Charge measurement system for collision particles in multi-factor influence state

Abstract

The invention provides a charge measurement system for collision particles in a multi-factor influence state, and relates to the technical field of particle live line measurement, in the system, an influence factor control device comprises an electric field control assembly, a temperature and humidity control assembly and an initial charge quantity control assembly, the controller is used for adjusting the electric field environment, the temperature and humidity environment and the initial charge quantity of collision particles of the collision experiment according to the researched influence factor type; the data acquisition device comprises a Faraday cup and an electrometer; the particle collision device is used for enabling collision particles to collide with collided particles in a pendulum motion mode and enabling the collided particles to fall into the Faraday cup after collision, and the electrometer measures the electric charge quantity of the collided particles. According to the scheme, the charge property of collision particles under different influence factors can be researched, the accuracy of researching the charge quantity of particles such as dust, haze and industrial dust is improved, and powerful technical support is provided for treatment and prevention of the dust, haze and industrial dust particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of particle charge measurement, and in particular to a charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions. Background Art

[0002] Collision particle charging refers to the change in the charge of the colliding and collided particles after contact, and is an important component of studying the particle charging process in particle systems.

[0003] The charge of collisional particles refers to the charge gained and lost by the colliding and impacted particles during collision. Particles that gain charge become positively charged, while particles that lose charge become negatively charged. This charge can be used to study dust and haze events, as well as industrial dust particle explosions. For example, studying the charge of dust or haze particles during dust or haze events and predicting their charge can aid in dust and haze control. Another example is studying the charge of dust particles in industrial air and predicting their charge, which can help prevent and control industrial dust explosions. Therefore, measuring the charge of collisional particles is of great significance.

[0004] However, the environmental factors affecting actual particles are complex. More importantly, particles may exhibit varying charge properties depending on their environment. Existing experimental equipment for studying particle charge is unable to comprehensively investigate the charge properties under different influencing factors. This results in low accuracy in studying the charge of particles such as sand, haze, and industrial dust, making it difficult to provide strong technical support for the control and prevention of sand, haze, and industrial dust particles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to address the above shortcomings, it is necessary to propose a charge measurement system for colliding particles under multi-factor influence conditions, which can comprehensively study the charge properties of colliding particles under different influencing factors, thereby improving the accuracy of research on the charge of particles such as sand, haze, and industrial dust, and providing strong technical support for the control and prevention of sand, haze and industrial dust particles.

[0006] The present invention provides a charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions, the system comprising: a particle collision device, an influence factor control device and a data acquisition device;

[0007] The influencing factor control device includes an electric field control component, a temperature and humidity control component, and an initial charge control component, which are used to adjust the electric field environment, temperature and humidity environment, and the initial charge of the collision particles in the collision experiment according to the type of influencing factor being studied;

[0008] The data acquisition device includes a Faraday cup and an electrometer electrically connected thereto;

[0009] The particle collision device is used to make the collision particle collide with the collision particle by means of pendulum motion, and make the collision particle fall into the Faraday cage after the collision, and the charge of the collision particle is measured by the electrometer.

[0010] Preferably, the particle collision device comprises: an automatic lifting assembly, a support rod, a first crossbar, a second crossbar, a swing rod, collision particles and collision particles;

[0011] The support rod is vertically fixed on the experimental table, and the first cross bar and the second cross bar are vertically and fixedly installed on the support rod in the same direction. The first cross bar is located above the second cross bar, and the front end of the first cross bar is rotatably connected to one end of the pendulum rod, and the other end of the pendulum rod is fixedly installed with collision particles; the front end of the second cross bar is provided with a collision platform for placing the collided particles, and the installation position of the second cross bar satisfies that the collision particles can just contact the upper surface of the collision platform without friction; the automatic lifting component is provided on one side of the pendulum rod, and its upper end is used to place collision particles, and the collision particles are released by adjusting the height, so that after the collision particles collide with the collided particles, the collided particles fall into the Faraday cage.

[0012] Preferably, the particle collision device further comprises: a first deionizing blower; the first deionizing blower is fixedly installed directly below the collision platform and is used to remove charges from the collision particles and the collision platform when they are in a vertical state without swinging after the collision.

[0013] Preferably, the front end of the first crossbar is rotatably connected to the rocker arm via a bearing.

[0014] Preferably, the data acquisition device also includes a high-speed camera and a data processing terminal, and the data processing terminal is connected to the electrometer and the high-speed camera respectively; the electrometer is used to upload the measured charge data to the data processing terminal, and the high-speed camera is facing the direction of collision between the colliding particles and the collided particles, and is used to shoot the collision process between the colliding particles and the collided particles, and upload the shooting data to the data processing terminal, and the data processing terminal determines the collision speed.

[0015] Preferably, the data acquisition device also includes a background board and a spotlight. The background board is fixedly mounted on the particle collision device and is located within the shooting range of the high-speed camera. A marking strip is provided on the background board for use as a reference for determining the collision speed. The spotlight is used to supplement the light source when the high-speed camera is shooting.

[0016] Preferably, the electric field control component includes two electric field plates, which are respectively installed on both sides of the collided particles so that the colliding particles and the collided particles pass through the uniform electric field formed by the two electric field plates during collision; the outer sides of the two electric field plates are inlaid with insulating plates.

[0017] Preferably, the system further comprises a transparent protective cover, wherein the particle collision device, the Faraday cup and the temperature and humidity control assembly are all located inside the transparent protective cover, so as to adjust the temperature and humidity inside the transparent protective cover according to experimental requirements.

[0018] Preferably, the initial charge control component includes: a power supply module, a particle charge charging module and a particle charge discharging module;

[0019] The power supply module is used to charge the particle charge module and the particle charge discharge module and perform charge-discharge conversion;

[0020] The particle charging module is used to charge the collision particles or the collision-affected particles;

[0021] The particle charge discharging module is used to release the charges carried by the colliding particles or the collided particles.

[0022] Preferably, the power module includes: a switch unit, a voltage regulating unit and a power connection unit; the switch unit is used to turn on and off the power supply, the voltage regulating unit is used to adjust the voltage value during charging, and the power connection unit is used to convert the charging and discharging of the particles;

[0023] The particle charge charging module includes: a Hall element, an electromagnetic coil, a positive charge electrode insulating plate, a negative charge electrode insulating plate and a charge measuring instrument; the electromagnetic coils are respectively fixed directly above and directly below the Hall element, and are powered by the power module to generate a magnetic field, and wires are drawn from the electromagnetic coils and connected to the front and back surfaces of the Hall element to generate current in the Hall element, and to generate charge on the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element under the action of the magnetic field; the positive charge electrode insulating plate and the negative charge electrode insulating plate are respectively fixed on both sides of the Hall element, and are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element by wires to collect charge; the charge measuring instrument is respectively connected to the charge monitoring probes on the positive charge electrode insulating plate and the negative charge electrode insulating plate, and is used to observe the charge amount in real time during charging to determine whether charging is complete;

[0024] The particle charge discharge module includes: a second deionization fan; the second deionization fan is respectively arranged directly above the positive charge electrode insulation plate and the negative charge electrode insulation plate, and both are powered by the power module; the charge measuring instrument is used to determine whether charge neutralization is completed during discharge.

[0025] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the charge measurement system for colliding particles under multi-factor influence conditions provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a particle collision device, an influence factor control device and a data acquisition device, wherein the influence factor control device includes an electric field control component, a temperature and humidity control component and an initial charge control component, which can adjust the electric field environment, temperature and humidity environment or the initial charge of the colliding particles according to the type of influence factor being studied; and the particle collision device can cause the colliding particles to collide with the collided particles by means of a pendulum motion, and cause the collided particles to fall into the Faraday cage of the data acquisition device after the collision, so that the charge of the collided particles is measured by an electrometer electrically connected to the device. It can be seen that the present solution can adjust the electric field environment, temperature and humidity environment and initial charge conditions during the collision through the electric field control component, the temperature and humidity control component and the initial charge control component, which helps to more comprehensively study the charge conditions of particles after collision under different influence factors, thereby more accurately studying the charge conditions of particles such as sand, haze, and industrial dust, and provides strong technical support for the control and prevention of sand, haze and industrial dust particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system for measuring the charge of colliding particles under multi-factor influence conditions provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a particle collision device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an influencing factor control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a data acquisition device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an initial charge control component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a particle charge charging module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a particle charge discharge module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: particle collision device 10, automatic lifting component 11, support rod 12, first crossbar 13, second crossbar 14, swing rod 15, collision particle 16, bearing 17, collision platform 18, first deionization fan 19, influencing factor control device 20, electric field control component 21, electric field plate 211, temperature and humidity control component 22, initial charge control component 23, power module 231, switch unit 2311, voltage regulation unit 2312, power connection unit 2313, particle charge charging module 232, Hall element 2321, electromagnetic coil 2322, positive charge electrode insulating plate 2323, negative charge electrode insulating plate 2324, charge measuring instrument 2325, particle charge discharging module 233, second deionization fan 2331, data acquisition device 30, Faraday cup 31, electrometer 32, high-speed camera 33, data processing terminal 34, background plate 35, marking strip 351, spotlight 36, transparent protective cover 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] See also Figure 1-8 , the present invention provides a charge measurement system for collision particles 16 under multi-factor influence conditions, the system comprising: a particle collision device 10, an influence factor control device 20 and a data acquisition device 30;

[0037] The influencing factor control device 20 includes an electric field control component 21, a temperature and humidity control component 22, and an initial charge control component 23, which is used to adjust the electric field environment, temperature and humidity environment of the collision experiment and the initial charge of the collision particle 16 according to the type of influencing factor being studied;

[0038] The data acquisition device 30 includes a Faraday cup 31 and an electrometer 32 electrically connected thereto;

[0039] The particle collision device 10 is used to make the collision particle 16 collide with the collision particle by pendulum motion, and make the collision particle fall into the Faraday cage 31 after the collision, and the electrometer 32 measures the charge of the collision particle.

[0040] The particle collision device 10 may specifically include an automatic lifting assembly 11, a support rod 12, a first crossbar 13, a second crossbar 14, a swing rod 15, a collision particle 16, and a collision particle;

[0041] The support rod 12 is vertically fixed on the experimental table, and the first cross bar 13 and the second cross bar 14 are vertically and equilaterally fixed on the support rod 12. The first cross bar 13 is located above the second cross bar 14, and the front end of the first cross bar 13 is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm 15, and the other end of the rocker arm 15 is fixedly installed with a collision particle 16; the front end of the second cross bar 14 is provided with a collision platform 18 for placing the collided particles, and the installation position of the second cross bar 14 satisfies that the collision particles 16 can just contact the upper surface of the collision platform 18; the automatic lifting component 11 is provided on one side of the rocker arm 15, and its upper end is used to place the collision particles 16, and the collision particles 16 are released by adjusting the height, so that after the collision particles 16 collide with the collided particles, the collided particles fall into the Faraday cage 31.

[0042] The automatic lifting assembly 11 can be electrically driven to achieve elevation, i.e., adjustment to different heights and release of collision particles 16. Thus, after determining the desired descending height of collision particles 16 based on the research content and requirements, the automatic lifting assembly 11 is adjusted to the corresponding height, and then the rocker 15 is rotated to place collision particles 16 on the automatic lifting assembly 11. Furthermore, by driving the automatic lifting assembly 11 downward, the collision particles 16 are released, causing them to collide with the collision target particles. Ultimately, the collision target particles fall into the Faraday cage 31, where their charge is measured by the electrometer 32. In this way, by adjusting the height of the automatic lifting assembly 11, the collision velocities of the collision particles 16 and the collision target particles can be varied.

[0043] In this embodiment, the front end of the first crossbar 13 is rotatably connected to the rocker arm 15 via a bearing 17. The distance between the first crossbar 13 and the second crossbar 14 should be the sum of the length of the rocker arm 15 and the diameter of the collision particle 16, thereby ensuring that the center of the collision particle 16 mounted on the rocker arm 15 can smoothly collide with the center of the collided particle. The rocker arm 15 can be made of an insulating material, and its other end is adhered to the collision particle 16 by an insulating material, such as insulating glue. A collision platform 18 is made of insulating material at the end of the second crossbar 14 for placing the collided particle. When the collision particle 16 is in a stationary vertical state, it forms a straight line with the collision platform 18 in the vertical direction. It should be noted that the contact between the collision particle 16 and the automatic lifting rod is point contact to ensure that the collision particle 16 can be released when the automatic lifting assembly 11 is actuated. The first deionizing fan 19 is fixed directly below the collision platform 18 so that when the first deionizing fan 19 is in a vertical state facing the collision particles 16 without swinging, the first deionizing fan 19 can be used to remove the charges of the collision particles 16 and the collision platform 18 after the collision.

[0044] The collision particles 16 and the collision particles can be made of different materials and shapes according to the specific research content. For example, for studying sand and dust, since the main component of sand is silicon dioxide, glass balls can be used.

[0045] The data acquisition device 30 includes a Faraday cage 31 and an electrometer 32, which are used to collect the charge of the collision particle 16. In addition, the collision velocity of the particles can also be collected. Specifically, the data acquisition device 30 can also include a high-speed camera 33 and a data processing terminal 34, and the data processing terminal 34 is connected to the electrometer 32 and the high-speed camera 33 respectively; the electrometer 32 is used to upload the measured charge data to the data processing terminal 34, and the high-speed camera 33 is oriented in the direction of collision between the collision particle 16 and the collision particle, and is used to shoot the collision process between the collision particle 16 and the collision particle, and upload the shooting data to the data processing terminal 34, and the data processing terminal 34 determines the collision velocity.

[0046] In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the collision speed determination, the data acquisition device 30 can also include a background plate 35 and a spotlight 36. The background plate 35 is fixedly mounted on the particle collision device 10 and is located within the shooting range of the high-speed camera 33; a marking strip 351 is provided on the background plate 35, which is used as a reference for determining the collision speed; the spotlight 36 is used to supplement the light source when the high-speed camera 33 is shooting.

[0047] In this embodiment, a Faraday cage 31 is placed at the desired position in the middle of the experimental setup consisting of the data acquisition system and the particle collision system, horizontally aligned with the collision particle 16 and the collision platform 18. The position of the Faraday cage 31 is adjusted to ensure that the collision particle lands in the center of the cage 31. The Faraday cage 31 is connected to an electrometer 32 to measure the charge of the collision particle 16. The electrometer 32 is then connected to a data processing terminal 34, such as a computer, to store and process the charge data. A high-speed camera 33 is placed to the side of the collision platform 18 to capture the real-time velocity of the particles during collision. The high-speed camera 33 is connected to a computer to process and store the collision velocity data.

[0048] The electric field control component 21 may include two electric field plates 211, which are respectively installed on both sides of the collided particle. The distance between the two electric field plates 211 may be 8-10 cm, so that the colliding particle 16 and the collided particle pass through the uniform electric field formed by the two electric field plates 211 during the collision. The outer sides of the two electric field plates 211 are both inlaid with insulating plates to ensure the safety of the experimenters during the experiment.

[0049] As for the temperature and humidity control component 22, it is considered to place the temperature and humidity control component 22 in the middle of the particle collision device 10 and the data acquisition device 30 after they are installed together, and at the same time set a transparent protective cover 40 so that the particle collision device 10, the Faraday cup 31 and the temperature and humidity control component 22 are located in the transparent protective cover 40, so that according to the experimental requirements, the temperature and humidity in the transparent protective cover 40 can be adjusted to quickly reach the temperature and humidity values required for the experiment.

[0050] The initial charge control component 23 is used to study the effects of different initial charges on post-collision charge. Specifically, the initial charge control component 23 may include a power supply module 231, a particle charge charging module 232, and a particle charge discharge module 233. The power supply module 231 is used to charge the particle charge charging module 232 and the particle charge discharge module 233 and perform charge-discharge conversion. The particle charge charging module 232 is used to charge the colliding particles 16 or the collided particles. The particle charge discharge module 233 is used to release the charge carried by the colliding particles 16 or the collided particles.

[0051] The power module 231 may include a switch unit 2311, a voltage regulating unit 2312, and a power connection unit 2313; the switch unit 2311 is used to turn on and off the power supply, the voltage regulating unit 2312 is used to adjust the voltage value during charging, and the power connection unit 2313 is used to convert the charging and discharging of the particles;

[0052] The particle charge charging module 232 may include a Hall element 2321, an electromagnetic coil 2322, a positive charge electrode insulating plate 2323, a negative charge electrode insulating plate 2324, and a charge measuring instrument 2325. The electromagnetic coil 2322 is respectively fixed directly above and directly below the Hall element 2321, and is powered by the power module 231 to generate a magnetic field. Wires extending from the electromagnetic coil 2322 are connected to the front and back surfaces of the Hall element 2321, so that current is generated in the Hall element 2321, and charges are generated on the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element 2321 under the action of the magnetic field. The positive charge electrode insulating plate 2323 and the negative charge electrode insulating plate 2324 are respectively fixed to the two sides of the Hall element 2321, and are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element 2321 by wires to collect charges. The charge measuring instrument 2325 is respectively connected to the charge monitoring probes on the positive charge electrode insulating plate 2323 and the negative charge electrode insulating plate 2324, and is used to observe the charge amount in real time during charging to determine whether charging is complete.

[0053] The particle charge discharge module 233 may include a second deionization fan 2331; the second deionization fan 2331 is respectively arranged directly above the positive charge pole insulating plate 2323 and the negative charge pole insulating plate 2324, and both are powered by the power module 231; the charge measuring instrument 2325 is used to determine whether the charge neutralization is completed during discharge.

[0054] In this embodiment, the power module 231 may include a DC high-voltage source with an output range of 0-500V, an accuracy of ±0.5%, and a ripple factor of ≤1%. The voltage regulator unit 2312 may be a digital voltage regulator integrated into the power supply panel, supporting either step or continuous regulation modes. The power connector unit 2313 may be a power connector used to switch between charging and discharging of the particles and connecting to the power module 231.

[0055] For the particle charge charging module 232, the electromagnetic coil 2322 can use a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.5-2T, and the spacing can be adjusted by precision guide rails (range 5-50mm); the surface of the electromagnetic coil 2322 is coated with a copper shielding layer to reduce magnetic field leakage. The Hall element 2321 is based on gallium arsenide, with a sensitivity of 300mV / mT and a linear error of ≤0.1%. The Hall element 2321 is fixed to the geometric center of the two electromagnetic coils 2322, and copper wires are welded to the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating plate conductive layer. The base material of the positive charge insulating plate 2323 and the negative charge insulating plate 2324 is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a thickness of 2mm. The surface is coated with a nano-scale gold film by magnetron sputtering, with a resistivity of <1×10 -8 Ω·m; a charge monitoring probe is embedded in the edge of the insulating plate and connected to the charge measurement instrument 2325 to provide real-time feedback on the surface charge density.

[0056] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic coil 2322 is connected to the power module 231 to generate a magnetic field, and a wire is led out from the coil and connected to the front and back surfaces of the Hall element 2321, so that current is generated in the Hall element 2321. The Hall element 2321 is placed in the center of the magnetic field, and the positive and back sides of the Hall element 2321 generate charges of different polarities. The positive charge pole insulating plate 2323 is connected to the side of the Hall element 2321 that generates positive charge, and the negative charge pole insulating plate 2324 is connected to the side of the Hall element 2321 that generates negative charge. In this way, the positive and negative charges will be respectively introduced into the granular balls on the positive charge pole insulating plate 2323 and the negative charge pole insulating plate 2324, and the granular balls will be charged. Then, the reading on the charge measuring instrument 2325 is observed to control the charge amount.

[0057] The discharge principle is as follows: when the power module outputs voltage, current flows through the electromagnetic coil to generate a uniform magnetic field (magnetic field strength B∝I). The Hall element generates a transverse potential difference (V H =K H *I*B,K H The potential difference is transmitted to the insulating plate through the wire, forming a uniform electric field perpendicular to the direction of particle movement (E = V H / d, d is the distance between the insulating plates). When the particles pass through the electric field area, they are affected by the electric field force and acquire a quantitative charge (Q = C*E, C is the equivalent capacitance of the particles).

[0058] For the particle charge discharge module 233, the second deionization fan 2331 adopts a dual-fan symmetrical arrangement, adopts high-frequency ionization technology, and the ionization voltage is 5kV to generate a deionized air flow, in which the ion concentration is ≥1×10 6 ions / cm 3 The air flow rate is adjustable from 0.5 to 5 m / s and the stability is maintained by a PID controller.

[0059] The discharge principle is: after starting the second deionization blower 2331, high-energy electrons collide with water molecules in the air to produce H3O + With OH - Ions. These ions are transported to the surface of the insulating plate by the air flow and react with the residual charge (such as Q + +OH - →H2O). The charge measurement instrument 2325 probe detects the surface potential in real time. When the potential drops to within ±1V, the discharge is determined to be complete.

[0060] It should be noted that both the positive-charged insulating plate 2323 and the negative-charged insulating plate 2324 are provided with grooves, which are connected to the Hall element 2321 via a conductor. This conductor is also connected to a column provided on the insulating plate, which is in turn connected to a charge meter 2325. During charging and discharging, particles are placed in the grooves, and the power module 231 is adjusted to charging mode to charge the particles in the grooves, while the charge meter 2325 determines the particle charge. Furthermore, placing the collision particle or the collision-particle in the grooves on the positive-charged insulating plate 2323 can positively charge the particles, while placing the collision particle or the collision-particle in the grooves on the negative-charged insulating plate 2324 can negatively charge the particles. The specific selection can be based on the experimental research. Furthermore, multiple grooves can be provided on the positive-charged insulating plate 2323 and the negative-charged insulating plate 2324, each with different apertures, to accommodate the charging and discharging of particles of varying sizes.

[0061] When conducting experiments based on the system provided by the present invention, the following process can be followed:

[0062] 1) First, turn on the electrometer 32 and “reset” the setting before using the electrometer 32 , turn on the high-speed camera 33 , and after the automatic lifting assembly 11 is raised to a certain required position, place the collision ball on top of the automatic lifting assembly 11 .

[0063] 2) Turn on the electric field control component 21, and when the electric field is stable, lower the automatic lifting component 11, and then record the charge data and collision velocity data;

[0064] If the study is about the effect of temperature and humidity on the charge after collision, repeat step 1), turn on the temperature and humidity control component 22, and when the temperature and humidity reach equilibrium, lower the automatic lifting component 11, and then record the charge data and collision velocity data;

[0065] If the study is about the effect of initial charge on post-collision charge, repeat step 1), turn on the initial charge control component, and when the particle charge reaches the experimental requirements, lower the automatic lifting component 11, and then record the charge data and collision velocity data.

[0066] 3) After the experiment, the charges on the collision particles 16 and the collision platform 18 are cleared. If an electric field experiment is performed, the charges accumulated on the electrode plates must also be cleared before the next experiment can be performed.

[0067] The modules or units in the apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined, divided, or deleted as needed. The above disclosure is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that any equivalent variations made by implementing all or part of the processes of the above embodiments in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence, characterized in that: The system includes: a particle collision device, an influencing factor control device and a data acquisition device; The influencing factor control device includes an electric field control component, a temperature and humidity control component, and an initial charge control component, which are used to adjust the electric field environment, temperature and humidity environment, and the initial charge of the collision particles in the collision experiment according to the type of influencing factor being studied; The data acquisition device includes a Faraday cup and an electrometer electrically connected thereto; The particle collision device is used to make the collision particle collide with the collision particle by means of pendulum motion, and make the collision particle fall into the Faraday cage after the collision, and the charge of the collision particle is measured by the electrometer.

2. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle collision device comprises: an automatic lifting assembly, a support rod, a first crossbar, a second crossbar, a swing rod, collision particles and collision particles; The support rod is vertically fixed on the experimental table, and the first cross bar and the second cross bar are vertically and fixedly installed on the support rod in the same direction. The first cross bar is located above the second cross bar, and the front end of the first cross bar is rotatably connected to one end of the pendulum rod, and the other end of the pendulum rod is fixedly installed with collision particles; the front end of the second cross bar is provided with a collision platform for placing the collided particles, and the installation position of the second cross bar satisfies that the collision particles can just contact the upper surface of the collision platform without friction; the automatic lifting component is provided on one side of the pendulum rod, and its upper end is used to place collision particles, and the collision particles are released by adjusting the height, so that after the collision particles collide with the collided particles, the collided particles fall into the Faraday cage.

3. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle collision device further comprises: a first deionizing blower; the first deionizing blower is fixedly installed directly below the collision platform and is used to remove electric charges from the collision particles and the collision platform when they are in a vertical state without swinging after the collision.

4. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the first crossbar is rotatably connected to the rocker arm via a bearing.

5. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition device also includes a high-speed camera and a data processing terminal, which are respectively connected to the electrometer and the high-speed camera; the electrometer is used to upload the measured charge data to the data processing terminal; the high-speed camera is oriented toward the direction in which the colliding particle and the collided particle collide, and is used to capture the collision process between the colliding particle and the collided particle, and upload the captured data to the data processing terminal, which then determines the collision speed.

6. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data acquisition device also includes a background plate and a spotlight. The background plate is fixedly mounted on the particle collision device and is located within the shooting range of the high-speed camera. A marking strip is provided on the background plate for use as a reference for determining the collision speed. The spotlight is used to supplement the light source when the high-speed camera is shooting.

7. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field control component includes two electric field plates, which are respectively installed on both sides of the collided particles so that the colliding particles and the collided particles pass through the uniform electric field formed by the two electric field plates during collision; the outer sides of the two electric field plates are inlaid with insulating plates.

8. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a transparent protective cover, in which the particle collision device, the Faraday cup and the temperature and humidity control component are all located, so as to adjust the temperature and humidity in the transparent protective cover according to experimental requirements.

9. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial charge control component includes: a power supply module, a particle charge charging module and a particle charge discharging module; The power supply module is used to charge the particle charge module and the particle charge discharge module and perform charge-discharge conversion; The particle charging module is used to charge the collision particles or the collision-affected particles; The particle charge discharging module is used to release the charges carried by the colliding particles or the collided particles.

10. The charge measurement system for collision particles under multi-factor influence conditions according to claim 9, characterized in that: The power module includes: a switch unit, a voltage regulating unit and a power connection unit; the switch unit is used to turn on and off the power supply, the voltage regulating unit is used to adjust the voltage value during charging, and the power connection unit is used to convert the charging and discharging of the particles; The particle charge charging module includes: a Hall element, an electromagnetic coil, a positive charge electrode insulating plate, a negative charge electrode insulating plate and a charge measuring instrument; the electromagnetic coils are respectively fixed directly above and directly below the Hall element, and are powered by the power module to generate a magnetic field, and wires are drawn from the electromagnetic coils and connected to the front and back surfaces of the Hall element to generate current in the Hall element, and to generate charge on the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element under the action of the magnetic field; the positive charge electrode insulating plate and the negative charge electrode insulating plate are respectively fixed on both sides of the Hall element, and are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the Hall element by wires to collect charge; the charge measuring instrument is respectively connected to the charge monitoring probes on the positive charge electrode insulating plate and the negative charge electrode insulating plate, and is used to observe the charge amount in real time during charging to determine whether charging is complete; The particle charge discharge module includes: a second deionization fan; the second deionization fan is respectively arranged directly above the positive charge electrode insulation plate and the negative charge electrode insulation plate, and both are powered by the power module; the charge measuring instrument is used to determine whether charge neutralization is completed during discharge.

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