Method for promoting macadimia nut branch cow dung compost to quickly form humus

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting macadimia nut branch cow dung compost to quickly form humus, which comprises the following steps: S1, crushing macadimia nut branches into particles, and pretreating the particles for later use; airing the cow dung until the water content is 50-60% for later use; s2, mixing the pretreated macadimia nut branch particles with the aired cow dung according to the mass ratio of 7: 3 to form a main material, adding a photolysis catalyst accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the main material, and naturally fermenting the main material for 3-5 days after mixing; and S3, mixing 100 parts by weight of the main material with 0.5-0.8 part by weight of the complex microbial inoculant, stacking the main material on a fermentation device, and fermenting for 20-25 days in an environment with sufficient illumination to obtain a compost finished product. Compared with the prior art, the technical problem that the fermentation time of humus is long due to the fact that macadimia nut branch lignin is difficult to fully and efficiently decompose in the prior art is solved through innovative designs such as raw material pretreatment, light-microorganism concerted catalysis, complex microbial inoculant synergism and fermentation device optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and in particular relates to a method for promoting rapid formation of humus from macadamia nut branch and cow dung compost. Background Art

[0002] Humus is a special type of organic matter in the soil, formed by the microbial decomposition and transformation of plant and animal residues. It plays a vital role in improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, and maintaining ecosystem balance. Humus not only provides abundant nutrients for plant growth, including macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various trace elements, but also improves the soil's physical properties, enhancing its ability to retain water and fertilizer, and promoting the formation of soil aggregates. This improves soil aeration and water permeability, thus facilitating the growth and respiration of plant roots.

[0003] Traditional humus production methods rely primarily on natural composting and some industrialized composting processes. Natural composting typically involves simply piling organic waste, such as crop straw and livestock manure, in an open field, where natural microorganisms gradually decompose these materials over a long period of time, transforming them into humus. While this method is relatively inexpensive, it has significant drawbacks. The composting cycle is extremely long, often requiring several months or even more than a year, and is susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, resulting in low humus production efficiency and unstable quality. Industrialized composting processes offer some improvements over natural composting by controlling the temperature, humidity, and ventilation of the composting environment and introducing specific microbial agents to accelerate the decomposition and conversion of organic waste. However, it still faces numerous challenges. For one thing, the high investment and operating costs of industrial composting equipment limit its large-scale promotion. For another, for some organic wastes with special structures, such as those with high lignin content, the degradation effect of traditional industrial composting methods remains unsatisfactory.

[0004] As a nut crop with high economic value, the macadamia nut planting industry is developing rapidly, and accordingly, the by-product of macadamia nut branches is also growing in size. Macadamia nut branches have certain unique advantages. Their woody tissue is relatively dense and rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and a large amount of lignin. If the technical bottleneck can be successfully overcome to convert them into humus, it will open up broad prospects for the resource utilization of agricultural waste. First, from the perspective of resource recycling, it can significantly reduce the environmental pollution caused by the burning or careless discarding of macadamia nut branches, realizing the "waste to treasure" and converting waste into a valuable soil conditioner; secondly, the generated humus can be used in agricultural production to improve soil fertility, providing high-quality fertilizer for the macadamia nut industry and surrounding crop planting, and promoting the sustainable development of the industry; thirdly, due to the woody characteristics of macadamia nut branches themselves, the converted humus is expected to have better durability and improvement effects in the soil, and can maintain the soil in good condition for a longer period of time compared to ordinary crop straw compost products.

[0005] Unfortunately, macadamia branches are not often used as raw materials in existing humus production processes. This is mainly due to the many technical difficulties brought about by their own structural characteristics. The lignin content of macadamia branches is usually as high as 25% or more. Lignin has a highly complex and stable chemical structure, composed of phenylpropane units connected by ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds. This structure makes it difficult for microorganisms to directly attach and effectively decompose it, resulting in an extremely slow degradation process. Conventional microbial agents and composting conditions have difficulty breaking through the stubborn barrier of lignin, and humus fermentation takes a long time. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches, mainly to solve the technical problem that the existing technology is difficult to fully and efficiently utilize the lignin of macadamia nut branches, resulting in a long fermentation time of humus.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from macadamia nut branch cow dung composting, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: crushing macadamia nut branches into granules and pre-treating the granules for later use; air-drying cow dung to a moisture content of 50% to 60% for later use;

[0010] S2: Pre-treated macadamia nut granules and sun-dried cow dung are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to form a main ingredient, a photodecomposition catalyst is added at 0.8% by mass of the main ingredient, and the main ingredient is naturally fermented for 3 to 5 days after mixing;

[0011] S3: In parts by weight, 100 parts of the main material are mixed with 0.5-0.8 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and then the main material is piled on a fermentation device and fermented for 20-25 days in an environment with sufficient light to obtain a finished compost; during the fermentation process, the compost is manually turned over once every 3-5 days.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the particles are pretreated by mixing the particles with a 0.1% NaOH solution at a weight ratio of 1:3 to 5, soaking for 5 hours, then rinsing with clean water until neutral, and filtering the particles to dryness.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the photodecomposition catalyst comprises 0.6 to 0.7 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate and 0.1 to 0.2 parts of Fe2O3 powder.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the composite bacterial agent includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces, and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0015] Preferably, the fermentation device includes a collecting box, a mesh is fixed on the top of the collecting box, a geotextile is laid on the mesh, a bottom plate is provided on the geotextile, the bottom plate is detachably connected to the top of the collecting box, and a plurality of air holes are provided on the bottom plate; ventilation holes are provided on the upper side of the collecting box; the main material is accumulated above the bottom plate, and the leachate generated during the composting process enters the collecting box.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, a humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity of the main material in real time during the fermentation process, and when the humidity of the main material is less than 50%, a water replenishing liquid is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the main material is stacked in a cone shape, and a temperature monitoring device is provided to monitor the temperature of the pile. When the internal temperature of the pile exceeds 70°C, the pile is turned over and cooled. When the internal temperature of the pile is lower than 40°C, water replenishment liquid is sprayed, and the replenishment amount is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

[0018] Preferably, the water replenishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% to 30% of leachate, 2% of molasses, 8% of potassium phosphate, and 60% to 65% of water.

[0019] Preferably, the leachate and sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 100:15, filtered and then used to prepare the water replenishing liquid.

[0020] Preferably, the macadamia nut branches are crushed into particles with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] Technical benefits

[0023] 1. The method provided by the present invention for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches achieves a significant shortening of the composting cycle (only 23 to 30 days) and efficient generation of humus through innovative designs such as raw material pretreatment, light-microbial synergistic catalysis, composite bacterial agent synergy, and fermentation device optimization. This solves the technical problem that the existing technology is difficult to fully and efficiently produce macadamia nut branch lignin, resulting in a long humus fermentation time.

[0024] 2. The scheme uses a low-concentration 0.1% NaOH solution to soak macadamia nut branch particles. The alkaline environment destroys the ester bond connection between lignin and hemicellulose, exposing the lignin molecular chain and increasing the specific surface area by more than 30% (traditional composting untreated lignin only exposes about 10%). This directly weakens the stubborn cross-linked structure of lignin, creating a physical and chemical basis for subsequent microbial and photocatalytic decomposition, thereby shortening the fermentation cycle.

[0025] 3. Calcium lignin sulfonate acts as a photosensitizer, generating reactive oxygen species (·OH, O2-, etc.) under light to attack the benzene ring structure of lignin; Fe2O3 further oxidizes the lignin side chains through the photocatalytic Fenton reaction, breaking down the macromolecules into low-molecular phenolic substances, pre-treating the main material to facilitate the subsequent addition of microbial agents for fermentation, further shortening the fermentation cycle of humus.

[0026] 4. Streptomyces secretes lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase to specifically decompose pretreated lignin fragments; Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria accelerate cellulose degradation and humic acid precursor synthesis, respectively, forming a complete metabolic chain of "oxidative cleavage-enzymatic hydrolysis-polymerization", ensuring the rapid and stable fermentation and decomposition process.

[0027] 5. The water replenisher utilizes the leachate produced during the fermentation process to replenish the organic acids needed for humification and also increases the moisture content of the pile. Molasses provides a quick-acting carbon source, activating microbial metabolism and raising the reaction temperature of the pile. Potassium phosphate adjusts the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio, promotes the proliferation of actinomycetes, and accelerates compost maturation. Sawdust mixed with the leachate absorbs impurities and odors, preventing any impact on the compost quality after spraying.

[0028] 6. The fermentation device provides support for the entire pile. The mesh supports the geotextile, which prevents fertilizer from leaking into the collection box. The base plate facilitates turning the pile, preventing damage to the geotextile from contact with tools during turning. During use, the pile can be vented from the bottom through the several air holes in the base plate. The ventilation holes also provide oxygen to the pile, preventing oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the pile that could affect the fermentation process. Leachate from the fermentation process can also enter the collection box through the air holes, facilitating its collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0030] Figure 1 This is an exploded diagram of the fermentation device structure of a method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches in the patented invention.

[0031] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: collection box 1, ventilation hole 11, drainage pipe 12, mesh 2, geotextile 3, bottom plate 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "top surface", "bottom surface", "inside", "outside", "inside", "outside" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "many" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used solely for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features. They are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or as implicitly specifying the number or order of the technical features indicated.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] A method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from macadamia nut branch cow dung composting, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1: Crush macadamia nut branches into particles with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm, and mix the particles with a 0.1% NaOH solution at a weight ratio of 1:3. After soaking for 5 hours, rinse with clean water until neutral, filter the particles and dry them for later use; air-dry cow dung to a moisture content of between 50% and 60% (the cow dung can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water) and set aside;

[0039] S2: 70 parts by weight of pretreated macadamia nut granules and 30 parts by weight of sun-dried cow dung were mixed to form a main ingredient, and a photodecomposition catalyst (0.8 parts by weight of the main ingredient) was added. After mixing, the main ingredients were naturally fermented for 3 days; the photodecomposition catalyst comprised 0.7 parts by weight of calcium lignin sulfonate and 0.1 parts by weight of Fe2O3 powder.

[0040] S3: In parts by weight, 100 parts of the main material are mixed with 0.5 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and then the main material is piled on a fermentation device and fermented for 20 days in an environment with sufficient light to obtain a finished compost; during the fermentation process, the compost is manually stirred once every 3 days.

[0041] The composite bacterial agent is a humic acid bacterial agent purchased from Handan Woqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., including the following mass percentages of bacteria: 50% Bacillus subtilis, 30% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10% Streptomyces, 5% photosynthetic bacteria and 5% other functional bacteria, with a total viable count of ≥ 500 million CFU / g;

[0042] During the fermentation process, a humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity of the main material in real time. When the humidity of the main material is less than 50%, water replenishing liquid is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

[0043] The main material is stacked in a cone shape, and a temperature monitoring device is provided to monitor the temperature of the pile. The temperature monitoring device can select a wireless temperature sensor to cooperate with a data receiving terminal to monitor the temperature in real time. A probe is buried in the center of the pile, a probe is set in the middle of the side, and a probe is buried at the bottom to monitor the temperature at different positions of the pile. When the internal temperature of the pile exceeds 70°C, the pile is turned over and cooled. When the internal temperature of the pile is lower than 40°C, water liquid is sprayed, and the amount of replenishment sprayed is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

[0044] The water replenishing solution includes the following components in percentage by mass: 25% leachate, 2% molasses, 8% potassium phosphate, and 65% water.

[0045] The fermentation device is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes a collecting box 1, a mesh 2 is fixed on the top of the collecting box 1, a geotextile 3 is laid on the mesh 2, a bottom plate 4 is provided on the geotextile 3, the bottom plate 4 is detachably connected to the top of the collecting box 1, and a plurality of air holes are provided on the bottom plate 4; the main material is accumulated above the bottom plate 4, and the leachate generated during the composting process enters the collecting box 1; a ventilation hole 11 is provided on the upper side of the collecting box 1, and a drain pipe 12 is also provided at the bottom of one side of the collecting box 1 to discharge the collected leachate.

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0048] In step S1, the particles are mixed with a 0.1% NaOH solution in a weight ratio of 1:4;

[0049] The step S2 is naturally fermented for 4 days;

[0050] The weight portion of the composite bacterial agent in step S3 is 0.6 parts, and the fermentation is carried out for 23 days;

[0051] The photodecomposition catalyst is 0.6 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate and 0.2 parts of Fe2O3 powder;

[0052] The water replenishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of leachate, 2% of molasses, 8% of potassium phosphate, and 60% of water.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] Different from Example 1,

[0055] In step S1, the particles are mixed with a 0.1% NaOH solution in a weight ratio of 1:4;

[0056] The step S2 is naturally fermented for 5 days;

[0057] The weight portion of the composite bacterial agent in step S3 is 0.8 parts, and the fermentation in step S3 is carried out for 25 days, and the fermentation is manually stirred once every 5 days.

[0058] Comparative Example 1:

[0059] Different from Example 1, no photodecomposition catalyst was added.

[0060] Comparative Example 2:

[0061] Different from Example 1, the macadamia nut branch particles were not pretreated.

[0062] Comparative Example 3:

[0063] Different from Example 1, the macadamia nut branches were replaced by straw.

[0064] The composts prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were selected to test the humus content. The test method was based on the potassium dichromate oxidation method. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0065] Table 1:

[0066] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Humus content (g / kg) 210.56 215.87 230.55 170.23 115.33 136.58

[0067] According to the above table analysis:

[0068] 1. As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, under the same fermentation time, the compost obtained using the method of Example 1 has a higher humus content, proving that the photodecomposition catalyst and particle pretreatment are both essential and key steps;

[0069] 2. From the data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that because the macadamia nut branches have a high lignin content and the method of Example 1 can effectively decompose lignin, the lignin degradation products (phenolic compounds) are important precursors of humic acid, so the humus content obtained in the compost of Example 1 is relatively high;

[0070] The composts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 were selected for humus content testing. The test method was based on the potassium dichromate oxidation method. The test time was from the 20th day of fermentation. The humus content in the compost was measured on the 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, and 40th day, respectively. The test results are recorded in the following table:

[0071] Table 2:

[0072]

[0073] According to Table 2, we can see that:

[0074] 1. If the humus content of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is to reach 200 g / kg or more, fermentation is required for 25 days, 40 days, and more than 40 days, respectively. This proves that the technical solution of Example 1 can greatly shorten the compost maturation period and maintain a high humus content in the compost.

[0075] 2. According to the data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that under the same fermentation process, the use of macadamia branches can greatly increase the humus content in the compost.

[0076] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can make modifications, substitutions, variations and various different selections and changes to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention after reading this specification, but they are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: crushing macadamia nut branches into granules and pre-treating the granules for later use; air-drying cow dung to a moisture content of 50% to 60% for later use; S2: Pre-treated macadamia nut granules and sun-dried cow dung are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 to form a main ingredient, a photodecomposition catalyst is added at 0.8% by mass of the main ingredient, and the main ingredient is naturally fermented for 3 to 5 days after mixing; S3: In parts by weight, 100 parts of the main material are mixed with 0.5-0.8 parts of the composite bacterial agent, and then the main material is piled on a fermentation device and fermented for 20-25 days in an environment with sufficient light to obtain a finished compost; during the fermentation process, the compost is manually turned over once every 3-5 days.

2. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the particles are pretreated by mixing the particles with a 0.1% NaOH solution at a weight ratio of 1:3 to 5, soaking for 5 hours, then rinsing with clean water until neutral, and filtering the particles to dryness.

3. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the photodecomposition catalyst includes 0.6-0.7 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate and 0.1-0.2 parts of Fe2O3 powder.

4. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the composite bacterial agent includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces, and photosynthetic bacteria.

5. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation device includes a collecting box, a mesh is fixed on the top of the collecting box, a geotextile is laid on the mesh, a bottom plate is provided on the geotextile, the bottom plate is detachably connected to the top of the collecting box, and a plurality of air holes are opened on the bottom plate; ventilation holes are opened on the upper side of the collecting box; the main material is accumulated above the bottom plate, and the leachate generated during the composting process enters the collecting box.

6. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the humidity of the main material is monitored in real time using a humidity sensor during the fermentation process. When the humidity of the main material is less than 50%, a water replenishing liquid is sprayed, and the spraying amount is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

7. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the main material is stacked in a cone shape, and a temperature monitoring device is set to monitor the temperature of the pile. When the internal temperature of the pile exceeds 70°C, the pile is turned over and cooled. When the internal temperature of the pile is lower than 40°C, water replenishment liquid is sprayed, and the replenishment amount is 5% of the total mass of the main material.

8. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water replenishing liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% to 30% of leachate, 2% of molasses, 8% of potassium phosphate, and 60% to 65% of water.

9. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia nut branches according to claim 8, characterized in that: The leachate and sawdust were mixed in a weight ratio of 100:15, filtered, and then used to prepare the water replenishing liquid.

10. The method for promoting the rapid formation of humus from cow dung composting of macadamia branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushed macadamia nut branches have a particle size of 0.5 to 1 cm.

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