A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of gas detection, and relates to a combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood. The device of the present application is composed of a sample adding tube and a detection tube. The filler section arranged in the sample adding tube can effectively destroy red blood cells to release CO gas under the action of Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system, and at the same time, the reducing substances such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid in blood are removed through the interference removal section, thereby significantly improving the specificity and accuracy of detection. The indicating glue section in the detection tube adopts a platinum-selenium compound and a potassium iodate system, which occurs a color reaction in the presence of CO: I2O5+5CO→I2+5CO2, and the generated iodine element presents a brown color development band, the length of which is positively correlated with the concentration of HbCO, so as to realize the visual quantitative analysis of the content of carboxyhemoglobin in blood.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas detection and relates to a combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods for detecting carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin) in blood primarily rely on spectrophotometry or gas chromatography. While these methods offer high accuracy and reliability in laboratory settings, they suffer from several technical limitations in practical applications. First, sample pretreatment is cumbersome and complex, requiring multiple steps such as centrifugation, extraction, and purification. This process is not only time-consuming but also susceptible to human error or contamination, affecting the accuracy of the final results. Second, the detection cycle is generally long, typically requiring several hours or even longer to obtain final data. This is often insufficient for time-sensitive cases, particularly in on-site investigations involving poisoning deaths or acute carbon monoxide exposure, where rapid response is often required. Furthermore, these traditional detection methods heavily rely on large instruments such as spectrophotometers and gas chromatographs. These devices are bulky, complex to operate, and costly to maintain, making mobile or portable testing difficult and limiting their application in the field.

[0003] These deficiencies make it difficult for forensic workers to obtain crucial physicochemical data at crime scenes in a timely manner, thus affecting the initial judgment of the nature of the case and the establishment of the direction of the investigation. For example, at the scene of suspected carbon monoxide poisoning, if the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the deceased's blood cannot be confirmed immediately, it may delay the analysis of the cause of the accident and even affect the efficiency and accuracy of subsequent forensic identification.

[0004] To solve this technical challenge, it is urgent to extend carbon monoxide detection technology from the laboratory to the field, developing portable, rapid, and reliable on-site testing methods. These methods could quickly complete preliminary testing of blood samples at the crime scene, obtaining key data such as carboxyhemoglobin concentration in real time, thus providing scientific basis and technical support for case prediction. This "on-site testing" model not only improves the efficiency and response speed of forensic work but also provides strong support for subsequent in-depth identification and evidence preservation, possessing significant practical significance and application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology by proposing a combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood. This allows for direct injection of whole blood samples and completes the separation and detection of carbon monoxide, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis to be performed in a non-laboratory environment.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the combination detection tube being composed of a sample dispensing tube and a detection tube connected together;

[0008] The sample loading tube includes a glass tube, and from the inlet end of the glass tube to the plugging end, there are a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a plugging material section arranged sequentially.

[0009] The detection tube includes a glass tube, and from the inlet end of the glass tube to the blockage end, there are sequentially arranged a non-woven fabric section, a blank silicone section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an indicator adhesive section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an interference removal section, a blank silicone section, and a blockage section.

[0010] Preferably, the detection combination tube is composed of the plugged end of the sample dispensing tube and the inlet end of the detection tube.

[0011] This invention involves drawing whole blood for testing and injecting it into the inlet of a sample tube. As the blood passes through the sample tube, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) destroys cells and releases CO in the Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system. An anti-interference layer removes reducing substances such as GSH and ascorbic acid. The indicator gel undergoes a colorimetric reaction with the platinum-selenium complex via CO: I₂O₅ + 5CO → I₂ + CO₂ (brown color of iodine). The length of the color band is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration. By combining the detection tubes, quantitative detection of 10-80% HbCO in blood can be achieved in less than 7 minutes.

[0012] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the filler section has a length of 82-92 mm and an average particle size of 0.3-0.8 mm. The preparation method of the filler includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Add silica gel to a solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain filler A;

[0014] S2. Take filler A and add it to chromium sulfate solution and mix evenly, then dry it at high temperature to obtain filler B;

[0015] S3. Mix filler A and filler B, then add them to a potassium sulfate solution and mix evenly. Finally, dry them at high temperature to obtain the filler.

[0016] The filler prepared by this invention can increase the specific surface area, making the reaction between blood and filler more complete, destroying carboxyhemoglobin, and fully releasing CO gas, so that the detection tube can detect trace amounts of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood.

[0017] Preferably, the detection combination tube is composed of a plugging section of the sample dispensing tube and a non-woven fabric section of the detection tube connected together.

[0018] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel and solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate in step S1 is 1:(0.5-1.5), wherein the concentration of potassium dichromate in the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1-1.5 wt%, and the concentration of chromium sulfate is 0.3-0.5 wt%.

[0019] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of filler A and filler B in step S3 is 1:(0.5-1.5).

[0020] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the high-temperature drying temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 150-200℃, and the time is 50-80 min.

[0021] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, step S3 involves high-temperature drying at 50-60°C for 20-24 hours.

[0022] In the aforementioned combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the indicator gel segment has a length of 50-65 mm, and the preparation method of the indicator gel includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Add silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain the indicator gel semi-finished product;

[0024] S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid is added to the indicator gel semi-finished product, and the product is dried at high temperature to obtain the indicator gel.

[0025] Compared to traditional gas detection tubes, the indicator gel segment prepared in this invention has superior sensitivity, capable of producing a color reaction with trace amounts of carbon monoxide in the blood, and the gas flow rate can be controlled to make the concentration and length correlated.

[0026] In the aforementioned combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the concentration of potassium iodate in the solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide, and chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.15 wt%, the concentration of selenium dioxide is 0.2-0.5 wt%, and the concentration of selenium dioxide is 0.01-0.05 wt%.

[0027] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide, and chloroplatinic acid is (1-5):1.

[0028] In the aforementioned combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of indicator gel semi-finished product to fuming sulfuric acid is 2.5-4.5:1.

[0029] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the interference section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 3-8 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Add silica gel to chromium trioxide solution and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain modified silica gel;

[0031] S2. Add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silicone for sealing treatment.

[0032] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel to chromium trioxide solution is (1-5):1, wherein the concentration of chromium trioxide solution is 2-5 wt%.

[0033] In the aforementioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the mass ratio of modified silica gel to fuming sulfuric acid is (3-8):1.

[0034] In the aforementioned combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the silica gel particles in the blank silica gel section have a particle size of 60-80 mesh and a length of 5-15 mm.

[0035] In the aforementioned combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the blue indicator gel is blue glass powder, and the length of the blue indicator gel segment is 2-3 mm.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. This invention comprises a sample dispensing tube and a detection tube. Through a scientifically designed functional partition, it achieves direct injection of whole blood samples and efficient separation and colorimetric detection of carbon monoxide, overcoming the high dependence of traditional detection methods on laboratory environment and professional technicians. The packing section inside the sample dispensing tube, under the action of the Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system, effectively destroys red blood cells, releasing CO gas. Simultaneously, the interference removal section removes reducing substances such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid from the blood, significantly improving the specificity and accuracy of the detection. The indicator gel section in the detection tube uses a platinum-selenium complex and potassium iodate system, which undergoes a colorimetric reaction in the presence of CO: I₂O₅ + 5CO → I₂ + 5CO₂. The generated iodine appears as a brown band, the length of which is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration, thus achieving visualized quantitative analysis of carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood.

[0038] 2. The combined detection tube of this invention features a wide detection range (10%-80% HbCO), short detection time (less than 7 minutes), and high portability, making it suitable for rapid on-site testing needs, especially for forensic workers at crime scenes. By extending the testing process from the laboratory to the crime scene, it not only significantly improves testing efficiency but also provides timely and reliable data support for preliminary judgment of the nature of the case, evidence preservation, and subsequent forensic identification. Furthermore, the materials selected for each functional segment of the detection tube are reasonable, and the manufacturing process is mature, exhibiting good repeatability and stability, facilitating large-scale production and widespread application.

[0039] 3. This invention provides a carbon monoxide detection solution that can perform qualitative and quantitative analysis in a non-laboratory environment. It has significant advantages such as fast detection speed, simple operation, intuitive results, and low cost. It has important practical significance and broad application prospects for improving the level of forensic on-site detection technology and promoting the development of toxicology analysis towards mobile and real-time methods. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sample addition tube for Example 1; 1-1, high borosilicate glass tube; 1-2, medical non-woven fabric; 1-3, packing material; 1-4, medical-grade plug;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the test tube in Example 1; 2-1, high borosilicate glass tube; 2-2, medical non-woven fabric; 2-3, 75-mesh blank silica gel; 2-4, desiccant section; 2-5, blue indicator adhesive; 2-6, indicator adhesive section; 2-7, medical-grade plug;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the actual testing of the sample tube and test tube in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 4 The image shows the sample tube and test tube of Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the specific scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings used herein are merely for better illustrating the content disclosed in the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are all commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the embodiments are all conventional methods in the art.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] A physical image as follows Figure 4The illustrated combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood consists of a sample dispensing tube and a detection tube connected together.

[0047] Among them, the sample tube is like Figure 1 The diagram shows a glass tube, from left to right, consisting of a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a plug section.

[0048] Detection tube such as Figure 2 The device includes a glass tube, from which a non-woven fabric section, a blank silicone section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an indicator adhesive section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an interference removal section, a blank silicone section, and a blockage section are sequentially arranged from the inlet end to the blockage end.

[0049] The sample loading tube is a single-mouth high borosilicate glass tube with an inner diameter of 4.2 mm and a length of 145 mm;

[0050] The detection tube is a single-port high borosilicate glass tube with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 145 mm;

[0051] The packing section is 87 mm long and has an average particle size of 0.6 mm. It is injected into a pretreated glass tube with an inner diameter of 0.42 mm using a vacuum packing method. The preparation method of the packing includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Add 30-mesh silica gel to a solution containing 1.2wt% potassium dichromate and 0.35wt% chromium sulfate at a mass ratio of 1:1 and mix evenly. Then dry at 160℃ for 60 min to obtain filler A.

[0053] S2. Take filler A at a mass ratio of 1:1 and add it to a 40wt% chromium sulfate solution and mix evenly. Then dry it at 160℃ for 60 minutes to obtain filler B.

[0054] S3. Mix filler A and filler B at a mass ratio of 1:1, then add them to a potassium sulfate solution with a total mass concentration of 5wt% (40% of the total filler mass) and mix evenly. Finally, dry the mixture at 55℃ for 22 hours to obtain the filler.

[0055] The indicator gel segment is 60 mm long, and the preparation method of the indicator gel includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Add 100-mesh silica gel to a solution containing 0.1wt% potassium iodate, 0.3wt% selenium dioxide and 0.03wt% chloroplatinic acid, mix evenly, and then dry at 130℃ for 120 min to obtain the indicator gel semi-finished product;

[0057] S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid is added to the indicator gel semi-finished product at a mass ratio of 20:6, dried at 120℃ for 60 minutes, and sealed for 7 days to obtain the indicator gel.

[0058] The interference-free section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 5 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium includes the following steps:

[0059] S1. Add 75-mesh silica gel to a 3wt% chromium trioxide solution and mix evenly. Then dry at 175°C for 120 min to obtain modified silica gel.

[0060] S2. After natural cooling, add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silica gel at a mass ratio of 5:1 and seal for 8 days.

[0061] The blank silicone section is made of 70-mesh blank silicone and is 10mm in length.

[0062] The blue indicator adhesive is made of blue glass powder, and the length of the blue indicator adhesive segment is 2.5mm.

[0063] The blockage section uses medical-grade rubber plugs.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] The only difference from Example 1 is that the packing material is packing material A.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] The only difference from Example 1 is that the packing material is packing material B.

[0068] Example 4:

[0069] The only difference from Example 1 is that the filler length is only 1 mm.

[0070] Example 5:

[0071] The only difference from Example 1 is that the packing length is only 30 mm.

[0072] Example 6:

[0073] The only difference from Example 1 is that the indicator gel was not treated with fuming sulfuric acid.

[0074] Example 7:

[0075] The only difference from Example 1 is that the solution in the preparation of the indicator gel contains only 0.1 wt% potassium iodate and 0.3 wt% selenium dioxide.

[0076] Example 8:

[0077] The only difference from Example 1 is that the interference section was not treated with fuming sulfuric acid during preparation.

[0078] Comparative Example 1:

[0079] The only difference from Example 1 is that the combined detection tube does not contain a sample addition tube.

[0080] Comparative Example 2:

[0081] The only difference from Example 1 is that the combined detection tube does not have an interference removal section.

[0082] like Figure 3 The sample tube and the detection tube shown are connected by a rubber tube. Whole blood samples from Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 are directly injected into the sample tube and the carbon monoxide is separated and detected through the detection tube.

[0083] Table 1: Performance tests of the test tubes prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1.

[0084] Example Carbon monoxide release rate Detection sensitivity Example 1 80％ 10%-80% COHb Example 2 60％ 25%-100% COHb Example 3 50％ 30%-100% COHb Example 4 5％ 0 Example 5 50％ 30%-100% COHb Example 6 80％ 0 Example 7 80％ 70%-100 COHb Example 8 80％ 40%-90% COHb Comparative Example 1 0 0 Comparative Example 2 80％ 40%-90% COHb

[0085] The results show that Example 1 performed best, with a carbon monoxide release rate of 80% and a detection sensitivity of 10%-80% COHb. This indicates that the combined detection tube has good release efficiency and a wide detection range, suitable for detecting carbon monoxide from low to high concentrations. When the filler is only filler A (Example 2) or filler B (Example 3), the CO release rate drops to 60% and 50% respectively, and the detection limit increases, indicating that the synergistic effect of fillers A and B helps to improve release efficiency and expand the detection range. When the filler length is only 1 mm (Example 4), almost no CO is released; increasing the length to 30 mm (Example 5) improves the situation, but it is still not as good as the 87 mm filler in Example 1. The indicator gel without fuming sulfuric acid treatment (Example 6) has a normal CO release rate, but cannot achieve effective detection; the lack of chloroplatinic acid (Example 7) significantly reduces the detection sensitivity, and can only detect high-concentration samples. The interference removal section without fuming sulfuric acid treatment (Example 8) leads to a narrower detection range, indicating that this treatment is of great significance for removing reducing interfering substances and improving detection accuracy. Comparative Example 1 shows that the sample tube plays a key role in cell lysis and CO release. Although the CO release rate of Comparative Example 2 is normal, the detection range is limited, indicating that the interference removal section has a positive effect on improving detection sensitivity and accuracy.

[0086] In summary, the device of this invention consists of two parts: a sample dispensing tube and a detection tube. Through a scientifically designed functional partition, it achieves direct injection of whole blood samples and efficient separation and colorimetric detection of carbon monoxide, overcoming the high dependence of traditional detection methods on laboratory environment and professional technicians. The packing section in the sample dispensing tube, under the action of the Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system, can effectively destroy red blood cells and release CO gas. Simultaneously, the interference removal section removes reducing substances such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid from the blood, significantly improving the specificity and accuracy of the detection. The indicator gel section in the detection tube uses a platinum-selenium complex and potassium iodate system, which undergoes a colorimetric reaction in the presence of CO: I₂O₅ + 5CO → I₂ + 5CO₂. The generated iodine element presents as a brown color band, the length of which is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration, thus achieving visualized quantitative analysis of carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood.

[0087] The embodiments described herein cover any points not exhaustively within the scope of the technical claims of this invention, as well as new technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions of one or more technical features in the embodiments. These are all within the scope of the claims of this invention. Furthermore, in all listed or unlisted embodiments of this invention, each parameter in the same embodiment merely represents an instance (i.e., a feasible solution) of its technical solution, and there is no strict coordination or limitation relationship between the parameters. The parameters can be substituted for each other without violating axioms and the claims of this invention, unless otherwise stated.

[0088] The technical means disclosed in this invention are not limited to those described above, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. The above descriptions are specific embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0089] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combination detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, characterized in that, The combined detection tube is composed of a sample dispensing tube and a detection tube connected together; The sample loading tube includes a glass tube, and from the outlet end of the glass tube to the blockage end, there are a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a blockage section arranged in sequence. The detection tube includes a glass tube, and from the outlet end of the glass tube to the blockage end, there are sequentially arranged a non-woven fabric section, a blank silicone section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an indicator adhesive section, a blue indicator adhesive section, an interference removal section, a blank silicone section, and a blockage section. The packing section has a length of 82-92 mm and an average particle size of 0.3-0.8 mm. The preparation method of the packing includes the following steps: S1. Add silica gel to a solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain filler A; S2. Take filler A and add it to chromium sulfate solution and mix evenly, then dry it at high temperature to obtain filler B; S3. Mix filler A and filler B, then add them to potassium sulfate solution and mix evenly. Finally, dry them at high temperature to obtain the filler. The indicator gel segment is 50-65mm long, and the preparation method of the indicator gel includes the following steps: S1. Add silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain the indicator gel semi-finished product; S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid is added to the indicator gel semi-finished product, and the product is dried at high temperature to obtain the indicator gel. The interference-free section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 3-8 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium includes the following steps: S1. Add silica gel to chromium trioxide solution and mix evenly, then dry at high temperature to obtain modified silica gel; S2. Add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silicone for sealing treatment.

2. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of silica gel to a solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1:(0.5-1.5), wherein the concentration of potassium dichromate in the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1-1.5 wt%, and the concentration of chromium sulfate is 0.3-0.5 wt%.

3. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of packing A to packing B is 1:(0.5-1.5).

4. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of potassium iodate in the solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid is 0.05-0.15 wt%, the concentration of selenium dioxide is 0.2-0.5 wt%, and the concentration of chloroplatinic acid is 0.01-0.05 wt%.

5. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide, and chloroplatinic acid is (1-5):

1.

6. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of silica gel to chromium trioxide solution is (1-5):1, wherein the concentration of chromium trioxide solution is 2-5 wt%.

7. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silica gel particles in the blank silica gel section have a particle size of 60-80 mesh and a length of 5-15 mm.

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