Machining multi-shaft swing head structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining multi-shaft swing head structure which comprises a C-shaft swing seat, a B-shaft swing seat, an A-shaft swing seat and a main shaft. The main shaft is arranged in the A shaft swing seat; the C-axis swinging seat rotates around a vertical axis through a C-axis driving mechanism; the B-axis swinging seat is connected with the C-axis swinging seat through a B-axis driving mechanism and swings left and right; and the A-axis swinging seat is connected with the B-axis swinging seat through an A-axis driving mechanism and realizes front-back rotary swinging. Through cooperative movement of the three rotating shafts, the main shaft is driven to achieve accurate positioning at any angle in a three-dimensional space, and therefore machining of a complex curved surface is completed. The machining multi-shaft swing head structure is assembled on an upper six-shaft head of a CNC numerical control machine tool, is mainly used for machining parts with high complexity and high precision requirements, can be used for machining parts which are more complicated than the existing five-shaft head, and is higher in efficiency than the five-shaft head when the same parts are machined. The key technical problems of the multi-axis linkage numerical control machine tool swing head in the aspects of integration degree, motion range, motion precision, stability and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of core functional components of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular to a machined multi-axis swing head structure. Background Art

[0002] Multi-axis CNC machine tools are key equipment for machining complex curved surfaces in aerospace, precision molds, and other fields. The performance of their core moving component, the swing head, directly affects machining accuracy and efficiency. Traditional multi-axis swing heads generally have the following defects: 1. Bulky structure: The drive mechanism often adopts an external or split layout (for example, the motor and reducer are independently installed externally), resulting in a bulky overall volume, which is difficult to adapt to the installation space requirements of compact machine tool slides; 2. Limited range of motion: Mechanical interference is a prominent problem. The B-axis / A-axis swing angle is usually limited to ±30°, which cannot meet the requirements of large-angle curved surface processing. 3. Insufficient dynamic accuracy: The swing component has weak support rigidity, which easily causes offset vibration during movement. The guide rail has poor sealing, which leads to leakage of lubricating media and serious accuracy degradation during long-term operation. 4. High maintenance cost: Critical transmission components are exposed to the processing environment. Cutting fluid and metal dust intrusion accelerates component wear, requiring frequent replacement of lubricants and seals.

[0003] Although existing technologies have attempted to improve performance by optimizing local structures, they have failed to fundamentally solve the systemic problems of high integration, large swing angle, and long life collaborative design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a multi-axis oscillating head structure for machining on multi-axis CNC machine tools. Through the coordinated motion of three rotating axes, the drive spindle achieves precise positioning at any angle within three-dimensional space, thereby completing the machining of complex curved surfaces. This structure is capable of machining more complex parts than existing five-axis heads, while achieving higher efficiency when machining equivalent parts. This structure also addresses key technical challenges in multi-axis CNC machine tool oscillating heads, such as integration, range of motion, accuracy, and stability. Ultimately, this design achieves a compact, high-precision, large-swing-angle, high-rigidity, long-life, and easy-to-maintain multifunctional oscillating head solution.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A machined multi-axis pendulum head structure includes: a C-axis pendulum seat, a B-axis pendulum seat, an A-axis pendulum seat and a main shaft; the main shaft is arranged in the A-axis pendulum seat; the C-axis pendulum seat is rotated around a vertical axis by a C-axis drive mechanism; the B-axis pendulum seat is connected to the C-axis pendulum seat by a B-axis drive mechanism and is able to swing left and right; the A-axis pendulum seat is connected to the B-axis pendulum seat by an A-axis drive mechanism and is able to rotate and swing back and forth.

[0006] Furthermore, the C-axis drive mechanism includes a C-axis motor, a C-axis reducer, a C-axis brake flange and a brake disc mounted on the outside of the C-axis brake flange; the input end of the C-axis reducer is connected to the C-axis motor, and its output end is driven and connected to the C-axis pendulum seat through the C-axis brake flange; the C-axis brake flange is a step-axis structure, the upper-step flange surface of which is connected to the output end of the C-axis reducer, and the lower-step flange surface passes through the mounting flange and is connected to the C-axis pendulum seat; a sealing ring is provided between the inner surface of the mounting flange and the outer surface of the C-axis brake flange.

[0007] Furthermore, the B-axis drive mechanism includes a B-axis motor, a B-axis reducer and a gear; the input end of the C-axis reducer is connected to the C-axis motor, and the outer side of the B-axis swing seat is provided with an arc-shaped rack and an arc-shaped guide rail that are meshed with the gear, the curvature of the arc-shaped rack matches the curvature of the arc-shaped guide rail, and the inner side of the C-axis swing seat is provided with a slider that cooperates with the arc-shaped guide rail.

[0008] Furthermore, the A-axis driving mechanism includes an A-axis motor and an A-axis reducer; the input end of the A-axis reducer is connected to the A-axis motor, and the output end flange surface is drivingly connected to the A-axis swing seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the C-axis pendulum seat is an open structure, and the B-axis pendulum seat is connected to the opening structure and is swingably connected to the C-axis pendulum seat.

[0010] Furthermore, the B-axis pendulum seat is a U-shaped structure, with a avoidance structure provided at the middle position of the bottom. The A-axis pendulum seat is arranged in the avoidance structure and is rotatably connected to the B-axis pendulum seat.

[0011] Furthermore, the two outer side surfaces of the B-axis swing seat are symmetrically provided with opposite arc-shaped guide rails, and the inner side surface of the C-axis swing seat is provided with two sets of sliders; the sliders are provided with connecting grooves, and the sliders slide together with the arc-shaped guide rails through the connecting grooves, and the internal shape of the connecting grooves matches the arc-shaped guide rails.

[0012] Furthermore, the curvature of the arc-shaped rack matches the curvature of the arc-shaped guide rail.

[0013] Furthermore, a support shaft is coaxially connected to the side of the A-axis swing seat away from the A-axis reducer. The support shaft is arranged in the B-axis swing seat, and a skeleton oil seal and a cross roller bearing are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the support shaft.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This multi-axis machining head structure uses the coordinated motion of three rotational axes (C-axis, B-axis, and A-axis) to drive the spindle for precise positioning at any angle in three-dimensional space, thereby completing the machining of complex curved surfaces. When assembled on a CNC machine tool, this multi-axis head structure functions as a six-axis head. It primarily processes parts requiring high complexity and precision. It can produce more complex parts than existing five-axis heads, achieving higher efficiency when machining equivalent parts. Furthermore, the C-axis, B-axis, and A-axis pendulum bases, spindle, and their drive mechanisms are all integrated into a single head unit, which is directly mounted on the machine tool ram via a top mounting flange. This significantly reduces the overall size and volume of the head, making the machine tool more compact. This eliminates the bulk associated with traditional external drives or split structures, making it easier to install on the machine tool ram in confined spaces. The key technical difficulties of the multi-axis linkage CNC machine tool swing head in terms of integration, motion range, motion accuracy, and stability were solved, and finally a multifunctional swing head solution with compactness, high precision, large swing angle, high rigidity, long life and easy maintenance was realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The figure shows the general assembly structure diagram of the machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 2 The figure shows a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 3 The figure shows a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 4 The figure shows the assembly structure diagram of the machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 5 Shown is an exploded structural diagram of the machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 6 The figure shows the connection structure diagram of the A-axis swing seat and the A-axis drive mechanism; Figure 7 The figure shows the A-axis circular rotation structure diagram of the machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 8 The figure shows the left-right swing structure of the B-axis of the machined multi-axis swing head structure; Figure 9 The figure shows the C-axis forward and backward swing structure diagram of the machined multi-axis swing head structure.

[0016] In the figure: 1. C-axis pendulum seat; 2. B-axis pendulum seat; 3. A-axis pendulum seat; 4. Spindle; 5. C-axis drive mechanism; 6. B-axis drive mechanism; 7. A-axis drive mechanism; 10. Mounting flange; 11. Slider; 12. Opening structure; 20. Arc-shaped rack; 21. Arc-shaped guide rail; 22. Avoidance structure; 30. Support shaft; 31. Skeleton oil seal; 32. Cross roller bearing; 50. C-axis motor; 51. C-axis reducer; 52. C-axis brake flange; 53. Brake disc; 54. Sealing ring; 60. B-axis motor; 61. B-axis reducer; 62. Gear; 70. A-axis motor; 71. A-axis reducer; 110. Connecting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] See Figure 1-9 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-axis oscillating head structure for machining, comprising: a C-axis oscillating seat 1, a B-axis oscillating seat 2, an A-axis oscillating seat 3, and a spindle 4; the spindle 4 is disposed within the A-axis oscillating seat 3; the C-axis oscillating seat 1 rotates about a vertical axis via a C-axis drive mechanism 5; the B-axis oscillating seat 2 is connected to the C-axis oscillating seat 1 via a B-axis drive mechanism 6 and enables left-right oscillation; and the A-axis oscillating seat 3 is connected to the B-axis oscillating seat 2 via an A-axis drive mechanism 7 and enables forward-backward oscillation. This multi-axis oscillating head, through the coordinated motion of its three rotating axes, drives the spindle 4 to achieve precise positioning at any angle within three-dimensional space, thereby completing the machining of complex curved surfaces. The C-axis oscillating seat 1 is secured to the machine tool ram via a top mounting flange 10 and forms the foundation of the entire oscillating head unit. The integration of the C-axis oscillating seat 1, the B-axis oscillating seat 2, the A-axis oscillating seat 3, the spindle 4, and their drive mechanisms into a single oscillating head unit significantly reduces the overall size and volume of the oscillating head, making the overall machine tool structure more compact. This eliminates the bulk associated with traditional external drives or split structures, making it easy to install on machine tool rams in confined spaces. It addresses key technical challenges in integrating, moving, accurately, and stabilizing multi-axis CNC machine tool swing heads, ultimately achieving a compact, high-precision, large swing angle, high rigidity, long life, and easy-to-maintain multifunctional swing head solution.

[0019] See Figure 2-4As shown, the C-axis drive mechanism 5 includes a C-axis motor 50 mounted on the mounting flange 10, a C-axis reducer 51, a C-axis brake flange 52, and a brake disc 53 mounted on the outside of the C-axis brake flange. The brake disc 53 can be pneumatically applied to the C-axis brake flange 52 to brake the C-axis brake flange 52 according to transmission requirements. The input end of the C-axis reducer 51 is connected to the C-axis motor 10, and its output end is connected to the C-axis swing base 1 through the C-axis brake flange 52. The C-axis brake flange 52 is a stepped shaft structure, with its upper flange surface connected to the output end of the C-axis reducer 51 and its lower flange surface extending through the mounting flange 10 and then connected to the C-axis swing base 1. A sealing ring 54 is provided between the inner surface of the mounting flange 10 and the outer surface of the C-axis brake flange 52. The sealing ring 54 ensures long-term lubrication and seals the components, ensuring long-term reliability in harsh machining environments. It prevents lubricant leakage from the mating surfaces during the swinging operation and blocks the intrusion of impurities such as dust and moisture, thereby extending the lubricant replacement and component maintenance intervals.

[0020] The B-axis drive mechanism 6 includes a B-axis motor 60, a B-axis reducer 61 and a gear 62; the input end of the C-axis reducer 51 is connected to the C-axis motor 10, and the outer side of the B-axis swing seat 2 is provided with an arc-shaped rack 20 and an arc-shaped guide rail 21 that are meshed with the gear 62, and the inner side of the C-axis swing seat 1 is provided with a slider 11 that cooperates with the arc-shaped guide rail 21; the curvature of the arc-shaped rack 20 matches the curvature of the arc-shaped guide rail 21 to ensure that the gear meshing linear velocity is synchronized with the sliding velocity to avoid motion interference or jamming.

[0021] The A-axis driving mechanism 7 includes an A-axis motor 70 and an A-axis reducer 71 ; the input end of the A-axis reducer 71 is connected to the A-axis motor 70 , and the output end flange surface is drivingly connected to the A-axis swing seat 3 .

[0022] See Figure 5 As shown, the overall outline of the C-axis pendulum seat 1 is a convex structure, the top of which is a plane connected to the C-axis brake flange 52, and the bottom of the C-axis pendulum seat 1 is an open structure 12 connected to the interior to form a cavity; the inner side of the cavity is provided with a slider 11 adapted to the arc guide rail 21, and the slider 11 is provided with a connecting groove 110, which is arc-shaped and matches the arc guide rail 21. By matching the slider 11 with the arc guide rail 21, the two opposite sides of the connecting groove 110 are used to limit the C-axis pendulum seat 1 or the B-axis pendulum seat 2, thereby solving the longitudinal jump phenomenon caused by vibration, and at the same time making the B-axis pendulum seat 2 maintain horizontal swing when swinging left and right relative to the C-axis pendulum seat 1, preventing the machine tool from vibrating during the addition process and causing forward and backward swing offset or loose swing, thereby solving the technical problem of high-precision machining.

[0023] The B-axis pendulum seat 2 has a U-shaped structure, with a relief structure 22 located in the center of its bottom. The A-axis pendulum seat 3 is mounted within this relief structure 22 and is rotationally connected to the B-axis pendulum seat 2. By designing the B-axis pendulum seat 2 as a U-shaped structure with the relief structure 22 located in the center of its bottom, a mechanical interference avoidance scheme is formed, extending the swing angle range of the A-axis pendulum seat 3.

[0024] The B-axis pendulum base 2 is symmetrically provided with opposing curved guide rails 21 on its two outer sides, while the C-axis pendulum base 1 is provided with two sets of sliders 11 on its inner side. This symmetrical dual-guide rail and dual-slider layout enhances the swing stability of the B-axis pendulum base 2. Slider 11 is provided with a connecting groove 110, which slidably engages with the curved guide rail 21. The internal shape of connecting groove 110 matches the curved guide rail 21. By providing connecting groove 110 on slider 11 and slidingly engaging with the curved guide rail 21 through connecting groove 110, the connection between the B-axis pendulum base 2 and the C-axis pendulum base 1 is ensured, ensuring the left and right swing of the B-axis pendulum base 2 along the designated curved trajectory, improving left and right swing accuracy, and eliminating offset during movement.

[0025] See Figure 6 As shown, the side of the A-axis pendulum seat 3, away from the A-axis reducer 71, is coaxially connected to a support shaft 30. This support shaft 30 is housed within the B-axis pendulum seat 2. A skeleton oil seal 31 and a cross-roller bearing 32 are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the support shaft 30. By providing a connecting groove 110 on the slider 11 that matches the curved guide rail 21, the slider 11 slides with the curved guide rail 21 through the connecting groove 110, connecting the B-axis pendulum seat 2 to the C-axis pendulum seat 1 and ensuring stable swing. This ensures that the B-axis pendulum seat 2 swings left and right along the designated curved track, improves swing accuracy, and eliminates offset during movement.

[0026] The working principle of the multi-axis swing head: Figure 7 As shown, the C-axis motor 50 provides power, which is amplified by the C-axis reducer 51 and drives the C-axis pendulum 1 to rotate ±360° around its vertical axis via the C-axis brake flange 52. When the C-axis position needs to be locked, the brake disc 53 is actuated by air pressure to clamp onto the C-axis brake flange 52, achieving braking.

[0027] See also Figure 8 As shown, the B-axis motor 60 provides power, which is amplified by the B-axis reducer 61 and transmitted to gear 62. This drives gear 62 in both forward and reverse rotation, driving the meshing curved rack 20, thereby causing the entire B-axis pendulum base 2 to swing in an arc of ±20° left and right relative to the C-axis pendulum base 1. The curved guide rail 21 fixed to the outside of the B-axis pendulum base 2 cooperates with the slider 11 fixed to the inside of the C-axis pendulum base 1 to precisely guide the B-axis pendulum base 2 along the set arc trajectory.

[0028] See also Figure 9As shown, the A-axis motor provides power, amplifying the output torque through the A-axis reducer 71. This torque is then directly driven through its output flange to rotate the A-axis pendulum base 3 forward and backward ±120° relative to the B-axis pendulum base 2. The side of the A-axis pendulum base 3, facing away from the reducer, is mounted within the B-axis pendulum base 2 via a support shaft 30. A skeleton oil seal 31 and a cross roller bearing 32 are mounted on the outer side of the support shaft 30, providing high-rigidity, high-precision radial and axial support.

[0029] This machine processes multi-axis swing head structures. Through the coordinated motion of three rotating axes, it drives the spindle to achieve precise positioning at any angle in three-dimensional space, thereby completing the processing of complex curved surfaces. This machine-processed multi-axis swing head structure is assembled on a CNC machine tool and is primarily used to process parts with high complexity and high precision requirements. It can process more complex parts than existing five-axis heads and achieves higher efficiency when processing equivalent parts.

Claims

1. A machined multi-axis swing head structure, characterized in that: include: A C-axis pendulum seat (1), a B-axis pendulum seat (2), an A-axis pendulum seat (3) and a main shaft (4); the main shaft (4) is arranged in the A-axis pendulum seat (3); the C-axis pendulum seat (1) is rotated around a vertical axis by a C-axis drive mechanism (5); the B-axis pendulum seat (2) is connected to the C-axis pendulum seat (1) by a B-axis drive mechanism (6) and is able to swing left and right; the A-axis pendulum seat (3) is connected to the B-axis pendulum seat (2) by an A-axis drive mechanism (7) and is able to rotate and swing forward and backward.

2. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The C-axis drive mechanism (5) includes a C-axis motor (50) arranged on a mounting flange (10), a C-axis reducer (51), a C-axis brake flange (52) and a brake disc (53) sleeved on the outside of the C-axis brake flange; the input end of the C-axis reducer (51) is connected to the C-axis motor (10), and the output end thereof is connected to the C-axis swing seat (1) through the C-axis brake flange (52); the C-axis brake flange (52) is a step-axis structure, the upper-step flange surface of which is connected to the output end of the C-axis reducer (51), and the lower-step flange surface passes through the mounting flange (10) and is connected to the C-axis swing seat (1); a sealing ring (54) is provided between the inner side surface of the mounting flange (10) and the outer side surface of the C-axis brake flange (52).

3. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The B-axis driving mechanism (6) includes a B-axis motor (60), a B-axis reducer (61) and a gear (62); the input end of the C-axis reducer (51) is connected to the C-axis motor (10); the outer side of the B-axis swing seat (2) is provided with an arc-shaped rack (20) and an arc-shaped guide rail (21) meshing with the gear (62); the curvature of the arc-shaped rack (20) matches the curvature of the arc-shaped guide rail (21); the inner side of the C-axis swing seat (1) is provided with a slider (11) that cooperates with the arc-shaped guide rail (21).

4. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The A-axis drive mechanism (7) comprises an A-axis motor (70) and an A-axis reducer (71); the input end of the A-axis reducer (71) is connected to the A-axis motor (70), and the output end flange surface is drivingly connected to the A-axis swing seat (3).

5. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the C-axis pendulum seat (1) is an opening structure (12), and the B-axis pendulum seat (2) is connected to the opening structure (12) and is swingably connected to the C-axis pendulum seat (1).

6. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The B-axis swing seat (2) is a U-shaped structure, and a avoidance structure (22) is provided at the middle position of the bottom thereof. The A-axis swing seat (3) is arranged in the avoidance structure (22) and is rotatably connected to the B-axis swing seat (2).

7. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two outer side surfaces of the B-axis swing seat (2) are symmetrically provided with opposite arc-shaped guide rails (21), and the inner side surface of the C-axis swing seat (1) is provided with two sets of sliders (11); the sliders (11) are provided with connecting grooves (110), and the sliders (11) are slidably matched with the arc-shaped guide rails (21) through the connecting grooves (110), and the internal shape of the connecting grooves (110) matches the arc-shaped guide rails (21).

8. The machined multi-axis swing head structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support shaft (30) is coaxially connected to the side of the A-axis swing seat (3) away from the A-axis reducer (71), and the support shaft (30) is arranged in the B-axis swing seat (2). A skeleton oil seal (31) and a cross roller bearing (32) are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the support shaft (30).

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