Wheat and rice dry direct seeding strip-shaped seeding method based on combined seeding machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat and rice dry direct seeding strip-shaped seeding method based on a combined seeder, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparation before seeding, including seed screening and fertilizer proportioning; s2, carrying out layered rotary tillage fertilization, and carrying out differential tillage by adopting a front-and-back double-shaft rotary tillage unit; s3, the mold roller rotates to precisely dig the seed groove, the mold roller of the standard specification is adopted, and rotating power is provided for the mold roller through driving equipment and a transmission assembly; s4, positioning and precision seeding: carrying out strip-shaped precision and precision seeding at a fertilization starting point based on a laser positioning sensor; s5, soil covering and pressing are carried out, a groove-shaped soil layer is leveled through a soil covering roller, the seeds are covered, and a pressing roller compacts the soil to keep the soil moisture content. The method has the advantages that straw smashing and returning to the field and deep soil activation are achieved, root system downward pricking is promoted, seedling emergence uniformity is high, the strong seedling rate is increased, root system downward pricking depth distribution is uniform, lodging resistance is high, seeds make full contact with soil with fertilizer, and seed development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a dry direct seeding strip sowing method for wheat and rice based on a combined seeder. Background Art

[0002] Wheat and rice are important global food crops, and their sowing techniques directly impact yield and resource utilization efficiency. Traditional sowing typically uses a step-by-step approach, where soil preparation machinery completes the processes of tilling, crushing, and compacting the soil before sowing. Tillage and sowing must be performed in separate steps. Repeated mechanical advances result in long operation cycles and high energy consumption. Frequent soil compaction can also damage the tillage layer structure, impacting seedling emergence rates. The soil is significantly affected by soil moisture and surface flatness, leading to inconsistent sowing depths and uneven seed distribution (such as broken stalks and clustered sowing). This can lead to irrational population structure and limit yield potential.

[0003] Poor depth control during manual sowing can easily lead to shallow seeds dying of drought or deep seeds rotting due to lack of oxygen. The traditional row sowing method uses a V-shaped sowing trough, and the depth of seeds buried in the soil varies greatly (such as a fluctuation of 3-8 cm), affecting the uniformity of seedling emergence; the single rotary tillage mode leads to a shallow tillage layer (traditional depth of 10-20 cm), and straw distribution and soil compaction problems can affect seed root development; sowing reseeding rate >10% and missed sowing rate >8%, which can lead to field competition or waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of the traditional sowing method of hand sowing or tillage and mechanical sowing in steps, such as large differences in the depth of seeds buried in the soil, which affects the uniformity of seedling emergence, single rotary tillage affects the development of seed roots, and repeated sowing and missed sowing within a unit area lead to field competition. A dry direct sowing strip sowing method for wheat and rice based on a combined seeder is provided to solve the problems.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a dry direct seeding strip sowing method for wheat and rice based on a combined seeder, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Preparation before sowing, including seed screening and fertilizer matching;

[0007] S2: Layered rotary tillage and fertilization, using a front and rear double-axis rotary tillage unit to implement differentiated tillage;

[0008] S3: The mold roller rotates to accurately create the grooves. The mold roller of standard specifications is used, and the driving device and transmission assembly provide the mold roller with rotational power;

[0009] S4: Positioning precision seeding, which uses laser positioning sensors to implement strip precision seeding at the starting point of fertilization;

[0010] S5: Covering and compacting: the soil layer is leveled by the covering roller to cover the seeds, and the compacting roller compacts the soil to maintain moisture;

[0011] Among them, the method is implemented using an integrated tillage, sowing and fertilization machine, which integrates a dual-axis rotary tillage component, a furrowing roller, a sowing component, a covering roller and a pressing roller in sequence along the direction of travel. The furrowing roller, the covering roller and the pressing roller constitute a three-roller ground support system, which cooperates with a hydraulic device to form a sowing depth control mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the front axle of the rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm, and at the same time buries 70% of the base fertilizer into a 15-20 cm soil layer, and the rear axle performs shallow rotary tillage at a depth of 12-15 cm to break up and loosen the soil and level the land.

[0013] Furthermore, a wide strip sowing assembly is selected, with a row spacing of 22 to 25 cm and a seedling belt width of 5 to 8 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning accuracy of the laser positioning sensor reaches ±1.5mm, and it can achieve sub-meter collaborative positioning with the Beidou navigation system.

[0015] Furthermore, the groove is a rectangular groove body, the groove depth is 0-5 cm, and the groove width is 6-8 cm.

[0016] The advantages of the present invention are: 1. It realizes the pulverization and return of straw to the field and the activation of deep soil, promotes the root system to take root, and combines deep burial of straw with layered tillage to improve soil structure and promote sustainable farming. Rotary tillage and fertilizer mixing are synchronized to reduce nutrient loss;

[0017] 2. Dig rectangular grooves (not traditional V-shaped grooves) to ensure that the seeds fall on the same plane, resulting in uniform emergence and increased seedling vigor. The root system in the seedling stage is deep and evenly distributed, laying the foundation for lodging resistance and high yield in the later stage.

[0018] 3. It integrates dual-axis rotary tillage, furrowing, sowing, covering and pressing functions to reduce the number of operations. The pressure of the covering roller and the pressing roller is controlled in a linked manner. The covering roller rotates to fill the trench, ensuring that the soil with fertilizer wraps the wheat seeds and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the seed emergence distribution structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the mold roller of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is the seed root system distribution diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the seed distribution and emergence structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Combined with attachment Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 Based on the dry direct seeding strip sowing method of wheat and rice with the combined seeder, the parameters of the tillage, sowing and fertilization integrated machine are set: the front axle tillage depth is 25cm, the rear axle tillage depth is 13cm, the sowing row spacing is 24cm, and the seedling belt width is 7cm.

[0025] The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, selecting high-quality wheat seeds and compound base fertilizer and adding them into corresponding storage boxes respectively;

[0026] Step 2: The front axle rotates at 180 rpm for deep tillage, and at the same time, compound fertilizer is applied to the soil layer through the fertilizer dispenser; the rear axle rotates at 180 rpm for soil crushing and leveling;

[0027] It should be noted that deep rotary tillage with the front axle can break up the straw and return it to the field, activate the deep soil, and promote root development. Shallow rotary tillage with the rear axle forms a loose topsoil layer, which is conducive to seed germination. While rotary tilling, the fertilizer is mixed with the soil layer, reducing the loss of fertilizer nutrients and increasing the fertilizer utilization rate by more than 30%.

[0028] Step 3: Open the seed trench:

[0029] Adjust the trenching pressure according to the soil moisture conditions, use a standard mold roller, and provide rotational power to the mold roller through the drive device and transmission assembly to form a rectangular trench with a depth of 3 cm and a width of 7 cm;

[0030] Step 4: Precision sowing:

[0031] A laser sensor detects the sowing start position in real time and coordinates with Beidou positioning (accuracy 0.6m) for path correction. The seeder operates at a speed of 4km / h and uses an air-suction seed meter (suction hole diameter 1.8mm). The horizontal seed distribution density in the groove is 4-5 seeds / cm, ensuring that all seeds fall into the same plane at the bottom of the groove (vertical deviation ≤1mm).

[0032] Combined with attachment Figure 3 、 Figure 4 It should be noted that wide-width strip sowing combined with strip sowing forms a reasonable field layout. The design of the rectangular groove is different from the traditional V-shaped groove. The seeds are all placed on the same horizontal plane, and the seedlings emerge neatly, which improves the emergence rate and the seedling growth rate.

[0033] Step 5: Covering with soil

[0034] The pressure of the covering roller and the pressing roller is controlled in a linked manner, and the pressing strength is maintained at 300-500kPa, ensuring that the seed bed compaction reaches 1.2-1.4g / cm 3 .

[0035] The method is implemented using a tillage, sowing and fertilization all-in-one machine, which integrates a dual-axis rotary tillage assembly, a furrowing roller, a sowing assembly, a covering roller and a pressing roller in sequence along the travel direction. The furrowing roller, the covering roller and the pressing roller constitute a three-roller ground support system, which cooperates with a hydraulic device to form a sowing depth control mechanism.

[0036] It should be noted that the dual-axis rotary tillage component and the sowing component are integrated into a design that reduces the number of operations. The three-roller ground-contact system can simultaneously complete pressing, covering the soil, and furrowing. Compared with traditional sowing methods, it increases the seedling emergence rate by 15% and the seedling vigor rate by 20%.

[0037] In a specific implementation case, plain land was selected, and the previous crop was a rice field. The front axle depth was set to 25 cm (straw was deeply buried), the rear axle depth was 12 cm (soil was crushed and leveled), the row spacing was 22 cm, the seedling belt width was 7 cm, and the sowing depth was 3 cm. The front axle was used for deep rotary tillage at a speed of 200 rpm, and compound fertilizer was applied to the soil layer through the fertilizer dispenser. The rear axle was used for soil crushing and leveling at a speed of 200 rpm, and the trenching pressure was 2 MPa to form a rectangular trench with a depth of 3 cm and a width of 7 cm. The air-suction seed meter was used for sowing, and the lateral distribution density of seeds in the trench was 4-5 grains / cm. The covering roller and the pressure of the pressing roller were controlled in a linkage manner. The covering roller rotated to fill the trench to ensure that the soil with fertilizer wrapped the wheat seeds, and the pressing roller compacted the seed bed.

[0038] Through the above sowing method, the uniformity of seedling emergence reaches 91.2%, which is 18% higher than that of traditional seed drills; the root depth during the seedling stage is increased and the root depth distribution is even; the seedling rate reaches more than 90% (40% higher than manual sowing).

[0039] The present invention and its embodiments are described above. This description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to this technical solution without inventiveness, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry direct seeding strip sowing method for wheat and rice based on a combined seeder, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Preparation before sowing, including seed screening and fertilizer matching; S2: Layered rotary tillage and fertilization, using a front and rear double-axis rotary tillage unit to implement differentiated tillage; S3: The mold roller rotates to accurately create the grooves. The mold roller of standard specifications is used, and the driving device and transmission assembly provide the mold roller with rotational power; S4: Positioning precision seeding, which uses laser positioning sensors to implement strip precision seeding at the starting point of fertilization; S5: Covering and compacting: the soil layer is leveled by the covering roller to cover the seeds, and the compacting roller compacts the soil to maintain moisture; Among them, the method is implemented using an integrated tillage, sowing and fertilization machine, which integrates a dual-axis rotary tillage component, a mold roller, a sowing component, a covering roller and a pressing roller in sequence along the direction of travel. The mold roller, the covering roller and the pressing roller constitute a three-roller ground support system, which cooperates with a hydraulic device to form a sowing depth control mechanism.

2. The method for direct seeding of wheat and rice in a dry zone based on a combined seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the front axle of the rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage at a depth of 25-30 cm, and at the same time buries 70% of the base fertilizer into the 15-20 cm soil layer, and the rear axle performs shallow rotary tillage at a depth of 12-15 cm to break up and loosen the soil and level the land.

3. The method for direct seeding of wheat and rice in a dry zone based on a combined seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use wide strip sowing components with a row spacing of 22 to 25 cm and a seedling belt width of 5 to 8 cm.

4. The method for direct seeding of wheat and rice in a dry zone based on a combined seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning accuracy of the laser positioning sensor reaches ±1.5mm, and it can achieve sub-meter collaborative positioning with the Beidou navigation system.

5. The method for direct seeding of wheat and rice in a dry zone based on a combined seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove is a rectangular groove body, the groove depth is 0-5 cm, and the groove width is 6-8 cm.

6. The method for direct seeding of wheat and rice in a dry zone based on a combined seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the pressing roller adjusts the ground pressure to 30-50 kPa through the counterweight block, and the soil compaction density after compaction is 1.2-1.4 g / cm 3 , surface moisture loss rate ≤3%.

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