Method for interplanting saussurea lappa and tartary buckwheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting Yunnan wood and buckwheat, which belongs to the technical field of agriculture and comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a planting field: selecting a sandy loam field with the altitude of 2700-3100 meters and the pH value of the soil not higher than 7; s2, soil preparation: applying 1500-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu in combination with deep ploughing, and drying the land in the sun after ploughing; shallow ploughing is carried out again before the saussurea costus is sown, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with 2-3 kg of fine soil to be applied per mu before shallow ploughing, 30 kg of compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 15 to 15 to 15 is applied per mu, and then ditching and ridging are carried out; s3, planting the saussurea lappa in a seed dibbling mode from April to May in a punching and mulching film covering mode, the planting space is 25 * 25cm, and 1-2 saussurea lappa seeds are dibbled in each hole; s4, sowing tartary buckwheat in the ditches in July of the next year in the current year of sowing the Yunnan wood. According to the method, by means of interplanting of the caesalpinia tonkinensis and the buckwheat, the crop yield can be increased, the morbidity of root rot of the caesalpinia tonkinensis is reduced, and the incidence rate of aphids, cercididae, short-amount locusts and cutworms is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a method for intercropping osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat. Background Art

[0002] Aucklandia costus (Aucklandia costus Falc.) is a tall perennial herb in the Asteraceae family, reaching up to 2 meters in height. It has a thick taproot and an erect, ridged stem. Its inflorescence heads are solitary at the stem or branch ends, clustered in dense, fascicular corymbs. Its small flowers are dark purple, and its achenes are light brown and triangular. It blooms and bears fruit in July. It is widely cultivated in Lijiang, Diqing, Dali, and Nujiang in northwestern Yunnan, with a long history of cultivation. It is a traditional medicinal herb of Yunnan. Aucklandia costus thrives under strong basal fertilizers and prefers cool, humid climates. Its roots are used medicinally to strengthen the spleen and stomach, regulate qi and relieve depression, relieve pain, and stabilize pregnancy. It is a traditional Chinese medicine included in all editions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Aucklandia costus takes 2-3 years to cultivate.

[0003] Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Polygonaceae family. It has an erect, branched stem and a racemose inflorescence with white or light red, oval corolla and calyx, and a short style. The achenes are oblong, with sharp upper ridges and blunt lower ridges. Flowering occurs from June to September, and fruiting occurs from August to October. The name "tartary buckwheat" comes from the ancient Yi text "A Brief History of the Origin of Buckwheat," which states: "Before the five grains appeared, buckwheat appeared first. Buckwheat was used as food, and the five grains began to grow from then on." Buckwheat originates from the high-altitude cold regions of southwestern China. It is now cultivated in the mountainous regions of Northeast, North, Northwest, and Southwest China, and is also distributed throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Buckwheat thrives in slightly acidic soils with intact, fertile soil structure, good water storage, good permeability, and a high concentration of organic matter. It thrives best at high altitudes, low latitudes, and environments with large temperature swings at night. Seed propagation is the primary method of growth. Buckwheat can be harvested approximately three months after planting.

[0004] Both Aucklandia sinensis and Tartary Buckwheat are cultivated in high-altitude areas, but they are grown separately and rarely intercropped. Intercropping Aucklandia sinensis and Tartary Buckwheat is an effective way to address the non-agricultural and non-grain use of land in high-altitude mountainous areas and an important way for local residents to increase their income. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for intercropping osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a method for intercropping fennel and buckwheat, comprising the following steps: S1. Planting site selection: Choose a sandy loam field with good drainage, rich in organic matter, good soil permeability, and good water and fertilizer retention, with a soil pH value no higher than 7, at an altitude of 2700-3100 meters. S2, land preparation: Combine deep plowing with 1500-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and dry the land after plowing. Before sowing Aucklandia sinensis, shallow plowing should be carried out again. Before shallow plowing, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 2-3 kg of fine soil should be applied per mu. Then 30 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 should be applied per mu, and then furrows and ridges should be formed. S3, planting Aquilaria sinensis seeds in April and May, using a perforated mulch covering method, with a row spacing of 25*25 cm, and sowing 1-2 Aquilaria sinensis seeds in each hole; S4, in July of the same year when the cyperus rotundus was sown, tartary buckwheat was sown in the ditch; S5, sow the osmanthus fragrans in July of the following year, and sow buckwheat in the ditch.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step S2, furrows and ridges are dug, with a ridge width of 1.0 m, a furrow width of 0.8 m, a ridge height of 15 cm, a ridge surface leveled, and the ridge direction consistent with the slope direction, and then a perforated ground film with a width of 1.2 m is used to cover the box surface for standby use.

[0008] Furthermore, in the step S4, weeds in the ditch are cleared before sowing, 1000 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu as base fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate is applied per mu and mixed with buckwheat seeds before sowing, and the buckwheat is harvested, dried and threshed in early October.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S5, weeds in the ditch are cleared before sowing, 1200 kg of farmyard manure + 20 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 is applied per mu as base fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate is applied per mu and mixed with buckwheat seeds before sowing, and the buckwheat is harvested, dried, and threshed in early October.

[0010] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention can at least achieve the following beneficial effects: intercropping of osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat can increase crop yield, reduce the incidence of osmanthus fragrans root rot, and reduce the incidence of aphids, silver moths, short-headed locusts, and cutworms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Unless otherwise stated, all materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available.

[0012] Example 1 A method for intercropping osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat, comprising the following steps: S1. Planting site selection: Choose a sandy loam field with good drainage, rich organic matter, good soil permeability and water and fertilizer retention, and a soil pH value no higher than 7 at an altitude of 2700-3100 meters. S2, land preparation: Combine deep plowing with 1700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and sun-dry the land after plowing; shallow plowing is performed before sowing the Aucklandia odorifera. Before shallow plowing, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 2.5 kg of fine soil is applied per mu for broadcasting. 30 kg of compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 is applied per mu. Then, furrows are dug and ridges are formed, with a ridge width of 1.0 m, a furrow width of 0.8 m, and a ridge height of 15 cm. The ridge surface is leveled, with the ridge direction consistent with the slope direction. Then, a 1.2 m wide perforated mulch film is used to cover the ground for later use; S3, planting Aquilaria sinensis seeds in April and May, using a perforated mulch covering method, with a plant spacing of 25*25 cm, and two Aquilaria sinensis seeds per hole; S4. Sowing of the ylang-ylang tree: In July of the same year, tartary buckwheat was sown in a ditch 0.8 meters wide. Weeds in the ditch were cleared before sowing. 1000 kg of farmyard manure was applied per mu as base fertilizer. 15-20 kg of superphosphate was mixed with the buckwheat seeds per mu and then sown. The buckwheat was harvested, dried, and threshed in early October. S5. Sow the osmanthus fragrans. In July of the following year, sow buckwheat in a ditch with a width of 0.8 meters. Clear the weeds in the ditch before sowing. Apply 1200 kg of farmyard manure + 20 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer. Apply 17 kg of superphosphate per mu and mix it with buckwheat seeds before sowing. Harvest, dry and thresh the buckwheat in early October.

[0013] Example 2 A method for intercropping osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat, comprising the following steps: S1. Planting site selection: Choose a sandy loam field with good drainage, rich organic matter, good soil permeability and water and fertilizer retention, and a soil pH value no higher than 7 at an altitude of 2700-3100 meters. S2, land preparation: Combine deep plowing with 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and sun-dry the land after plowing; shallow plowing is performed before sowing the Aucklandia odorifera. Before shallow plowing, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 2 kg of fine soil is applied per mu for broadcasting. 30 kg of compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 is applied per mu. Then, furrows are dug and ridges are formed, with a ridge width of 1.0 m, a furrow width of 0.8 m, and a ridge height of 15 cm. The ridge surface is leveled, with the ridge direction consistent with the slope direction. Then, a 1.2 m wide perforated mulch film is used to cover the ground for later use; S3, planting Aquilaria sinensis seeds in April and May, using a perforated mulch film covering, with a plant spacing of 25*25 cm, and sowing one Aquilaria sinensis seed in each hole; S4. Sowing of the ylang-ylang tree: In July of the same year, tartary buckwheat was sown in a ditch 0.8 meters wide. Weeds in the ditch were cleared before sowing. 1000 kg of farmyard manure was applied per mu as base fertilizer. 15 kg of superphosphate was applied per mu and mixed with the buckwheat seeds before sowing. The buckwheat was harvested, dried, and threshed in early October. S5. Sow the osmanthus fragrans. In July of the following year, sow buckwheat in a ditch with a width of 0.8 meters. Clear the weeds in the ditch before sowing. Apply 1200 kg of farmyard manure + 20 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer. Apply 15 kg of superphosphate per mu and mix it with buckwheat seeds before sowing. Harvest, dry and thresh the buckwheat in early October.

[0014] Example 3 A method for intercropping osmanthus fragrans and buckwheat, comprising the following steps: S1. Planting site selection: Choose a sandy loam field with good drainage, rich organic matter, good soil permeability and water and fertilizer retention, and a soil pH value no higher than 7 at an altitude of 2700-3100 meters. S2, land preparation: Combine deep plowing with application of 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and sun-dry the land after plowing; shallow plowing is performed again before sowing the Aucklandia odorifera. Before shallow plowing, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 3 kg of fine soil is applied per mu for broadcasting. 30 kg of compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 is then applied per mu. Furrows are then dug and ridges are formed, with a ridge width of 1.0 m, a furrow width of 0.8 m, and a ridge height of 15 cm. The ridge surface is leveled, with the ridge direction consistent with the slope direction. Then, a 1.2 m wide perforated mulch is applied to the ground for later use. S3, planting Aquilaria sinensis seeds in April and May, using a perforated mulch covering method, with a plant spacing of 25*25 cm, and two Aquilaria sinensis seeds per hole; S4. Sowing of the ylang-ylang tree: In July of the same year, tartary buckwheat was sown in a ditch 0.8 meters wide. Weeds in the ditch were cleared before sowing. 1000 kg of farmyard manure was applied per mu as base fertilizer. 15-20 kg of superphosphate was mixed with the buckwheat seeds per mu and then sown. The buckwheat was harvested, dried, and threshed in early October. S5. Sow the osmanthus fragrans in July of the following year, and sow buckwheat in a ditch with a width of 0.8 meters. Clear the weeds in the ditch before sowing. Apply 1200 kg of farmyard manure + 20 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer. Apply 20 kg of superphosphate per mu and mix it with buckwheat seeds before sowing. Harvest, dry and thresh the buckwheat in early October.

[0015] Planting trials 1. Test results on the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis The experimental design of the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis is as follows: (1) In the same planting area, a planting area of ​​1 mu of Aucklandia sinensis was selected, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis was observed and recorded from the planting period. The observed diseases and insect pests were mainly root rot, silver moth, short-headed locust, and cutworm, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis was calculated; (2) A planting area of ​​1 mu was selected in the intercropping area of ​​Aucklandia sinensis and buckwheat, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis was observed and recorded from the planting period. The observed diseases and insect pests were mainly root rot, silver moth, short-headed locust, and cutworm, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis was calculated; Table 1 Comparison of yields between intercropping of Aucklandia lappa and Tartary Buckwheat and traditional planting of Aucklandia lappa and Tartary Buckwheat Table 2 Effects of different bed widths on yield of intercropping Aucklandia lappa and Tartary Buckwheat Through comparative tests of different box widths of Aucklandia lappa and buckwheat (0.5:0.5, 1.5:0.5, 1.0:0.8, 1.0:1.0), as shown in Table 2, the present invention preferably uses a planting pattern with a box width of 1.0 meter for Aucklandia lappa and a box width of 0.8 meter for buckwheat. The fresh yield of Aucklandia lappa can reach 2435.84 kg, and that of buckwheat can reach 100.79 kg.

[0016] Table 3 Experimental study on the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia sinensis (Aucklandia sinensis plantation) Table 4. Experimental study on the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Aucklandia lappa (Aucklandia lappa and buckwheat intercropping sites) 2. Test and results on incidence of diseases and insect pests of tartary buckwheat The experimental design of the incidence of buckwheat pests and diseases is as follows: (1) In the same planting area, a 1-mu tartary buckwheat planting area was selected, and the occurrence of buckwheat pests and diseases was observed and recorded from the planting period. The main pests and diseases observed were buckwheat damping-off disease, buckwheat leaf blight, aphids, and cutworms, and the incidence of buckwheat pests and diseases was calculated; (2) A 1-mu planting area was selected in the intercropping area of ​​​​Aquilaria sinensis and buckwheat, and the occurrence of buckwheat pests and diseases was observed and recorded from the planting period. The main pests and diseases observed were buckwheat damping-off disease, buckwheat leaf blight, aphids, and cutworms, and the incidence of buckwheat pests and diseases was calculated; Table 5 Experiment on the incidence of diseases and insect pests of tartary buckwheat (Yunmuxiang planting area) Table 6 Incidence of diseases and insect pests in buckwheat (in the intercropping area of ​​Aucklandia lappa and buckwheat) Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping Ficus microcarpa and buckwheat, characterized by: The following steps are included: S1. Planting site selection: Choose a sandy loam field with good drainage, rich in organic matter, good soil permeability, and good water and fertilizer retention, with a soil pH value no higher than 7, at an altitude of 2700-3100 meters. S2, land preparation: Combine deep plowing with 1500-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and dry the land after plowing. Before sowing Aucklandia sinensis, shallow plowing should be carried out again. Before shallow plowing, 75 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 2-3 kg of fine soil should be applied per mu. Then 30 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 should be applied per mu, and then furrows and ridges should be formed. S3, planting Aquilaria sinensis seeds in April and May, using a perforated mulch covering method, with a row spacing of 25*25 cm, and sowing 1-2 Aquilaria sinensis seeds in each hole; S4, in July of the same year when the cyperus rotundus was sown, tartary buckwheat was sown in the ditch; S5, sow the osmanthus fragrans in July of the following year, and sow buckwheat in the ditch.

2. The intercropping method of Ficus microcarpa and buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, furrows and ridges are dug, with a ridge width of 1.0 m, a furrow width of 0.8 m, a ridge height of 15 cm, and a leveled ridge surface. The ridge direction is consistent with the slope direction, and then a perforated ground film with a width of 1.2 m is used to cover the box surface for later use.

3. The intercropping method of Ficus microcarpa and buckwheat according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S4, weeds in the ditch are cleared before sowing, 1000 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu as base fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate is applied per mu and mixed with buckwheat seeds before sowing, and the buckwheat is harvested, dried and threshed in early October.

4. The intercropping method of Ficus microcarpa and buckwheat according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S5, weeds in the ditch are cleared before sowing, 1200 kg of farmyard manure + 20 kg of compound fertilizer with N:P:K=15:15:15 is applied per mu as base fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate is applied per mu and mixed with buckwheat seeds before sowing, and the buckwheat is harvested, dried, and threshed in early October.

Images