A cultivation method for improving the commodity quality of beans

Abstract

The application provides a cultivation method for improving commodity quality of kidney beans, and belongs to the technical field of kidney bean cultivation; the cultivation method comprises the steps of coating, sowing, flower period management and pod formation period management; the flower period management step is that when the first inflorescence is opened, kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is applied, and 32-37 kg of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is applied per mu; the preparation method of the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is that potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water are mixed, uniformly stirred, then polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite are uniformly stirred, then a chitosan solution is added, stirred for 20-30 min, sodium alginate is added, stirred for 27-35 min under the condition of 40-45 DEG C, a calcium chloride solution is added, and the mixture is stirred for 4.3-5.0 h, so that the kidney bean nutrient fertilizer is prepared; the kidney bean cultivated by the application has low incidence, high yield, high single pod weight, and high contents of protein and vitamins in the kidney bean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bean cultivation technology, specifically relating to a cultivation method for improving the marketability of beans. Background Technology

[0002] Common beans, also known as kidney beans, are an edible legume. The tender pods or seeds can be eaten fresh or processed into canned, salted, frozen, or dried forms. Native to South America, they are now widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions. In Northwest and Northeast China, they are cultivated in spring and summer, while in North China, the Yangtze River basin, and South China, they are sown in spring and autumn. Common beans are a valuable source of high potassium and magnesium, and low in sodium, making them particularly suitable for people with heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia, and those who need to restrict their salt intake. The main component of common beans is protein. It contains dietary fiber, amino acids, vitamins, and various elements such as calcium and iron. The protein content is more than seven times that of chicken. Modern medical analysis has shown that green beans also contain unique components such as saponins, urease, and various globulins, which can improve the body's own immunity, enhance disease resistance, activate T lymphocytes, and promote the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. It can promote metabolism, and the saponins in green beans can reduce fat absorption and promote fat metabolism. The dietary fiber it contains can shorten the time that food takes to pass through the intestines, thus having a good weight loss effect.

[0003] Green beans thrive in moist conditions. They have well-developed root systems, are relatively drought-tolerant but poorly tolerant of waterlogging. During the flowering and pod-setting period, they are particularly sensitive to water shortages or waterlogging. Insufficient water will affect root development, while excessive water will lead to root rot, thus affecting the yield of green beans. Furthermore, green beans are usually susceptible to various diseases and pests during their growth cycle, such as rust and bacterial blight. Long-term application of pesticides will enhance the resistance of diseases and pests, and excessive application of pesticides will also lead to pesticide residues exceeding the standards, thus affecting the safety and marketability of green beans and posing a potential threat to human health.

[0004] CN118077540A discloses a planting method for increasing the yield of kidney beans. The specific planting steps are as follows: Step 1: Selecting and breeding kidney bean seeds to obtain new varieties of kidney bean seeds adapted to the planting environment; Step 2: Selecting cultivation soil, ridging the soil, covering the ridges with mulch film, and making openings in the mulch film, and sowing the new variety of kidney bean seeds on the openings, with a sowing density of 160,000 plants per hectare; Step 3: Drip irrigation of the new variety of kidney bean seeds; Step 4: Applying fertilizer for the first time through drip irrigation when the kidney bean plants have 4-5 leaves, and applying fertilizer for the second time through drip irrigation after the kidney bean plants flower and produce pods; Step 5: Harvesting the pods of the kidney bean plants to adjust the soil moisture content around the roots of the kidney bean plants by adjusting the planting environment, thereby increasing the yield of the kidney bean plants.

[0005] This patented method uses ridge cultivation and adjusting the planting density to maintain the soil moisture content within a suitable range for kidney bean growth, thereby promoting the development of kidney bean plants. Combined with fertilization, this further promotes the development of kidney bean plants and ultimately increases the yield of kidney beans. However, this method only adjusts the planting density to reasonably control the soil moisture content, but when there is a lot of rain, root rot and waterlogging still occur, and the kidney beans cultivated under this method have poor nutritional value.

[0006] Regarding the prevention and control of diseases and pests, CN118266358A discloses a green prevention and control method, system and equipment for legume diseases and pests. It discloses that in order to solve the problem of prevention and control of major legume diseases and pests such as wilt and thrips, the inventor proposed a new prevention and control method for legume diseases and pests, including: spraying pesticides to control pests after 7 pm; shaking the plants before 8 am to make the insect flowers fall off the plants and sucking away the fallen insect flowers;

[0007] The patented "three-in-one, internal and external control" green prevention and control technology system reduces the frequency of pesticide use and is significantly more effective than traditional control methods in preventing and controlling pests and diseases. However, the control rate of this patent for pests and diseases is only about 95%, and there is still room for improvement in the control effect.

[0008] Therefore, providing a cultivation method to improve the marketability of green beans, enhance their waterlogging tolerance, prevent root rot and death during growth, reduce pesticide use while improving pest and disease control, increase yield, and ensure uniformity in size and shape and nutritional value are technical challenges that urgently need to be addressed by existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a cultivation method to improve the marketability of green beans, enhance their waterlogging resistance, prevent root rot and death during growth, reduce pesticide use while improving the control of pests and diseases, increase green bean yield, and ensure the uniformity of green bean size and shape and nutritional value.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A cultivation method for improving the marketability of green beans includes the following steps: coating, sowing, flowering management, and pod-setting management, as detailed below:

[0012] 1. Coating

[0013] Put the bean seeds into the coating machine, add the functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 90-110 rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 1.5-2.5 minutes, rotate it counterclockwise for 2.5 minutes, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the bean seeds, and let them air dry naturally to obtain coated seeds.

[0014] The mass ratio of the bean seeds to the functional pulp is 400:95-105;

[0015] The preparation method of the functional slurry is as follows: diatomaceous earth is calcined at 450-470℃ with a heating rate of 9.0-11.0℃ / min for 2.2-2.7h. After calcination, it is allowed to return to room temperature naturally, then added to deionized water and stirred evenly. KH550 silane coupling agent is added, the temperature is raised to 74-77℃, and the mixture is stirred at 210-240rpm for 2.0-3.0h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. The silane-treated diatomaceous earth and humic acid are stirred evenly, then carbendazim and sodium molybdate are added. After stirring evenly again, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, and sodium alginate are added and stirred at 200-230rpm for 27-32min. Then, calcium chloride solution is added, the temperature is raised to 40-45℃, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0016] The mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, deionized water, and kH550 silane coupling agent is 10:100-120:1.0-1.3;

[0017] The mass ratio of the silane-treated diatomaceous earth, humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 10⁻¹⁴: 8⁻¹¹: 0.08⁻⁴: 0.16⁻⁴: 10⁻¹⁴: 5.0⁻⁵.3: 1.7⁻².2: 90⁻¹¹⁰.

[0018] The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.4-0.6%.

[0019] 2. Sowing

[0020] Apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate per acre. After fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 22-27cm, harrow and level the soil, then ridge and cover with film. The ridge width should be 48-53cm, the furrow width 55-60cm, and the ridge height 5-10cm. The seeds used for sowing are coated seeds. The sowing method is to sow in holes along the ridge side, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a hole spacing of 24-28cm, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole.

[0021] The mass ratio of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate is 38-43:24-26:18-22.

[0022] 3. Flowering period management

[0023] When the first inflorescence appears, apply a top dressing of green bean fertilizer at a rate of 32-37 kg per mu.

[0024] The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite are added and stirred evenly. Then chitosan solution is added and stirred at 36-40℃ for 20-30 minutes. Then sodium alginate is added, the temperature is raised to 40-45℃ and stirred for 27-35 minutes. After stirring, calcium chloride solution is added and kept warm and stirred for 4.3-5.0 hours. After stirring, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain bean nutrient fertilizer.

[0025] The mass-to-volume ratio of the potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate, deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, montmorillonite, chitosan solution, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 8.6-9.0g:7.2-7.5g:3.0-3.4g:1.6-2.0g:75-85g:2.4-2.6g:6.0-6.5g:30-40mL:1.3-1.6g:28-32g;

[0026] The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, with a mass concentration of 1.8-2.2% for the acetic acid solution and a mass concentration of 2.7-3.2% for the chitosan solution.

[0027] The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2.8-3.2%.

[0028] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0029] Apply fertilizer 21-24 days after the first inflorescence appears. Apply chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and manganese sulfate per acre. Start harvesting after the pods mature. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, 340-360g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays.

[0030] The mass ratio of chicken manure, compound fertilizer I, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate is 294-302:7-9:3.0-3.5:2.0-2.3:0.6-0.8.

[0031] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 14-17:13-17:26-32;

[0032] The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3-3.7:0.5-0.8.

[0033] The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 8-11:9-12:14-17.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. In the cultivation method of common beans of this invention, the following steps are performed sequentially: coating, sowing, flowering management, and pod-setting management. Specifically, in the coating step, diatomaceous earth and sodium polyacrylate are used in combination. Sodium polyacrylate, as a highly absorbent resin, has excellent water absorption properties and can slowly release water for seed germination. Diatomaceous earth has a porous structure, which can absorb excess water while maintaining the aeration of the seeds and enhancing their resistance. In this invention, the diatomaceous earth is first calcined and then treated with a silane coupling agent, which can increase the porosity of the diatomaceous earth. It can improve the compatibility with organic components such as sodium polyacrylate, promote the uniformity of coating, and, combined with humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate, etc., can effectively sterilize and fix nitrogen, provide nutrients, reduce the incidence of disease during growth, and promote protein synthesis in the fruit. Gum arabic, as a binder, combined with sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution, can enhance the strength of the coating layer, form a three-dimensional network structure, promote the uniform adhesion of functional pulp to the seed surface, and can coat carbendazim in the three-dimensional network, effectively inhibiting pathogens.

[0036] During the sowing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied to promote seed germination and growth. In the flowering management steps, the combination of chitosan, montmorillonite, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution can slow down the release of nutrients and enhance the disease resistance of green beans. Combined with potassium sulfate and other components, it provides sufficient nutrition for green beans, reduces flower and pod drop during subsequent development, and increases protein content.

[0037] During the pod-setting stage, chicken manure can effectively improve soil structure and provide a relatively rich source of phosphorus and potassium for beans, promoting pod enlargement, increasing pod weight and yield per acre, providing sufficient nutrients for the plants, promoting plant growth and development, and improving the plants' resistance to adverse conditions. After harvesting, timely replenishment of nutrients to the plants is also beneficial. Glycine can promote the absorption of trace elements, delay plant senescence, increase the number of harvests, and promote the nutrient content in the fruit.

[0038] 2. Using the cultivation method of this invention, the incidence of root rot in green beans during growth is 1.0-1.4%, the incidence of rust is 1.5-2.0%, and the incidence of bacterial blight is 1.3-1.8%.

[0039] 3. Using the cultivation method of this invention, the weight of a single bean pod is 16.8-17.4g, and the yield per mu is 2597-2611kg;

[0040] 4. The cultivation method of the present invention produces a protein content of 2.0-2.3g / 100g and a vitamin C content of 16.8-17.2mg / 100g. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] 1. Coating

[0044] Add 400g of green bean seeds to a coating machine, add 105g of functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 110rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 2.5min, rotate it counterclockwise for 2.5min, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the green bean seeds, and let them air dry naturally to obtain coated seeds.

[0045] The preparation method of the functional slurry is as follows: 10g of diatomaceous earth is calcined at 470℃ with a heating rate of 11.0℃ / min for 2.7h. After calcination, it is allowed to return to room temperature naturally and then added to 120g of deionized water. After stirring evenly, 1.3g of KH550 silane coupling agent is added, the temperature is raised to 77℃, and the mixture is stirred at 240rpm for 2.0h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 14g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 11g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.12g of carbendazim and 0.20g of sodium molybdate are added. After stirring evenly, 14g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.3g of gum arabic, and 2.2g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 230rpm for 27min, and then 110g of 0.4wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is raised to 45℃ and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0046] 2. Sowing

[0047] Apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application rate to 43 kg of urea, 26 kg of potassium chloride, and 22 kg of superphosphate per acre. After fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 22-27 cm, harrow and level the soil, then create ridges and cover them with film. The ridge width should be 48-53 cm, the furrow width 55-60 cm, and the ridge height 5-10 cm. Sow coated seeds using the following method: sow along the ridge side, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a spacing of 24-28 cm between holes, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole.

[0048] 3. Flowering period management

[0049] When the first inflorescence appears, apply a top dressing of green bean fertilizer at a rate of 37 kg per acre.

[0050] The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 9.0g potassium sulfate, 7.5g calcium nitrate, 3.4g glutamic acid, 2.0g zinc sulfate and 85g deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Then, 2.6g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 6.5g montmorillonite are added and stirred evenly. Then, 40mL chitosan solution is added and stirred at 40℃ for 20min. Then, 1.6g sodium alginate is added, the temperature is raised to 45℃ and stirred for 27min. After stirring, 32g 2.8wt% calcium chloride solution is added, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 4.3h. After stirring, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain the bean nutrient fertilizer.

[0051] The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, with a mass concentration of 2.2% for the acetic acid solution and a mass concentration of 3.2% for the chitosan solution.

[0052] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0053] On the 24th day after the first inflorescence appears, apply fertilizer: 302 kg chicken manure, 9 kg compound fertilizer, 3.5 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.3 kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.8 kg manganese sulfate per mu. After the pods mature, start harvesting. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, 360 g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays.

[0054] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 17:17:32;

[0055] The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.7:0.8.

[0056] The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 11:9:17.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] 1. Coating

[0059] Add 400g of green bean seeds to a coating machine, add 95g of functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 90rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 1.5min, rotate it counterclockwise for 1.5min, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the green bean seeds, and let them air dry naturally to obtain coated seeds.

[0060] The preparation method of the functional slurry is as follows: 10g of diatomaceous earth is calcined at 450℃ with a heating rate of 9.0℃ / min for 2.2h. After calcination, it is allowed to return to room temperature naturally and then added to 100g of deionized water. After stirring evenly, 1.0g of KH550 silane coupling agent is added, the temperature is raised to 74℃, and the mixture is stirred at 210rpm for 3.0h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 10g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 8g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.08g of carbendazim and 0.16g of sodium molybdate are added. After stirring evenly, 10g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.0g of gum arabic, and 1.7g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 200rpm for 32min, and then 90g of 0.6wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is raised to 40℃ and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0061] 2. Sowing

[0062] Apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application rate to 38 kg of urea, 24 kg of potassium chloride, and 18 kg of superphosphate per acre. After fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 22-27 cm, harrow and level the soil, then create ridges and cover them with film. The ridge width should be 48-53 cm, the furrow width 55-60 cm, and the ridge height 5-10 cm. Use coated seeds and sow them in holes along the ridge side or on the film, with a spacing of 24-28 cm between holes, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole.

[0063] 3. Flowering period management

[0064] When the first inflorescence appears, apply a top dressing of green bean fertilizer at a rate of 32 kg per acre.

[0065] The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.6g potassium sulfate, 7.2g calcium nitrate, 3.0g glutamic acid, 1.6g zinc sulfate and 75g deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Then, 2.4g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 6.0g montmorillonite are added and stirred evenly. Then, 30mL chitosan solution is added and stirred at 36℃ for 30min. Then, 1.3g sodium alginate is added, the temperature is raised to 40℃ and stirred for another 35min. After stirring, 28g 3.2wt% calcium chloride solution is added and stirred for 5.0h. After stirring, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain the bean nutrient fertilizer.

[0066] The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, with a mass concentration of 1.8% for the acetic acid solution and a mass concentration of 2.7% for the chitosan solution.

[0067] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0068] On the 21st day after the first inflorescence appears, apply fertilizer: 294 kg chicken manure, 7 kg compound fertilizer, 3.0 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.0 kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.6 kg manganese sulfate per mu. Harvest after the pods mature. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, 340 g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays.

[0069] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 14:13:26;

[0070] The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3:0.5.

[0071] The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 8:12:14.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] 1. Coating

[0074] Add 400g of green bean seeds to a coating machine, add 100g of functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 100rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 2.0min, rotate it counterclockwise for 2.0min, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the green bean seeds, and let them air dry naturally to obtain coated seeds.

[0075] The preparation method of the functional slurry is as follows: 10g of diatomaceous earth is calcined at 460℃ with a heating rate of 10.0℃ / min for 2.5h. After calcination, it is allowed to return to room temperature naturally and then added to 110g of deionized water. After stirring evenly, 1.2g of KH550 silane coupling agent is added, the temperature is raised to 76℃, and the mixture is stirred at 220rpm for 2.5h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. 12g of silane-treated diatomaceous earth and 10g of humic acid are stirred evenly, and then 0.10g of carbendazim and 0.18g of sodium molybdate are added. After stirring evenly, 12g of sodium polyacrylate, 5.2g of gum arabic, and 2.0g of sodium alginate are added. The mixture is stirred at 220rpm for 30min, and then 100g of 0.5wt% calcium chloride solution is added. The temperature is raised to 42℃ and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry.

[0076] 2. Sowing

[0077] Apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application rate to 40 kg of urea, 25 kg of potassium chloride, and 20 kg of superphosphate per acre. After fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 22-27 cm, harrow and level the soil, then create ridges and cover them with film. The ridge width should be 48-53 cm, the furrow width 55-60 cm, and the ridge height 5-10 cm. Sow coated seeds using the following method: sow along the ridge side, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a spacing of 24-28 cm between holes, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole.

[0078] 3. Flowering period management

[0079] When the first inflorescence appears, apply a top dressing of green bean fertilizer at a rate of 35 kg per acre.

[0080] The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.7g potassium sulfate, 7.4g calcium nitrate, 3.1g glutamic acid, 1.8g zinc sulfate and 80g deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Then, 2.5g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 6.2g montmorillonite are added and stirred evenly. Then, 35mL chitosan solution is added and stirred at 38℃ for 25min. Then, 1.5g sodium alginate is added, the temperature is raised to 42℃ and stirred for another 30min. After stirring, 30g 3.0wt% calcium chloride solution is added, and the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 4.5h. After stirring, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain the bean nutrient fertilizer.

[0081] The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, with a mass concentration of 2.0% for the acetic acid solution and a mass concentration of 3.0% for the chitosan solution.

[0082] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0083] On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence appears, apply fertilizer: 300 kg chicken manure, 8 kg compound fertilizer, 3.3 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.1 kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.7 kg manganese sulfate per mu. Harvest after the pods mature. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, 350 g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays.

[0084] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:30;

[0085] The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.5:0.6.

[0086] The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 10:10:15.

[0087] Comparative Example 3-1

[0088] Based on Example 3, the following changes were made:

[0089] 1. Coating

[0090] Completely identical to Example 3;

[0091] 2. Sowing

[0092] Exactly the same as implementation 3;

[0093] 3. Flowering period management

[0094] The method for preparing the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.7g potassium sulfate, 7.4g calcium nitrate, 5.1g glutamic acid, and 1.8g zinc sulfate are stirred evenly to obtain the bean nutrient fertilizer.

[0095] All other operations are the same as in Example 3;

[0096] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0097] On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence appears, apply fertilizer, with 300 kg of chicken manure and 8 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. After the pods mature, start harvesting. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, with 350 g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays.

[0098] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:30;

[0099] The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water and compound fertilizer II, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water to compound fertilizer II is 1000:4.1;

[0100] The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 10:10:15.

[0101] Comparative Example 3-2

[0102] Based on Example 3, the following changes were made:

[0103] 1. Coating

[0104] The functional slurry is prepared by mixing 10g of humic acid, 0.10g of carbendazim and 0.18g of sodium molybdate evenly, then adding 12g of sodium polyacrylate and 5g of gum arabic, and stirring at 220rpm for 30min to obtain the functional slurry.

[0105] All other operations are the same as in Example 3;

[0106] 2. Sowing

[0107] Completely identical to Example 3;

[0108] 3. Flowering period management

[0109] When the first inflorescence appears, apply a top dressing of green bean fertilizer at a rate of 35 kg per acre.

[0110] The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: 8.7g potassium sulfate, 7.4g calcium nitrate and 80g deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Then, 5.2g montmorillonite is added and stirred evenly. After filtration, washing and drying, bean nutrient fertilizer is obtained.

[0111] 4. Management during the pod-setting stage

[0112] On the 22nd day after the first inflorescence opens, apply fertilizer: 300 kg chicken manure, 8 kg compound fertilizer, 3.3 kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.1 kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.7 kg manganese sulfate per mu.

[0113] The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 15:15:30.

[0114] Performance testing

[0115] In Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, 15 mu of land was selected as an experimental base, with each plot being 3 mu and marked as 1-5 groups. Then, the methods of Example 1-3, Comparative Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-2 were used to cultivate green beans. The green bean variety was Shuangqing 12, and the rest were cultivated and managed in accordance with general practices.

[0116] During the growth period of green beans, the incidence of root rot, rust, and bacterial blight was recorded. After harvesting, the weight of each pod and the yield per acre were recorded. Then, the protein content and vitamin C content of the green beans were tested. The specific statistical results are as follows:

[0117]

[0118] This invention describes a method for cultivating common beans that sequentially includes seed coating, sowing, flowering management, and pod-setting management. Specifically, in the seed coating step, a mixture of diatomaceous earth and sodium polyacrylate is used. Sodium polyacrylate, as a highly absorbent resin, possesses excellent water absorption properties and can slowly release water for seed germination. Diatomaceous earth, with its porous structure, can absorb excess water while maintaining seed aeration and enhancing stress resistance. This invention first calcines the diatomaceous earth and treats it with a silane coupling agent, which increases the porosity of the diatomaceous earth. Furthermore, it can improve compatibility with organic components such as sodium polyacrylate, promote the uniformity of coating, and, combined with components such as humic acid, carbendazim, and sodium molybdate, can effectively sterilize and fix nitrogen, provide nutrients, reduce the incidence of disease during growth, and promote protein synthesis in the fruit. As a binder, gum arabic, combined with sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution, can enhance the strength of the coating layer, form a three-dimensional network structure, promote the uniform adhesion of functional pulp to the seed surface, and can encapsulate carbendazim in the three-dimensional network, effectively inhibiting pathogens.

[0119] During the sowing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied to promote seed germination and growth. In the flowering management steps, the combination of chitosan, montmorillonite, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution can slow down the release of nutrients and enhance the disease resistance of green beans. Combined with potassium sulfate and other components, it provides sufficient nutrition for green beans, reduces flower and pod drop during subsequent development, and increases protein content.

[0120] During the pod-setting stage, chicken manure can effectively improve soil structure and provide beans with relatively rich sources of phosphorus and potassium, promoting pod enlargement, increasing pod weight and yield per acre, providing sufficient nutrients for the plants, promoting plant growth and development, and improving plant resistance. After harvest, timely replenishment of nutrients to the plants is also beneficial. Glycine can promote the absorption of trace elements, delay plant senescence, increase the number of harvests, and promote the nutrient content in the fruit.

[0121] Comparative Example 3-1 involved coating the beans seeds. During the flowering management stage, only potassium sulfate and calcium nitrate were used as fertilizer for the beans. This method failed to achieve slow nutrient release and resulted in short nutrient action time. Consequently, flower and pod drop occurred during the subsequent development of the beans. Furthermore, during the pod-setting stage, the addition of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate was omitted, and glycine was omitted from the liquid fertilizer. This led to insufficient nutrient elements in the plants, thereby reducing their disease resistance, increasing the incidence of disease, and reducing yield.

[0122] Compared with Example 3-2, which omitted diatomaceous earth and sodium alginate during the coating process, the coating layer did not have a good solidification effect and weakened seed respiration, affecting seed development. In the flowering management steps, chitosan solution and sodium alginate were also omitted, resulting in poor slow release of nutrients, which affected the plant's growth performance, weakened disease resistance, and increased the incidence of disease. During the pod-setting stage, liquid fertilizer was omitted after harvest, which failed to provide timely nutrition to the plants, leading to severe plant aging, fewer harvest batches, and reduced yield and nutrient content of the green beans.

[0123] Unless otherwise specified, all proportions mentioned in this invention are mass proportions, and all percentages are mass percentages.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the marketability of green beans, characterized in that, This includes steps such as coating, sowing, flowering management, and pod-setting management; The coating step involves feeding the bean seeds into a coating machine, adding functional slurry for coating, and obtaining coated seeds. The preparation method of the functional slurry is as follows: diatomaceous earth and humic acid are treated with silane and stirred evenly. Then, carbendazim and sodium molybdate are added and stirred evenly again. Sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic and sodium alginate are added and stirred for 27-32 minutes. Then, calcium chloride solution is added, the temperature is raised to 40-45℃ and stirred evenly to obtain the functional slurry. The mass ratio of the silane-treated diatomaceous earth, humic acid, carbendazim, sodium molybdate, sodium polyacrylate, gum arabic, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 10⁻¹⁴: 8⁻¹¹: 0.08⁻⁴: 0.16⁻⁴: 10⁻¹⁴: 5.0⁻⁵.3: 1.7⁻².2: 90⁻¹¹⁰. The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.4-0.6%; The method for preparing silane-treated diatomaceous earth is as follows: diatomaceous earth is calcined at 450-470℃ with a heating rate of 9.0-11.0℃ / min for 2.2-2.7h. After calcination, it is allowed to return to room temperature naturally, then added to deionized water and stirred evenly. KH550 silane coupling agent is then added, and the temperature is raised to 74-77℃. The mixture is then kept warm and stirred at 210-240rpm for 2.0-3.0h. After stirring, the solid is filtered out, washed, and dried to constant weight to obtain silane-treated diatomaceous earth. The mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, deionized water, and kH550 silane coupling agent is 10:100-120:1.0-1.3; The flowering period management steps are as follows: when the first inflorescence appears, apply bean nutrient fertilizer at a rate of 32-37 kg per mu. The preparation method of the bean nutrient fertilizer is as follows: potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate and deionized water are mixed and stirred evenly. Then, polyvinylpyrrolidone and montmorillonite are added and stirred evenly. Then, chitosan solution is added and stirred for 20-30 minutes. Sodium alginate is added and stirred at 40-45℃ for 27-35 minutes. Then, calcium chloride solution is added and kept warm and stirred for 4.3-5.0 hours to obtain bean nutrient fertilizer. In the preparation method of the aforementioned bean nutrient fertilizer, the mass-to-volume ratio of potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, glutamic acid, zinc sulfate, deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, montmorillonite, chitosan solution, sodium alginate, and calcium chloride solution is 8.6-9.0g:7.2-7.5g:3.0-3.4g:1.6-2.0g:75-85g:2.4-2.6g:6.0-6.5g:30-40mL:1.3-1.6g:28-32g; The chitosan solution is an acetic acid solution of chitosan, with a mass concentration of 1.8-2.2% for the acetic acid solution and a mass concentration of 2.7-3.2% for the chitosan solution. The mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2.8-3.2%; The management steps during the pod-setting period are as follows: 21-24 days after the first inflorescence opens, apply fertilizer, with chicken manure, compound fertilizer, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and manganese sulfate per mu. After the pods mature, start harvesting. Spray liquid fertilizer on the roots once every two harvests, with 340-360g per plant, for a total of 3 sprays. The mass ratio of chicken manure, compound fertilizer I, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate is 294-302:7-9:3.0-3.5:2.0-2.3:0.6-0.

8. The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 14-17:13-17:26-32; The liquid fertilizer is a mixture of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine, wherein the mass ratio of deionized water, compound fertilizer II, and glycine is 1000:3.3-3.7:0.5-0.

8. The compound fertilizer 2 is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 8-11:9-12:14-17.

2. The cultivation method for improving the marketability of green beans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating step is as follows: put the bean seeds into the coating machine, add the functional slurry, control the stirring speed of the coating machine to 90-110 rpm, rotate the coating machine clockwise for 1.5-2.5 minutes, rotate it counterclockwise for 2.5 minutes, repeat the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the coating machine 4 times, take out the bean seeds, and let them air dry naturally to obtain coated seeds; The mass ratio of the bean seeds to the functional pulp is 400:95-105.

3. The cultivation method for improving the marketability of green beans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing steps are as follows: apply fertilizer to the soil, controlling the application of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate per acre; after fertilization, deep plow to a depth of 22-27cm; harrow and level the soil; then ridge and cover with film, with a ridge width of 48-53cm, a furrow width of 55-60cm, and a ridge height of 5-10cm; the seeds used are coated seeds, and the sowing method is to sow in holes along the ridge side, on the film, in wide and narrow rows, with a hole spacing of 24-28cm, two rows per ridge, and two seeds per hole; The mass ratio of urea, potassium chloride, and superphosphate is 38-43:24-26:18-22.

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