Accurate aeration control system and control method for improving denitrification by activated sludge process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage, and particularly relates to a precise aeration control system and method for improving activated sludge process denitrification, and the system comprises a data collection module, a data processing module, a precise control module, and a data storage module. The data collection module is connected with the data processing module; the data processing module is connected with the precise control module; the precise control module is connected with the data storage module; and the data storage module is connected with the data processing module. The control method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting data; s2, data processing; s3, precise control; and S4, data storage. According to the invention, the effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are ensured to be discharged up to the standard, the aeration rate and the carbon source dosage can be accurately controlled, the aeration energy consumption and the agent dosage of a biochemical system are effectively reduced, the power consumption cost and the agent cost of a sewage treatment plant are saved, and the denitrification capacity and the impact load resistance of the biochemical system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sewage, and in particular relates to a precise aeration control system and a control method for improving denitrification by an activated sludge process. Background Art

[0002] At present, in actual operation, the activated sludge process in domestic sewage treatment plants mainly adopts traditional manual adjustment and simple automatic control to achieve aeration control of the biochemical system. When controlling aeration, the aeration volume is often controlled according to the single parameter of dissolved oxygen (DO), thereby ignoring the dynamic requirements of the nitrification and denitrification processes, making it difficult to achieve precise control of the aeration volume. At the same time, this method is prone to excessive aeration or insufficient nitrification, which not only has high energy consumption, but also easily causes excessive nitrogen in the effluent. When the aeration volume is adjusted when the problem is found, the adjustment is delayed and the response speed is slow. When excessive aeration occurs, it leads to the need to add more carbon source in the denitrification stage due to the residual DO. Therefore, the traditional activated sludge process has extensive aeration control, resulting in large fluctuations in denitrification efficiency, high energy consumption, and difficulty in ensuring that the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the effluent meet the discharge standards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a precise aeration control system for improving denitrification by an activated sludge process, so as to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification, comprising a data collection module, a data processing module, a precise control module, and a data storage module; the data collection module is connected to the data processing module; the data processing module is connected to the precise control module; the precise control module is connected to the data storage module; and the data storage module is connected to the data processing module.

[0006] The data collection module includes a water quantity data collection module, a water quality data collection module, and an operation parameter collection module; the water quantity data collection module is used to collect water quantity data of the sewage treatment system; the water quality data collection module is used to collect water quality data of the sewage treatment system; the operation parameter collection module is used to collect operation parameter data of the sewage treatment system; the data processing module is used to calculate the theoretical aeration volume, theoretical carbon source dosage, nitrification rate, and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system based on the data collected by the data collection module; the precision control module includes an aeration control module and a carbon source dosage control module; the aeration control module and the carbon source dosage control module are used to control the aeration volume and carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system based on the data calculated by the data processing module and the data collected by the water quality data collection module; the data storage module is used to store the data controlled by the precision control module.

[0007] Furthermore, the water volume data includes water inlet flow, sludge return flow, and nitrification liquid return flow.

[0008] Furthermore, the water quality data includes inlet and outlet water ammonia nitrogen, inlet and outlet water total nitrogen, inlet and outlet water nitrate nitrogen, inlet and outlet water COD, and inlet and outlet water total phosphorus.

[0009] Furthermore, the operating parameters include biochemical system pH, DO, SV30, sludge concentration, water temperature, and aeration air volume.

[0010] The control method of the precise aeration control system comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1 Data Collection: Obtain the current sewage treatment system water volume data, water quality data, and operating parameters through the data collection module, and upload the data to the data processing module;

[0012] S2 Data Processing: The data processing module processes the collected data and calculates the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage;

[0013] S3 Precision Control: The aeration control module and carbon source dosage control module in the precision control module adjust the aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system to the theoretical values based on the calculated theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage. Then, based on the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage, the aeration volume and carbon source dosage are adjusted multiple times while ensuring that the effluent quality meets the standards. The data processing module calculates the nitrification rate and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system after each adjustment, exploring the most economical aeration volume and carbon source dosage, thereby obtaining the optimal aeration volume and optimal carbon source dosage.

[0014] S4 data storage: The data of each aeration volume and carbon source dosage control process are stored so that parameters can be adjusted in time when the operating conditions are adjusted later.

[0015] Furthermore, the theoretical aeration volume calculation formula is:

[0016] Gs=Os / (0.28×E)

[0017] Where, Gs is the theoretical aeration volume; Os is the total oxygen demand; E is the oxygen utilization rate of the aeration equipment;

[0018] The calculation formula of Os is:

[0019] Os=(O1-O2+O3-O4)×K0×k

[0020] Wherein, O1 is the oxygen demand for removing carbon-containing pollutants; O2 is the oxygen equivalent of residual sludge; O3 is the oxygen demand for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen; O4 is the oxygen recovered by denitrification; K0 is the temperature conversion coefficient, which is 2.3; k is the safety variation coefficient, which is 1.4;

[0021] The calculation formula for O1 is:

[0022] O1=0.001××Q×(B0×S0–B e ×S es )

[0023] Where, is the oxygen equivalent of carbon, which is 1.47; Q is the influent flow rate; B0 is the influent biodegradability, which is 0.4; S0 is the actual influent COD; B e is the biodegradability of the effluent, with a value of 0.3; S es To design the effluent COD;

[0024] The calculation formula for O2 is:

[0025] O2=c×ΔX v

[0026] Where c is the oxygen equivalent of bacterial cells, which is 1.42; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system;

[0027] ΔX v The calculation formula is:

[0028] ΔXv=0.001×f×Yt×Q×(S o -S es )

[0029] Where f is the ratio of the volatile suspended solids concentration to the total suspended solids concentration in the mixed liquor, which is 0.6; Yt is the total sludge yield coefficient, which is 1.0; Q is the influent flow rate; S0 is the actual influent COD; Ses To design the effluent COD;

[0030] The calculation formula for O3 is:

[0031] O3=b×[0.001×Q×(N t –N es )-0.12×ΔX v ]

[0032] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N es ΔX is the designed effluent ammonia nitrogen; v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system;

[0033] The calculation formula for O4 is:

[0034] O4=0.62×b×[0.001×Q×(N t –N tes )–0.12×ΔXv]

[0035] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system.

[0036] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the theoretical carbon source dosage is:

[0037] W=Q×[5×(N t -N tes )+15×(P t -P tes )-(S0-S es )] / C

[0038] Where, Q is the water inlet flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; P t is the actual total phosphorus in the influent; P tes is the designed effluent total phosphorus; S0 is the actual influent COD; S es is the designed effluent COD; C is the carbon source COD equivalent.

[0039] Furthermore, the nitrification rate calculation formula is:

[0040] K n =(N–N e ) / (h n ×X n )

[0041] Where K n is the nitrification rate; N is the actual influent ammonia nitrogen; N e is the actual effluent ammonia nitrogen; h n is the aerobic pool residence time; X n is the sludge concentration in the aerobic tank;

[0042] Among them, h n The calculation formula is:

[0043] h n =V n / Q

[0044] Where V n is the effective volume of the aerobic tank, and Q is the water inlet flow rate.

[0045] Furthermore, the denitrification rate calculation formula is:

[0046] K t =(N t –N te ) / (h t ×X t )

[0047] Where K t is the denitrification rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N te is the actual total nitrogen in the effluent; t is the anaerobic tank retention time; X t is the sludge concentration in the anaerobic tank;

[0048] Among them, h t The calculation formula is:

[0049] h t =V t / Q

[0050] Where Vn is the effective volume of the anaerobic tank; Q is the inlet flow rate.

[0051] Furthermore, the aeration volume adjustment method includes adjusting the number of fans running, the operating frequency of the fans, and the valve opening of the air duct; the carbon source dosing amount adjustment method includes adjusting the number of carbon source dosing pumps running and the operating frequency of the dosing pump.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0053] The present invention comprehensively considers the dynamic requirements of the nitrification and denitrification processes of the biochemical system in the activated sludge process, can achieve precise control of the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage, avoids the extensive adjustment mode of manual adjustment and simple automatic adjustment, achieves the purpose of improving the denitrification efficiency of the activated sludge process, effectively guarantees the real-time denitrification effect of the biochemical system, ensures that the effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen meet the discharge standards, and at the same time, under the premise of ensuring that the effluent ammonia nitrogen is stably discharged and meets the standards, can accurately control the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage, effectively reduce the aeration energy consumption and the dosage of the reagent of the biochemical system, save the electricity consumption cost and the reagent cost of the sewage treatment plant, and improve the denitrification capacity and shock load resistance of the biochemical system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the control system of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the use of the control system of the present invention;

[0056] The symbols and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings are:

[0057] 1-data collection module; 11-water quantity data collection module; 12-water quality data collection module; 13-operation parameter collection module;

[0058] 2-Data processing module;

[0059] 3-precision control module; 31-aeration volume control module; 32-carbon source dosage control module;

[0060] 4-Data storage module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many of the details listed in this specification are merely provided to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be practiced even without these specific details.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, a precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification includes a data collection module 1, a data processing module 2, a precise control module 3, and a data storage module 4; the data collection module 1 is connected to the data processing module 2; the data processing module 2 is connected to the precise control module 3; the precise control module 3 is connected to the data storage module 4; and the data storage module 4 is connected to the data processing module 2;

[0064] The data collection module 1 includes a water quantity data collection module 11, a water quality data collection module 12, and an operating parameter collection module 13; the water quantity data collection module 11 is used to collect water quantity data of the sewage treatment system; the water quality data collection module 12 is used to collect water quality data of the sewage treatment system; the operating parameter collection module 13 is used to collect operating parameter data of the sewage treatment system; the data processing module 2 is used to calculate the theoretical aeration volume, theoretical carbon source dosage, nitrification rate, and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system based on the data collected by the data collection module 1; the precise control module 3 includes an aeration control module and a carbon source dosage control module 32; the aeration control module and the carbon source dosage control module 32 are used to control the aeration volume and carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system based on the data calculated by the data processing module 2 and the data collected by the water quality data collection module 12; the data storage module 4 is used to store the data controlled by the precise control module 3.

[0065] The water volume data include water inlet flow, sludge return flow, and nitrification liquid return flow, all of which are detected by electromagnetic flowmeters.

[0066] The water quality data includes inlet and outlet ammonia nitrogen, inlet and outlet total nitrogen, inlet and outlet nitrate nitrogen, inlet and outlet COD, and inlet and outlet total phosphorus, which are detected by an ammonia nitrogen online detector, a total nitrogen online detector, a nitrate nitrogen online detector, a COD online detector, and a total phosphorus online detector respectively.

[0067] The operating parameters include biochemical system pH, DO, SV30, sludge concentration, water temperature, and aeration air volume, which are detected by a pH online detector, a DO online detector, an SV30 online detector, a sludge concentration online detector, a temperature online detector, and an aeration flow meter respectively.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the control method of the precise aeration control system includes the following steps:

[0069] S1 Data Collection: Obtain the current sewage treatment system water volume data, water quality data, and operating parameters through the data collection module 1, and upload the data to the data processing module 2;

[0070] S2 Data processing: Data processing module 2 removes outliers and processes the data collected by data collection module 1 to calculate the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage;

[0071] S3 Theoretical aeration volume and carbon source dosage control: The aeration control module and carbon source dosage control module 32 in the precision control module 3 adjust the aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system to the theoretical values according to the calculated theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage;

[0072] Among them, as for the aeration volume, the aeration volume control module 31 of the precise control module 3 adjusts the aeration volume to the theoretical aeration volume by adjusting the number of fans in the sewage treatment system, the operating frequency of the fans, or the valve opening of the air duct according to the calculated theoretical aeration volume; when controlling the valve opening of the air duct, the aeration of the aerobic pool is divided into sections, and automatic control valves are used in the air duct, and different valve openings are used in different sections to achieve air volume control; among them, in the front section, due to the high concentration of pollutants, high-intensity aeration is required to meet the nitrification process, and in the back section, since the concentration of pollutants has been reduced, the aeration volume can be appropriately reduced, and only moderate aeration needs to be maintained to prevent excessive oxidation;

[0073] For the theoretical carbon source dosage, the carbon source dosage control module 32 of the precise control module 3 adjusts the carbon source dosage to the theoretical carbon source dosage by adjusting the number of carbon source dosing pumps or the operating frequency of the dosing pumps in the sewage treatment system according to the calculated theoretical carbon source dosage;

[0074] Then, the precise control module 3 adjusts the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage based on the theoretical aeration volume and the theoretical carbon source dosage until the effluent water quality meets the standard. Then, on the premise of ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard, the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage are further adjusted. After the adjustment, the nitrification rate and the denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system are calculated through the data processing module 2, and the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage are further adjusted according to the nitrification rate and the denitrification rate. When the aeration volume is adjusted, the DO of the aerobic tank needs to be controlled at 2.0-5.0 mg / L. Finally, the minimum aeration volume and the minimum carbon source dosage are obtained while ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard, thereby obtaining the optimal aeration volume and the optimal carbon source dosage;

[0075] S4 data storage: The data storage module 4 stores the data of each aeration volume and carbon source dosage control process. When the operating conditions of the sewage treatment system, such as the system influent concentration, influent flow, and water temperature, change, the operating parameters can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the historical operating data. The optimal aeration volume and optimal carbon source dosage in the historical data can be directly and accurately controlled, which can reduce the process of repeated adjustments based on the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage.

[0076] The theoretical aeration volume calculation formula is:

[0077] Gs=Os / (0.28×E)

[0078] Where, Gs is the theoretical aeration volume; Os is the total oxygen demand; E is the oxygen utilization rate of the aeration equipment;

[0079] The calculation formula of Os is:

[0080] Os=(O1-O2+O3-O4)×K0×k

[0081] Wherein, O1 is the oxygen demand for removing carbon-containing pollutants; O2 is the oxygen equivalent of residual sludge; O3 is the oxygen demand for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen; O4 is the oxygen recovered by denitrification; K0 is the temperature conversion coefficient, which is 2.3; k is the safety variation coefficient, which is 1.4;

[0082] The calculation formula for O1 is:

[0083] O1=0.001××Q×(B0×S0–B e ×S es )

[0084] Where, is the oxygen equivalent of carbon, which is 1.47; Q is the influent flow rate; B0 is the influent biodegradability, which is 0.4; S0 is the actual influent COD; B e is the biodegradability of the effluent, with a value of 0.3; S es To design the effluent COD;

[0085] The calculation formula for O2 is:

[0086] O2=c×ΔX v

[0087] Where c is the oxygen equivalent of bacterial cells, which is 1.42; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system;

[0088] ΔX v The calculation formula is:

[0089] ΔXv=0.001×f×Yt×Q×(S o -S es )

[0090] Where f is the ratio of the volatile suspended solids concentration to the total suspended solids concentration in the mixed liquor, which is 0.6; Yt is the total sludge yield coefficient, which is 1.0; Q is the influent flow rate; S0 is the actual influent COD; S es To design the effluent COD;

[0091] The calculation formula for O3 is:

[0092] O3=b×[0.001×Q×(N t –N es )-0.12×ΔX v ]

[0093] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N es ΔX is the designed effluent ammonia nitrogen; v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system;

[0094] The calculation formula for O4 is:

[0095] O4=0.62×b×[0.001×Q×(N t –N tes )–0.12×ΔXv]

[0096] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system.

[0097] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the theoretical carbon source dosage is:

[0098] W=Q×[5×(N t -N tes )+15×(P t -P tes )-(S0-S es )] / C

[0099] Where, Q is the water inlet flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; P t is the actual total phosphorus in the influent; P tes is the designed effluent total phosphorus; S0 is the actual influent COD; S es is the designed effluent COD; C is the carbon source COD equivalent.

[0100] The nitrification rate calculation formula is:

[0101] K n =(N–N e ) / (h n ×X n )

[0102] Where K n is the nitrification rate; N is the actual influent ammonia nitrogen; N e is the actual effluent ammonia nitrogen; h n is the aerobic pool residence time; X n is the sludge concentration in the aerobic tank;

[0103] Among them, h n The calculation formula is:

[0104] h n =V n / Q

[0105] Where V n is the effective volume of the aerobic tank, and Q is the water inlet flow rate.

[0106] The denitrification rate calculation formula is:

[0107] K t =(N t –N te ) / (h t ×X t )

[0108] Where K t is the denitrification rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N te is the actual total nitrogen in the effluent; t is the anaerobic tank retention time; X t is the sludge concentration in the anaerobic tank;

[0109] Among them, h t The calculation formula is:

[0110] h t =V t / Q

[0111] Where Vn is the effective volume of the anaerobic tank; Q is the inlet flow rate.

[0112] Sewage treatment experiment

[0113] A large domestic sewage treatment plant with a daily processing capacity of 30,000 tons / day adopts improved 2 O process, the influent COD is between 160-380mg / L, the influent ammonia nitrogen is between 23-40mg / L, the influent total nitrogen is between 32-50mg / L, the influent total phosphorus is between 2.5-4.5mg / L, and the effluent complies with the first-level standard of the "Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002). The total effective pool capacity of the on-site anaerobic tank and anoxic tank (pool) is 11040m 3 , aerobic pool (O pool) effective pool capacity 13095m 3 ; There are 3 fans on site, each with a rated air volume of 80m 3 / min, and under normal circumstances the operation mode is two-in-one; sodium acetate liquid is used as the carbon source on site, the concentration of sodium acetate liquid is 30%, and the COD equivalent of sodium acetate is 0.78kgCOD / kg sodium acetate.

[0114] The system and method of Example 1 are used to control the aeration rate and the theoretical carbon source dosage.

[0115] S1: Obtain the current sewage treatment system water volume data, water quality data, and operating parameters through the data collection module 1;

[0116] S2 Data processing: Data processing module 2 removes outliers and processes the data collected by data collection module 1 to calculate the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage;

[0117] The indicators and theoretical values of S1 are shown in Table 1;

[0118] Table 1 Sewage plant system indicators and theoretical value data

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] S3 Precision Control: The aeration control module 31 and the carbon source dosage control module 32 in the precision control module 3 adjust the aeration volume and the theoretical carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system to the theoretical value according to the calculated theoretical aeration volume and the theoretical carbon source dosage; then, based on the theoretical aeration volume and the theoretical carbon source dosage, the aeration volume and the carbon source dosage are adjusted on the premise of ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard, and the adjustment range is controlled between 1-8% of the theoretical value. After the adjustment, the nitrification rate and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system are calculated, and further adjustments are made. After multiple rounds of adjustments, the most economical aeration volume and carbon source dosage are explored, thereby obtaining the optimal aeration volume and the optimal carbon source dosage. Finally, the optimal aeration volume of the system is obtained to be 116.60m 3 / min, the optimal carbon source dosage is 91.53L / h, thus completing a cycle of precise aeration control.

[0122] S4 data storage: After each precise aeration control is completed, the data of the control process is stored through the data storage module 4. In the later operation process, when the water quality, water volume and operating parameters change, the historical optimal aeration volume and the historical optimal carbon source dosage can be directly and accurately controlled based on the stored data of the previous precise aeration control, and then fine-tuned. This can reduce the time of the adjustment process and solve the problems of extensive adjustment and lag.

[0123] After the adjustment of this system, the effluent of the plant has stably reached the first-level standard of the "Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002), the blower power consumption has been saved by 21.5%, and the carbon source dosage has been reduced by 34.1%, achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction, reducing the carbon source dosage and reducing operating costs.

[0124] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification, characterized by: It includes a data collection module, a data processing module, a precision control module, and a data storage module; the data collection module is connected to the data processing module; the data processing module is connected to the precision control module; the precision control module is connected to the data storage module; the data storage module is connected to the data processing module; The data collection module includes a water quantity data collection module, a water quality data collection module, and an operation parameter collection module; the water quantity data collection module is used to collect water quantity data of the sewage treatment system; the water quality data collection module is used to collect water quality data of the sewage treatment system; the operation parameter collection module is used to collect operation parameter data of the sewage treatment system; the data processing module is used to calculate the theoretical aeration volume, theoretical carbon source dosage, nitrification rate, and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system based on the data collected by the data collection module; the precision control module includes an aeration control module and a carbon source dosage control module; the aeration control module and the carbon source dosage control module are used to control the aeration volume and carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system based on the data calculated by the data processing module and the data collected by the water quality data collection module; the data storage module is used to store the data controlled by the precision control module.

2. The precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water volume data include water inlet flow, sludge return flow, and nitrification liquid return flow.

3. The precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality data include inlet and outlet water ammonia nitrogen, inlet and outlet water total nitrogen, inlet and outlet water nitrate nitrogen, inlet and outlet water COD, and inlet and outlet water total phosphorus.

4. The precise aeration control system for improving activated sludge denitrification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating parameters include biochemical system pH, DO, SV30, sludge concentration, water temperature, and aeration air volume.

5. The control method of the precise aeration control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 Data Collection: Obtain the current sewage treatment system water volume data, water quality data, and operating parameters through the data collection module, and upload the data to the data processing module; S2 Data Processing: The data processing module removes outliers and processes the data collected by the data collection module to calculate the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage; S3 Precision Control: The aeration control module and carbon source dosage control module in the precision control module adjust the aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage of the sewage treatment system to the theoretical values according to the calculated theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage; then, based on the theoretical aeration volume and theoretical carbon source dosage, the aeration volume and carbon source dosage are adjusted until the effluent water quality meets the standard. Then, under the premise of ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard, the aeration volume and carbon source dosage are further adjusted. After the adjustment, the nitrification rate and denitrification rate of the sewage treatment system are calculated through the data processing module, and the aeration volume and carbon source dosage are further adjusted according to the nitrification rate and denitrification rate. Finally, the minimum aeration volume and the minimum carbon source dosage are obtained while ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard, thereby obtaining the optimal aeration volume and the optimal carbon source dosage; S4 data storage: The data of each aeration volume and carbon source dosage control process are stored so that parameters can be adjusted in time when the operating conditions are adjusted later.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The theoretical aeration volume calculation formula is: Gs=Os / (0.28×E) Where, Gs is the theoretical aeration volume; Os is the total oxygen demand; E is the oxygen utilization rate of the aeration equipment; The calculation formula of Os is: Os=(O1-O2+O3-O4)×K0×k Wherein, O1 is the oxygen demand for removing carbon-containing pollutants; O2 is the oxygen equivalent of residual sludge; O3 is the oxygen demand for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen; O4 is the oxygen recovered by denitrification; K0 is the temperature conversion coefficient, which is 2.3; k is the safety variation coefficient, which is 1.4; The calculation formula for O1 is: O1=0.001××Q×(B0×S0–B e ×S es ) Where, is the oxygen equivalent of carbon, which is 1.47; Q is the influent flow rate; B0 is the influent biodegradability, which is 0.4; S0 is the actual influent COD; B e is the biodegradability of the effluent, with a value of 0.3; S es To design the effluent COD; The calculation formula for O2 is: O2=c×ΔX v Where c is the oxygen equivalent of bacterial cells, which is 1.42; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system; ΔX v The calculation formula is: ΔXv=0.001×f×Yt×Q×(S o -S es ) Where f is the ratio of the volatile suspended solids concentration to the total suspended solids concentration in the mixed liquor, which is 0.6; Yt is the total sludge yield coefficient, which is 1.0; Q is the influent flow rate; S0 is the actual influent COD; S es To design the effluent COD; The calculation formula for O3 is: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">O3 = b×[0.001×Q×(N<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> t <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> -N<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> es <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> )-0.12×ΔX<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> v <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N es ΔX is the designed effluent ammonia nitrogen; v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system; The calculation formula for O4 is: O4=0.62×b×[0.001×Q×(N t –N tes )–0.12×ΔXv] Where b is the oxygen demand for oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which is 4.57; Q is the influent flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; ΔX v To discharge the amount of microorganisms from the biological reactor system.

7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the theoretical carbon source dosage is: W=Q×[5×(N t -N tes )+15×(P t -P tes )-(S0-S es )] / C Where, Q is the water inlet flow rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N tes is the designed effluent total nitrogen; P t is the actual total phosphorus in the influent; P tes is the designed effluent total phosphorus; S0 is the actual influent COD; S es is the designed effluent COD; C is the carbon source COD equivalent.

8. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nitrification rate calculation formula is: K n =(N–N e ) / (h n ×X n ) Where K n is the nitrification rate; N is the actual influent ammonia nitrogen; N e is the actual effluent ammonia nitrogen; h n is the aerobic pool residence time; X n is the sludge concentration in the aerobic tank; Among them, h n The calculation formula is: h n =V n / Q Where V n is the effective volume of the aerobic tank, and Q is the water inlet flow rate.

9. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The denitrification rate calculation formula is: K t =(N t –N te ) / (h t ×X t ) Where K t is the denitrification rate; N t is the actual total nitrogen in the influent; N te is the actual total nitrogen in the effluent; t is the anaerobic tank retention time; X t is the sludge concentration in the anaerobic tank; Among them, h t The calculation formula is: h t =V t / Q Where Vn is the effective volume of the anaerobic tank; Q is the inlet flow rate.

10. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The aeration volume adjustment method includes adjusting the number of fans in operation, the operating frequency of the fans, and the valve opening of the air duct; the carbon source dosing volume adjustment method includes adjusting the number of carbon source dosing pumps in operation and the operating frequency of the dosing pump.

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