Deep immature soil utilization technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a deep immature soil utilization technology. According to the specific technical scheme, the deep immature soil utilization technology is characterized in that a waste residue cushion layer, an impermeable layer, a reconstructed soil layer and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are sequentially arranged on the damaged surface of an engineering damaged area from bottom to top; the reconstructed soil layer is mainly formed by mixing underground deep raw soil, waste residues and surface soil, and the underground deep raw soil, the waste residues and the surface soil are respectively sieved by a 1cm sieve in a soil treatment device. According to the method, the common problem that surface soil for restoration is deficient in an ecological restoration project in the alpine region is solved, the local underground deep-layer raw soil and the project waste slag serve as surface soil replacement materials and are mixed with the surface soil according to a certain proportion, and a good ecological restoration effect is achieved in a project damaged region in the alpine region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a deep raw soil utilization technology, which is particularly suitable for soil reconstruction in damaged engineering areas in alpine regions. Background Art

[0002] During large-scale engineering construction, the natural forms of native soil and vegetation are inevitably severely disturbed. Therefore, the scientific and sustainable restoration of damaged land resources is a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in engineering construction. Traditional restoration methods are mostly limited to simple backfilling after stripping the topsoil. However, this method often requires a large amount of imported soil to achieve the goal of landform restoration. However, the use of imported soil not only has significant disadvantages in terms of economic costs, but also fails to achieve the expected results in terms of improving ecological benefits.

[0003] In recent years, soil reconstruction methods have been widely used in many engineering projects. This method reconstructs the soil layer through the comprehensive application of physical, chemical and engineering means. In this process, by adding a variety of topsoil replacement materials, mainly coal gangue, fly ash, river and lake silt and garbage, the water retention and fertilizer retention of the topsoil are significantly enhanced, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the restoration of vegetation and effectively promoting the reconstruction and stability of the ecosystem. However, in the damaged areas of the project in the high-altitude cold region, due to the unique geographical and environmental conditions, the choice of topsoil replacement materials is extremely limited. At the same time, the soil texture in the area is poor and the topsoil layer is shallow, which significantly increases the difficulty of ecological restoration work. Therefore, given the particularity of the damaged areas of the project in the high-altitude cold region, it is urgent to make full use of the universal materials available around the project and develop targeted soil reconstruction technologies.

[0004] Waste residue can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil by improving the soil structure, increasing the soil porosity, etc., thereby creating favorable conditions for vegetation restoration. In addition, engineering waste residue, as a highly accessible material, can effectively solve the problem of scarce topsoil resources in high-altitude cold areas, while reducing the cost of ecological restoration, but it needs to be combined with other improvement measures, and deep underground raw soil (referring to the original soil that has not undergone natural weathering and maturation processes) can be used as a topsoil substitute for soil reconstruction. Therefore, the present invention uses deep underground raw soil and engineering waste residue as topsoil substitutes, and mixes them with the topsoil in a certain ratio. This not only helps to improve the economy of the restoration work, but also can more efficiently restore the local ecosystem, and provide a scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable use of damaged land. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a deep-layer raw soil utilization technology that addresses the common problem of a shortage of topsoil for ecological restoration projects in high-altitude and frigid regions. By combining local deep-layer raw soil with project waste as a topsoil substitute, and mixing them with topsoil in a specific ratio, this method achieves excellent ecological restoration results in damaged areas of high-altitude and frigid regions. This method offers low restoration costs and operational difficulty, effectively addressing the many challenges facing soil restoration in damaged areas of high-altitude and frigid regions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention discloses a deep raw soil utilization technology, in which a waste slag cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a reconstructed soil layer and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top on the damaged surface of the damaged area of the project; the reconstructed soil layer is mainly composed of a mixture of deep underground raw soil, waste slag and topsoil, and the deep underground raw soil, waste slag and topsoil are respectively sieved with 1 cm in a soil processing device.

[0008] Preferably, the soil organic matter content in the reconstructed soil layer is greater than 20 g / kg, the total N content is greater than 1 g / kg, the total P content is greater than 0.5 g / kg, the total K content is greater than 20 g / kg, the effective N content is greater than 20 mg / kg, the effective P content is greater than 4 mg / kg, and the permeability coefficient is less than 2×10 -5 cm / s.

[0009] Preferably, when the topsoil content is ≤50% and the deep underground raw soil content is ≥25%, the waste residue content is 25% to 50%, and the mass ratio of the topsoil to the deep underground raw soil is 1 to 2:1 to 2.

[0010] Preferably, the anti-seepage layer is made of waterproof material with a permeability coefficient of ≤10 -9 cm / s, with a thickness of 1 to 3 cm; the thickness of the waste slag cushion layer is ≥10 cm, and the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is 20 to 50 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the waste slag cushion layer is waste slag with a particle size greater than 1 cm and a particle size less than 1 cm.

[0012] Correspondingly, a device for deep raw soil utilization technology includes a soil processing device, which includes a processing box with an open top, a reciprocating screening mechanism is horizontally arranged in the middle of the processing box, and a crushing mechanism is arranged in the processing box and above the screening mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes a funnel-shaped bottom shell arranged in a processing box, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the bottom shell, a primary screen is provided below the discharge port, a rotating shaft is vertically provided in the processing box, a plurality of crushing blades are provided on the rotating shaft, bearings are respectively mounted and fixed at both ends of the rotating shaft, a plurality of support rods are provided on the circumference of the bearings, the support rods are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the processing box and the inner wall of the bottom shell, and the rotating shaft is driven by a pulley.

[0014] Preferably, the screening mechanism includes a support plate correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the processing box, a limit plate is arranged above the support plate, a screen support frame is arranged between the support plate and the limit plate, a screen is detachably arranged at the center of the screen support frame, a fixed block is arranged at the center of the screen support frame through a connecting rod, a "⊥"-shaped fixed rod is arranged at the bottom of the fixed block, a transmission rod is rotatably connected to the fixed rod, the other end of the transmission rod is hinged to the turntable and is eccentrically arranged, and the turntable is driven by a motor.

[0015] Preferably, a limit bar is provided on the top of one side of the screen support frame extending between the support plate and the limit plate, a plurality of balls are provided on the bottom of the limit plate, the balls are in contact with the top of the screen support frame, and a spring is provided on one side of the screen support frame extending between the support plate and the limit plate;

[0016] The inner wall of the screen support frame is provided with a circle of "L"-shaped annular groove, and there is an inclined surface between the annular groove and the top of the screen support frame. A circle of fixing strips is provided on the circumference of the screen, and the fixing strips are adapted to the annular groove, and the top of the fixing strips is flush with the top surface of the screen support frame.

[0017] Preferably, an electric slide is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the processing box, the electric slide is arranged horizontally above the screen, a connecting rod is fixed between the sliders of the two electric slides, a scraper is provided at the bottom of the connecting rod, and the scraper is arranged toward the screen support frame;

[0018] A slag discharge port is provided on the side wall of the processing box above the screen, and the slag discharge port corresponds to the scraper. A material discharge port is provided on the side wall of the processing box below the screen.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention analyzes the soil physical properties of waste slag, topsoil, and deep underground raw soil in the restoration area, combines the topographic and climatic factors obtained from the current status survey of the restoration area, uses deep underground raw soil and engineering waste slag as topsoil substitutes, fully mixes them with the topsoil stripped during the local construction process, and constructs reconstructed soil for ecological restoration according to a certain scientific ratio. In addition, a waste slag cushion layer, a water-proof layer, a reconstructed soil layer, and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are arranged from bottom to top on the damaged surface of the damaged area of the project. This can effectively and continuously repair the damaged area in the long term and is suitable for the long-term restoration of damaged areas caused by engineering construction.

[0021] 2. Based on the theory of soil profile reconstruction, the present invention cleverly utilizes waste residues in damaged engineering areas in alpine regions and raw soil deep underground to form reconstructed soil. This method is very suitable for alpine regions with a shortage of topsoil. At the same time, native crops are selected as restoration species to protect the integrity of the landscape in the restoration area. The method obtained by the present invention has low restoration costs and simple restoration procedures, making it suitable for large-scale restoration applications in similar sites.

[0022] 3. Based on the theory of soil profile reconstruction, this invention adds deep underground raw soil, which is often overlooked in production projects, as a topsoil substitute in addition to common waste slag. This significantly reduces the demand for topsoil and imported soil during soil reclamation, while improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the reconstructed soil. It aims to solve the key issues of soil remediation and ecological function restoration in damaged engineering areas in high-altitude and cold regions through scientific proportioning and optimized treatment, and provides innovative theoretical and practical ideas for ecological restoration in damaged engineering areas in high-altitude and cold regions and the efficient utilization of underground raw soil resources.

[0023] 4. This invention utilizes a soil reconstitution device to crush directly excavated materials (topsoil, waste residue, and raw soil) on-site, followed by screening to obtain material of the desired particle size, which is then directly fed into a mixer for mixing. Compared to directly screening deep underground raw soil, waste residue, and topsoil, which results in a large amount of material with unqualified particle size, resulting in low utilization rates for deep underground raw soil, waste residue, and topsoil, the device disclosed in this invention effectively addresses this problem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Middle AA view;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Middle BB direction view (only shows the setting of limit plate and electric slide);

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Middle A is a partial enlarged view;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Middle B is a partial enlarged view;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the screen support frame structure;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a top view of the processing box (only showing the arrangement of the support rods and the processing box);

[0031] In the figure: processing box 1, bottom shell 2, discharge port 3, primary screen 4, rotating shaft 5, support rod 6, support plate 7, limit plate 8, screen support frame 9, screen 10, connecting rod 11, fixed block 12, fixed rod 13, transmission rod 14, turntable 15, motor 16, limit bar 17, ball 18, spring 19, fixed bar 20, electric slide 21, connecting rod 22, scraper 23, slag discharge port 24, discharge port 25, crushing blade 26, limit groove 27, connecting block 28, strip hole 29, handle 30, annular groove 31. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] The present invention discloses a deep raw soil utilization technology, specifically a method and device for soil reconstruction using deep underground raw soil. The process of the method for soil reconstruction using deep underground raw soil is as follows: for the damaged area of the target project in the high-altitude cold region, the soil physical properties of the waste slag, topsoil and raw soil in the area are analyzed, and combined with the terrain and climate factors obtained from the current survey of the repair area, a waste slag cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a reconstructed soil layer and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are arranged in order from bottom to top on the damaged surface of the damaged area of the project; the raw material of the waste slag cushion layer is obtained from the waste slag left over from the construction of the project, and its thickness varies according to the terrain conditions and is usually ≥10cm; the raw material of the anti-seepage layer is waterproof material, including polymer material and composite geomembrane, etc., which must meet the permeability coefficient of ≤10 -9 cm / s requirement to improve the utilization of infiltrated water in the reconstructed soil. The thickness is generally 0.2 to 3 cm depending on the choice of waterproof material.

[0035] The reconstructed soil layer is mainly composed of a mixture of deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil, and the deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil are respectively sieved with 1 cm in a soil processing device. The topsoil in the reconstructed soil layer comes from the in-situ soil obtained by stripping the topsoil before construction, and the deep underground raw soil comes from the soil below 30 cm underground around the damaged area of the project. The waste residue needs to be broken into small pieces, treated harmlessly, and then sieved with 1 cm for later use. The thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is 20 to 50 cm. The rooting depths of different native species are obtained based on the current status survey of the restoration area. Specifically: when the stress-resistant crops in the stress-resistant plant growth layer are herbaceous plants, the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is preferably 20 to 30 cm; when the stress-resistant crops in the stress-resistant plant growth layer are shrub-herb combinations or tree-shrub-herb combinations, the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is preferably 30 to 50 cm.

[0036] The stress-resistant plant growth layer is planted with local native stress-resistant crops, such as trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, which are flexibly selected according to restoration needs to improve the ecological carrying capacity of the restoration area.

[0037] Furthermore, when laying the waste slag cushion layer, waste slag with a particle size greater than 1 cm and a particle size less than 1 cm are used successively to fill the underlying surface of the damaged site, with a thickness of not less than 10 cm, so as to coordinate with the surrounding landforms and stabilize the foundation of the restoration area.

[0038] Furthermore, the reconstructed soil layer has a soil organic matter content of >20 g / kg, a total N content of >1 g / kg, a total P content of >0.5 g / kg, a total K content of >20 g / kg, an effective N content of >20 mg / kg, an effective P content of >4 mg / kg, and a permeability coefficient of <2×10 -5 cm / s.

[0039] Furthermore, the mixing ratio of the three different materials, namely, topsoil, deep underground raw soil and waste residue in the reconstructed soil layer, can be determined according to the nutrient content and permeability requirements of the reconstructed soil. Specifically, when the topsoil content is ≤50% and the deep underground raw soil content is ≥25%, the waste residue content is 25% to 50%, and the mass ratio of the topsoil to the deep underground raw soil is 1 to 2:1 to 2, such as 1:1, 1:2 or 2:1.

[0040] The specific operation process of the deep soil utilization technology disclosed in the present invention is as follows:

[0041] On the damaged surface of the project area, a waste slag cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a reconstructed soil layer, and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are laid in order from bottom to top. The waste slag cushion layer is laid on the upper surface of the damaged area and is laid to different thicknesses according to the damage status of the site. It levels the underlying landform, stabilizes the soil reconstruction foundation, and makes it harmonious with the surrounding original landform. The anti-seepage layer is laid on the upper surface of the waste slag cushion layer to slow the infiltration of soil moisture beyond the range available for plants. The reconstructed soil layer is laid on the upper surface of the anti-seepage layer. A certain ratio of deep underground raw soil and waste slag is used as a substitute for topsoil. The material is fully mixed with the topsoil stripped during the local construction process to slow the soil infiltration process and increase the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. The reconstructed soil is laid to different thicknesses according to the selection of restoration crops in different areas. The stress-resistant plant growth layer is laid on the upper surface of the reconstructed soil layer. Native trees, shrubs and grasses are planted according to the restoration goals to restore the native stress-resistant plant planting in the area, effectively intercept surface seepage, and store water and consolidate the soil.

[0042] In the present invention, the waste slag cushion layer is arranged on the damaged surface of the site. When there are obvious potholes on the damaged surface of the construction site, it is necessary to first fill the potholes with unscreened larger particle size waste slag, and then pass the waste slag through a sieve with a pore size of 1 cm. The damaged surface is further smoothed with the screened smaller particle size waste slag, and then the waste slag cushion layer is constructed.

[0043] In the present invention, after the damaged surface of the waste slag cushion is leveled, a bulldozer or a forklift should be used to compact the upper surface, and the compaction degree of the waste slag cushion should meet the standard of >85%.

[0044] In the present invention, the anti-seepage layer is a waterproof material layer, generally selected from one or more polymer materials and composite geomembranes, and its permeability coefficient must meet ≤10 -9 In the embodiment of the present invention, the anti-seepage layer is arranged on the waste slag cushion after the site is leveled to enhance the ability of the reconstructed soil to utilize water.

[0045] In the present invention, the reconstructed soil used in the reconstructed soil layer is obtained by sieving the local topsoil, deep underground raw soil and engineering waste through a 1 cm pore size sieve and then mixing them thoroughly in a mixer according to different mixing ratios. The mixing ratio of the reconstructed soil is determined according to the laboratory analysis results of the physical and chemical properties of different components, and should meet the requirements of organic matter content of the reconstructed soil > 20g / kg, preferably > 25g / kg; total N content > 0.8g / kg, preferably > 1.2g / kg; total P content > 0.5g / kg, preferably > 0.8g / kg; total K content > 20g / kg, preferably > 25g / kg; effective N content > 20mg / kg, preferably > 25mg / kg; effective P content > 4mg / kg, preferably > 5mg / kg; permeability coefficient < 2×10 -5 cm / s, preferably 4×10 -5 cm / s~2×10-6 In the embodiments of the present invention, controlling the nutrient content in the reconstructed soil to reach the above content range and adjusting the reconstructed soil permeability to the above preferred range can enable the reconstructed soil layer to meet the nutrient and water requirements of native stress-resistant plants to the greatest extent possible.

[0046] In the present invention, the proportion of each component in the reconstructed soil layer is determined after meeting the nutrient and infiltration requirements, wherein the local stripped topsoil content should be ≤50%, the deep underground raw soil content should be ≥25%, and the recommended content of local engineering waste is 25% to 50%.

[0047] In the implementation cases of the present invention, the reconstructed soil layer of topsoil: deep underground raw soil: waste residue = 3:3:2 or 1:2:1 enables the recovery effect of native stress-resistant plants to reach 95% to 100% of the level under natural growth conditions.

[0048] A reconstructed soil layer with a ratio of 1:1:2 (topsoil: deep underground soil: waste residue) also enables native stress-tolerant plants to recover at approximately 75% of their natural growth rate. The addition of deep underground soil and construction waste effectively addresses the scarcity of topsoil in the damaged areas of the high-altitude cold region, while fully utilizing the damaged site resources and reducing the amount of imported soil required.

[0049] In the present invention, to ensure a suitable internal pore structure for the reconstructed soil, the reconstructed soil layer should not be over-compacted. While maintaining a suitable soil thickness for the growth of native stress-resistant plants, the reconstructed soil layer should be allowed to settle naturally. If large machinery such as forklifts and excavators are used, the compaction level should not exceed 80%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mixed reconstructed soil is applied to the restoration site using machinery such as forklifts and excavators, and the reconstructed soil layer is laid to the required thickness for native stress-resistant plants to recover using natural stacking and settling.

[0050] In the present invention, the required soil thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is determined by the combination type of native stress-resistant plants in the stress-resistant plant growth layer, specifically by the root distribution depth of the selected stress-resistant plants. In a specific implementation case of the present invention, after conducting a current situation survey of the area near the damaged project area in the alpine region, stress-resistant plant types suitable for ecological restoration in the damaged project area were selected, including grass herbaceous plants such as Elymus nutans, leguminous plants such as alfalfa and sweet clover, shrubs such as sea buckthorn, alpine willow, and alpine rhododendron, and tree plants such as poplar. From herbaceous plants to shrubs to trees, the root distribution depth gradually deepens. Based on the differences in root distribution depths of different plant types, in the present invention, when the restoration target is the herbaceous community configuration, the stress-resistant plant growth layer only contains herbaceous plants, and the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is preferably 20 to 30 cm; when the restoration target is the shrub-grass community configuration, the stress-resistant plant growth layer contains herbaceous plants, shrubs, and tree plants, and the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is preferably 30 to 50 cm.

[0051] In the present invention, the plant cultivation method is flexibly selected in the stress-resistant plant growth layer according to the differences in the configuration patterns of the selected native plants. In the specific implementation case of the present invention, the sowing method is adopted for the seeds of herbaceous plants such as drooping dung grass, and the sowing density is set to 1.5 kg / mu with reference to relevant standards; the sowing method is adopted for the seeds of shrubs such as sea buckthorn, and the sowing spacing is 20 cm; for the branches of trees and shrubs such as alpine willow and poplar, the plants are propagated by cuttings, and the cutting spacing is 30 to 40 cm. After the sowing of the plants is completed, a thin layer of soil should be covered in time. After the cutting is completed, the cutting foundation pit should also be backfilled as soon as possible to allow the plants to be better established. Within one month before the sowing is completed, regular watering and maintenance should be maintained, and then allowed to grow naturally.

[0052] The following will fully describe the implementation and operational details of the present invention in conjunction with an implementation case of the present invention. Note that this implementation case is merely an illustrative example of the present invention's ecological restoration of damaged areas in a specific alpine region. Any other implementation cases derived by relevant technicians through simple deductions using conventional means based on the present invention should also be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Based on the above-mentioned deep raw soil utilization technology, this implementation case combines the actual local conditions of a damaged project area in a high-altitude and cold region in western Sichuan, and adopts the following specific steps to carry out soil reconstruction.

[0055] 1. Conduct a current status survey of damaged project areas in specific high-altitude and cold regions, and collect soil samples of stripped topsoil, deep underground raw soil and project waste in the restoration area and bring them back to the laboratory for physical and chemical property analysis.

[0056] 2. Use a sieve with a pore size of 1 cm to sieve the topsoil, deep raw soil and waste separately for later use.

[0057] 3. Lay out the waste slag cushion layer. Use large-size waste slag and then small-size waste slag to level the underlying surface of the damaged area, maintaining a cushion layer thickness of >10cm. After laying, use large-scale machinery to simply compact the restored area.

[0058] 4. Lay out the anti-seepage layer. Choose a composite geomembrane with a weight of 200g as the waterproof material layer, and its permeability coefficient is less than 10 -12 cm / s, meeting the penetration requirements, it is cut and spliced and laid on the waste slag cushion layer, with a thickness of about 1 cm.

[0059] 5. Lay out the reconstructed soil layer. Based on laboratory analysis results, the stripped topsoil, deep underground raw soil, and waste residue from the damaged project area were mixed in various ratios, such as 3:3:2, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:1:2, to form the reconstructed soil. A control area consisting of 100% stripped topsoil was also set up. According to different ratios, the quantitatively screened topsoil, deep underground raw soil, and project waste residue were placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed. Subsequently, based on the differences in the configuration patterns of the different restoration areas, machinery such as forklifts and excavators were used to construct the reconstructed soil layer in different areas. The thickness of the reconstructed soil layer in the herb configuration area was approximately 20 cm, and the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer in the tree, shrub, and grass configuration area was approximately 40 cm. After the reconstructed soil in each area was piled to the specified thickness, it was subsequently processed by natural stacking and settling.

[0060] 6. Lay out a layer of stress-resistant plants. Plant and propagate a variety of herbaceous, shrubby, and tree-shrubby combinations in different restoration areas through broadcasting, hole sowing, and cuttings. Simultaneously, cover the soil and backfill the cutting pits, followed by watering. Maintain regular watering for the first month after the stress-resistant plants are laid, excluding rainy days, with an average of every two days.

[0061] In terms of specific implementation results, a restoration site covering approximately 2,000 square meters was established from March to May, with seeding in May and subsequent ongoing maintenance. Three months after planting, the herbaceous configuration achieved restoration results comparable to those observed in naturally occurring areas of the surrounding undamaged landscape. The survival rate of shrub-grass and tree-shrub-grass combinations also exceeded 80%, and the populations are gradually recovering. Table 1 below shows the restoration results of herbaceous configurations under different ratios.

[0062] Table 1 Restoration effects of herbal configurations in different ratios

[0063] Proportion / Table: Depth: Slag Plant height Coverage Moisture content 3:3:2 103.3cm 92％ 7.13％ 2:1:1 101.4cm 88％ 5.97％ 1:2:1 94.1cm 85％ 7.58％ 1:1:2 88.9cm 77％ 4.60％ 1:0:0 97.4cm 93％ 5.92％

[0064] At the same time, the present invention does not rely on foreign soil resources, the required mechanical equipment is relatively simple, and the repair cost is greatly reduced. In addition, the combination of native stress-resistant plants can effectively and continuously repair the damaged area after a short period of human intervention, which is suitable for the long-term recovery of damaged areas during construction.

[0065] Since the present invention is aimed at reconstructing soil in damaged areas of target projects in high-altitude and cold regions, it is not convenient to deploy a large number of large-scale equipment. At the same time, if the deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil are directly screened, a large amount of material with unqualified particle size will be present, resulting in a low utilization rate of the deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil. Therefore, to address this situation, the present invention also discloses a device for deep raw soil utilization technology, which crushes the deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil separately and then screens them, thereby improving material utilization.

[0066] refer to Figure 1-Figure 7 A device for deep raw soil utilization technology, in particular, a device for soil reconstruction using deep underground raw soil, includes a soil processing device, the soil processing device includes a processing box 1 with an open top, a screening mechanism that can reciprocate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the processing box 1, and a crushing mechanism is arranged inside the processing box 1 and above the screening mechanism, so that the deep underground raw soil, waste residue and topsoil are crushed separately according to needs, and then screened and finally mixed according to proportion.

[0067] Specifically: the crushing mechanism includes a funnel-shaped bottom shell 2 arranged in a processing box 1, so that the crushed material is discharged from the discharge port of the bottom shell. A discharge port 3 is provided at the bottom of the bottom shell 2, and a primary screen 4 is provided below the discharge port 3. The aperture of the primary screen is larger than the aperture of the screen, which can perform preliminary screening of the material to prevent larger materials from falling onto the screen. A rotating shaft 5 is vertically arranged in the processing box 1, and a plurality of crushing blades 26 are arranged on the rotating shaft 5. Bearings are respectively sleeved and fixed at both ends of the rotating shaft 5. A plurality of support rods 6 are arranged on the circumference of the bearings. The support rods 6 are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the processing box 1 and the inner wall of the bottom shell 2. The rotating shaft 5 is driven by a pulley. It should be noted that the rotating shaft and the crushing blades are fixed in the processing box through support rods. In order to improve the crushing effect, the bottom of the rotating shaft is close to the discharge port, and the length of the crushing blades located in the bottom shell varies according to the size of the bottom shell. The crushing operation is achieved by rotating the shaft using a sheave, a belt, and a drive motor. Raw soil, waste residue, and topsoil from deep underground are drawn directly from the top of the processing box through the gaps between the support rods. The crushing mechanism is then activated to begin the process. In actual use, an excavator can be used to directly load the material into the processing box.

[0068] Furthermore, in order to replace the primary screen with different apertures as needed, an L-shaped limit groove 27 is provided at the bottom of the discharge port. The ends of the two limit grooves 27 on the same side are closed or directly connected through a back plate. The primary screen is directly inserted into the area surrounded by the two limit grooves, and one end of the primary screen is against the closed end or the back plate, thereby performing preliminary screening on the material falling from the discharge port. A pull ring is provided on the primary screen to facilitate installation and removal of the primary screen.

[0069] Furthermore, the screening mechanism includes a support plate 7 correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the processing box 1, a limit plate 8 is arranged above the support plate 7, a screen support frame 9 is arranged between the support plate 7 and the limit plate 8, and a screen 10 is detachably arranged at the center of the screen support frame 9. Specifically: as a preferred embodiment, the support plate and the limit plate are arranged horizontally, only two groups are set, and are arranged correspondingly, a slide groove is formed between the support plate and the limit plate, and the two sides of the screen support frame extend into the slide groove to support the screen support frame, and the other two sides are adapted to the processing box to prevent the material from falling from the gap between the screen support frame and the processing box. The center of the screen support frame 9 is fixed with a fixed block 12 through a horizontally arranged connecting rod 11, that is, the fixed block is located at the center of the screen support frame. Similarly, a connecting block 28 is arranged at the center of the screen 10. The connecting block and the fixed block are arranged correspondingly and in contact. The material of the connecting block and the fixed block is set as needed to achieve the purpose of magnetic fixation of the connecting block and the fixed block, thereby facilitating the disassembly and installation of the screen.

[0070] Furthermore, a fixed rod 13 in the shape of "⊥" is provided at the bottom of the fixed block 12, and a transmission rod 14 is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 13. The other end of the transmission rod 14 is hinged on the turntable 15 and is eccentrically arranged, that is, the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the turntable by an axis (the axis can be combined with a bearing to realize the rotational connection between the axis and the turntable, and the axis is fixedly connected to the transmission rod) on the turntable, and the axis is respectively arranged perpendicular to the turntable and the transmission rod, and the turntable 15 is driven by a motor 16. It should be noted that: the transmission rod is arranged horizontally, so that the fixed rod can directly pass through the transmission rod to realize the rotation of the transmission rod on the fixed rod, or a bearing is set on the fixed rod, and a hole is set on the transmission rod, which is set on the bearing and fixed to realize the rotation of the transmission rod and can prevent the transmission rod from moving axially on the fixed rod. After starting the motor, due to the eccentric arrangement of the turntable and the transmission rod, after the turntable rotates, it drives the transmission rod to rotate, and then drives the screen support frame to reciprocate in the width direction of the support plate, thereby realizing the screening operation. The motor is arranged outside the processing box, the transmission rod extends out of the processing box and is connected to the turntable on the motor. The transmission rod passes through the hole of the processing box so as not to affect the movement of the transmission rod.

[0071] Furthermore, a limiting bar 17 is provided on the top of one side of the screen support frame 9 extending into between the support plate 7 and the limiting plate 8, and a plurality of balls 18 are provided at the bottom of the limiting plate 8. The balls 18 are in contact with the top of the screen support frame 9, that is, the setting of the balls and the limiting bar can prevent the screen support frame from separating from the slide groove formed by the support plate and the limiting plate during the reciprocating motion along the width direction of the support plate.

[0072] Furthermore, a spring 19 is provided on one side of the screen support frame 9 extending between the support plate 7 and the limit plate 8 to prevent the screen support frame from colliding with the inner wall of the processing box during reciprocating motion. It should be noted that since the screen support frame needs to reciprocate, the size of the screen support frame in the direction of motion is smaller than the distance between the inner walls of the processing box between the two support plates. The size of the gap between the screen support frame and the processing box determines the amplitude of the reciprocating motion of the screen support frame, that is, the distance between the two sides of the processing box where the support plates are provided is greater than the length of the screen support frame in that direction.

[0073] Furthermore, in order to fix the screen more stably in the screen support frame, the inner wall of the screen support frame 9 is provided with a circle of "L"-shaped annular groove 31, and there is an inclined surface between the annular groove 31 and the top of the screen support frame 9, which is inclined from the top surface of the screen support frame toward the annular groove 31. A circle of fixing strips 20 are provided on the circumference of the screen 10, and the fixing strips 20 are adapted to the annular groove 31, and the top of the fixing strip 20 is flush with the top surface of the screen support frame 9, that is, the side of the fixing strip is an inclined surface adapted to the inclined surface on the annular groove 31.

[0074] Furthermore, in order to discharge the coarse materials remaining on the screen, an electric slide 21 is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the processing box 1. The electric slide 21 is horizontally arranged above the screen 10. A connecting rod 22 is fixed between the sliders of the two electric slides 21. A scraper 23 is provided at the bottom of the connecting rod 22. The scraper 23 is vertically arranged toward the screen support frame 9 and close to the screen. It should be noted that the scraper and the limit plate are set in the same direction. Under the action of the electric slide, the scraper moves toward the slag discharge port, that is, the scraper moves between the two limit plates. The length of the scraper is greater than the length of the screen in this direction.

[0075] Furthermore, a slag discharge port 24 is provided on the side wall of the processing box 1 above the screen 10. The slag discharge port 24 corresponds to the scraper 23. A material discharge port 25 is provided on the side wall of the processing box 1 below the screen 10. It should be noted that the material discharge port can be provided throughout the processing box or only on one side. A material trough can be provided within the processing box below the screen. A weighing device can be provided within the material trough. Alternatively, a conveying mechanism can be provided if necessary. A weighing device can be provided on the conveying mechanism to directly weigh the raw materials under the screen, thereby facilitating the mixing of multiple materials in proportion.

[0076] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the replacement of the screen, a strip hole 29 is provided on the side wall of the processing box. The strip hole corresponds to the screen support frame, and the strip hole is provided on the same side as one of the electric slides, so that the screen support frame can be pulled out from the chute composed of the support plate and the limit plate through the strip hole. At the same time, in order to prevent the fixing rod from affecting the removal of the screen support frame, the fixing rod is fixed to the fixing block by a thread, that is, the fixing rod is inserted into the fixing block and fixed by a thread. When the screen support frame needs to be taken out, the fixing rod is unscrewed and the screen support frame can be pulled out. At the same time, a handle 30 is provided on the side of the screen support frame facing the strip hole to facilitate the removal of the screen support frame.

[0077] When using the device of the present invention, an excavator can be used to directly add topsoil, waste residue, and raw soil from the top of the processing box into the pulverizing mechanism. The drive motor is started to pulverize the above materials. After pulverization, they are processed and screened through a primary screen. Then, they fall onto the screen. The motor is started to make the screen support frame carry the screen to perform the screening operation. The fallen materials of the required particle size are transported to the mixer through a material trough or conveying mechanism for mixing. It should be noted that the topsoil, waste residue, and raw soil are pulverized and screened separately to avoid the inability to determine their respective weights during mixed pulverization and screening.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0079] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep soil utilization technology, characterized by: A waste slag cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a reconstructed soil layer and a stress-resistant plant growth layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top on the damaged surface of the damaged area of the project; the reconstructed soil layer is mainly composed of a mixture of deep underground raw soil, waste slag and topsoil, and the deep underground raw soil, waste slag and topsoil are respectively sieved with 1 cm in a soil processing device.

2. The deep soil utilization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reconstructed soil layer has a soil organic matter content of >20 g / kg, a total N content of >1 g / kg, a total P content of >0.5 g / kg, a total K content of >20 g / kg, an effective N content of >20 mg / kg, an effective P content of >4 mg / kg, and a permeability coefficient of <2×10 -5 cm / s.

3. A deep soil utilization technology according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the surface soil content is ≤50% and the deep underground raw soil content is ≥25%, the waste residue content is 25% to 50%, and the mass ratio of the surface soil to the deep underground raw soil is 1 to 2:1 to 2.

4. The deep soil utilization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer is made of waterproof material, and its permeability coefficient is ≤10 -9 cm / s, with a thickness of 1 to 3 cm; the thickness of the waste slag cushion layer is ≥10 cm, and the thickness of the reconstructed soil layer is 20 to 50 cm.

5. The deep soil utilization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste slag cushion layer is waste slag with a particle size greater than 1 cm and a particle size less than 1 cm.

6. A device based on the deep raw soil utilization technology according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The soil processing device comprises a processing box (1) with an opening at the top, a screening mechanism capable of reciprocating movement being laterally arranged in the middle of the processing box (1), and a crushing mechanism being arranged in the processing box (1) and above the screening mechanism.

7. The device for deep soil utilization technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises a funnel-shaped bottom shell (2) arranged in a processing box (1), a discharge port (3) being arranged at the bottom of the bottom shell (2), a primary screen (4) being arranged below the discharge port (3), a rotating shaft (5) being arranged vertically in the processing box (1), a plurality of crushing blades (26) being arranged on the rotating shaft (5), bearings being respectively sleeved and fixed at both ends of the rotating shaft (5), a plurality of support rods (6) being arranged on the circumference of the bearings, the support rods (6) being respectively fixed on the inner wall of the processing box (1) and the inner wall of the bottom shell (2), and the rotating shaft (5) being driven by a pulley.

8. The device for deep soil utilization technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The screening mechanism comprises a support plate (7) correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the processing box (1), a limit plate (8) is arranged above the support plate (7), a screen support frame (9) is arranged between the support plate (7) and the limit plate (8), a screen (10) is detachably arranged at the center of the screen support frame (9), a fixed block (12) is arranged at the center of the screen support frame (9) through a connecting rod (11), a "⊥"-shaped fixed rod (13) is arranged at the bottom of the fixed block (12), a transmission rod (14) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (13), the other end of the transmission rod (14) is hinged to a turntable (15) and is eccentrically arranged, and the turntable (15) is driven by a motor (16).

9. The device for deep soil utilization technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: A limiting strip (17) is provided on the top of one side of the screen support frame (9) extending between the support plate (7) and the limiting plate (8); a plurality of balls (18) are provided on the bottom of the limiting plate (8); the balls (18) are in contact with the top of the screen support frame (9); and a spring (19) is provided on one side of the screen support frame (9) extending between the support plate (7) and the limiting plate (8); The inner wall of the screen support frame (9) is provided with a circle of L-shaped annular grooves (31), and an inclined surface is formed between the annular grooves (31) and the top of the screen support frame (9). A circle of fixing strips (20) is provided on the circumference of the screen (10), and the fixing strips (20) are adapted to the annular grooves (31), and the tops of the fixing strips (20) are flush with the top surface of the screen support frame (9).

10. The device for deep soil utilization technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: An electric slide (21) is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the processing box (1), and the electric slide (21) is horizontally arranged above the screen (10). A connecting rod (22) is fixed between the sliders of the two electric slides (21), and a scraper (23) is provided at the bottom of the connecting rod (22), and the scraper (23) is arranged toward the screen support frame (9); A slag discharge port (24) is provided on the side wall of the processing box (1) above the screen (10), and the slag discharge port (24) corresponds to the scraper (23). A material discharge port (25) is provided on the side wall of the processing box (1) below the screen (10).

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