High-quality and high-efficiency planting mode for interplanting wheat and pod peppers

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-efficiency planting mode for interplanting wheat with pod peppers, and belongs to the field of crop planting. The planting mode specifically comprises the following steps: (1) land selection and preparation; (2) selecting and sowing wheat seeds; (3) transplanting pod pepper seedlings; (4) field management; (5) harvesting; according to the method, a symbiotic period of the wheat and the pod peppers is utilized, land and light and heat resources are fully utilized, the ventilation and lighting performance of the wheat can be improved, the overall utilization rate of fertilizer is increased, the land output rate is increased, and the economic income of planting farmers is increased; compared with a traditional mode, the pesticide consumption is reduced by 40%, the comprehensive benefit is improved by 35%, the yield per mu of the wheat is 550 kg, the yield per mu of the pod peppers is 350 kg, and the interplanting method for interplanting the wheat and the pod peppers is simple and convenient to popularize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality and efficient planting mode of wheat intercropping with chili pepper. Background Art

[0002] Henan Province is a major agricultural province, and wheat cultivation is the main wheat producing area in my country. In order to ensure national grain production and increase the economic income of farmers, intercropping wheat with chili peppers is a high-quality and efficient planting model.

[0003] Intercropping technology between crops realizes three-dimensional planting and greatly improves land output. It utilizes the time and space differences in crop growth and harvest. Intercropping wheat and chili pepper can effectively solve the contradiction between grain and economic land. It is an effective way to improve the economic benefits of agricultural production and increase the income of farmers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-quality and efficient planting model of wheat intercropping with chili pepper, which can effectively utilize arable land and improve crop yield and economic benefits.

[0005] The technical solutions of the present invention for solving the above problems are as follows: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping wheat with chili peppers. Ridges need to be built for planting. The ridge bottom width is 40cm, the ridge height is 30cm, and the bed width is 250cm as a planting unit. The distance between wheat and the bed ridge is 12cm. The wheat rows are set at 20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm and so on. Eight rows of wheat are planted on the bed surface; three wide rows are reserved for planting six rows of chili peppers, plus two rows on both sides of the bed ridge. The row spacing of chili peppers is 30cm.

[0006] A high-quality and efficient planting model of wheat intercropping with chili peppers specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Land selection and preparation: select a plot that has not been used to grow peppers in the past two years, with flat terrain, good ecological environment, convenient transportation, fertile soil, loose soil, and good drainage and irrigation conditions; remove weeds from the plot, crush corn stalks and return them to the field, apply 300 kg / mu of decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) and 15 kg / mu of potassium calcium silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, plow deeply and harrow carefully, plow to a depth of 20 to 35 cm, harrow and level the ridges, with a ridge bottom width of 40 cm, a ridge height of 30 cm, and a ridge width of 250 cm as a planting unit. Figure 1 The distance between wheat and ridge is 12cm, and the row spacing of wheat is 20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm and so on. Eight rows of wheat are planted on the ridge surface; three wide rows are reserved for planting six rows of chili peppers, plus two rows on both sides of the ridge. The row spacing of chili peppers is 30cm.

[0008] (2) Wheat seed selection and sowing: Select the first generation of wheat without pests and diseases, select full grains as seeds through a screening machine, place them in the sun for 2 days, mix the seeds with a special wheat seed dressing agent 3 days before sowing, and dry them in the shade after mixing; on October 15 (± 3 days), adjust the wheat seeder according to the row spacing of 20cm + 50cm + 20cm to sow wheat, and the sowing amount of wheat per mu is 12-15kg.

[0009] (3) Transplanting of chili pepper seedlings: In May of the following year, combine it with irrigation of wheat. On May 10 (± 3 days), transplant the commercial chili pepper seedlings to the reserved wheat row within 50 cm and on both sides of the ridge. Transplant with nutrient soil to minimize root damage; plant 2 rows of chili peppers in each reserved row, 5 to 8 cm deep, with a row spacing of 30 cm, a plant spacing of 20 cm, and a distance of 12 cm from the wheat row.

[0010] (4) Field management: Wheat field management: Water the wheat from the seedling stage to the wintering stage, and apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu. ; From the greening period to the jointing period of wheat, and according to the growth conditions of wheat, apply 15-20kg of urea per mu, and water in time after topdressing; from the heading period to the maturity period of wheat, water appropriately according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil, and combine "one spray and three preventions" to prevent and control pests and diseases; Field management of chili pepper: After the chili pepper seedlings are planted, water them thoroughly once immediately, and then spray chili pepper special foliar fertilizer once with a sprayer after 7-9 days; around June 8, harvest wheat with a wheat combine harvester, and pinch the tops of the chili pepper seedlings with the harvester to achieve the effect of increasing the fruit-bearing branches of chili pepper. After the wheat is harvested, manually lay micro-drip tapes in time, and use a water-fertilizer integrated machine to apply 10-15kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to water and promote seedling development; remove weeds in time, water and seal the ridges reasonably, install pest traps once during the initial flowering period of pepper, set 3-5 per mu, and spray biopharmaceuticals for disease and pest control.

[0011] (5) Harvest: Mature wheat was harvested with a combined machine around June 8th, leaving a stubble height of 25 cm. Wheat straw was crushed and returned to the field to effectively protect the moisture content of the chili pepper seedlings. The chili peppers were harvested in three batches from August to September. Mature fresh peppers were picked manually and marketed early. In mid-October, the chili peppers were lifted and aired, moisture-proofed and stacked. Harvesting during the off-season reduced labor costs. Compared with the traditional method, pesticide use was reduced by 42% and the overall benefits were increased by 38%. The actual wheat yield per mu was 550 kg, and the chili pepper yield per mu was 350 kg (dried pepper).

[0012] Choose a plot of land with fertile soil that has not been used to grow peppers in the past two years. Transplant the chili peppers on a sunny evening or a cloudy day. Do not transplant them on rainy days.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes a period of symbiosis between wheat and chili pepper, fully utilizes land resources and light and heat resources, realizes three-dimensional intercropping, and improves land output; the ventilation and light collection of wheat can be improved, and the overall utilization rate of fertilizer is improved; wheat seed dressing can provide fertilizer for wheat, so that nutrients are relatively enriched in the crop rhizosphere, and promote the development of the wheat root system and improve the wheat seedling emergence rate; some fresh peppers can be put on the market in advance from August to September, so that a double harvest of wheat and chili pepper can be achieved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0015] A high-quality and efficient planting model of wheat intercropping with chili peppers specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] (1) Land selection and preparation: select a plot that has not been used to grow peppers in the past two years, with flat terrain, good ecological environment, convenient transportation, fertile soil, loose soil, and good drainage and irrigation conditions; remove weeds from the plot, crush corn stalks and return them to the field, apply 300 kg / mu of decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) and 15 kg / mu of potassium calcium silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, plow deeply and harrow carefully, plow to a depth of 20 to 35 cm, harrow and level the ridges, with a ridge bottom width of 40 cm, a ridge height of 30 cm, and a ridge width of 250 cm as a planting unit. Figure 1 The distance between wheat and ridge is 12cm, and the row spacing of wheat is 20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm+50cm+20cm and so on. Eight rows of wheat are planted on the ridge surface; three wide rows are reserved for planting six rows of chili peppers, plus two rows on both sides of the ridge. The row spacing of chili peppers is 30cm.

[0017] (2) Wheat seed selection and sowing: Select the first generation of wheat without pests and diseases, select full grains as seeds through a screening machine, place them in the sun for 2 days, mix the seeds with a special wheat seed dressing agent 3 days before sowing, and dry them in the shade after mixing; on October 15 (± 3 days), adjust the wheat seeder according to the row spacing of 20cm + 50cm + 20cm to sow wheat, and the sowing amount of wheat per mu is 12-15kg.

[0018] (3) Transplanting of chili pepper seedlings: In May of the following year, combine it with watering the wheat to fill the grain. On May 10 (± 3 days), transplant the commercial chili pepper seedlings to the reserved wheat row within 50 cm and on both sides of the ridge. Transplant with nutrient soil to minimize root damage; plant 2 rows of chili peppers in each reserved row, 5 to 8 cm deep, with a row spacing of 30 cm, a plant spacing of 20 cm, and a distance of 12 cm from the wheat row.

[0019] (4) Field management: ① Wheat field management: From the wheat seedling stage to the wintering period, water the wheat to prevent freezing and apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu; from the wheat greening stage to the jointing stage, apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu according to the wheat growth conditions, and water the wheat in time after topdressing; from the wheat heading stage to the maturity stage, water the wheat appropriately according to the dryness and wetness of the soil, and combine "one spray and three preventions" to prevent and control pests and diseases. ② Field management of chili pepper: After the chili pepper seedlings are planted, water them thoroughly immediately and spray pepper-specific foliar fertilizer once with a sprayer after 7 to 9 days; around June 10, harvest wheat with a wheat combine harvester, and pinch the tops of the chili pepper seedlings to increase the fruit-bearing branches of the chili pepper. Manually lay micro-drip tapes in time, and use a water-fertilizer integrated machine to apply 10 to 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to water and promote seedling development; install pest traps once during the initial flowering period of peppers, with 3 to 5 traps per mu, remove weeds in time, water and seal the ridges reasonably, and spray biopharmaceuticals to prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0020] (5) Harvest: Mature wheat was harvested with a combined machine around June 8th, leaving a stubble height of 25 cm. Wheat straw was crushed and returned to the field to effectively protect the moisture content of the chili pepper seedlings. The chili peppers were harvested in three batches from August to September. Mature fresh peppers were picked manually and marketed early. In mid-October, the chili peppers were lifted and aired, moisture-proofed and stacked. Harvesting during the off-season reduced labor costs. Compared with the traditional method, pesticide use was reduced by 42% and the overall benefits were increased by 38%. The actual wheat yield per mu was 550 kg, and the chili pepper yield per mu was 350 kg (dried pepper).

[0021] The prior art has never disclosed the technology of synergistic utilization of wheat filling water and chili pepper seedling planting water. Through practice, the present invention found that watering at this time can simultaneously meet the needs of increasing wheat thousand-grain weight and slowing down the seedling growth of chili pepper, which is feasible.

[0022] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality and efficient planting pattern of wheat intercropping with chili pepper, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Land selection and preparation: select a plot that has not been used to grow peppers in the past two years, with flat terrain, good ecological environment, convenient transportation, fertile soil, loose soil, and good drainage and irrigation conditions; remove weeds from the plot, crush corn stalks and return them to the field, apply 300kg / mu of decomposed chicken manure, 50kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) and 15kg / mu of potassium calcium silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, plow deeply and harrow carefully, and till the land. The depth is 20 to 35 cm, and the ridges are leveled and leveled. The ridge bottom width is 40 cm, the ridge height is 30 cm, and the ridge surface width is 250 cm, which is a planting unit. As shown in Figure 1, the distance between wheat and the ridge is 12 cm, and the wheat row spacing is 20 cm + 50 cm + 20 cm + 50 cm + 20 cm + 50 cm + 20 cm. 8 rows of wheat are planted on the ridge surface; 3 wide rows are reserved for planting 6 rows of chili peppers, plus 2 rows on both sides of the ridge. The chili pepper planting row spacing is 30 cm. (2) Wheat seed selection and sowing: Select the first generation of wheat without pests and diseases, select full grains as seeds through a screening machine, place them in the sun for 2 days, mix the seeds with a special wheat seed dressing agent 3 days before sowing, and dry them in the shade after dressing. On October 15 ( + 3 days) People adjust the wheat seeder to sow wheat according to the row spacing of 20cm+50cm+20cm, and the sowing amount of wheat per mu is 12-15g. (3) Transplanting of chili pepper seedlings: In May of the following year, combine it with watering the wheat grain filling water, and on May 10 ( + 3 days), transplant the commercial chili pepper seedlings into the reserved wheat row within 50cm, and transplant with nutrient soil to minimize root damage; plant 2 rows of chili peppers in each reserved row, 5-8cm deep, with a row spacing of 30cm, a plant spacing of 20cm, and a distance of 12cm from the wheat row; (4) Field management: ① Wheat field management: From the wheat seedling stage to the wintering period, water the wheat to prevent freezing, and apply 5-8kg of urea per mu; from the wheat greening stage to the jointing stage, and according to the wheat growth status, apply 15-20kg of urea per mu, and water in time after topdressing; from the wheat heading stage to the maturity stage, water the wheat appropriately according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil, and combine "one spray and three preventions" to prevent and control pests and diseases. ② Field management of chili pepper: After the chili pepper seedlings are planted, water them thoroughly once immediately. After 7-9 days, spray pepper foliar fertilizer once with a sprayer. Around June 10, harvest wheat with a wheat combine harvester and top-tip the chili pepper seedlings to increase the number of fruit-bearing branches. Manually lay micro-drip tapes in time and use a water-fertilizer machine to apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer at 10-15 kg / mu to promote seedling growth. Install pest traps once during the initial flowering period of the peppers, with 3-5 traps per mu. Remove weeds in time, water and seal the ridges appropriately, and spray biopharmaceuticals for pest and disease control. (5) Harvest: June 8 ( + Mature wheat is harvested with a combined machine (3 days), leaving a stubble height of 25 cm. Wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field to effectively protect the moisture content of the chili pepper seedlings. From August to September, the chili peppers are harvested in three batches, and mature fresh peppers are picked manually for early market release. In mid-October, the chili peppers are dug up, dried, and stacked to prevent moisture. Harvesting during the slack season reduces labor costs. Compared with the traditional model, pesticide use is reduced by 42%, and the overall efficiency is increased by 38%. The actual yield of wheat per mu is 550 kg, and the yield of chili pepper per mu (dried pepper) is 350 kg.

2. The prior art has never disclosed the technology of synergistic utilization of wheat filling water and pepper seedling planting water. The present invention has found through practice that watering at this time can simultaneously meet the needs of increasing wheat thousand-grain weight and slowing down pepper seedlings, which is feasible.

3. A wheat intercropping pepper high quality planting pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that, Pre-order commercial chili pepper seedlings to reduce the technical risks of seedling cultivation and ensure that the chili pepper seedlings are uniform and strong.

4. A high-quality planting pattern of wheat intercropping with chili pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mixing wheat seeds can promote the development of wheat root system and increase the emergence rate of wheat.

5. A high-quality planting pattern of wheat intercropping with chili pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: Transplant chili peppers on a sunny evening or cloudy day. Do not transplant them on rainy days.

6. The high-quality and efficient planting pattern of wheat intercropping with chili pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: June 8 ( + 3 days) When harvesting wheat, pinch off the tops of the pepper seedlings to increase the fruit setting and branching of the pepper and reduce the cost of manual pinching of the pepper seedlings.

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