Integral side shift device with buffer structure and fork truck

Abstract

The application relates to a forklift technical field, and discloses a whole type side shifting device with a buffer structure and a forklift, which comprises a supporting assembly, a side shifting assembly moves along the length direction of the supporting assembly, the side shifting assembly comprises hydraulic oil cylinders with left and right chambers formed inside; a pressure relief assembly forms a channel communicating the left and right chambers, the channel forms a switch piece controlling the on-off state, the left and right chambers change the opening and closing state of the switch piece, and the oil pressure difference between the left and right chambers tends to zero. The hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged to drive the forks to move to the limit position relative to the supporting assembly, the length of the left and right chambers is adjusted to control the communication state of the left and right chambers, the oil pressure difference between the left and right chambers is reduced when the forks move to the limit positions on the left and right sides, the forks have a deceleration process, the hard impact of the forks on the supporting assembly is avoided, the impact on the forks is reduced, and the stability of the forks in carrying goods is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forklift technology, and more specifically to an integral side-shifting device with a buffer structure and a forklift. Background Technology

[0002] The forklift side-shift mechanism connects to the forklift's lifting mechanism and uses hydraulic drive to move the forks laterally. This allows the operator to precisely align pallets or racks without adjusting the overall vehicle position, making it suitable for high-precision scenarios such as container warehouses and narrow aisle warehouses. Mainstream side-shift mechanisms include split-type and integrated types. Integrated side-shift mechanisms use a hydraulic drive system for lateral movement and require limiting structures to prevent them from detaching from the guide rails during movement.

[0003] Chinese patent CN220317303U discloses a side shifter and a forklift. The side shifter includes a frame and two sets of shift forks laterally translatable on the frame. Each shift fork is driven by its own drive assembly and is used to mount the forks. The upper and lower ends of each shift fork have upper and lower locking slots protruding towards the edges for securing the forks. The mounting surface of the shift fork has a first limiting block and a second limiting block on each side of the fork for left and right limiting. This side shifter achieves the lateral movement of the forks by moving the shift forks on the frame, and the first and second limiting blocks limit the lateral positions of the shift forks. However, the limiting method in this patent is a mechanical hard limiting; the shift fork stops moving after colliding with the first limiting block, which causes a significant impact on the components, affecting the connection strength between components and generating impact noise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of impact noise and reduced connection strength between components caused by mechanical hard-stop mechanisms in integrated side shifters, this invention provides an integrated side shifter and forklift with a buffer structure. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] An integral lateral displacement device with a buffer structure includes: a support assembly for supporting the movement of the lateral displacement assembly, the lateral displacement assembly moving along the length direction of the support assembly, the lateral displacement assembly including a hydraulic cylinder forming a left chamber and a right chamber inside; and a pressure relief assembly forming a channel connecting the left chamber and the right chamber, the channel forming a switch element controlling the on / off state, the resultant force of the left chamber and the right chamber on the switch element changing the opening / closing state of the switch element to form a trend of the oil pressure difference between the left chamber and the right chamber tending to zero.

[0006] Furthermore, the pressure relief assembly also includes a pressure relief hole disposed in the channel. As the pressure relief hole gradually increases, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually increases. As the pressure relief hole gradually decreases, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually decreases. When the pressure relief hole is zero, the hydraulic oil inside the channel stops flowing.

[0007] Preferably, the pressure relief assembly further includes a pressure relief seat and a pressure relief ball disposed within the channel; the interior of the pressure relief seat forms a cavity for placing the pressure relief ball, and a through hole is formed in the side wall of the pressure relief seat relative to the channel, penetrating the cavity; the gap between the pressure relief ball and the through hole is a pressure relief hole; the change in the length of the left or right chamber can control the movement state of the pressure relief ball relative to the through hole, thereby controlling the size of the gap; the maximum diameter of the pressure relief ball is Dmax, and the diameter of the through hole is D1, where Dmax > D1.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a left plunger rod and a right plunger rod respectively placed inside the left chamber and the right chamber. The diameters of the left plunger rod and the right plunger rod are the same as the inner diameters of the left chamber and the right chamber, respectively. The left plunger rod and the right plunger rod move along the inner walls of the left chamber and the right chamber, respectively. The change in the distance of the left plunger rod relative to the pressure relief assembly is proportional to the change in the length of the left chamber, and the change in the distance of the right plunger rod relative to the pressure relief assembly is proportional to the change in the length of the right chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a left ejector pin disposed at the end of the left piston rod near the pressure relief assembly, and a right ejector pin disposed at the end of the right piston rod near the pressure relief assembly; the diameters of the left and right ejector pins are both no greater than the inner diameter of the channel. When the left piston rod drives the left ejector pin to approach the pressure relief assembly to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the left chamber flows into the right chamber through the channel. When the right piston rod drives the right ejector pin to approach the pressure relief assembly to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the right chamber flows into the left chamber through the channel, thereby reducing the oil pressure difference between the left and right chambers until it is zero.

[0010] Preferably, the channel includes a left channel disposed between the left chamber and the pressure relief assembly, and a right channel disposed between the right chamber and the pressure relief assembly; the pressure relief hole includes a left pressure relief hole for controlling the opening and closing of the left channel and a right pressure relief hole for controlling the opening and closing of the right channel, and the distance between the left pressure relief hole and the right pressure relief hole is M; the length L1 of the left ejector pin and the length L2 of the left channel satisfy: 0 < L1 - L2 < M, preferably L1 - L2 = 0.5M; the length L3 of the right ejector pin and the length L4 of the right channel satisfy: 0 < L3 - L4 < M, preferably L3 - L4 = 0.5M.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a cylinder body that forms a left chamber and a right chamber, and a reversing valve that communicates with the left chamber and the right chamber respectively. The hydraulic oil in the oil tank enters the left chamber or the right chamber through the reversing valve to increase the length of the left chamber or the right chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the lateral shift assembly further includes a lateral shift fork carriage that moves along the length of the support assembly; when hydraulic oil flows into the left chamber and out of the right chamber, the right pressure relief port is closed, the pressure difference between the oil pressure in the left chamber and the right chamber gradually increases, the lateral shift fork carriage moves to the left, and the right ejector pin moves toward the right pressure relief port until the right pressure relief port is opened to connect the left and right chambers; when hydraulic oil flows into the right chamber and out of the left chamber, the left pressure relief port is closed, the pressure difference between the oil pressure in the right chamber and the left chamber gradually increases, the lateral shift fork carriage moves to the right, and the left ejector pin moves toward the left pressure relief port until the left pressure relief port is opened to connect the left and right chambers.

[0013] Preferably, the side-shift fork carriage includes an upper crossbeam for mounting forks and a lower crossbeam for sliding connection with the forks; the support assembly includes a roller frame connected to the lifting mechanism of the forklift and a lower slide groove for sliding connection with the side-shift fork carriage.

[0014] A forklift including an integral side-shifting device.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention uses a hydraulic cylinder to move the forks to their extreme positions relative to the support assembly. Then, by adjusting the lengths of the left and right chambers, the connection between them is controlled, thereby reducing the oil pressure difference between the left and right chambers when the forks move to their extreme positions on the left and right sides. This results in a deceleration process for the forks, avoiding hard impacts with the support assembly, reducing the impact on the forks, and improving the stability of the forks when handling goods. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure forming a partial cross-section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the image;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the state-structure of forming a partial cross-section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point C in the image;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a state two structure forming a partial cross-section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point D in the image;

[0023] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the three-state structure forming a partial cross-section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point E in the image;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a state four structure forming a partial cross-section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure at point F in the image;

[0027] Figure 11 for Figure 1 AA section view in the middle;

[0028] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of the structure at point G in the image;

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the fork structure;

[0030] Figure 14 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point J in the image.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Support assembly; 12. Roller frame; 13. Slide groove; 2. Side shift assembly; 21. Side shift fork carriage; 211. Upper crossbeam; 212. Lower crossbeam; 22. Hydraulic cylinder; 221. Left chamber; 222. Right chamber; 223. Cylinder body; 224. Left piston rod; 225. Right piston rod; 226. Left ejector pin; 227. Right ejector pin; 228. Directional valve; 3. Pressure relief assembly; 31. Left channel; 32. Right channel; 33. Pressure relief seat; 34. Left pressure relief hole; 35. Right pressure relief hole; 36. Pressure relief ball; 4. Forks; 41. Upper support; 42. Lower support. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is an integral lateral displacement device with a buffer structure, including: a support component 1 for supporting the movement of the lateral displacement component 2, the lateral displacement component 2 moving along the length direction of the support component 1, the lateral displacement component 2 including a hydraulic cylinder 22 forming a left chamber 221 and a right chamber 222 inside; and a pressure relief component 3, the pressure relief component 3 forming a channel connecting the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222, the channel forming a switch element for controlling the on / off state, the resultant force of the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 on the switch element changes the opening and closing state of the switch element, so as to form a trend of the oil pressure difference between the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 tending to zero.

[0036] Specifically, the length direction of the support assembly 1 is defined as the left-right direction of the lateral shift assembly 2 and the pressure relief assembly 3. Secondly, in the forklift field, the forklift includes a lifting mechanism (not shown in the figure) for lifting. The support assembly 1 is connected to the lifting mechanism. The lateral shift assembly 2 moves left and right along the length direction of the support assembly 1, and is relatively fixed to the left fork 4 and the right fork 4 (the connection structure between the paired forks 4 and the lateral shift assembly 2 is not shown in the figure, but is a commonly used structure in this field). Thus, the lateral shift assembly 2 can drive the left fork 4 and the right fork 4 to move left and right. Secondly, the hydraulic cylinder 22 includes a cylinder body 223 and a telescopic rod. The cylinder body 223 is fixedly connected to the support assembly 1. The telescopic rod drives the forks 4 to move left and right with the cylinder body 223 as a reference. The hydraulic cylinder 22 is a double-cylinder cylinder, with a left chamber 221 formed inside its left end and a right chamber 222 formed inside its right end. The middle position is fixedly connected to the pressure relief assembly 3. Secondly, in this embodiment, the forks 4 move to the left at the same time until the left limit position. The left limit position is the rightmost limit position of the support component 1 to the rightmost limit position of the lateral displacement component 2. The forks 4 move to the right at the same time until the right limit position. The right limit position is the leftmost limit position of the support component 1 to the leftmost limit position of the lateral displacement component 2. The distance between the forks 4 is fixed.

[0037] Secondly, the pressure relief assembly 3 forms a switch that can control the opening and closing of the channel. The oil pressure difference between the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 causes the resultant force applied to the switch to be directed towards the chamber with lower oil pressure, thereby driving the switch to change its opening and closing state. The oil pressure difference between the left and right chambers 222 can control the opening or closing of the switch. As hydraulic oil continuously flows into the left chamber 221, the fork 4 moves to the left simultaneously. The oil pressure in the left chamber 221 is greater than that in the right chamber 222, causing the left chamber 221 to increase in length, moving away from the pressure relief assembly 3, while the right chamber 222 decreases in length, moving closer to the pressure relief assembly 3. At this point, the switch closes, and the channel is disconnected until the right chamber 222 contacts the pressure relief assembly 3, opening the switch. This connects the left and right chambers 221 and 222, causing their oil pressures to converge. At this point, the lateral displacement assembly 2 moves the fork 4 to its left limit position. As the oil pressure converges, the speed of the fork 4 gradually decreases until it reaches zero, resulting in a deceleration process as the fork 4 reaches its left limit position. This creates a soft limit with the lateral displacement assembly 2 and the support assembly 1, reducing the impact when reaching the limit position. Meanwhile, hydraulic oil continues to flow into the right chamber. At position 222, the fork 4 moves to the right simultaneously. The oil pressure in the right chamber 222 is greater than that in the left chamber 221. The length of the right chamber 222 increases, moving away from the pressure relief assembly 3, while the length of the left chamber 221 decreases, moving closer to the pressure relief assembly 3. At this time, the switch is closed, and the channel is disconnected until the left chamber 221 contacts the pressure relief assembly 3 and opens the switch. Then, the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 are connected, and the oil pressures of the right chamber 222 and the left chamber 221 tend to be consistent until they are the same. At this time, the lateral shift assembly 2 drives the fork 4 to move to the right limit position. During the process of the oil pressure becoming consistent, the speed of the fork 4 gradually decreases until it is zero, so that there is a deceleration process when the fork 4 reaches the right limit position. Thus, the fork 4, the lateral shift assembly 2, and the support assembly 1 form a soft limit mechanism, reducing the impact when reaching the limit position, thereby reducing the impact on the goods and other structures.

[0038] Combination Figure 14 As shown, the pressure relief assembly 3 also includes a pressure relief hole disposed in the channel. When the pressure relief hole gradually increases in size, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually increases. When the pressure relief hole gradually decreases in size, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually decreases. When the pressure relief hole is zero, the hydraulic oil inside the channel stops flowing.

[0039] Specifically, the pressure relief component 3 is located in the middle of the channel, forming an adjustable pressure relief hole along the flow direction of the hydraulic oil within the channel. During the left and right flow of hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221 and right chamber 222, the size of the pressure relief hole is proportional to the maximum flow velocity that the hydraulic oil can pass through. Specifically, when the pressure relief hole increases, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the channel increases, and the volume of hydraulic oil that can flow through per unit time increases. When the oil pressure difference between the left chamber 221 and right chamber 222 is at its maximum, the hydraulic oil flows from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber, reaching its upper velocity limit. As the oil pressure difference between the left chamber 221 and right chamber 222 gradually decreases, the hydraulic oil flow velocity gradually decreases, and the velocities of both chambers tend to zero. This provides a buffering process when the forks 4 reach their left and right extreme positions, reducing the impact on the cargo.

[0040] Furthermore, the pressure relief assembly 3 also includes a pressure relief seat 33 and a pressure relief ball 36 disposed within the channel; the interior of the pressure relief seat 33 forms a cavity for placing the pressure relief ball 36, and the side wall of the pressure relief seat 33 relative to the channel forms a through hole penetrating the cavity; the gap between the pressure relief ball 36 and the through hole is a pressure relief hole; the change in the length of the left chamber 221 or the right chamber 222 can control the movement state of the pressure relief ball 36 relative to the through hole, so as to control the size of the gap; the maximum diameter of the pressure relief ball 36 is Dmax, the diameter of the through hole is D1, and Dmax > D1.

[0041] Specifically, the bottom of the pressure relief seat 33 is fixedly connected to the cylinder body 223 in the middle of the hydraulic cylinder 22, and its top forms a cavity with an open end. The side wall of the cavity forms a through hole at the position communicating with the channel. The open end of the cavity is fixedly connected to the cylinder body 223 by bolts, and the bolts limit the position of the open end. A freely rotatable pressure relief ball 36 is placed in the cavity of the pressure relief seat 33. The pressure relief ball 36 is preferably made of titanium alloy to reduce the corrosion of the hydraulic oil. The pressure relief ball 36 is inserted from the open end. The top and bottom of the pressure relief seat 33 are fixedly connected to the channel by bolts, so that the pressure relief ball 36 can only rotate and move freely within the cavity.

[0042] The surface of the pressure relief ball 36 can overlap with the inner side of the through hole to form a seal. Under external force, it can overlap and separate from the inner side of the left or right through hole, thus forming a switching element for the channel. When the oil pressure in the left chamber 221 is greater than the oil pressure in the right chamber 222, the hydraulic oil pushes the pressure relief ball 36 towards the right through hole until its surface overlaps with the inner side of the right through hole, causing the channel to disconnect. The left and right chambers 221 and 222 are disconnected, and the length of the left chamber 221 gradually increases while the length of the right chamber 222 gradually decreases until the internal components of the right chamber 222 contact the pressure relief ball 36 and apply a force to the left chamber 221, causing it to separate from the inner side of the right through hole. This opens the switching element, allowing the hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221 to gradually flow into the right chamber 222 until the oil pressures of both chambers are equal. At this point, the fork 4 reaches its left limit position. When the oil pressure in the right chamber 222 is greater than the oil pressure in the left chamber 221, the hydraulic oil pushes the pressure relief ball 36 to move towards the left through hole until its surface coincides with the inner side of the left through hole, thus disconnecting the channel. The left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 are disconnected, the length of the right chamber 222 gradually increases, and the length of the left chamber 221 gradually decreases until the internal components of the left chamber 221 contact the pressure relief ball 36 and apply a force to it towards the right chamber 222, causing it to separate from the inner side of the left through hole. This opens the switch, allowing the hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222 to gradually flow into the left chamber 221 until the oil pressures of the two chambers are the same. At this point, the fork 4 reaches the right limit position.

[0043] Secondly, when Dmax≤D1, the pressure relief ball 36 separates from the cavity from the left or right through hole, making it impossible to control the opening and closing state of the opening and closing mechanism, and thus unable to change the opening and closing state of the channel by changing the length of the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222.

[0044] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 22 also includes a left plunger rod 224 and a right plunger rod 225 respectively placed inside the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222. The diameters of the left plunger rod 224 and the right plunger rod 225 are the same as the inner diameters of the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222, respectively. The left plunger rod 224 and the right plunger rod 225 move along the inner walls of the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222, respectively. The change in the distance of the left plunger rod 224 relative to the pressure relief assembly 3 is proportional to the change in the length of the left chamber 221, and the change in the distance of the right plunger rod 225 relative to the pressure relief assembly 3 is proportional to the change in the length of the right chamber 222.

[0045] Specifically, the pressure relief ports include a left pressure relief port 34 connected to the left chamber 221 and a right pressure relief port 35 connected to the right chamber 222. Secondly, the left end of the left plunger rod 224 is a telescopic end, connected to the left fork 4. Its outer surface coincides with the inner surface of the left chamber 221 and moves relative to it along the axial direction, thereby causing the fork 4 to move along the axial direction of the left chamber 221, i.e., the length direction of the support assembly 1. Simultaneously, this creates a height-variable sealed cavity in the left chamber 221. The right end of the left plunger rod 224 is close to the left pressure relief port 34. When hydraulic oil enters the left chamber 221, the hydraulic oil pushes the left plunger rod 224 to the left, thereby causing the right plunger rod 225 to move to the left, and thus moving the fork. 4. Overall leftward movement; The right end of the right piston rod 225 is the telescopic end, which is connected to the right fork 4. Its outer surface coincides with the inner surface of the right chamber 222 and slides relative to each other along the axial direction, thereby driving the right fork 4 to move along the axial direction of the right chamber 222. At the same time, the right chamber 222 forms a sealed cavity with variable height. The left end of the right piston rod 225 is close to the right pressure relief hole 35. When hydraulic oil enters the right chamber 222, the hydraulic oil pushes the right piston rod 225 to move to the right, thereby driving the left piston rod 224 to move to the right, thereby driving the fork 4 to move to the right as a whole.

[0046] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, Figure 3 A structural diagram showing the state where the right ejector pin 227 has just moved to the left and made contact with the pressure relief ball 36. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of state two when the right piston rod 225 is moved to the leftmost position. At this time, the fork 4 as a whole reaches the leftmost limit position. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three structures, showing the state where the left ejector pin 226 has just moved to the right and just made contact with the pressure relief ball 36. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of state four, showing the left piston rod 224 moved to the rightmost position. At this time, the fork 4 as a whole reaches the rightmost limit position.

[0047] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 22 also includes a left ejector pin 226 disposed at the end of the left piston rod 224 near the pressure relief assembly 3, and a right ejector pin 227 disposed at the end of the right piston rod 225 near the pressure relief assembly 3; the diameters of the left ejector pin 226 and the right ejector pin 227 are both no larger than the inner diameter of the channel. When the left piston rod 224 drives the left ejector pin 226 to approach the pressure relief assembly 3 to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the left chamber 221 flows into the right chamber 222 through the channel. When the right piston rod 225 drives the right ejector pin 227 to approach the pressure relief assembly 3 to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the right chamber 222 flows into the left chamber 221 through the channel, thereby reducing the oil pressure difference between the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 until it is zero.

[0048] Specifically, the left end of the left ejector pin 226 is fixedly connected to the right end of the left plunger rod 224, and is coaxial with the left plunger rod 224. The diameter of its right end is smaller than the diameter of the channel and the through hole of the pressure relief seat 33. Its top end can pass through the through hole and apply a pushing force to the right along the axial direction to the pressure relief ball 36. The right end of the right ejector pin 227 is fixedly connected to the left end of the right plunger rod 225, and is coaxial with the right plunger rod 225. The diameter of its right end is smaller than the diameter of the channel and the through hole of the pressure relief seat 33. Its top end can pass through the through hole and apply a pushing force to the left along the axial direction to the pressure relief ball 36.

[0049] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the oil pressure in the left chamber 221 is greater than the oil pressure in the right chamber 222. The hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221 exerts a rightward pressure on the pressure relief ball 36, causing the pressure relief ball 36 to move to the right through-hole and close the switch. The right pressure relief hole 35 is now zero in size. Hydraulic oil continues to be injected into the left chamber 221, increasing its length, while the length of the right chamber 222 decreases. The left end of the right ejector pin 227 begins to exert a thrust on the pressure relief ball 36 to counteract the pressure exerted by the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221. The size of the right pressure relief hole 35 gradually increases, and the channel gradually opens. High-pressure hydraulic oil from chamber 221 enters right chamber 222 through the channel and right pressure relief hole 35, making the oil pressure between the two tend to be the same, causing the speed at which the fork 4 moves to the right to gradually decrease until the right piston rod 225 moves to the leftmost position of right chamber 222, minimizing the impact on the fork 4 and the cargo; when the right piston rod 225 drives the right ejector pin 227 to the leftmost position, the dimensions of the left pressure relief hole 34 and the right pressure relief hole 35 are not zero, the switch is always open, and the left chamber 221 and right chamber 222 are always connected.

[0050] Secondly, such as Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the oil pressure in the right chamber 222 is greater than that in the left chamber 221. The hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222 applies pressure to the left of the pressure relief ball 36. The pressure relief ball 36 moves to the left through hole to close the opening and closing mechanism. The size of the left pressure relief hole 34 is zero. Hydraulic oil continues to be injected into the right chamber 222, and its length gradually increases, which in turn drives the left chamber 221 to gradually move to the right, and its length gradually decreases. The right end of the left ejector pin 226 begins to apply a thrust to the pressure relief ball 36 to counteract the pressure applied by the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222. The left pressure relief hole... As the size of 34 gradually increases, the channel gradually opens, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222 enters the left chamber 221 through the channel and the left pressure relief hole 34, so that the oil pressure between the two tends to be consistent until the oil pressure difference is equal to zero. The fork 4 and the cargo are located at the right extreme position, and the impact on both is minimized. When the left piston rod 224 drives the left ejector pin 226 to move to the rightmost position, the size of the left pressure relief hole 34 and the right pressure relief hole 35 are not zero, the switch is always open, and the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 are always connected.

[0051] Furthermore, the channels include a left channel 31 disposed between the left chamber 221 and the pressure relief assembly 3, and a right channel 32 disposed between the right chamber 222 and the pressure relief assembly 3; the pressure relief holes include a left pressure relief hole 34 for controlling the opening and closing of the left channel 31 and a right pressure relief hole 35 for controlling the opening and closing of the right channel 32, and the distance between the left pressure relief hole 34 and the right pressure relief hole 35 is M; the length L1 of the left ejector pin 226 and the length L2 of the left channel 31 satisfy: 0 < L1 - L2 < M, preferably L1 - L2 = 0.5M; the length L3 of the right ejector pin 227 and the length L4 of the right channel 32 satisfy: 0 < L3 - L4 < M, preferably L3 - L4 = 0.5M.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the left end of the right ejector pin 227 just contacts the pressure relief ball 36. The dashed pressure relief ball 36 in the figure represents the leftmost pressure relief ball 36. The distance between the centers of the leftmost and rightmost pressure relief balls 36 is distance M. The distance between the left end of the right ejector pin 227 and the left side wall of the right chamber 222 is the length L4 of the right channel 32. The distance between the left end of the right ejector pin 227 and the left end of the right plunger rod 225 is the length L3 of the right ejector pin 227. When L3-L4≥M When the right ejector pin 227 moves to the leftmost position, the surface of the pressure relief ball 36 coincides with the inner side of the left through hole, the size of the left pressure relief hole 34 is zero, and the left channel 31 and the right channel 32 are closed, which does not meet the requirements. In the preferred embodiment, L3-L4=0.5M, so that when the right ejector pin 227 moves to the leftmost position, the pressure relief ball 36 is located in the middle position of the cavity, ensuring that the left pressure relief hole 34 and the right pressure relief hole 35 are the same size, increasing the maximum flow rate in the channel and reducing the buffer time of the fork 4.

[0053] like Figure 8As shown, the right end of the left ejector pin 226 just contacts the pressure relief ball 36. The dashed pressure relief ball 36 in the figure represents the rightmost pressure relief ball 36. The distance between the centers of the leftmost and rightmost pressure relief balls 36 is distance M. The distance between the right end of the left ejector pin 226 and the right side wall of the left chamber 221 is the length L2 of the left channel 31. The distance between the right end of the left ejector pin 226 and the right end of the left plunger rod 224 is the length L1 of the left ejector pin 226. When L1-L2≥M, When the left ejector pin 226 moves to the rightmost position, the surface of the pressure relief ball 36 coincides with the inner side of the through hole on the right, the size of the right pressure relief hole 35 is zero, and the left channel 31 and the right channel 32 are closed, which does not meet the production requirements. In the preferred embodiment, L1-L2=0.5M, so that when the left ejector pin 226 moves to the rightmost position, the pressure relief ball 36 is located in the middle position of the cavity, ensuring that the left pressure relief hole 34 and the right pressure relief hole 35 are the same size, increasing the maximum flow rate in the channel and reducing the buffer time of the fork 4.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 22 also includes a cylinder body 223 that forms a left chamber 221 and a right chamber 222 inside, and a reversing valve 228 that communicates with the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 respectively. The hydraulic oil in the oil tank enters the left chamber 221 or the right chamber 222 through the reversing valve 228 respectively to increase the length of the left chamber 221 or the right chamber 222.

[0055] Specifically, the left end of the cylinder body 223 forms a left chamber 221, and the right end forms a right chamber 222, which are integral. The left reversing valve 228 is connected to the left channel 31, and the right reversing valve 228 is connected to the right channel 32. The reversing valve 228 can control the flow rate and direction of the hydraulic oil. When the hydraulic oil enters the left chamber 221 through the reversing valve 228, the length of the left chamber 221 increases, and the forks 4 move to the left. In order to achieve the simultaneous movement of the forks 4 to the left, thereby moving the goods to the left, the hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222 flows out through the reversing valve 228, and the length of the right chamber 222 decreases. When the hydraulic oil enters the right chamber 222 through the reversing valve 228, the length of the right chamber 222 increases, and the forks 4 move to the right. In order to achieve the simultaneous movement of the forks 4 to the right, thereby moving the goods to the right, the hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221 flows out through the reversing valve 228, and the length of the left chamber 221 decreases.

[0056] Furthermore, the lateral shift assembly 2 also includes a lateral shift fork carriage 21 that moves along the length of the support assembly 1; when hydraulic oil flows into the left chamber 221 and out of the right chamber 222, the right pressure relief hole 35 is closed, the difference between the oil pressure in the left chamber 221 and the oil pressure in the right chamber 222 gradually increases, the lateral shift fork carriage 21 moves to the left, and the right ejector pin 227 moves toward the right pressure relief hole 35 until the right pressure relief hole 35 is opened to connect the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222; when hydraulic oil flows into the right chamber 222 and out of the left chamber 221, the left pressure relief hole 34 is closed, the difference between the oil pressure in the right chamber 222 and the oil pressure in the left chamber 221 gradually increases, the lateral shift fork carriage 21 moves to the right, and the left ejector pin 226 moves toward the left pressure relief hole 34 until the left pressure relief hole 34 is opened to connect the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222.

[0057] Specifically, the side-shifting fork carriage 21 moves along the length of the support assembly 1 via a slide rail. The cylinder body 223 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to the support assembly 1, and its bidirectional telescopic ends are respectively connected to the left and right ends of the side-shifting fork carriage 21, so that when the lengths of the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 change, the side-shifting fork carriage 21 can move relative to the support assembly 1.

[0058] Hydraulic oil flows into the left chamber 221 through the reversing valve 228, increasing its length to the left. Hydraulic oil flows out of the right chamber 222 through the reversing valve 228, decreasing its length to the left. This causes the side-shifting fork carriage 21 to move to the left relative to the support assembly 1, thereby moving the forks 4 and the cargo to the left. This continues until the right ejector pin 227 opens the right pressure relief hole 35 against the high pressure of the hydraulic oil on the left, connecting the left and right chambers 221 and 222. As a result, the hydraulic oil in the left chamber 221 enters the right chamber 222 through the channel under the pressure difference, making the oil pressure in the left and right chambers 221 and 222 the same. This causes the speed of the side-shifting fork carriage 21 to gradually decrease as it approaches its left limit position, thus preventing a hard impact between the two when the side-shifting fork carriage 21 reaches its left limit position, which would otherwise impact the cargo and the structural components.

[0059] Secondly, hydraulic oil flows into the right chamber 222 through the reversing valve 228, increasing its length to the right. Hydraulic oil flows out of the left chamber 221 through the reversing valve 228, decreasing its length to the right. This causes the side-shifting fork carriage 21 to move to the right relative to the support assembly 1, thereby moving the forks 4 and the cargo to the right until the left ejector pin 226 opens the left pressure relief hole 34 against the high pressure of the hydraulic oil on the right, connecting the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222. This allows the hydraulic oil in the right chamber 222 to enter the left chamber 221 through the channel under the pressure difference, making the oil pressure in the left chamber 221 and the right chamber 222 the same. As the side-shifting fork carriage 21 is about to reach the right limit position, its speed gradually decreases, thus avoiding a hard impact between the two when the side-shifting fork carriage 21 reaches the right limit position, which would cause impact damage to the cargo and component structure.

[0060] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the side-shift fork carriage 21 includes an upper crossbeam 211 for mounting the forks 4 and a lower crossbeam 212 for slidingly connecting with the forks 4; the support assembly 1 includes a roller frame 12 connected to the lifting mechanism of the forklift and a lower slide groove 13 for slidingly connecting with the side-shift fork carriage 21.

[0061] Specifically, the fork 4 is an L-shaped plate, which includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate. The horizontal plate is used to support the goods. The vertical plate is welded with an upper bracket 41 and a lower bracket 42 from top to bottom. The upper bracket 41 is connected to the upper crossbeam 211. The upper crossbeam 211 forms a groove or positioning hole. The upper bracket 41 has a built-in spring positioning pin. When adjusting, lifting the positioning pin allows the fork 4 to slide laterally. After releasing, the pin locks into the groove for fixation. Secondly, the lower bracket 42 is slidably connected to the lower crossbeam 212. The lower crossbeam 212 is a slide rail, and the lower bracket 42 is a slide groove. The lower crossbeam 212 limits the lower bracket 42 to prevent it from swaying in the length direction of its vertical support component 1, thereby improving the stability of the fork 4 during handling.

[0062] Secondly, the length direction of the roller frame 12 is perpendicular to the length direction of the side-shifting fork carriage 21. The roller frame 12 is connected to the mast mechanism of the forklift. The mast mechanism drives the roller frame 12 to move up and down through chain drive and guide rail drive, which in turn drives the side-shifting fork carriage 21 and forks 4 to move up and down. Secondly, the length direction of the sliding groove 13 is consistent with the length direction of the lower crossbeam 212. The top of the lower crossbeam 212 forms a protrusion as a slide rail that matches the sliding groove 13. This allows the cylinder body 223 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 to slide relative to the side-shifting fork carriage 21 during the movement of the side-shifting fork carriage 21 relative to the support assembly 1. The lower crossbeam 212 of the side-shifting fork carriage 21 slides relative to the sliding groove 13, thereby improving the stability of the lateral movement of the side-shifting fork carriage 21.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A forklift includes the integral lateral movement device of Embodiment 1. The forklift includes a lifting mechanism for lifting the support assembly 1. The lifting mechanism includes a sprocket drive for lifting the support assembly 1 and a guide rail for guiding the support assembly 1.

[0065] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0066] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. An integral lateral displacement device with a buffer structure, characterized in that, include: A support assembly (1) for supporting the movement of the lateral displacement assembly (2), the lateral displacement assembly (2) moving along the length direction of the support assembly (1), the lateral displacement assembly (2) including a hydraulic cylinder (22) internally forming a left chamber (221) and a right chamber (222); and Pressure relief assembly (3) forms a channel connecting the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222). The channel forms a switch that controls the on / off state. The resultant force of the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222) on the switch changes the opening and closing state of the switch, so as to form a trend in which the oil pressure difference between the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222) tends to zero. The pressure relief assembly (3) also includes a pressure relief hole disposed in the channel. When the pressure relief hole gradually increases, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually increases. When the pressure relief hole gradually decreases, the upper limit of the hydraulic oil flow rate inside the channel gradually decreases. When the pressure relief hole is zero, the hydraulic oil inside the channel stops flowing. The pressure relief assembly (3) also includes a pressure relief seat (33) and a pressure relief ball (36) disposed in the channel; The interior of the pressure relief seat (33) forms a cavity for placing the pressure relief ball (36). The pressure relief seat (33) forms a through hole through the cavity relative to the side wall of the channel. The gap between the pressure relief ball (36) and the through hole is the pressure relief hole. The change in the length of the left chamber (221) or the right chamber (222) can control the movement state of the pressure relief ball (36) relative to the through hole, so as to control the size of the gap. The maximum diameter of the pressure relief ball (36) is Dmax, and the diameter of the through hole is D1, where Dmax > D1; The hydraulic cylinder (22) further includes a left piston rod (224) and a right piston rod (225) respectively placed inside the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222). The hydraulic cylinder (22) also includes a left ejector pin (226) disposed at one end of the left piston rod (224) near the pressure relief assembly (3), and a right ejector pin (227) disposed at one end of the right piston rod (225) near the pressure relief assembly (3). The diameters of the left ejector pin (226) and the right ejector pin (227) are both no greater than the inner diameter of the channel. When the left plunger rod (224) drives the left ejector pin (226) to approach the pressure relief assembly (3) to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the left chamber (221) flows into the right chamber (222) through the channel. When the right plunger rod (225) drives the right ejector pin (227) to approach the pressure relief assembly (3) to open the channel, the hydraulic oil inside the right chamber (222) flows into the left chamber (221) through the channel, thereby reducing the oil pressure difference between the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222) until it is zero.

2. The integral lateral displacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the left plunger rod (224) and the right plunger rod (225) are the same as the inner diameters of the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222), respectively. The left plunger rod (224) and the right plunger rod (225) move along the inner walls of the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222), respectively. The change in distance of the left plunger rod (224) relative to the pressure relief assembly (3) is proportional to the change in length of the left chamber (221), and the change in distance of the right plunger rod (225) relative to the pressure relief assembly (3) is proportional to the change in length of the right chamber (222).

3. The integral lateral displacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channels include a left channel (31) disposed between the left chamber (221) and the pressure relief assembly (3), and a right channel (32) disposed between the right chamber (222) and the pressure relief assembly (3); The pressure relief hole includes a left pressure relief hole (34) that controls the opening and closing of the left channel (31) and a right pressure relief hole (35) that controls the opening and closing of the right channel (32). The distance between the left pressure relief hole (34) and the right pressure relief hole (35) is M. The length L1 of the left thimble (226) and the length L2 of the left channel (31) satisfy: 0 < L1 - L2 < M; The length L3 of the right ejector pin (227) and the length L4 of the right channel (32) satisfy: 0 < L3 - L4 < M.

4. The integral lateral displacement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder (22) further includes a cylinder body (223) that forms the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222) inside, and a reversing valve (228) that communicates with the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222) respectively. The hydraulic oil in the oil tank enters the left chamber (221) or the right chamber (222) through the reversing valve (228) respectively, so as to increase the axial length of the left chamber (221) or the axial length of the right chamber (222).

5. The integral lateral displacement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lateral shift assembly (2) further includes a lateral shift fork carriage (21) that moves along the length direction of the support assembly (1); When hydraulic oil flows into the left chamber (221) and hydraulic oil flows out of the right chamber (222), the right pressure relief hole (35) is closed, the difference between the oil pressure in the left chamber (221) and the oil pressure in the right chamber (222) gradually increases, the side-shifting fork carriage (21) moves to the left, and the right ejector pin (227) moves toward the right pressure relief hole (35) until the right pressure relief hole (35) is opened to connect the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222); When hydraulic oil flows into the right chamber (222) and hydraulic oil flows out of the left chamber (221), the left pressure relief hole (34) is closed, the difference between the oil pressure in the right chamber (222) and the oil pressure in the left chamber (221) gradually increases, the side-shifting fork carriage (21) moves to the right, and the left ejector pin (226) moves toward the left pressure relief hole (34) until the left pressure relief hole (34) is opened to connect the left chamber (221) and the right chamber (222).

6. The integral lateral displacement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side-shifting fork carriage (21) includes an upper crossbeam (211) for mounting the forks (4) and a lower crossbeam (212) for slidingly connecting with the forks (4); The support assembly (1) includes a roller frame (12) connected to the lifting mechanism of the forklift and a sliding groove (13) for sliding connection with the side-shifting fork carriage (21).

7. A forklift, characterized in that, Includes the integral lateral displacement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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