Combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention provides a combustion chamber which belongs to the technical field of aero-engines and comprises a flame tube head, a flame tube outer ring, a flame tube inner ring and a fuel nozzle, a sliding sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the flame tube head, and a swirler assembly is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the end, close to a flame tube, of the fuel nozzle. The sliding sleeve is installed on the outer surface of the swirler assembly in a sliding mode. A first swirler and a second swirler are arranged on the swirler assembly, an air inlet groove is formed in the sliding sleeve, and the air inlet groove is communicated with or disconnected from the second swirler. The sliding sleeve slides on the swirler assembly, so that only the first swirler can intake air when the combustion chamber flame tube is in a small state; in the large state, the air inlet groove in the sliding sleeve communicates with the second swirler, simultaneous air inlet of the first swirler and the second swirler is achieved, and therefore the contradiction between smoking in the large state and low-speed lean oil flameout in the small state in a high-oil-gas-ratio combustion chamber is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation engines, and in particular relates to a combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] The development of the next generation of aviation gas turbine combustion chambers has become very clear. In terms of civil aviation engine combustion chambers, they are low-pollution combustion chambers, and in terms of military aviation engine combustion chambers, they are high oil-gas ratio combustion chambers.

[0003] Conventional combustion chamber technology for designing a high fuel-gas ratio combustion chamber fails to resolve the conflict between smoke generation at high speeds and lean flameout at idle. Using zoned combustion chamber technology for designing a high fuel-gas ratio combustion chamber results in a complex structure, heavy weight, and high cost.

[0004] The combustion chamber of the prior art solution has the following two defects:

[0005] 1) Using conventional combustion chamber technology to design a high fuel-gas ratio combustion chamber cannot solve the contradiction between smoke in the high fuel-gas ratio combustion chamber and lean flameout at idle speed;

[0006] 2) The high oil-gas ratio combustion chamber is designed using partitioned combustion chamber technology, which has a complex structure, is heavy and has high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a combustion chamber comprising a flame tube head, a flame tube outer ring, a flame tube inner ring, and a fuel nozzle, wherein the flame tube head, the flame tube outer ring, and the flame tube inner ring form a flame tube; a sliding sleeve is provided on the outer side of the flame tube head; a swirler assembly is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the fuel nozzle near one end of the flame tube; the sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the swirler assembly; and the fuel nozzle is in communication with the interior of the flame tube;

[0008] The vortex finder assembly is provided with a first vortex finder and a second vortex finder, and the sliding sleeve is provided with an air inlet groove, which is connected to or disconnected from the second vortex finder.

[0009] Furthermore, a first sealing section is provided on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly, the first sealing section is located on the side of the second vortex finder away from the first vortex finder, the first sealing section is slidably connected to the inner surface of the sliding sleeve, and the width of the first sealing section is greater than the width of the air inlet groove.

[0010] Furthermore, a second vortex finder channel is provided inside the vortex finder assembly, and the second vortex finder channel is communicated with the second vortex finder.

[0011] Furthermore, the combustion chamber also includes a spring, which is installed between the flame tube head and the swirler assembly, and one end of the spring is in conflict with the flame tube head, and the other end is in conflict with the swirler assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, a spring retaining groove is provided at one end of the vortex finder assembly away from the fuel nozzle, and a spring is installed in the spring retaining groove.

[0013] Furthermore, a second sealing section is provided on the inner surface of the sliding sleeve. The second sealing section is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly, and the width of the second sealing section is greater than the width of the second vortex finder.

[0014] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve also includes a welding seat, which is located on a side of the air inlet groove away from the second sealing section, and the welding seat is fixedly connected to the flame tube head.

[0015] Furthermore, a connecting column is provided in the air inlet groove, and the second sealing section and the welding seat are connected via the connecting column.

[0016] Furthermore, the combustion chamber further comprises an elastic circlip, which is installed in an elastic circlip groove provided on the inner surface of the sliding sleeve, and the elastic circlip is located on a side of the vortex finder assembly close to the fuel nozzle.

[0017] Furthermore, the combustion chamber also includes a casing, which is fixedly connected to the fuel nozzle and is located outside the outer ring of the flame tube.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] 1. Based on a conventional combustion chamber, the present invention designs a swirler assembly and a sliding sleeve. The swirler assembly includes a first swirler and a second swirler. The swirler slides inside the sliding sleeve, so that in the combustion chamber flame tube, only the first swirler takes in air in the low state. In the high state, the air intake groove on the sliding sleeve communicates with the second swirler, so that the first and second swirlers take in air simultaneously, thereby resolving the contradiction between smoke in the high state and fuel-poor flameout during slow operation in the low state in a high fuel-gas ratio combustion chamber.

[0020] 2. The present invention realizes the operation of different numbers of vortex finders by arranging a vortex finder assembly and a sliding sleeve. Compared with the high oil-gas ratio combustion chamber structure designed by the partitioned combustion chamber technology, the present invention has a simpler structure, lighter weight and lower cost.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic diagram of a combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram shows a state in which the air inlet groove of the combustion chamber and the second vortex finder are disconnected in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a state in which the air inlet groove of the combustion chamber is connected to the second vortex finder in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a swirler assembly of a combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a sliding sleeve of a combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] Figure 6 Shown Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross section at AA in the middle.

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an elastic retaining ring of a combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0030] In the figure, 1, vortex finder assembly; 11, first vortex finder; 12, second vortex finder; 13, first sealing section; 14, spring retaining groove; 15, second vortex finder channel; 16, nozzle mounting port;

[0031] 2. Sliding sleeve; 21. Circlip groove; 22. Second sealing section; 23. Connecting column; 24. Air inlet groove; 25. Welding seat;

[0032] 3. Elastic retaining ring; 31. Round hole;

[0033] 4. Flame tube head; 5. Spring; 6. Flame tube outer ring; 7. Flame tube inner ring; 8. Casing; 9. Fuel nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 , a combustion chamber, comprising a flame tube head 4, a flame tube outer ring 6, a flame tube inner ring 7 and a fuel nozzle 9, wherein the flame tube head 4, the flame tube outer ring 6 and the flame tube inner ring 7 form a flame tube; a sliding sleeve 2 is provided on the outside of the flame tube head 4 (that is, the sliding sleeve 2 is welded to the flame tube head 4), and a vortex finder assembly 1 is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the fuel nozzle 9 near one end of the flame tube, that is, the fuel nozzle 9 is slidably mounted in the nozzle mounting port 16 of the vortex finder assembly 1; the sliding sleeve 2 is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly 1, and the fuel nozzle 9 is connected to the inside of the flame tube; a first vortex finder 11 and a second vortex finder 12 are provided on the vortex finder assembly 1, and an air inlet groove 24 is provided on the sliding sleeve 2, and the air inlet groove 24 is connected or disconnected with the second vortex finder 12. Specifically, the first vortex finder 11 is responsible for taking in air in a small state and providing air to the combustion chamber to ignite the flameout. The second vortex finder 12 gradually opens as the pressure in the combustion chamber increases. The second vortex finder 12 works with the first vortex finder 11 in a large state to provide sufficient air to prevent smoke from appearing in the combustion chamber.

[0036] Based on a conventional combustion chamber, the present invention designs a vortex finder assembly 1 and a sliding sleeve 2. The vortex finder assembly 1 includes a first vortex finder 11 and a second vortex finder 12. The first vortex finder 11 is an axial vortex finder, and the second vortex finder 12 is a radial vortex finder. By sliding the vortex finder assembly 1 on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 2, the combustion chamber flame tube only has the first vortex finder 11 intake air in a small state, and the first vortex finder 11 and the second vortex finder 12 intake air simultaneously in a large state, thereby resolving the contradiction between smoke in a high oil-gas ratio (large state) combustion chamber and slow engine lean flameout in a small state. That is, when the spring 5 pressure is less than the design point, only the first vortex finder 11 works, and less air enters the flame tube. When the pressure is greater than the design point, the second vortex finder 12 gradually opens, and the air entering the flame tube slowly increases.

[0037] The present invention designs a vortex finder assembly 1 and a sliding sleeve 2 on the basis of a conventional combustion chamber to perform air intake regulation, thereby solving the contradiction between smoke in a high oil-gas ratio combustion chamber under high conditions and fuel-poor flameout at slow speed that cannot be solved by a conventional combustion chamber; compared with the high oil-gas ratio combustion chamber structure designed by the partitioned combustion chamber technology, the present invention has a simpler structure, lighter weight and lower cost.

[0038] refer to Figure 4 The outer surface of the vortex finder assembly 1 is provided with a first sealing section 13, which is located on the side of the second vortex finder 12 away from the first vortex finder 11. The first sealing section 13 is slidably connected to the inner surface of the sliding sleeve 2, and the width of the first sealing section 13 is greater than the width of the air inlet groove 24.

[0039] Specifically, when the first sealing section 13 is in the small state (see Figure 2 ), the first sealing section 13 seals the air inlet groove 24 on the sliding sleeve 2 to prevent air from entering the flame tube through the air inlet groove 24.

[0040] Furthermore, a second vortex finder channel 15 is provided inside the vortex finder assembly 1, and the second vortex finder channel 15 is connected to the second vortex finder 12. Specifically, the direction of the outlet of the second vortex finder channel 15 is the same as that of the outlet of the first vortex finder 11, that is, away from the flame tube head 4.

[0041] refer to Figure 2 The combustion chamber further includes a spring 5, which is mounted between the flame tube head 4 and the vortex finder assembly 1, with one end of the spring 5 contacting the flame tube head 4 and the other end contacting the vortex finder assembly 1. Specifically, the spring 5 is a cylindrical coil spring. Both ends of the spring 5 are tightly ground to ensure that the upper and lower end surfaces of the spring 5 meet the perpendicularity requirements with respect to the centerline of the spring 5. The spring 5 is designed based on the opening pressure design requirements of the second vortex finder 12.

[0042] Furthermore, a spring retaining groove 14 is provided at one end of the vortex finder assembly 1 away from the fuel nozzle 9, and a spring 5 is installed in the spring retaining groove 14. Specifically, the spring retaining groove 14 is mainly responsible for providing a space for installing the spring 5.

[0043] refer to Figure 5 The inner surface of the sliding sleeve 2 is provided with a second sealing section 22, which is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly 1. The width of the second sealing section 22 is greater than the width of the second vortex finder 12. Specifically, the second sealing section 22 is responsible for the small state (see Figure 2 ) Seal the second vortex finder 12 to prevent air from entering the flame tube from the second vortex finder 12.

[0044] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve 2 includes a welding seat 25, which is located on the side of the air inlet groove 24 away from the second sealing section 22. The welding seat 25 is fixedly connected to the flame tube head 4. Specifically, in the large state (see Figure 3), air enters the second vortex finder 12 through the air inlet slot 24 and ultimately enters the flame tube. The weld base 25 cooperates with the first sealing section 13 to prevent air from entering the flame tube through the vortex finder retaining ring. The weld base 25 is welded to the flame tube head 4.

[0045] refer to Figure 6 The second sealing section 22 and the welding seat 25 are connected by a connecting column 23. Specifically, the connecting column 23 connects the second sealing section 22 and the welding seat 25. The connecting column 23 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the sliding sleeve 2, and the number can be designed to be 2 to 4.

[0046] refer to Figure 7 The combustion chamber further includes an elastic circlip 3, which is installed in an elastic circlip groove 21 provided on the inner surface of the sliding sleeve 2. The elastic circlip 3 is located on the side of the vortex finder assembly 1 close to the fuel nozzle 9. Specifically, the elastic circlip 3 can axially position the vortex finder assembly 1, and the vortex finder assembly 1 can also be replaced by installing and removing the elastic circlip 3. The elastic circlip 3 is a special-shaped elastic element and can be made of steel wire and rectangular steel strip. Two symmetrically arranged circular holes 31 are designed on one side of the elastic circlip 3. The circular holes 31 are specially designed to facilitate tool clamping when the elastic circlip 3 is installed and removed from the elastic circlip groove 21 on the sliding sleeve 2.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 The combustion chamber further includes a casing 8, which is fixedly connected to the fuel nozzle 9 and is located outside the flame tube outer ring 6. The casing 8 is used to protect the flame tube formed by the flame tube head 4, the flame tube outer ring 6 and the flame tube inner ring 7.

[0048] Working principle:

[0049] Based on a conventional combustion chamber, the present invention designs the structure of a swirler assembly 1 and a sliding sleeve 2, thereby realizing different swirler working modes in the combustion chamber flame tube in the small state and the large state (in the small state, only the first swirler 11 works, and in the large state, both the first swirler 11 and the second swirler 12 work), thereby resolving the contradiction between smoke in the large state and fuel-poor flameout at idle in a high oil-gas ratio combustion chamber.

[0050] In the large state (the state of high oil-gas ratio, the pressure in the flame tube cavity is much smaller than the pressure outside the flame tube, that is, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame tube is large), the pressure generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame tube presses the vortex finder assembly 1 along the airflow direction (overcoming the elastic force of the spring 5), thereby connecting the air inlet groove 24 with the second vortex finder 12 (such as Figure 3 shown).

[0051] In the low state (the state of low oil-gas ratio, the pressure in the flame tube cavity is less than the pressure outside the flame tube, that is, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame tube is small), the pressure generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame tube is less than the elastic force of the spring 5, and then the spring 5 drives the vortex finder assembly 1 to move in the direction against the air flow (that is, close to the fuel nozzle 9), thereby causing the air inlet groove 24 to be separated from the second vortex finder 12, and the second vortex finder 12 is no longer working to intake air, so the air intake of the flame tube head 4 can only be taken in by the first vortex finder 11 (such as Figure 2 As shown), the oil-gas ratio increases, which is beneficial to the ignition of the combustion chamber and prevents the fuel-poor slow-running stall.

[0052] The sliding sleeve 2 and elastic retaining ring 3 designed in the present invention are such that when the pressure of the spring 5 is less than the design point, air can only enter the inner cavity of the flame tube through the first vortex finder 11. When the pressure is greater than the design point, the vortex finder assembly 1 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 5 and moves in the direction of the airflow (i.e., away from the fuel nozzle 9), thereby gradually connecting the air inlet groove 24 and the second vortex finder 12, thereby achieving simultaneous air entry into the first vortex finder 11 and the second vortex finder 12.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combustion chamber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a flame tube head (4), a flame tube outer ring (6), a flame tube inner ring (7) and a fuel nozzle (9), wherein the flame tube head (4), the flame tube outer ring (6) and the flame tube inner ring (7) form a flame tube; a sliding sleeve (2) is provided on the outer side of the flame tube head (4); a vortex finder assembly (1) is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the fuel nozzle (9) near one end of the flame tube; the sliding sleeve (2) is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly (1); and the fuel nozzle (9) is communicated with the interior of the flame tube; The vortex finder assembly (1) is provided with a first vortex finder (11) and a second vortex finder (12), and the sliding sleeve (2) is provided with an air inlet groove (24), and the air inlet groove (24) is connected to or disconnected from the second vortex finder (12).

2. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the vortex finder assembly (1) is provided with a first sealing section (13), the first sealing section (13) is located on a side of the second vortex finder (12) away from the first vortex finder (11), the first sealing section (13) is slidably connected to the inner surface of the sliding sleeve (2), and the width of the first sealing section (13) is greater than the width of the air inlet groove (24).

3. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second vortex finder channel (15) is provided inside the vortex finder assembly (1), and the second vortex finder channel (15) is communicated with the second vortex finder (12).

4. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber further comprises a spring (5), which is installed between the flame tube head (4) and the vortex finder assembly (1), and one end of the spring (5) abuts against the flame tube head (4), and the other end abuts against the vortex finder assembly (1).

5. A combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that: A spring retaining groove (14) is provided at one end of the vortex finder assembly (1) away from the fuel nozzle (9), and a spring (5) is installed in the spring retaining groove (14).

6. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the sliding sleeve (2) is provided with a second sealing section (22), the second sealing section (22) is slidably mounted on the outer surface of the vortex finder assembly (1), and the width of the second sealing section (22) is greater than the width of the second vortex finder (12).

7. A combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding sleeve (2) further comprises a welding seat (25), the welding seat (25) being located on a side of the air inlet groove (24) away from the second sealing section (22), and the welding seat (25) being fixedly connected to the flame tube head (4).

8. A combustion chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: A connecting column (23) is provided in the air inlet groove (24), and the second sealing section (22) and the welding seat (25) are connected via the connecting column (23).

9. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber further comprises an elastic retaining ring (3), which is installed in an elastic retaining ring groove (21) provided on the inner surface of the sliding sleeve (2), and the elastic retaining ring (3) is located on a side of the vortex finder assembly (1) close to the fuel nozzle (9).

10. A combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The combustion chamber further comprises a casing (8), the casing (8) being fixedly connected to the fuel nozzle (9), and the casing (8) being located outside the outer ring (6) of the flame tube.

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