Machining equipment and machining method for special-shaped through groove

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of combined machining of through grooves, in particular to machining equipment and a machining method for a special-shaped through groove. The invention provides special-shaped through groove machining equipment. The special-shaped through groove machining equipment comprises a machine tool base; the positioning detection assembly is used for circumferentially fixing the annular thin wall part; and the air pressure dynamic supporting assembly comprises a plurality of supporting sub-assemblies annularly distributed on the peripheral face of the annular thin wall part, and each supporting sub-assembly comprises elastic supporting plates which elastically abut against the peripheral face of the annular thin wall part and correspond to the stepped grooves in position in a one-to-one mode. The width of an elastic supporting plate is preset according to the longitudinal width of a stepped groove, a second electromagnetic valve controls an air source to inflate an elastic bag during milling, the supporting force is increased along with the milling progress, and a dynamic air pressure sensor monitors that air pressure reaches a preset value and stops; during grinding, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are opened at the same time, supporting force is maintained through'air inlet-air outlet 'dynamic balance, airflow radiates heat through the elastic supporting plate to enable the temperature of a grinding area to be appropriate, and workpiece materials are prevented from being softened and deformed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combined processing of through slots, and in particular to processing equipment and a processing method for special-shaped through slots. Background Art

[0002] As modern manufacturing rapidly develops toward high precision and high efficiency, the requirements for component accuracy and performance in the field of mechanical processing continue to rise. The production of annular profiled grooves is a critical step in the internal hole machining process and is widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts such as special seals, connectors, and transmission components. These annular profiled grooves not only perform important functions such as sealing, connection, and transmission, but their machining accuracy also directly affects the assembly quality and overall performance of the part.

[0003] However, the processing of special-shaped grooves in annular thin-walled workpieces faces many technical challenges. This type of workpiece structure exhibits the characteristic of "thin wall and hollow". On the one hand, in terms of processing process control, traditional support devices mostly use fixed air pressure or hydraulic support methods, which cannot dynamically adjust the support force according to the change in the wall thickness of the annular workpiece; when the wall thickness of the workpiece is thinner, the fixed support force is either insufficient, resulting in cutting vibration, or too large, causing reverse indentation, making it difficult to effectively control the deformation of the workpiece. On the other hand, in terms of tool wear monitoring, traditional equipment relies on manual regular tool changes or offline roughness detection to determine the tool status, and lacks real-time monitoring capabilities. It is impossible to distinguish between progressive tool wear and sudden chipping in time. When tool wear causes increased cutting force, the deformation of the thin-walled area continues to accumulate until the roughness changes significantly. The problem is not discovered until the problem is discovered. At this time, many workpieces have been scrapped due to out-of-tolerance, resulting in low processing efficiency and increased production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problems in the prior art of being unable to dynamically adjust the supporting force according to the change of the wall thickness of the annular workpiece and lacking the ability to monitor tool wear in real time by providing a processing device and a processing method for a special-shaped through groove.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a processing device for a special-shaped through groove, which mills the inner wall of an annular thin-walled portion of a workpiece to be processed into an inner wall special-shaped groove, wherein the inner wall special-shaped groove has stepped grooves distributed up and down. The processing device includes:

[0007] Machine tool base;

[0008] Positioning detection components to circumferentially fix the annular thin-walled portion;

[0009] A pneumatic dynamic support assembly includes a plurality of support subassemblies annularly distributed on the outer circumference of the annular thin-walled portion, wherein the support subassemblies include elastic support plates elastically abutting against the outer circumference of the annular thin-walled portion and corresponding one-to-one to the positions of the stepped grooves, and the support force exerted by the elastic support plates on the annular thin-walled portion is proportional to the wall thickness of the annular thin-walled portion at the stepped grooves;

[0010] The milling spindle telescopic mechanism is arranged above the machine tool base;

[0011] The milling assembly and the grinding assembly are both arranged at the lower end of the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism, and are used to mill and grind the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part in sequence. The milling assembly and the grinding assembly both include a radially driven processing wear monitoring assembly, which is used to monitor the milling and grinding resistance in real time and alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds the set threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the positioning detection assembly includes a circumferential positioning roller arranged in the radial direction of the annular thin-walled portion and a telescopic driving member for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller. The positioning detection assembly has multiple components and is staggered with the pneumatic dynamic support assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the pneumatic dynamic support component includes a support frame arranged in the radial direction of the elastic support plate, a dynamic compensation elastic bag is airtightly fixed between the elastic support plate and the support frame, the dynamic compensation elastic bag is connected to an air source device through an air intake pipe passing through the support frame, a first solenoid valve is installed on the dynamic compensation elastic bag, a second solenoid valve is installed on the air intake pipe, and a dynamic air pressure sensor is fixed in the dynamic compensation elastic bag, which monitors the air pressure in the dynamic compensation elastic bag in real time and feeds back to the control system.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component arranged at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism, which is used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion before processing the annular thin-walled portion, and the inner wall protrusion detection component includes a hole tube that can move radially along the annular thin-walled portion, and the upper end of the hole tube is airtightly rotatably connected to a moving tube, and the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism is fixed with a limit frame, and both sides of the moving tube are respectively fixed with an electromagnetic adsorption pair and a first elastic member on the inner wall of the limit frame, and a distance sensor is fixed to one side of the moving tube, and the distance sensor is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system, and the upper end of the moving tube is connected to a debris adsorption device through a pipeline.

[0015] Furthermore, the machining wear monitoring assembly includes a moving frame coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism, arc-shaped guide rods are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the moving frame, an airtight sliding sleeve is provided on the arc-shaped guide rod, and a pneumatic elastic support bag is airtightly fixed between one side of the sliding sleeve and the moving frame;

[0016] A first cylinder is air-tightly fixed to the outer wall of one side of the moving frame, an air outlet hole connecting the air pressure elastic support bag and the first cylinder is opened in the moving frame, a wear trigger piston is air-tightly slidably connected in the first cylinder, a second elastic member is fixed between the wear trigger piston and the moving frame, a contact switch is fixed to the inner wall of the first cylinder, the contact switch is electrically connected to the alarm device, and an air inlet hole is opened on the outer surface of the first cylinder near the air outlet hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism is the same as the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve toward the pneumatic elastic support bag.

[0018] Furthermore, a second cylinder is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder and in an airtight fixed cover at the air inlet; a displacement feedback piston is airtightly and slidingly connected to the second cylinder; a vent hole communicating with the outside is provided in the second cylinder; a resistor block is fixed to the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston; a resistor plate that maintains contact with the resistor block is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder; the resistor block and the resistor plate are electrically connected to the alarm device through an electromagnetic relay.

[0019] A method for processing a special-shaped through groove includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. The workpiece to be processed is placed on the upper surface of the machine base, and the annular thin-walled portion is fixed circumferentially by positioning the detection assembly so that the annular thin-walled portion coincides with the axis of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism;

[0021] S2. Under the joint action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion is milled to form a special-shaped groove on the inner wall. The elastic support plate in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process.

[0022] Among them, during the processing of the workpiece to be processed, the processing wear monitoring component monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time, and alarms when the grinding resistance exceeds the threshold.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The width of the elastic support plate is preset according to the longitudinal width of the stepped groove. During milling, the second solenoid valve controls the air source to inflate the elastic bag, increasing the supporting force as the milling progresses. The dynamic air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure and stops when it reaches the preset value. During grinding, the first and second solenoid valves are opened simultaneously to maintain the supporting force through the dynamic balance of "intake and exhaust". The airflow dissipates heat through the elastic support plate, keeping the grinding area at an appropriate temperature and preventing the workpiece material from softening and deforming.

[0025] 2. The inner wall protrusion detection component, the milling component and the grinding component are placed in the workpiece to be processed through the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism. The electromagnetic adsorption pair is energized to generate electromagnetic adsorption force to overcome the resistance of the first elastic member until the hole tube is in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece to be processed. During the rotation process, the hole tube is always in rolling contact with the inner wall of the workpiece to be processed. The distance sensor monitors the distance change in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control system in real time. When the distance change value of the distance sensor exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is a defect. The controller controls the alarm device to sound an alarm to avoid processing the defective workpiece and wasting resources.

[0026] 3. When the milling and grinding components squeeze the sliding sleeve to allow the air in the air pressure elastic support bag to enter the second cylinder through the air outlet and air inlet, the displacement feedback piston is pushed to drive the resistance block to slide on the resistance plate. When the resistance value drops to the lower threshold, the electromagnetic relay is energized to trigger the alarm, thereby realizing an alarm for the progressive mechanical wear of the tool due to the operation, in which the overall roughness continues to rise slowly. If the resistance increases instantaneously, the amount of air entering the first cylinder through the air outlet far exceeds the amount entering the second cylinder through the air inlet, pushing the wear triggering piston to press the contact switch to turn on the alarm device, thereby realizing an alarm for the overall roughness change indicating severe wear / chipping of the tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 An enlarged view of the pneumatic dynamic support assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A top view of the pneumatic dynamic support assembly and the positioning detection assembly in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the inner wall protrusion detection component in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a front view of the machining wear monitoring component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 An enlarged view of the machining wear monitoring component in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0035] Figure numerals: 100, workpiece to be machined; 101, annular thin-walled portion; 102, inner wall special-shaped groove; 1, machine tool base; 2, positioning detection assembly; 21, circumferential positioning roller; 22, telescopic drive member; 3, pneumatic dynamic support assembly; 31, elastic support plate; 32, support frame; 33, dynamic compensation elastic bag; 34, first solenoid valve; 35, air inlet pipe; 36, second solenoid valve; 37, dynamic air pressure sensor; 4, milling spindle telescopic mechanism; 5, inner wall protrusion detection assembly; 51, hole tube; 52, moving Tube; 53. Electromagnetic adsorption pair; 54. First elastic member; 55. Distance sensor; 56. Debris adsorption device; 6. Processing wear monitoring assembly; 61. Moving frame; 62. Arc guide rod; 63. Sliding sleeve; 64. Pneumatic elastic support bag; 65. Air outlet; 66. First cylinder; 67. Wear trigger piston; 68. Second elastic member; 69. Second cylinder; 610. Air vent; 611. Displacement feedback piston; 612. Contact switch; 613. Resistor block; 614. Resistor plate; 615. Air inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to better understand the present technical solution, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0037] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 7 , a special-shaped through-groove processing equipment, the processing equipment mills the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 of the workpiece 100 to form an inner wall special-shaped groove 102, the inner wall special-shaped groove 102 has a stepped groove distributed up and down, refer to Figure 1 The cross section of the inner wall special-shaped groove 102 is special-shaped, and can also be other groove shapes.

[0038] This processing equipment can perform milling and grinding on the annular thin-walled portion 101 in sequence, and includes a machine tool base 1 and a positioning detection assembly 2 arranged above the machine tool base 1, which is used to circumferentially fix the annular thin-walled portion 101. Specifically, referring to the figure, the machine tool base 1 positioning detection assembly 2 includes a circumferential positioning roller 21 arranged in the radial direction of the annular thin-walled portion 101 and a telescopic drive member 22 for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller 21. The positioning detection assembly 2 has multiple and annular array distributions, and the positioning detection assembly 2 and the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 are staggered. During milling and grinding, the cutting force is unevenly distributed along the circumference (such as the difference in cutting resistance in different depth areas during step groove processing). The staggered distribution of the positioning detection assembly 2 and the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 can form a cross-balance between the clamping force of the circumferential positioning roller 21 and the supporting force of the elastic support plate 31, avoiding local stress overload caused by the traditional same-orientation arrangement. The utilization rate of the circumferential annular space of the workpiece 100 to be processed is maximized.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The pneumatic dynamic support component 3 includes a plurality of support sub-components distributed in an annular manner on the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion 101. Specifically, the support sub-components are staggered with the positioning detection component 2. More specifically, the support sub-components include an elastic support plate 31 that elastically resists the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion 101 and corresponds to the position of the step groove. Since a standardized model is formed first, a plurality of elastic support plates 31 are pre-set, and the supporting force of the elastic support plate 31 on the annular thin-walled portion 101 is proportional to the wall thickness of the step groove of the annular thin-walled portion 101. The proportional relationship is monitored by the dynamic air pressure sensor 37 to monitor the wall thickness change and feedback to the control system, which is controlled by the first solenoid valve 34 and the second solenoid valve 36. This is achieved by adjusting the air pressure within the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33. The pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 includes a support frame 32 radially disposed on an elastic support plate 31. The dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 is airtightly secured between the elastic support plate 31 and the support frame 32. The dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 is connected to an air source device via an air inlet pipe 35 extending through the support frame 32. The air source device comprises an air pump, piping, and other components typically used in the prior art. A first solenoid valve 34 is mounted on the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33, and a second solenoid valve 36 is mounted on the air inlet pipe 35. A dynamic air pressure sensor 37 is fixedly mounted within the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33. The dynamic air pressure sensor 37 monitors the air pressure within the dynamic compensation elastic bladder 33 in real time and provides feedback to the control system. Based on the air pressure data collected by the dynamic air pressure sensor 37, the control system uses a PID algorithm to adjust the openings of the first and second solenoid valves 34, 36, so that the support force F and the wall thickness d satisfy the equation F = k·d (k is a preset proportional coefficient between 0.5 and 1.0 N / mm).

[0040] The dynamic compensation sac 33 of the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 forms a flexible support unit with the elastic support plate 31. When the milling assembly cuts into the inner wall of the workpiece, reducing the wall thickness, the dynamic air pressure sensor 37 collects the pressure changes in the dynamic compensation sac 33 caused by the workpiece deformation in real time. This signal is transmitted to the PLC control system, which calculates the required air pressure compensation value through a proportional-integral algorithm. This controls the first and second solenoid valves 34 and 36 to adjust the air intake so that the support force F and the wall thickness d satisfy F = k·d (k is a preset proportional coefficient, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 N / mm). For example, when the wall thickness decreases from 3 mm to 1.5 mm, the air pressure increases linearly from 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa, ensuring that the support force increases simultaneously with the decrease in rigidity, effectively offsetting the deformation caused by cutting forces.

[0041] The milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4 is arranged above the machine tool base 1; the milling component and the grinding component are both arranged at the lower end of the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4, and are used to successively mill and grind the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101. The milling component and the grinding component both include a radially driven machining wear monitoring component 6, and the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4 includes a servo motor for driving the milling component and the grinding component to rotate and a ball screw mechanism for axial feed; the milling component and the grinding component are connected to the moving frame 61 through a radial slide, and the radial feed is achieved by the radial driving mechanism of the machining wear monitoring component 6, which is not shown in the figure. It is a prior art and will not be described here.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The processing equipment also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component 5 arranged at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4, which is used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 before processing the annular thin-walled portion 101. The inner wall protrusion detection component 5 includes a hole tube 51 that can move radially along the annular thin-walled portion 101. The upper end of the hole tube 51 is airtightly connected to a moving tube 52. The lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 is fixed with a limit frame. The two sides of the moving tube 52 are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the limit frame with an electromagnetic adsorption pair 53 and a first elastic member 54. The electromagnetic adsorption pair 53 consists of two The movable tube 52 is composed of a pair of relatively arranged electromagnets, which generate radial adsorption force (suction force ≥ 5N) when energized, overcoming the resistance of the first elastic member 54 so that the hole tube 51 contacts the inner wall of the workpiece; a distance sensor 55 is fixed on one side of the movable tube 52, and the distance sensor 55 uses a laser displacement sensor (model IL-600). The distance sensor 55 is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system. The upper end of the movable tube 52 is connected to a debris adsorption device 56 through a pipeline. The debris adsorption device 56 has a built-in dust collector for sucking in debris generated by milling and grinding.

[0043] Reference Figures 6 and 7 The machining wear monitoring component 6 is used to monitor the milling and grinding resistance in real time, and to alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds the set threshold. On the one hand, the machining wear monitoring component 6 includes a moving frame 61 coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4, and an arc-shaped guide rod 62 is fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the moving frame 61. An airtight sliding sleeve is provided on the arc-shaped guide rod 62, and an airtight sliding sleeve 63 is provided on one side of the sliding sleeve 63. An air pressure elastic support bag 64 is airtightly fixed between the moving frame 61 and one side of the sliding sleeve 63. A first cylinder 66 is airtightly fixed to the outer wall of one side of the moving frame 61, and an air outlet 65 connecting the air pressure elastic support bag 64 and the first cylinder 66 is provided in the moving frame 61. A wear trigger piston 67 is airtightly slidably connected in the first cylinder 66, and a second elastic member 68 is fixed between the wear trigger piston 67 and the moving frame 61. A contact switch 612 is fixed on the inner wall of the first cylinder 66, and the contact switch 612 is electrically connected to the alarm device. The first cylinder 66 is provided with an air inlet 615 on the outer surface near the air outlet 65.

[0044] Furthermore, to detect tool chipping, the following configuration is implemented: a second cylinder 69 is airtightly fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the first cylinder 66 at the air inlet 615. A displacement feedback piston 611 is airtightly and slidably connected to the interior of the second cylinder 69. A vent 610 communicating with the outside is provided within the second cylinder 69. A resistor block 613 is fixed to the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston 611. A resistor plate 614, which maintains contact with the resistor block 613, is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder 69. The resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 are electrically connected to an alarm device via an electromagnetic relay. Wear monitoring is based on the fact that the rotation direction of the milling spindle extension mechanism 4 is the same as the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve 63 toward the pneumatic elastic support capsule 64, thereby sensing resistance.

[0045] The air pressure elastic support bag 64 and the sliding sleeve 63 of the processing wear monitoring component 6 constitute resistance sensing: progressive wear monitoring: when the resistance slowly increases due to normal wear of the tool, the sliding sleeve 63 squeezes the air pressure elastic support bag 64, and the gas enters the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65. At the same time, the gas enters the second cylinder 69 through the air inlet 615, pushing the displacement feedback piston 611 to cause the contact resistance between the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 to drop sharply, and the electromagnetic relay is attracted to trigger the alarm device to sound and light alarm; sudden chipping alarm: when the tool chipping causes a sudden increase in resistance, the gas in the air pressure elastic support bag 64 quickly rushes into the first cylinder 66, overcomes the elastic force of the second elastic member 68, pushes the wear triggering piston 67 to instantly contact the switch 612, and turns on the alarm device to sound and light alarm.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for processing a special-shaped through groove, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Reference Figure 1, align the workpiece 100 to be processed and place it on the upper surface of the machine tool base 1. Before the workpiece 100 to be processed is placed on the upper surface of the machine tool base 1, the positioning detection component 2, the inner wall protrusion detection component 5, the milling component and the grinding component are all in a position where they do not interfere with the placement of the workpiece 100 to be processed. The annular thin-walled portion 101 is circumferentially fixed by the positioning detection component 2 so that the annular thin-walled portion 101 coincides with the axis of the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4; the inner wall protrusion detection component 5, the milling component and the grinding component are placed in the workpiece 100 to be processed by the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4, and the hole tube 51 and the moving tube 52 are pulled away from the inner wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed by the first elastic member 54, and then the electromagnetic adsorption is performed. The pair 53 is energized to generate an electromagnetic attraction force to overcome the resistance of the first elastic member 54 until the orifice tube 51 contacts the inner wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 drives the inner wall protrusion detection assembly 5 to rotate one circle. During the rotation process, the orifice tube 51 is always in rolling contact with the inner wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed. The distance sensor 55 monitors the distance change in real time. The distance sensor 55 transmits the distance signal to the control system in real time. When the distance change value of the distance sensor 55 exceeds the threshold, it indicates that there is a defect. The controller controls the alarm device to alarm. If it does not exceed the threshold, it indicates that there is no defect. The alarm device will not alarm. Then the electromagnetic attraction pair 53 is powered off, so that the first elastic member 54 is reset under the elastic force.

[0048] S2. Under the joint action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101 is milled to form an inner wall special-shaped groove 102. The elastic support plate 31 in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly 3 gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process. The milling spindle telescopic mechanism 4 successively drives the milling assembly and the grinding assembly to process the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion 101. It should be noted that the longitudinal width of each step groove in the inner wall special-shaped groove 102 is different. In order to perform pneumatic dynamic support on the step grooves at different positions, the longitudinal width of the elastic support plate 31 is pre-set. During the milling of the step grooves at the corresponding positions, the elastic support plate 31 first contacts the outer wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed, and then the second solenoid valve 36 is opened. As the milling operation proceeds, the air source device inflates the dynamic compensation elastic bag 33 through the air inlet pipe 35, thereby gradually increasing the air pressure thrust on the elastic support plate 31, thereby gradually increasing the elastic support plate 31. The supporting force of the step groove is dynamically compensated, and the dynamic air pressure sensor 37 monitors the internal air pressure of the dynamic compensation elastic bag 33 in real time, and stops when the air pressure value reaches a preset value. The cross-sectional width of the step groove is proportional to the preset air pressure value. When the grinding operation is performed later, the second solenoid valve 36 and the first solenoid valve 34 are opened at the same time, and air is continuously inflated into the dynamic compensation elastic bag 33 through the air inlet pipe 35 and exhausted through the first solenoid valve 34, so as to form a dynamic balance of the air pressure supporting force on the step groove. The heat generated by grinding is transmitted to the dynamic compensation elastic bag 33 through the elastic support plate 31. The air intake and ventilation are more conducive to cooling the workpiece 100 to be processed, and play an additional cooling effect. The second solenoid valve 36 maintains a constant exhaust volume, and maintains the supporting force through the "intake-exhaust" dynamic balance. At the same time, the air flow dissipates heat to the processing area through the micropores of the elastic support plate 31, so that the temperature of the grinding area is controlled within an appropriate temperature range, thereby avoiding softening and deformation of the material of the workpiece 100 to be processed.

[0049] The positioning detection component 2 and the support sub-component are staggered and evenly distributed to effectively support the outer wall of the workpiece 100 to be processed. Figure 3 ;

[0050] Among them, during the processing of the workpiece 100 to be processed, the processing wear monitoring component 6 monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time, and alarms when the grinding resistance exceeds the threshold value. The milling component and the grinding component are both arranged at the lower end of the sliding sleeve 63. When milling and grinding are performed through the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism 4, a rotational resistance toward the air pressure elastic support bag 64 will be generated due to the milling and grinding resistance. There are two common situations in the scenarios of milling and grinding. The first situation is the gradual mechanical wear of the tool due to the operation, in which the overall roughness continues to rise slowly. The second situation is that the amplitude of the overall roughness change indicates that the tool is severely worn / chipped. In the first situation, although the tool inevitably wears during use, the milling and grinding resistance gradually increases, and the milling component and the grinding component passively squeeze the air pressure elastic support bag 64 through the sliding sleeve 63, thereby gradually reducing the air pressure in the elastic support bag 64 and pressing it into the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65, and then through The air inlet 615 enters the second cylinder 69, pushing the displacement feedback piston 611 to move toward the vent 610. The displacement feedback piston 611 simultaneously drives the resistor block 613 on the resistor plate 614. The resistance value of the circuit where the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 are located gradually decreases, but the electromagnetic contacts in the electromagnetic relay cannot be attracted due to the relatively small current in the circuit. Until the resistance value of the circuit where the resistor block 613 and the resistor plate 614 are located reaches the lower limit threshold, the current of the electromagnetic relay also reaches the threshold and is attracted, thereby turning on the alarm device to alarm, reminding the staff to deal with it in time; and in the second situation, the milling and grinding resistance will increase instantaneously, causing the amount of air entering the first cylinder 66 through the air outlet 65 to be much greater than the amount of air entering the second cylinder 69 through the air inlet 615, and overcoming the elastic force of the second elastic member 68 to push the wear triggering piston 67 to move and press the contact switch 612, turning on the alarm device to alarm, reminding the staff to deal with it in time.

[0051] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0052] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A processing device for a special-shaped through groove, wherein the processing device mills the inner wall of an annular thin-walled portion (101) of a workpiece (100) to be processed into an inner wall special-shaped groove (102), wherein the inner wall special-shaped groove (102) has stepped grooves distributed up and down, and is characterized in that: The processing equipment includes: Machine tool base (1); A positioning detection component (2) is used to circumferentially fix the annular thin-walled portion (101); A pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) includes a plurality of support subassemblies annularly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion (101), wherein the support subassembly includes an elastic support plate (31) elastically abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the annular thin-walled portion (101) and corresponding one-to-one to the position of the step groove, and the support force of the elastic support plate (31) on the annular thin-walled portion (101) is proportional to the wall thickness of the annular thin-walled portion (101) at the step groove; A milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is arranged above the machine tool base (1); The milling assembly and the grinding assembly are both arranged at the lower end of the milling and grinding spindle telescopic mechanism (4), and are used for milling and grinding the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion (101) in sequence. The milling assembly and the grinding assembly both include a radially driven machining wear monitoring assembly (6), and the machining wear monitoring assembly (6) is used for real-time monitoring of milling and grinding resistance, and alarming when the grinding resistance exceeds a set threshold.

2. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning detection assembly (2) comprises a circumferential positioning roller (21) arranged in the radial direction of the annular thin-walled portion (101) and a telescopic driving member (22) for telescopically driving the circumferential positioning roller (21). The positioning detection assembly (2) has a plurality of components and is staggered with the pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3).

3. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) comprises a support frame (32) arranged in the radial direction of the elastic support plate (31); a dynamic compensation elastic bag (33) is airtightly fixed between the elastic support plate (31) and the support frame (32); the dynamic compensation elastic bag (33) is connected to an air source device via an air intake pipe (35) penetrating the support frame (32); a first electromagnetic valve (34) is installed on the dynamic compensation elastic bag (33); a second electromagnetic valve (36) is installed on the air intake pipe (35); a dynamic air pressure sensor (37) is fixedly arranged in the dynamic compensation elastic bag (33); the dynamic air pressure sensor (37) monitors the air pressure in the dynamic compensation elastic bag (33) in real time and feeds back to the control system.

4. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an inner wall protrusion detection component (5) arranged at the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4), which is used to detect the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion (101) before processing the annular thin-walled portion (101), the inner wall protrusion detection component (5) includes a hole tube (51) that can move radially along the annular thin-walled portion (101), the upper end of the hole tube (51) is connected to a moving tube (52) in an airtight rotation manner, the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is fixed with a limit frame, and both sides of the moving tube (52) are respectively fixed with an electromagnetic adsorption pair (53) and a first elastic member (54) to the inner wall of the limit frame, one side of the moving tube (52) is fixed with a distance sensor (55), the distance sensor (55) is electrically connected to an alarm device and a control system, and the upper end of the moving tube (52) is connected to a debris adsorption device (56) through a pipeline.

5. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machining wear monitoring assembly (6) comprises a moving frame (61) coaxially fixed to the lower end of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4), arc-shaped guide rods (62) are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the moving frame (61), a sliding sleeve (63) is provided on the airtight sliding sleeve of the arc-shaped guide rod (62), and a pneumatic elastic support bag (64) is airtightly fixed between one side of the sliding sleeve (63) and the moving frame (61); A first cylinder (66) is airtightly fixed to the outer wall of one side of the moving frame (61); an air outlet (65) is provided in the moving frame (61) to connect the air pressure elastic support bag (64) and the first cylinder (66); a wear trigger piston (67) is airtightly slidably connected in the first cylinder (66); a second elastic member (68) is fixed between the wear trigger piston (67) and the moving frame (61); a contact switch (612) is fixed to the inner wall of the first cylinder (66); the contact switch (612) is electrically connected to the alarm device; and an air inlet (615) is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder (66) near the air outlet (65).

6. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) is the same as the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve (63) toward the pneumatic elastic support bag (64).

7. The processing equipment for special-shaped through grooves according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second cylinder (69) is provided on the outer surface of the first cylinder (66) and at the air inlet (615) in an airtight fixed cover. A displacement feedback piston (611) is airtightly slidably connected to the inside of the second cylinder (69). A vent (610) communicating with the outside is provided in the second cylinder (69). A resistor block (613) is fixed to the outer wall of the displacement feedback piston (611). A resistor plate (614) in contact with the resistor block (613) is embedded in the inner wall of the second cylinder (69). The resistor block (613) and the resistor plate (614) are electrically connected to the alarm device via an electromagnetic relay.

8. A method for processing a special-shaped through groove according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The workpiece (100) to be processed is centered on the upper surface of the machine tool base (1), and the annular thin-walled portion (101) is circumferentially fixed by the positioning detection component (2) so that the annular thin-walled portion (101) coincides with the axis of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4); S2. Under the joint action of the milling spindle telescopic mechanism (4) and the milling assembly, the inner wall of the annular thin-walled portion (101) is milled to form an inner wall special-shaped groove (102), and the elastic support plate (31) in the pneumatic dynamic support assembly (3) gradually increases the pneumatic support force during the milling process and maintains the pneumatic support force during the grinding process; During the machining process of the workpiece (100), the machining wear monitoring component (6) monitors the milling and grinding resistance in real time and issues an alarm when the grinding resistance exceeds a threshold value.

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