seventh identification information, where the seventh identification information identifies the total size of data units including the first data unit and considered as a whole for transmission.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that: The second identification information includes integrity flag information.

12. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The data network sends a first data unit to a user plane network element, where the first data unit includes second identification information; wherein the first data units with the same second identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; The user plane network element receives the first data unit, performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit, obtains a second data unit including third identification information, and sends the second data unit to the access network device; The third identification information is set according to the second identification information, and the second data units with the same third identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The method further comprises: The access network device receives the second data unit and sends the second data unit to the terminal.

14. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The user plane network element performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit containing the second identification information, obtains a second data unit containing the third identification information, and sends the second data unit to the access network device; The access network device receives the second data unit and sends the second data unit to the terminal; In which, the first data unit includes second identification information, the first data unit with the same second identification information corresponds to data of the same picture frame or the same slice, the third identification information is set according to the second identification information, and the second data unit with the same third identification information corresponds to data of the same picture frame or the same slice.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The method further comprises: The data network sends the first data unit to the user plane network element, and the user plane network element receives the first data unit from the data network.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that: The second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit having the same second identification information has the same third identification information.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that: The first data unit further includes first identification information, where the first identification information indicates a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that: The first data unit further includes seventh identification information, where the seventh identification information identifies the total size of data units including the first data unit and considered as a whole for transmission.

19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that: The second identification information includes integrity flag information.

20. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that: The third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

21. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that: The second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The protocol header information is General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information.

23. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a module for executing the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

24. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a module for executing the method according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

25. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instruction stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program or instruction is executed, the computer is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

26. A computer program product, comprising computer program code, characterized in that: When the computer program code is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

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