Method and apparatus for resource configuration and selection for environmental internet of things devices

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for handling resource configuration and selection of environmental Internet of Things devices in a wireless communication system, in which a method of a user equipment includes receiving a page for an environmental Internet of Things, the paging indicates at least one or more identifications of the plurality of user equipments and at least one configuration related to the plurality of contention-free radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identifications comprise an identification of the user equipment; in response to receiving the paging, selecting a first radio resource from a plurality of contention-free radio resources; and performing the first transmission using the first radio resource.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 557,419 filed on February 23, 2024, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 557,426 filed on February 23, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 563,305 filed on March 8, 2024; each of the cited and identified applications and publications therein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for handling resource configuration and selection of Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) devices in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0004] With the rapidly growing demand for transferring large amounts of data to and from mobile communication devices, traditional mobile voice communication networks have evolved into networks that use Internet Protocol (IP) data packets. This IP packet communication can provide IP-based voice, multimedia, multicast, and on-demand communication services to users of mobile communication devices.

[0005] An exemplary network architecture is the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The E-UTRAN system can provide high data throughput to enable the aforementioned IP-based voice and multimedia services. Currently, the 3GPP standards organization is discussing next-generation (e.g., 5G) new air interface technologies. Consequently, changes to the current body of 3GPP standards are being submitted and considered to evolve and complete the 3GPP standards. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Provided are methods, systems, and devices for handling resource configuration and selection for ambient IoT (Ambient Internet of Things) devices in a wireless communication system. Transmissions can be performed for ambient IoT user equipment (UE) to implement lightweight signaling procedures and reduce signaling overhead. The ambient IoT UE can transmit and receive data and / or signaling using appropriate resources. Multiple ambient IoT UEs can receive a single message to trigger a transmission and acquire appropriate resources to perform the transmission.

[0007] In various embodiments, a method of a UE includes: receiving a paging for an ambient IoT, the paging indicating at least one or more identifications (IDs) of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontentionable radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identifications include an identification of the UE; in response to receiving the paging, selecting a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontentionable radio resources; and performing a first transmission using the first radio resource.

[0008] In various embodiments, a method of a reader includes: transmitting a paging for ambient IoT, wherein the paging indicates at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identifications include an ID of the UE; and receiving a first transmission from the UE via a first radio resource among the plurality of uncontention radio resources in response to the paging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 A diagram showing a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter system (also referred to as an access network) and a receiver system (also referred to as a user equipment or UE) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 4 According to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 Functional block diagram of the program code;

[0013] Figure 5 It is in 3GPP TR 38.848V18.0.0(2023-09) Figure 4 .2.1.1-1: Reproduction of topology 1;

[0014] Figure 6 It is in 3GPP TR 38.848V18.0.0(2023-09) Figure 4 .2.1.2-1: Reproduction of topology 2;

[0015] Figure 7 is an example flow chart illustrating an environment in which an IoT UE may need to perform one or more steps to perform UL transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 8is a flowchart of a method for a first UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising determining or deriving (at least) a first configuration by a first method, wherein the first configuration is determined or derived by a second UE by a second method, or is not determined or derived by the second method;

[0017] Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method of a network node in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising configuring a first UE with (at least) a first configuration by a first method, and / or configuring a second UE with (at least) the first configuration by a second method;

[0018] Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method for a first UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising performing a resource selection step and performing transmission or reception without at least a first configuration, wherein a second UE requires the first configuration to perform transmission or reception;

[0019] Figure 11 is a flowchart of a method of a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising receiving a paging for an ambient IoT, the paging indicating at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include an ID of the UE; in response to receiving the paging, selecting a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontention radio resources; and performing a first transmission using the first radio resource;

[0020] Figure 12 is a flowchart of a method of a reader in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising transmitting a paging for an ambient IoT, wherein the paging indicates at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include an ID of the UE; and in response to the paging, receiving a first transmission from the UE via a first radio resource among the plurality of uncontention radio resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention described herein may be applied to or implemented in the exemplary wireless communication systems and devices described below. Furthermore, the present invention is primarily described in the context of the 3GPP architecture reference model. However, it should be understood that, given the disclosed information, one skilled in the art can readily adapt and utilize various aspects of the present invention in the 3GPP2 network architecture as well as other network architectures.

[0022] The exemplary wireless communication systems and devices described below employ wireless communication systems that support broadcast services. Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communications, such as voice, data, etc. These systems can be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access, 3GPP Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), 3GPP New Radio (NR), or some other modulation technologies.

[0023] Specifically, the exemplary wireless communication systems and devices described below can be designed to support one or more standards, such as those provided by an association named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" referred to herein as 3GPP, including: [1] RP-234058, "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR"; [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09) 3GPP; TSG RAN; Study on Ambient IoT in RAN (Release 18); [3] 3GPP TS 38.321 V18.0.0 (2024-01) 3GPP; TSG RAN; NR; MAC Protocol Specification (Release 18); [4] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.0.0 (2024-01) 3GPP; TSG RAN; NR; RRC protocol specification (Release 18); and [5] 3GPP TS 38.214 V18.1.0 (2023-12) 3GPP; TSG RAN; NR; Physical layer procedures for data (Release 18). The standards and documents listed above are hereby expressly and completely incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0024] Figure 11 shows a multiple access wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. An access network 100 (AN) includes multiple antenna groups, one group includes 104 and 106, another group includes 108 and 110, and an additional group includes 112 and 114. Figure 1 In the figure, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group; however, each antenna group may utilize more or fewer antennas. Access terminal (AT) 116 communicates with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to access terminal 116 via forward link 120 and receive information from AT 116 via reverse link 118. AT 122 communicates with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to AT 122 via forward link 126 and receive information from AT 122 via reverse link 124. In an FDD system, communication links 118, 120, 124, and 126 may utilize different frequencies for communication. For example, forward link 120 may utilize a different frequency than that utilized by reverse link 118.

[0025] Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of the access network. In an embodiment, the antenna groups are each designed to communicate with access terminals in a sector of the area covered by the access network 100.

[0026] In communications over forward links 120 and 126, the transmit antennas of access network 100 may utilize beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the forward links for the different access terminals 116 and 122. Also, an access network that uses beamforming to transmit to access terminals randomly dispersed throughout the coverage area of ​​the access network typically causes less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than an access network that transmits to all of its access terminals via a single antenna.

[0027] An AN may be a fixed station or base station for communicating with terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B, base station, enhanced base station, eNodeB, or some other term. An AT may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, a terminal, an access terminal, or some other term.

[0028] Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram of an embodiment of a transmitter system 210 (also referred to as an access network) and a receiver system 250 (also referred to as an access terminal (AT) or user equipment (UE)) in a MIMO system 200. At the transmitter system 210, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214.

[0029] In one embodiment, each data stream is transmitted through a respective transmit antenna. TX data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.

[0030] The decoded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response. The multiplexed pilot and decoded data for each data stream are then modulated (e.g., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme selected for that data stream (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions executed by processor 230. Memory 232 is coupled to processor 230.

[0031] The modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to a TX MIMO processor 220, which may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 220 then converts the N T The modulation symbol stream is provided to N T transmitters (TMTR) 222a through 222t. In certain embodiments, TX MIMO processor 220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

[0032] Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (eg, amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. T The antennas 224a to 224t transmit N signals from transmitters 222a to 222t. T a modulated signal.

[0033] At the receiver system 250, N R The transmitted modulated signals are received by each antenna 252a through 252r and the received signal from each antenna 252 is provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 254a through 254r. Each receiver 254 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.

[0034] RX data processor 260 then extracts the N R The receiver 254 receives and processes N Rreceived symbol streams to provide N T The RX data processor 260 then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by the RX data processor 260 is complementary to that performed by the TX MIMO processor 220 and the TX data processor 214 at the transmitter system 210.

[0035] Processor 270 periodically determines which pre-coding matrix to use (discussed below). Processor 270 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

[0036] The reverse link message may include various types of information related to the communication link and / or the received data stream. The reverse link message is then processed by the TX data processor 238, modulated by the modulator 280, conditioned by the transmitters 254a through 254r, and transmitted back to the transmitter system 210, the TX data processor also receiving traffic data for a plurality of data streams from the data source 236.

[0037] At transmitter system 210, the modulated signal from receiver system 250 is received by antenna 224, conditioned by receiver 222, demodulated by demodulator 240, and processed by RX data processor 242 to extract the reverse link message transmitted by receiver system 250. Processor 230 then determines which precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weights and then processes the extracted message.

[0038] The memory 232 can be used to temporarily store some buffered / calculated data from 240 or 242 via the processor 230, store some buffered data from 212, or store some specific program codes. In addition, the memory 272 can be used to temporarily store some buffered / calculated data from 260 via the processor 270, store some buffered data from 236, or store some specific program codes.

[0039] Steering Figure 3 , this figure shows an alternative simplified functional block diagram of a communication device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown in FIG, the communication device 300 in the wireless communication system can be used to implement Figure 1UE (or AT) 116 and 122 in the communication device 300, and the wireless communication system is preferably an NR system. The communication device 300 may include an input device 302, an output device 304, a control circuit 306, a central processing unit (CPU) 308, a memory 310, a program code 312, and a transceiver 314. The control circuit 306 executes the program code 312 in the memory 310 through the CPU 308, thereby controlling the operation of the communication device 300. The communication device 300 can receive signals input by the user through the input device 302 (for example, a keyboard or keypad), and can output images and sounds through the output device 304 (for example, a monitor or speaker). The transceiver 314 is used to receive and transmit wireless signals, pass the received signals to the control circuit 306, and wirelessly output the signals generated by the control circuit 306.

[0040] Figure 4 According to one embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 3. A simplified block diagram of program code 312 is shown. In this embodiment, program code 312 includes an application layer 400, a layer 3 portion 402, and a layer 2 portion 404, coupled to a layer 1 portion 406. Layer 3 portion 402 generally performs radio resource control. Layer 2 portion 404 typically performs link control. Layer 1 portion 406 typically performs physical connectivity.

[0041] For LTE, LTE-A, or NR systems, Layer 2 portion 404 may include the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Layer 3 portion 402 may include the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer.

[0042] Any two or more of the following paragraphs, (sub)bullets, points, actions or claims described in each invention paragraph or section may be logically, reasonably and appropriately combined to form a particular method.

[0043] Any sentence, paragraph, (sub) bullet, key point, action or claim described in each of the following invention paragraphs or sections can be independently and individually implemented to form a specific method or device. Relevance such as "based on", "more specifically", "example" and the like in the following disclosure of the present invention is only one possible embodiment that does not limit a specific method or device.

[0044] The Ambient IoT research project was approved at the RAN#102 meeting. It is described in [1] RP-234058 as follows:

[0045] ******************************* Quote begins [1]*******************************

[0046] 3 reasons

[0047] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has garnered significant attention in the world of wireless communications. It's expected that more "things" will be interconnected to improve productivity and enhance comfort. Further reductions in the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices could enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billions of IoT devices for a variety of applications, providing added value across the entire value chain. Powering all IoT devices with batteries that require manual replacement or recharging is impossible, leading to high maintenance costs, serious environmental concerns, and even safety risks for some use cases (e.g., wireless sensors in the power and oil industries).

[0048] Most existing wireless communication devices are powered by batteries that require manual replacement or recharging. The automation and digitization of various industries are opening up new markets that require new IoT technologies that support battery-free devices without energy storage capabilities or devices with energy storage that do not require manual replacement or recharging. The form factor of such devices must be quite small to be effective in the target use cases.

[0049] TR 22.840 is being developed by SA1 to capture the use cases, business scenarios, device constraints, and identify new potential service requirements and new KPIs for ambient power-enabled IoT. SA1 is considering devices that are battery-free or have limited energy storage capabilities (i.e., using capacitors) and are powered by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that may be deemed suitable.

[0050] Given the limited size and complexity required for practical applications in battery-free devices with no energy storage capabilities or devices with limited energy storage that do not require manual replacement or recharging, energy harvesters typically have output powers ranging from 1 μW to several hundred μW. Existing cellular devices may not perform well with energy harvesting due to their peak power consumption exceeding 10 mW.

[0051] The example application in TR 22.840 is asset identification, which currently relies primarily on barcodes and RFID in most industries. The primary advantages of these two technologies are the tags' ultra-low complexity and small form factor. However, the limited read range of a few meters often requires either handheld scanning, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming, or RFID portals / gates, which lead to high deployment costs. Furthermore, the lack of interference management schemes leads to significant interference and capacity issues between RFID readers, especially in dense deployments. This makes it difficult for RFID to support large-scale, seamless coverage networks.

[0052] TSG RAN has completed the Rel-18 RAN-level SI on Ambient IoT, which provides a terminology and scope framework for future discussions on Ambient IoT. This has defined representative use cases, deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, Ambient IoT devices, design goals, and required functionality; it also conducted a preliminary feasibility assessment and made recommendations for further selection when setting the scope for another WG-level study.

[0053] Because existing technologies cannot meet all the requirements of the target use cases, new IoT technologies are recommended to open up new markets within the 3GPP system, with the number of connections and / or device density being orders of magnitude higher than existing 3GPP IoT technologies. New IoT technologies should offer orders of magnitude lower complexity and power consumption than existing 3GPP LPWA technologies (e.g., NB-IoT and eMTC), and should address use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be met based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technologies.

[0054] 4 goals

[0055] 4.1 Objectives of SI or Core WI or Test WI

[0056] The goal of this study is to further evaluate Ambient IoT (a new 3GPP IoT technology) at the RAN WG level, which is suitable for deployment in 3GPP systems that rely on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for very low-end IoT applications. The study should provide a clear distinction, i.e. address use cases and scenarios that cannot be otherwise met based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technologies (e.g. NB-IoT with reduced peak Tx power).

[0057] General range

[0058] The definitions provided in TR 38.848 are incorporated into this SI, and the following are the general scopes of exclusivity:

[0059] A. The overall goal should be to develop a harmonized air interface design with minimal differences (where necessary) to enable ambient IoT to enable the following devices:

[0060] i. ~1μW peak power consumption with energy storage and initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10 X ppm, there is neither DL nor UL amplifier in the device. The UL transmission of the device is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0061] ii. ≤ several hundred μW peak power consumption 1 , with energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10 X ppm, with DL and / or UL amplifiers in the device. The UL transmission of the device may be generated internally by the device or backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0062] ●X will be decided in WG.

[0063] ● Coverage design target: According to TR 38.848: “…the range within which a WG can be selected”, the maximum distance to indoor devices is 10-50m.

[0064] • For topologies 1 and 2 according to TR 38.848 (UE as an intermediate node under NW control), there is no RRC state, no mobility (ie at least no cell selection / reselection type functionality), no HARQ, no ARQ.

[0065] NOTE 1: It should be understood that “≤ several hundred μW” means that the WG is not responsible for setting a specific value, and the WG discussion will determine whether the presented design with the corresponding power consumption meets the “≤ several hundred μW” requirement.

[0066] B. Refer to the table in clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848 for deployment scenarios with the following characteristics:

[0067] ● Deployment scenario 1 with topology 1

[0068] ○ Base station and coexistence characteristics: micro cells, shared sites

[0069] ● Deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 and UE as intermediate node under network control

[0070] ○ Base station and coexistence characteristics: macro cell, co-site

[0071] ○The intermediate node is located indoors

[0072] C. FR1 licensed spectrum in FDD.

[0073] D. Spectrum deployment within the NR band, LTE / NR protection band, and independent frequency bands.

[0074] E. Business types DO-DTT, DT, with emphasis on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor commands).

[0075] ●From RAN#104, the study will evaluate whether the coordinated air interface design (as per bullet ‘A’ above) can address the DO-A (Device-Initiated Autonomous) use case, only to identify which part(s) of the coordinated air interface design (as per bullet ‘A’ above) is insufficient for the DO-A use case.

[0076] Transmissions from ambient IoT devices (including backscatter when used) may occur at least in the UL spectrum.

[0077] Set the following goals in general terms:

[0078] …

[0079] 2. Study necessary and feasible solutions for the IoT environment specified in the general scope, including decisions on which functions, processes, etc. are needed and not needed, and ensuring at least the required functions of Section 6.2 of TR 38.848.

[0080] Positioning studies in Rel-19 are RAN3-led and limited to features with no or minimal regulatory impact (Note: this does not imply any decision related to WI creation).

[0081] Study the feasibility and required functionality of proximity determination (privacy aspects need to be coordinated with SA3).

[0082] RAN1-led:

[0083] For ambient IoT DL and UL:

[0084] ○Frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access

[0085] ○ Basic parameters, bandwidth and multiple access

[0086] ○Waveform and modulation

[0087] ○Channel coding

[0088] ○ Downlink channel / signal aspects

[0089] ○ Uplink channel / signal aspects

[0090] ○Scheduling and timing relationship

[0091] ○ Study the necessary characteristics of the carrier waveform of the carrier provided externally to the ambient IoT device, including interference handling at the ambient IoT UL receiver and at the NR base station.

[0092] For topology 2, the physical layer design is no different from that of topology 1.

[0093] RAN2-led:

[0094] ○ Research and determine what features are needed for ambient IoT small protocol stacks and lightweight signaling processes to implement DO-DTT and DT data transmission, and study these features.

[0095] For example:

[0096] ■Paging

[0097] ■Random access

[0098] ■ Data transmission including necessary radio resource control aspects is subject to general scope restrictions

[0099] ******************************End of Quote******************************

[0100] A description of the IoT environment (e.g. regarding topology and assumptions) can be found in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0:

[0101] ****************************** Quote begins [2]********************************

[0102] 4.2.1 Connection Topology

[0103] 4.2.1.0 Introduction

[0104] For the purpose of this study, the following connection topologies for ambient IoT networks and devices are defined. In all of these topologies, ambient IoT devices can be provided with carriers from other nodes inside or outside the topology. Links in each topology can be bidirectional or unidirectional.

[0105] A base station, user equipment (UE), auxiliary node, or intermediate node can be multiple base stations or user equipment, respectively. A mix of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is considered a network implementation choice. The potential impact on device or node complexity needs to be considered. This does not imply the presence of multiple hops of auxiliary or intermediate nodes in the connectivity topology.

[0106] 4.2.1.1 Topology 1:

[0107] Figure 5 It is in 3GPP TR 38.848V18.0.0(2023-09) Figure 4 .2.1.1-1: Reproduction of topology 1.

[0108] In Topology 1, ambient IoT devices communicate directly and bidirectionally with a base station. Communications between the base station and the ambient IoT devices include ambient IoT data and / or signaling. This topology allows for the possibility that the base station transmitting to the ambient IoT device may be different from the base station receiving from the ambient IoT device.

[0109] 4.2.1.2 Topology 2:

[0110] Figure 6 It is in 3GPP TR 38.848V18.0.0(2023-09) Figure 4 .2.1.2-1: Reproduction of topology 2.

[0111] In Topology 2, ambient IoT devices communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. In this topology, the intermediate node can be an ambient IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, or the like. The intermediate node transfers ambient IoT data and / or signaling between the base station and the ambient IoT device.

[0112] ******************************Next quote******************************

[0113] 4.3 Device Classification

[0114] Ambient IoT devices in the study are characterized by their energy storage capacity and ability to generate RF signals for their transmissions.

[0115] The study considers the device to have any of the following:

[0116] - no energy storage at all; or

[0117] -Limited energy storage

[0118] Depending on these storage capacities, the study considers the following set of ambient IoT devices:

[0119] - Device A: no energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscatter transmission.

[0120] - Device B: with energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscatter transmission. The use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal.

[0121] - Device C: has energy storage, has independent signal generation, ie active RF components for transmission.

[0122] The limited energy storage may be different between implementations within device B or within device C, and may be different between device B and device C. This storage is expected to be orders of magnitude smaller than what NB-IoT devices typically include.

[0123] ******************************End of Quote*****************************

[0124] The current random access procedure is specified in [3] 3GPP TS 38.321 V18.0.0:

[0125] ****************************** Quote begins [3]*******************************

[0126] 5.1 Random Access Process

[0127] 5.1.3 Random Access Preamble Transmission

[0128] For each random access preamble, the MAC entity shall:

[0129] 1> If PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER is greater than one; and

[0130] …

[0131] 1> Calculate the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH opportunity where the random access preamble is transmitted, except for the contention-free random access preamble used for beam failure recovery request and the contention-free random access preamble triggered by the PDCCH order for the LTM candidate cell;

[0132] 1> Instructs the physical layer to transmit the random access preamble using the selected PRACH opportunity, the corresponding RA-RNTI (if available), PREAMBLE_INDEX and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.

[0133] 1> If the random access procedure is triggered by a PDCCH command for an LTM candidate cell:

[0134] 2> This random access process is considered completed.

[0135] …

[0136] 5.1.3a MSGA Transfer

[0137] For each MSGA, the MAC entity shall:

[0138] …

[0139] 1> If this is the first MSGA transmission within this random access procedure:

[0140] 2> If no transmission is performed for the CCCH logical channel:

[0141] 3> Indicate to the multiplexing and combining entity to include the C-RNTI MAC CE in subsequent uplink transmissions.

[0142] …

[0143] 2> Based on the HARQ information determined for the MSGA payload (see clause 5.1.2a), obtain the MAC PDU to be transmitted from the multiplexing and combining entity and store it in the MSGA buffer.

[0144] 1> Calculate the MSGB-RNTI associated with the PRACH opportunity in which the random access preamble is transmitted;

[0145] 1> instruct the physical layer to transmit MSGA using the associated PUSCH resources of the selected PRACH opportunity and MSGA (if the selected preamble and PRACH opportunity are mapped to valid PUSCH opportunities), using the corresponding RA-RNTI, MSGB-RNTI, PREAMBLE_INDEX, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER, msgA-PreambleReceivedTargetPower and the power ramp amount applied to the most recent MSGA preamble transmission (i.e., (PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER-1)×PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP);

[0146] ******************************End of Quote******************************

[0147] Some configurations related to paging are specified in [4] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.0.0:

[0148] ****************************** Quote begins [4]*******************************

[0149] -Paging

[0150] The paging message is used to notify one or more UEs.

[0151] …

[0152] Direction: Network to UE

[0153] Paging message

[0154]

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] ******************************End of Quote******************************

[0159] In [5] 3GPP TS 38.214 V18.1.0, sidelink resource allocation is specified:

[0160] *************************** Quote [5] begins ************************************

[0161] 8 Physical side link shared channel related processes

[0162] The UE may be configured with one or more sidelink resource pools by higher layers. A sidelink resource pool may be used for transmission of the PSSCH as described in clause 8.1 and / or transmission of the SL PRS as described in clause 8.2.4, or for reception of the PSSCH as described in clause 8.3 and / or reception of the SL PRS as described in clause 8.4.4, and may be associated with sidelink resource allocation mode 1 or sidelink resource allocation mode 2.

[0163] The side link resource pool that can be used for transmission of both SLPRS and PSSCH will be referred to as a shared SL PRS resource pool.

[0164] A sidelink resource pool that can be used for transmission of SLPRS but not for transmission of PSSCH will be referred to as a dedicated SLPRS resource pool.

[0165] …

[0166] The UE determines the set of logical time slots assigned to the sidelink resource pool as follows:

[0167] -Use the bitmap associated with the resource pool The length of the bitmap is L bitmap Configured by higher layers.

[0168] - If b k′=1, then the time slot belongs to the set where k′=k mod L bitmap .

[0169] - The slots in the set are re-indexed so that the remaining slots The subscript i is continuous {0,1,…,T′ max -1}, where T′ max is the number of time slots remaining in the set.

[0170] The UE determines the set of resource blocks assigned to the sidelink resource pool as follows:

[0171] -The resource block pool is composed of N PRB It consists of PRBs.

[0172] - If the higher layer parameter transmissionStructureForPSCCHandPSSCH is not provided or is set to 'contiguousRB', then subchannel m is composed of n subCHsize The number of physical resource blocks is n, where m = 0, 1, ..., numSubchannel-1. PRB =n subCHRBstart +m·n subCHsize +j, where j = 0, 1, ..., n subCHsize -1, where n subCHRBstart 、n subCHsize and numSubchannel are given by the higher layer parameters sl-StartRB-Subchannel, sl-SubchannelSize and sl-NumSubchannel respectively.

[0173] - If the higher layer parameter transmissionStructureForPSCCHandPSSCH is set to 'interlaceRB', then subchannel m consists of a set of numInterlacePerSubchannel consecutive interlaces, where m = 0, 1, ..., numSubchannel-1, where each interlace consists of at least 10 resource blocks, as defined in clause 4.4.4.6 of [TS 38.211]. Subchannel m is indexed per RB set and is indexed periodically across multiple RB sets within the resource pool. Subchannels with the same index are mapped to a set of numInterlacePerSubchannel interlaces with the same index in different RB sets. Subchannel #0 is mapped to interlace 0 to numInterlacePerSubchannel-1, subchannel #1 is mapped to interlaces numInterlacePerSubchannel to numInterlacePerSubchannel*2-1, and so on.

[0174] …

[0175] 8.1.2 Resource Allocation

[0176] In sidelink resource allocation mode 1:

[0177] - For PSSCH and PSCCH transmissions, dynamic grants, configured grant type 1 and configured grant type 2 are supported. Configured grant type 2 sidelink transmissions are semi-statically scheduled by SL grants in the valid activation DCI according to clause 10.2A of [TS 38.213].

[0178] 8.1.2.1 Resource Allocation in the Time Domain

[0179] The UE shall transmit the PSSCH in the same time slot as the associated PSCCH.

[0180] The smallest resource allocation unit in the time domain is a time slot.

[0181] …

[0182] In sidelink resource allocation mode 1:

[0183] -For sidelink dynamic grant, PSSCH transmission is scheduled by DCI format 3_0.

[0184] - For sidelink configured grant type 2, the configured grant is activated by DCI format 3_0.

[0185] - For Sidelink Dynamic Grant and Sidelink Configured Grant Type 2:

[0186] - The "Time Slot" field value m of DCI format 3_0 provides index m+1 into the slot offset table. The table is given by the higher layer parameter sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans, and the table value at index m+1 will be called the slot offset K SL .

[0187] - The time slot of the first sidelink transmission scheduled by DCI is the start of the corresponding resource pool no earlier than The first SL time slot, where T DL is the start time of the downlink timeslot carrying the corresponding DCI, T TA is the timing advance value of the TAG corresponding to the serving cell on which the DCI is received, and K SL is the time slot offset between the time slot of the DCI and the first sidelink transmission scheduled by the DCI, and T slot is the SL slot duration.

[0188] - The "Configuration Index" field of DCI format 3_0 (if provided and non-reserved) indicates the index of the sidelink configured type 2.

[0189] - For sidelink configured grant type 1:

[0190] - The timeslots of the first sidelink transmission follow the higher layer configuration according to [TS 38.321].

[0191] …

[0192] 8.1.4 UE procedure for determining the resource subset to be reported to higher layers in PSSCH resource selection in sidelink resource allocation mode 2

[0193] In resource allocation mode 2, higher layers may request the UE to determine a subset of resources from which they will select resources for PSSCH / PSCCH transmission of a carrier. To trigger this process, higher layers provide the following parameters for this PSSCH / PSCCH transmission in slot n for this carrier:

[0194] - the resource pool from which the resource will be reported;

[0195] -L1 priority prio TX ;

[0196] - Remaining packet delay budget;

[0197] -The number of subchannels L subCH :

[0198] …

[0199] When the resource pool is (pre-)configured with sl-AllowedResourceSelectionConfig containing full sensing and full sensing is configured in the UE by higher layers, the UE performs full sensing.

[0200] ****************************End of Quote [5]*********************************

[0201] In the 3GPP RAN1#116 meeting, there are some agreements on Ambient IoT.

[0202] For the purposes of this study, RAN1 uses the following terminology:

[0203] Device 1: ~1 μW peak power consumption, with energy storage, and initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10 X ppm, there is neither a downlink (DL) amplifier nor an uplink (UL) amplifier in the device. The UL transmission of the device is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0204] Device 2a: ≤ several hundred μW peak power consumption, with energy storage, initial SFO up to 10 X ppm, the device has DL and / or UL amplifiers in it. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0205] ● Device 2b: ≤ several hundred μW peak power consumption, with energy storage, initial SFO up to 10 X ppm, the device has DL and / or UL amplifiers. The UL transmission of the device is generated internally by the device.

[0206] From a RAN1 perspective, an A-IoT contention-based access procedure initiated by the reader is used, at least when responses are expected from multiple devices intended to be identified.

[0207] For the A-IoT contention-based access procedure, at least slotted ALOHA-based access has been studied.

[0208] For A-IoT reader to (ambient IoT) device (R2D) and (ambient IoT) device to reader (D2R) transmissions, at least the following time domain frame structures are studied.

[0209] ●For R2D transmission,

[0210] o An R2D timing acquisition signal (eg, an R2D preamble) is included for at least timing acquisition and for indicating the start of R2D transmission in the time domain.

[0211] ●For D2R transmission,

[0212] o A D2R timing acquisition signal (eg, a D2R preamble) is included for at least timing acquisition and for indicating the start of D2R transmission in the time domain.

[0213] ●Other necessary components are for further study (FFS), such as midamble, postamble, periodic synchronization signal, control field, and guard period.

[0214] For ambient IoT devices, a dedicated physical broadcast channel for R2D, such as the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), is not considered.

[0215] For ambient IoT devices, at least for R2D data transfer, a physical channel (Physical Reader (to Ambient IoT) Device Channel (PRDCH)) is studied.

[0216] • Transmit system information on PRDCH (if defined).

[0217] ● Whether / how to transmit control information on PRDCH is for further study.

[0218] ●Note: The nomenclature of PRDCH is used for research purposes.

[0219] For ambient IoT devices, at least for D2R data transfer, the physical channel (Physical (Ambient IoT) Device (to) Reader Channel (PDRCH)) is studied along with,

[0220] • Responses transmitted from the device to the reader during the contention-based access procedure are transmitted on the PDRCH.

[0221] ○For further study: Details of the response.

[0222] • Whether to transmit D2R control information on PDRCH (if defined) / how to transmit D2R control information on PDRCH (if defined) / what D2R control information to transmit on PDRCH (if defined) is for further study.

[0223] ●Note: The nomenclature of PDRCH is used for research purposes.

[0224] In recent years, there has been an expectation that more devices will be interconnected in a wirelessly connected world to improve productivity, efficiency, and enhance comfort. However, powering all IoT devices with batteries that require manual replacement or recharging leads to high maintenance costs, environmental concerns, and safety concerns in some use cases (e.g., wireless sensors in power systems). Further reductions in the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices will enable their deployment in a variety of applications (e.g., automated manufacturing, smart homes).

[0225] On the other hand, barcodes and radio frequency identification (RFID) have a limited read range of several meters, which typically requires handheld scanning. This results in labor-intensive and time-consuming operations. Moreover, the lack of interference management schemes leads to severe interference and capacity issues between RFID readers, especially in dense deployments. RFID struggles to support large-scale, seamless coverage networks. In contrast, research on ambient IoT investigates the feasibility of new IoT technologies within the 3GPP system.

[0226] Ambient IoT devices / user equipment (UE) will feature ultra-low complexity, extremely small device size, and a long lifecycle. They will have complexity and power consumption orders of magnitude lower than existing 3GPP low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies (e.g., narrowband (NB)-IoT, enhanced machine-type communications (eMTC)). Ambient IoT devices / UEs may or may not have energy storage. Energy for the Ambient IoT devices / UEs can be provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable power source. Energy and / or power can be provided once (e.g., unexpectedly or aperiodically), periodically, or continuously. In one embodiment, power / energy for the Ambient IoT devices / UEs can be provided by carriers from the network and / or intermediate nodes. In Topology 1, the Ambient IoT devices / UEs will communicate directly and bidirectionally with a base station. In Topology 2, the Ambient IoT devices / UEs will communicate bidirectionally with intermediate nodes (e.g., UEs or relay nodes) between the Ambient IoT devices / UEs and the base station. The UL transmissions of ambient IoT devices / UEs may be generated internally by the device / UE or backscattered on an externally provided carrier. More details on ambient IoT (devices / UEs) can be found in study items [1] RP-234058 and [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.

[0227] In order to achieve (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception, the UE should be pre-configured with and / or predefined with at least some configurations related to (data / signaling) transmission or reception. For example, the configuration may include radio resource configuration for data / signaling transmission or reception. For normal / legacy UEs in the New Radio (NR), the UE may receive a public configuration via system information, and / or receive a UE-specific configuration via dedicated signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration). Afterwards, the UE may use / apply radio resources to perform UL transmission through a given configuration (e.g., public configuration, UE-specific configuration). However, for ambient IoT UEs, due to the characteristics of ambient IoT (such as ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power consumption), a lightweight signaling process should be sought.

[0228] For UL (data and / or signaling) transmissions, uplink timing advance may not be required or may be set to 0. For UL (data and / or signaling) transmissions, closed-loop power control may not be required. It is assumed that the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and / or system information may not be available for ambient IoT devices. A method should be designed for ambient IoT UEs to obtain relevant configurations and / or resources for performing UL (data and / or signaling) transmissions.

[0229] The ambient IoT UE may need to perform at least (some or all) of the following steps to perform UL transmission, and Figure 7 An example is shown in:

[0230] - Determination of the configuration of UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure).

[0231] A configuration may include at least one parameter. The configuration and / or at least one parameter may include multiple parts, such as a first part and a second part. The first part of the at least one parameter may be received from the network. The second part of the at least one parameter may be preconfigured, predefined, or fixed. Alternatively, in some embodiments, all of the at least one parameter may be received from the network. Alternatively, in some embodiments, all of the at least one parameter may be preconfigured, predefined, or fixed. The parameter may be a configuration (or included in a configuration) as described below.

[0232] - Determination of initiation of UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure).

[0233] After the configuration is available or determined, the ambient IoT UE may need to determine whether to initiate or perform an UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure). Alternatively, in some embodiments, after the ambient IoT UE determines to initiate or perform an UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure), the ambient IoT UE may determine the configuration for the UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure).

[0234] - Determination of radio resources for UL transmission.

[0235] - Before performing UL transmission, the ambient IoT UE may need to determine the radio resources for transmitting the UL transmission.

[0236] - The radio resources may be determined after the ambient IoT UE determines to initiate or perform an UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the radio resources may be determined as part of the determination of whether to initiate or perform an UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the radio resources may be determined before the ambient IoT UE determines to initiate or perform an UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure) (and after the configuration is available). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the radio resources may be determined as part of the determination of the configuration of the UL transmission (of the (UL) procedure).

[0237] - The radio resources may be part of the configuration. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the radio resources may not be part of the configuration. The radio resources may be assigned by the network. Additionally and / or alternatively, in some embodiments, the radio resources may be selected by the UE.

[0238] -Perform UL transmission.

[0239] -The IoT UE may perform UL transmission via the determined radio resources. The UL transmission may include new transmission, repetition, and / or retransmission.

[0240] The first UE may determine (or derive) at least one configuration (eg, a first configuration) using a first method. The configuration may be used for (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The configuration may be used for UL or DL ​​transmission.

[0241] The network node may configure the first UE with the (first) configuration by a first method.The network node may provide the (first) configuration to the first UE by a first method.

[0242] The first UE may perform (data or signaling) transmission or reception without (without needing) at least one configuration (eg, the first configuration).

[0243] The network node may not (need to) configure the first UE with the (first) configuration, eg for the first UE to perform (data or signaling) transmission or reception.The first UE may determine (or apply, or use) the first value of the configuration.

[0244] The method (e.g., the first method) may be (or include) one or more of the following:

[0245] Carried via public signaling (e.g., from the network)

[0246] The UE may receive common signaling including or indicating at least a (first) configuration. The UE may apply the (first) configuration in response to receiving the common signaling including the (first) configuration. The UE may apply the (first) configuration in response to initiation of (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The UE may obtain the (first) configuration via common signaling. The (first) configuration may be (or include) a cell-specific configuration. The (first) configuration may be (or include) a UE group-specific configuration. The (first) configuration may be (or include) a configuration common to multiple UEs, a group of UEs, and / or a group of UEs.

[0247] Public signaling may be (or include) broadcast signaling. Public signaling may be received by more than one UE. Public signaling may be received by, for example, multiple UEs (or a group of UEs) in a UE group. Public signaling may be transmitted to more than one UE. Public signaling may be transmitted to, for example, multiple UEs (or a group of UEs) in a UE group. Public signaling may be (or include) system information (specific to the IoT UE environment). Public signaling may be (or include) paging (message) (specific to the IoT UE environment). Public signaling may be (or include) query (message). Public signaling may be (or include) physical layer (PHY) signaling (e.g., PRDCH, Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Downlink Control Information (DCI), Forward Link (FL) / DL command) that schedules / indicates paging (message) or query (message). Common signaling may be (or include) PHY signaling (e.g., PRDCH, PDCCH, DCI, FL / DL command) indicating a UE group. Common signaling may be (or include) RRC signaling (e.g., RRC configuration message), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling (e.g., MAC Control Element (CE)), Layer 2 signaling, PHY signaling (e.g., PRDCH, PDCCH, DCI, FL / DL command), or Layer 1 signaling (any of them) for ambient IoT. Common signaling may be (or include) R2D signal / channel, carrier (signal), and / or inquiry signal. Common signaling may be used to trigger (or indicate), for example, transmission (or reception) by a UE and / or multiple UEs. Transmissions from a UE may be (or include) backscatter transmissions (or receptions), or may be generated internally by the UE. Common signaling may be used to provide power and / or energy to the UE. Common signaling may be used to initiate UL transmissions by a UE and / or multiple UEs.

[0248] Carried via dedicated signaling (e.g., from the network)

[0249] The UE may receive dedicated signaling including or indicating at least a (first) configuration. The UE may apply the (first) configuration in response to receiving the dedicated signaling including the (first) configuration. The UE may apply the (first) configuration in response to initiation of (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The UE may obtain the (first) configuration via dedicated signaling. The (first) configuration may be (or include) a UE-specific configuration. The first configuration may be (or include) a configuration specific to a (single) UE.

[0250] Dedicated signaling may be (or include) UE-specific signaling. Dedicated signaling may be (or include) RRC signaling (e.g., RRC configuration message). Dedicated signaling may be (or include) MAC signaling (e.g., MAC CE). Dedicated signaling may be (or include) PHY signaling (e.g., PRDCH, PDCCH, DCI, FL / DL command). Dedicated signaling may be (or include) R2D signal / channel, carrier (signal) and / or inquiry signal. Dedicated signaling may be used to trigger (or instruct) the UE to transmit (or receive). Transmission from the UE may be (or include) backscatter transmission (or reception), or may be generated internally by the UE. Dedicated signaling may be used to provide power and / or energy to the UE. Dedicated signaling may be used to trigger (or instruct) the UE to transmit UL.

[0251] Preconfigured, predefined, or fixed

[0252] The UE may apply (or use) a preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value of the (first) configuration. The UE may apply (or use) a preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) configuration of the (first) configuration. The UE may not receive signaling containing at least the (first) configuration. The UE may apply (or use) the (first) configuration without receiving signaling containing or indicating at least the (first) configuration. The signaling may be public signaling and / or dedicated signaling. The UE may apply the preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value or configuration in response to initiation of (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The UE may apply the preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value or configuration, for example, based on the type of UE. The UE may apply the preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value or configuration for performing backscatter transmission (or reception) or for performing a transmission generated internally by the UE. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the UE may perform transmission in response to reception / detection of an R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)). A preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value or configuration may be used for a bandwidth part (BWP) of an ambient IoT.

[0253] A mix of the above

[0254] The UE may determine (or derive) the (first) configuration by a hybrid method. The UE may determine (or derive) the (first) configuration by more than one method described above.

[0255] The UE may determine (or derive) the first parameter of the (first) configuration by one of the above methods. The UE may determine (or derive) the second parameter of the (first) configuration by another of the above methods.

[0256] In one or more instances, multiple values ​​(or configurations) may be preconfigured (or predefined) for the first configuration, and signaling (e.g., public, dedicated) may be used to indicate to the UE which value (or configuration) among the multiple values ​​(or configurations) to apply to the (first) configuration.

[0257] In one or more examples, the UE may receive a first portion of the (first) configuration via first signaling (e.g., public signaling) and receive a second portion of the (first) configuration via second signaling (e.g., dedicated signaling). Upon receiving (either or one of) the first signaling and the second signaling / after receiving (either or one of) the first signaling and the second signaling / in response to receiving (either or one of) the first signaling and the second signaling, the UE may apply (the first portion and the second portion) of the (first) configuration.

[0258] In one or more instances, if (at least) the UE does not receive signaling (e.g., public, dedicated) (indicating (at least one parameter of) the (first) configuration), the UE may apply (or use) a preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value of (at least one parameter of) the (first) configuration. When the UE receives signaling (e.g., public, dedicated) (indicating (at least one parameter of) the (first) configuration), the UE may apply (at least one parameter of) the (first) configuration indicated / provided by the signaling (instead of applying (or using) the preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value of (at least one parameter of) the first configuration).

[0259] In one or more examples, when a UE detects / receives a first carrier (signal) during a first carrier (signal) duration and / or the UE has not received signaling (e.g., public, dedicated), the UE may apply (or use) a preconfigured (or predefined, or fixed) value to perform a first transmission, the first transmission having or associated with the first carrier (signal) duration. The first transmission may be a backscatter transmission (or reception) or a transmission generated internally by the UE. When the UE detects / receives a second carrier (signal) during a second carrier (signal) duration and / or the UE receives first signaling (e.g., public, dedicated), the UE may apply the (first) configuration indicated / provided by the first signaling to perform a second transmission, the second transmission having or associated with the second carrier (signal) duration. The second transmission may be a backscatter transmission (or reception) or a transmission generated internally by the UE. When the UE detects / receives the third carrier (signal) during the third carrier (signal) duration and the UE receives second signaling (e.g., public, dedicated), the UE may apply the (first) configuration indicated / provided by the second signaling to perform a third transmission, wherein the third transmission has the third carrier (signal) duration or is associated with the third carrier (signal) duration. The third transmission may be a backscatter transmission (or reception) or a transmission generated internally by the UE.

[0260] The carrier (signal) duration may be the duration during which the UE can receive a carrier (signal). The carrier (signal) duration may start when a (new) carrier (signal) starts. The carrier (signal) duration may end when the carrier (signal) stops. The carrier (signal) duration may be detected by the UE or defined / configured by the network (NW).

[0261] In the present invention, first signaling (e.g., common signaling) triggering a transmission and / or procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) may provide, include, and / or indicate at least one or more resources or configurations for more than one UE / device (e.g., a group of UEs / devices) (or to be used by more than one UE / device (e.g., a group of UEs / devices)). The first signaling may be for more than one UE / device. The first signaling may instruct and / or trigger more than one UE / device to perform the procedure. The first signaling may provide / include / indicate configurations related to resources for more than one UE / device. The first signaling may provide / include / indicate resources for more than one UE / device. The resources may be non-contention resources. One resource may correspond to one UE / device. Each of the resources may be dedicated to each of the more than one UE / device. The resources may be one or more resources. In response to receiving the first signaling, the UE / device may initiate a (e.g., random access) procedure and perform a first transmission (e.g., within / during the procedure) based on the one or more resources or configurations provided, included, or indicated in the first signaling. The UE / device may perform a first transmission based on and / or using a first resource from the one or more resources.

[0262] In one or more examples, a first UE / device may receive first signaling, for example, from a network node, triggering a transmission and / or procedure (e.g., a (random) access procedure). The first signaling may be common signaling. The first signaling may be for more than one UE / device. The first signaling may be transmitted to more than one UE / device. The first signaling may be received by more than one UE / device. The first signaling may be used to trigger a transmission and / or procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) for more than one UE / device. The first signaling may be used to instruct more than one UE / device to trigger a transmission and / or procedure (e.g., a random access procedure). The first signaling may be a paging message for ambient IoT. The first signaling may indicate (at least) the first UE / device, for example, by including / indicating a device identification (ID) of the first UE / device and / or a group ID of the first UE / device. The first signaling may include a list of IDs of more than one UE / device. The first signaling may indicate (at least) more than one resource for more than one UE / device. The first signaling may indicate an association / mapping between more than one resource and more than one UE / device. The first signaling may indicate (at least) a third UE / device, for example, by including / indicating a device ID of the third UE / device and / or a group ID of the third UE / device. The first signaling may not indicate a third UE / device. The more than one UE / device may include the first UE / device and / or the third UE / device. The more than one UE / device may be an ambient IoT UE / device.

[0263] In response to receiving the first signaling, the first UE / device may trigger a random access procedure and perform a first transmission of the random access procedure based on the first resources and / or first configuration provided in the first signaling. The first UE / device may transmit the first transmission to the network node. The first signaling may include and / or indicate (at least) a first resource and / or a first configuration (e.g., for the first UE / device). The first resource and / or the first configuration may be derived / determined / selected by the first UE. The first resource and / or the first configuration may be used for, associated with, and / or related to the random access procedure. The first resource and / or the first configuration may be used by, associated with, and / or related to the first UE / device. The first resource and / or the first configuration may be derived / determined / selected based on the order of the first UE in a list of IDs of multiple UEs. The first resource and / or the first configuration may be derived / determined / selected based on at least the ID of the first UE and / or a modulo operation. The first resource may include (at least) a first frequency (domain) resource / opportunity (set) and / or a first time (domain) resource / opportunity (set). The first resource may be determined based on the first configuration and / or pre-configuration.

[0264] In response to receiving the first signaling, the third UE / device may trigger another random access procedure and perform another first transmission of the other / another random access procedure based on the second resources and / or second configuration provided in the first signaling. The third UE / device may transmit another first transmission to the network node. The first signaling may include and / or indicate the second resources and / or second configuration (e.g., for the third UE / device). The second resources and / or second configuration may be derived / determined / selected by the third UE. The second resources and / or second configuration may be used for, associated with, and / or related to another random access procedure. The second resources and / or second configuration may be used by, associated with, and / or related to the third UE / device. The second resources and / or second configuration may be derived / determined / selected based on the order of the third UE in the list of IDs of the plurality of UEs. The second resources and / or second configuration may be derived / determined / selected based at least on the ID of the third UE and / or a modulo operation. The second resource may include (at least) a second frequency (domain) resource / opportunity (set) and / or a second time (domain) resource / opportunity (set). The second resource may be determined based on the second configuration and / or another preconfiguration.

[0265] Throughout this disclosure, when a UE determines a configuration, the UE may request, receive, derive, obtain, determine, store, apply, and / or use the configuration. A configuration (e.g., a first configuration) may be (or include or indicate) one or more of the following parameters:

[0266] Configuration related to BWP (cell)

[0267] The configuration may be (or include) any one of the following: initialUplinkBWP, initialDownlinkBWP, BWP, subcarrierSpacing, BWP-Downlink, BWP-DownlnkCommon, BWP-DownlinkDedicated, BWP-Id, BWP-Uplink, BWP-UplinkCommon, BWP-UplinkDedicated, transmission bandwidth configuration, occupied bandwidth configuration, channel bandwidth configuration and / or system bandwidth configuration.

[0268] The UE may be configured with one or more (initial) BWPs for a cell. Alternatively and / or in addition, in certain embodiments, a cell may include or indicate more than one (initial) BWP (for ambient IoT). The UE may be configured with different initial BWPs in different bands and / or frequencies of the cell. The UE may be configured with multiple BWPs with in-band spectrum deployment to the NR cell. The BWP may be a ULBWP.

[0269] The BWP (above or below) may be changed / represented / replaced by a frequency (sub)band or frequency resource set, a system bandwidth / band, and / or a transmission bandwidth / band. The BWP, bandwidth, and / or band may be used for R2D and / or D2R.

[0270] When the UE receives / detects a PRDCH, an R2D signal / channel, or a carrier (signal), the UE may derive / determine an (initial) BWP, an (initial) frequency (sub)band, or an (initial) frequency resource set based at least on a frequency (e.g., a DL carrier or a DL frequency band), such as the frequency of the received / detected PRDCH, R2D signal / channel, or carrier (signal). Preferably, in certain embodiments, the UE may derive / determine an (initial) BWP, an (initial) frequency (sub)band, or an (initial) frequency resource set based at least on BWP, frequency (sub)band, or frequency resource set information provided by the network.

[0271] The UE may receive a configuration related to the BWP of the cell via a first BWP of the cell. The first BWP may or may not be one of the BWPs. The UE may transmit or receive (data or signaling) via a second BWP in the BWP of the cell. The first BWP may be different from the second BWP.

[0272] Paging-related configuration

[0273] The configuration may be (or include) any one of the following: paging cycle configuration, paging frame configuration, paging occasion configuration, PCCH-config and / or (default) PagingCycle.

[0274] The UE may be configured with at least a configuration related to paging. The UE may be pre-configured with at least a configuration related to paging. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may not require a configuration related to paging. The UE may not require the network to provide the configuration related to paging.

[0275] Configuration related to system information

[0276] The configuration may be (or include) any one of the following: system information scheduling configuration, system information modification configuration, system information request configuration, BCCH-config, SI-SchedulingInfo and / or SI-RequestConfig.

[0277] The UE may be configured with at least a configuration related to system information. The UE may be pre-configured with at least a configuration related to system information. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may not require the configuration related to system information. The UE may not require the network to provide the configuration related to system information.

[0278] Configuration related to (data) transmission or reception

[0279] The configuration may be (or include) any one of: PUSCH-Config, PUSCH-ConfigCommon, PUSCH-ServingCellConfig, PDSCH-Config, PDSCH-ConfigCommon, PDSCH-ServingCellConfig, PRDCH configuration, PDRCH configuration, Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) configuration, configured grant configuration and / or Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) configuration, transmission bandwidth configuration, occupied bandwidth configuration, channel bandwidth configuration and / or system bandwidth configuration.

[0280] The UE may be configured with at least a configuration related to (data) transmission or reception. The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may not require the configuration. The UE may not require the network to provide the configuration.

[0281] Configuration related to downlink control signaling

[0282] The configuration can be (or include) any one of the following: PDCCH configuration, control resource set (CORESET) configuration, search space configuration, PDCCH-Config, PDCCH-ConfigCommon, PDCCH-ConfigSIB1, PDCCH-ServingCellConfig, ControlResourceSet, ControlResourceSetId, ControlResourceSetZero, SearchSpace, SearchSpaceId and / or SearchSpaceZero, PRDCH configuration.

[0283] A UE may be configured with one (or more) PDCCH configurations, CORESET configurations, and / or search space configurations. A UE may not be allowed to be configured with more than one PDCCH configuration, CORESET configuration, and / or search space configuration.

[0284] The UE may be pre-configured with one (or more) PDCCH configurations, CORESET configurations, and / or search space configurations. The UE may use (or apply) pre-configured (or fixed) values ​​for the configurations. The UE may not require the configurations. The UE may not require the network to provide the configurations.

[0285] The UE may determine or derive one (or more) PDCCH configurations, CORESET configurations, and / or search space configurations based on the detected carrier (signal). The UE may determine or derive time-frequency resources for monitoring / receiving DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL commands) based on (time and / or frequency resources of) the detected carrier (signal).

[0286] Threshold for power measurement (or signal power strength)

[0287] The configuration may be a power measurement for a signal or one or more thresholds for signal power strength. The signal may be a sounding reference signal (SRS). The signal may be a synchronization signal (SS), a PBCH block (SSB), and / or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The power measurement may be a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and / or a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).

[0288] The UE may select an UL resource (pool) based on one or more thresholds and / or power measurements. For example, the UE may select an UL resource (pool) based on different power measurements of the signal. If at least a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is met, the UE may select the UL resource (pool). If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may not select the UL resource (pool). Once the threshold is met, the UE may select the UL resource (pool). The UE may not select the UL resource (pool) until the threshold is met. For example, if at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the UL resource (pool). If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold, the UE may not select the UL resource (pool). Once the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE may select the UL resource (pool). If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., for RSRP) and less than a second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a first UL resource (pool). If at least the power measurement is less than the first threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a second UL resource (pool). If at least the power measurement is greater than a second threshold (eg, for RSRP), the UE may select a third UL resource (pool).

[0289] The UE may select a repetition number (for (UL) transmission) based on one or more thresholds and / or power measurements. Each of the (configured or predefined) repetition numbers may be associated with a threshold. For example, the UE may select a repetition number based on different power measurements of the signal. If at least a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is met, the UE may select the repetition number. If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may not select the repetition number. Once the threshold is met, the UE may select the repetition number. The UE may not select the repetition number until the threshold is met. For example, if at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the repetition number. If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold, the UE may not select the repetition number. Once the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE may select the repetition number. If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., for RSRP) and less than a second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a first repetition number. If at least the power measurement is less than the first threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a second repetition number. If at least the power measurement is greater than a second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a third number of repetitions. For another example, if at least the power measurement is less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE may not select a number of repetitions. Once the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold, the UE may select a number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., for RSRP) and greater than a second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a first number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than the first threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a second number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than the second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a third number of repetitions. Preferably, in some embodiments, if the number of repetitions is one, the UE may perform one transmission without repetition. Preferably and / or alternatively, in some embodiments, if the number of repetitions is one, the UE may perform one repetition in addition to the first / initial transmission.

[0290] The UE may determine whether to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception based on one or more thresholds and / or power measurements. For example, the UE may determine whether to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception based on different power measurements of the signal. If at least a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is met, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception. If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception. Once the threshold is met, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception until the threshold is met. For example, if at least a power measurement is greater than or equal to a threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception. If at least a power measurement is less than or equal to a threshold, the UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception. Once the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception.

[0291] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0292] Threshold of power in energy storage

[0293] The configuration may be one or more thresholds for the amount of (remaining) battery power / stored power / available power / power level of the UE (in the UE's energy storage).

[0294] The UE may select an UL resource (pool) based on different amounts of UE battery power / stored power / available power / power level of the UE. For example, if at least a threshold (of the amount of UE battery power / stored power / available power / power level) is met, the UE may select an UL resource (pool). If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may not select an UL resource (pool). Once the threshold is met, the UE may select an UL resource (pool). The UE may not select an UL resource (pool) until the threshold is met.

[0295] The UE may select a number of repetitions based on different amounts of UE battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE. For example, if at least a threshold value (of the amount of UE battery power / storage power / available power / power level) is met, the UE may select a number of repetitions. If at least the threshold value is not met, the UE may not select a number of repetitions. Once the threshold value is met, the UE may select a number of repetitions. The UE may not select a number of repetitions until the threshold value is met.

[0296] The UE may determine whether to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process) based on one or more thresholds and / or the UE's battery power / storage power / available power / power level. For example, the UE may determine whether to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process) based on different amounts of the UE's UE battery power / storage power / available power / power level. If at least the threshold (of the amount of the UE's battery power / storage power / available power / power level) is met, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process). If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process). Once the threshold is met, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process). The UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process) until the threshold is met. For example, if at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than or equal to a threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (procedure). If at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is less than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may decide not to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (procedure). Once the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may decide to perform (or initiate) (data or signaling) transmission or reception (procedure).

[0297] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0298] (Possible) number of repetitions (for (UL) transmission performed by UE)

[0299] The configuration may be one or more repetition numbers (for (UL) transmissions performed by the UE). The repetition number is related to the number of retransmissions of a transmission performed autonomously by the UE. For example, when the repetition number is 4, the UE autonomously performs 3 (or 4) retransmissions of the transmission in addition to the transmission. For example, the UE may perform UL transmissions based on the repetition number. The repetition number may correspond to the number of transmissions of a transport block (TB) used for the UL transmission. Preferably, in some embodiments, autonomous retransmission may mean retransmission that is not based on a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) from the network or an intermediate node. Autonomous retransmission may mean blind retransmission.

[0300] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0301] (Possible) repetition pattern (for (UL) transmission performed by UE)

[0302] The configuration may be one or more repetition patterns. The repetition pattern is related to the retransmission timing of the transmission performed autonomously by the UE. The repetition pattern may indicate to the UE when it is appropriate to perform transmission, retransmission or repetition, for example, in which time opportunity. For example, the UE may perform UL transmission based on the repetition pattern. The repetition pattern may correspond to the time opportunity of each transmission of a TB for UL transmission. The time opportunity (e.g., symbol, time slot, subframe and / or frame) may be continuous. The time opportunity (e.g., symbol, time slot, subframe and / or frame) may not be continuous. The repetition pattern may be represented by a bitmap. The bits in the bitmap may correspond to the time opportunity. A bit set to 1 may indicate that the UE performs transmission, retransmission or repetition in the corresponding time opportunity. A bit set to 0 may indicate that the UE does not perform transmission, retransmission or repetition in the corresponding time opportunity. For example, if the repetition pattern is {11001100}, the UE may perform UL (re)transmission in time opportunities or transmission time intervals (TTI) n, (n+1), (n+4), (n+5), and / or the UE may not perform UL (re)transmission in time opportunities or TTIs (n+2), (n+3), (n+6), (n+7). Preferably and / or alternatively, in certain embodiments, the repetition pattern may be determined based on a time pattern of a radio resource pool, wherein the UE performs UL (re)transmission within the same radio resource pool. The UE may not perform UL (re)transmission in resources outside the radio resource pool. For example, if the time pattern of a radio resource pool includes time opportunities or TTIs n, (n+1), (n+4), (n+5) and does not include time opportunities or TTIs (n+2), (n+3), (n+6), (n+7). The UE may perform UL (re)transmissions in time opportunities or TTIs n, (n+1), (n+4), (n+5), and / or may not perform UL (re)transmissions in time opportunities or TTIs (n+2), (n+3), (n+6), (n+7). In other words, the UE may perform UL (re)transmissions in consecutive (logical) time opportunities or TTIs of the radio resource pool. However, the UE may perform UL (re)transmissions in non-consecutive (physical) time opportunities or TTIs.

[0303] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0304] Configuration related to time, duration, or timer

[0305] A configuration may be one or more timers. A configuration may be one or more durations. A timer may be a validity timer. A timer may be a failure (detection) timer. A timer may be an inactivity timer. A timer may be an on-duration timer. A timer may be a transmit timer. A timer and / or duration may indicate a duration for which (data or signaling) transmission or reception is or may be ongoing.

[0306] The UE may detect a failure in (a process of) transmitting or receiving (data or signaling) based on a timer (among one or more timers) or a duration (among one or more durations). For example, the UE may use a timer to detect a failure. The timer may be started at the start of the (UL) process. The start of the (UL) process may be the first time the UE uses / applies any radio resources. The timer may be restarted after (data or signaling) transmission. The timer may be restarted after receiving a (new) R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)). After the timer expires / expires, the (UL) process may be considered failed (or unsuccessful). While the timer is running, the (UL) process may not be considered failed (or unsuccessful).

[0307] The UE may detect the success of (a process of) (data or signaling) transmission or reception based on a timer (one of one or more timers) or a duration (one of one or more durations). For example, the UE may use a timer to determine whether (a single) (UL) transmission is successful. The timer may be started after the (data or signaling) transmission. The timer may be restarted after the (data or signaling) transmission. After the timer expires, the (UL) transmission may be considered successful. While the timer is running, the (UL) transmission may not be considered successful.

[0308] The UE may stop (data or signaling) transmission or reception (procedure) based on a timer (one or more timers) or a duration (one or more durations). For example, the UE may use a timer to stop a (UL) procedure. The timer may be started at the start of the (UL) procedure. The start of the (UL) procedure may be the first time the UE uses / applies any radio resources. While the timer is running, the (UL) procedure may continue. After the timer expires, the (UL) procedure may not continue.

[0309] The UE may determine or derive the end of an R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)) based on a timer (among one or more timers) or a duration (among one or more durations). For example, the UE may use a timer to determine the duration of a (new) R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)). When the R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)) begins, the timer may be started. When the R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)) stops, the timer may expire. After the timer expires (or in response to the timer expiring), the UE may deem the R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)) as ended.

[0310] The UE may determine to perform a retransmission of a (data or signaling) transmission based on a timer (among one or more timers) or a duration (among one or more durations). For example, the UE may perform a retransmission of a (data or signaling) transmission in response to expiration of a timer.

[0311] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0312] Periodicity of radio resources

[0313] Radio resources used for UL transmission may be periodic. Radio resources used for UL transmission may be aperiodic. The periodicity of a periodic radio resource may be configured. For example, a periodic radio resource may be provided after the periodicity of the last existing periodic radio resource. A periodic radio resource may not be provided after the periodicity of the last existing periodic radio resource.

[0314] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0315] UE ID

[0316] A first UE ID may be assigned to the UE. The UE may predefine or (pre)configure the first UE ID (e.g., by the UE). The UE may be configured or indicated by (e.g., by the NW). The UE may independently calculate, select, derive, or determine the first UE ID. The UE ID may be a temporary ID. The UE ID may be, for example, a random number generated by the UE.

[0317] A second UE ID (e.g., a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) may be assigned to the UE. The UE may predefine or (pre)configure the second UE ID (e.g., by the UE). The UE may be configured or indicated by (e.g., by the NW). The UE may independently calculate, select, derive, or determine the second UE ID. A DL command, PRDCH, or PDCCH for scheduling an UL grant or a DL assignment may indicate the second UE ID. A DL command, PRDCH, or PDCCH for scheduling an UL grant or a DL assignment may be scrambled by the second UE ID. The transmission source (from the UE) or the reception destination (to the UE) may be indicated by (all or part of) the first UE ID or the second UE ID.

[0318] The second UE ID may be determined or calculated based on the radio resources selected / determined by the UE. Alternatively and / or additionally, in certain embodiments, the second UE ID may be determined or calculated based on the first UE ID. Alternatively and / or additionally, in certain embodiments, the second UE ID may be a portion of the first UE ID. Alternatively and / or additionally, in certain embodiments, the second UE ID may be determined or calculated based on the order of UEs indicated in a paging message (e.g., PagingRecordList or PagingGroupList). Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the second UE ID may be a fixed value.

[0319] The configuration may be an ID dedicated to the UE. For example, a dedicated ID may be used to identify the UE. A UE identified by the dedicated ID may be dynamically scheduled (e.g., by the NW). A UE not identified by the dedicated ID may not be dynamically scheduled (e.g., by the NW).

[0320] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may be configured or indicated by the configuration (e.g., by the NW). The UE may independently calculate, select, derive, or determine the configuration. The dedicated ID may be calculated / determined based on the radio resources selected / determined by the UE. The dedicated ID may be calculated / determined based on an ID associated with the UE. The dedicated ID may be calculated / determined based on the order of the UEs indicated in the paging message (e.g., PagingRecordList or PagingGroupList). The dedicated ID may be fixed for scrambling.

[0321] UE group ID

[0322] There may be multiple UE groups. The configuration may be a UE group ID. The UE may be assigned a UE group or associated with a UE group. The UE may be predefined or (pre) configured with a UE group (e.g., by the UE). The UE group may be configured or indicated to the UE (e.g., by the NW). The UE may receive a group ID and / or a value for deriving / determining the group ID via a query, paging, system information block (SIB), PRDCH, and / or PDCCH. The UE may receive a group ID and / or a value for deriving / determining the group ID during registration or authentication. The UE may derive or determine the group ID based on the first UE ID or the second UE ID.

[0323] Duration of UE group

[0324] The configuration may be one or more times. The duration may be associated with / correspond to a UE group (of the UE). Different UE groups may be associated with / correspond to different durations. For example, if (at least) the duration is associated with / corresponds to the UE group of the UE, the UE may acquire radio resources during the duration. If (at least) the first duration is associated with / corresponds to the UE group of the UE, the UE may be allowed to perform or initiate (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process) during the first duration. If (at least) the duration is not associated with / corresponds to the UE group of the UE, the UE may not acquire radio resources during the duration. If (at least) the second duration is not associated with / corresponds to the UE group of the UE, the UE may not be allowed to perform or initiate (data or signaling) transmission or reception (process) during the second duration.

[0325] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0326] Association between radio resources (pools) and UE IDs and / or UE groups associated with UEs

[0327] The configuration may be an indicator. The indicator may be used to indicate a radio resource (pool). The indicator may be associated with a UE ID and / or a UE group ID.

[0328] For example, if (at least) the UE ID of the UE is associated with the indicator, the UE may select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator. If (at least) the UE group ID of the UE is associated with the indicator, the UE may select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator. If (at least) the UE ID of the UE is not associated with the indicator, the UE may not select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator. If (at least) the UE group ID of the UE is not associated with the indicator, the UE may not select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator.

[0329] A UE may determine / derive / select a radio resource (pool) based on its UE ID or (part of) its UE group ID.

[0330] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0331] Association between radio resources (pools) and the order of UEs indicated in the paging message

[0332] The configuration may be an indicator. The indicator may be used to indicate a radio resource (pool). The indicator may be associated with the order of UEs indicated or specified in the paging message.

[0333] For example, if (at least) the order of the UEs indicated or specified in the paging message is associated with the indicator, the UE may select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator. If (at least) the order of the UEs specified in the paging message is not associated with the indicator, the UE may not select the radio resource (pool) indicated by the indicator.

[0334] The paging message may indicate the association between the radio resources (pool) and one or more UEs. The paging message may indicate the association between the radio resources (pool) and one or more UE IDs.

[0335] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0336] Configuration for sensing whether radio resources are used

[0337] The configuration may be a duration. Different UE groups may be associated with / correspond to different durations. Different UE groups may be associated with / correspond to the same duration. For example, the UE may perform sensing within the duration. The UE may not perform sensing outside the duration.

[0338] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0339] The configuration may be a threshold for signal power strength. The signal may be an SRS. The signal may be an SSB. The power measurement may be RSRP, RSRQ and / or SINR. For example, the UE may determine whether the sensed radio resource is occupied based on the signal power strength. If at least a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is met, the UE may consider the sensed radio resource to be idle. If at least the threshold is not met, the UE may consider the sensed radio resource to be occupied. Once the threshold is met, the UE may consider the sensed radio resource to be idle. The UE may consider the sensed radio resource to be occupied until the threshold is met.

[0340] The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may require the configuration. The UE may obtain the configuration from public signaling. The UE may require the network to provide the configuration.

[0341] other

[0342] The configuration may be (or include) any one of the following: configuration related to SSB (or CSI-RS), configuration related to downlink control signaling, configuration related to small data transmission, configuration related to uplink control information, PUCCH-ConfigCommon, scheduling request configuration, SRS configuration, buffer status report (BSR) configuration, power headroom report (PHR) configuration, discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration, MAC-CellGroupConfig and / or radio link monitoring configuration, measurement configuration, measurement gap configuration, measurement object configuration and / or measurement report configuration.

[0343] The UE may be configured with at least the configuration. The UE may be pre-configured with at least the configuration. The UE may use (or apply) a pre-configured (or fixed) value for the configuration. The UE may not require the configuration. The UE may not require the network to provide the configuration.

[0344] Alternatively and / or additionally, in some embodiments, a configuration (e.g., a first configuration) may be (or include) one or more parameters related to radio resources to be used for (data or signaling) transmission or reception. The radio resources may be contention-based or contention-free. The configuration (e.g., a first configuration) may be (or include or indicate) one or more of the following parameters:

[0345] Pool of radio resources

[0346] The first UE may at least determine (or derive) a configuration (e.g., a first configuration). The configuration (e.g., the first configuration) may be associated with (and / or correspond to) one or more radio resource pools. Multiple radio resource pools (for different configurations) may be provided. A radio resource pool may contain a set or multiple radio resources (in the time domain and / or frequency domain) for UL transmission. The first UE may select / determine a radio resource pool corresponding to a configuration (e.g., the first configuration). The first UE may obtain / determine UL transmission resources from the selected / determined radio resource pool. Radio resources for UL transmission may be provided periodically. Radio resources for UL transmission may be provided for a single transmission (or aperiodically, or a single time) (with repetition). The first UE may perform backscatter transmission on the radio resources used for UL transmission. The first UE may perform UL transmission (internally) solely on the radio resources used for UL transmission.

[0347] Preferably and / or alternatively, in some embodiments, the first UE may determine / derive the radio resource pool based on received DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL command). The DL signaling may include the configuration of the radio resource pool. In response to the DL signaling indicating the UE or the corresponding UE ID or the associated UE group ID, the first UE may perform UL transmission within one radio resource pool. The network or the intermediate node may perform one or more DL signalings for indicating (the same) one radio resource pool. When the first UE receives the DL signaling and when the DL signaling indicates that the UE can use the radio resource pool, the first UE may perform UL transmission within the one radio resource pool.

[0348] Different radio resource pools may be associated with different repetition numbers, different repetition patterns, different BWPs, different UE types, different UE groups, different UL grant sizes, different types of data / signaling, and / or different power levels.

[0349] Time domain allocation of radio resources

[0350] A configuration may include a single time domain allocation of radio resources. A configuration may include multiple time domain allocations of radio resources. A configuration may not include any time domain allocations of radio resources.

[0351] Different time domain allocations may be associated with different numbers of repetitions, different repetition patterns, different resource pools, different BWPs, different UE types, different UE groups, different UL grant sizes, different types of data / signaling, and / or different power levels.

[0352] Frequency domain allocation of radio resources

[0353] A configuration may include a single frequency domain allocation of radio resources. A configuration may include multiple frequency domain allocations of radio resources. A configuration may not include any frequency domain allocations of radio resources.

[0354] Different frequency domain allocations may be associated with different repetition numbers, different repetition patterns, different resource pools, different BWPs, different UE types, different UE groups, different UL grant sizes, different types of data / signaling, and / or different power levels.

[0355] BWP associated with the radio resource

[0356] A configuration may contain a single BWP associated with a radio resource. A configuration may contain multiple BWPs associated with a radio resource. A configuration may contain no BWPs associated with a radio resource.

[0357] Different BWPs may be associated with different numbers of repetitions, different BWPs, different UE types, different UE groups, different UL grant sizes, different types of data / signaling, and / or different power levels.

[0358] One or more resource selection steps may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on, for example, a first factor for transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling), for example, based on the first factor and / or the second factor. The resource selection step may include radio resource pool selection, radio resource selection, and / or radio resource allocation selection. The UE may select a radio resource pool in the resource selection step. The UE may select a radio resource in the resource selection step. The UE may select a radio resource from the selected radio resource pool. The UE may select a radio resource based on the selected radio resource pool. The UE may select a radio resource allocation in the resource selection step. The UE may select a radio resource allocation based on the selected radio resource.

[0359] The UE may perform the first resource selection step. The UE may perform the second resource selection step based on the first resource selection step. The UE may not perform the second resource selection step based on the first resource selection step. The first resource selection step and the second resource selection step may be performed separately. The first resource selection step and the second resource selection step may be associated. The first resource selection step and the second resource selection step may be performed based on the same factor (e.g., the first factor, the second factor, the third factor). The first resource selection step and the second resource selection step may be performed based on different factors (e.g., the first factor, the second factor, the third factor). The first resource selection step and the second resource selection step may be different resource selection steps.

[0360] Throughout this disclosure, radio resources may be used for (data / signaling) transmission or reception. Radio resources may be used for one (data / signaling) transmission or reception. Radio resources may be used for multiple (data / signaling) transmissions or receptions, for example, within a time period. Radio resources may be periodically available to a UE.

[0361] Throughout this disclosure, "Random Access (RA) resources / configuration", "UL resources / configuration", and / or "resources / configuration" may be resources / configuration for D2R transmission, replaced by resources / configuration for D2R transmission, and / or referred to as resources / configuration for D2R transmission (e.g., as described above). Resources and / or configurations may include, for example, PDRCH (transmission) resources, timing, channel resources, frequency resources, and / or (sub)bands for D2R transmission. Resources and / or configurations may include, for example, parameters, random numbers, group numbers, and / or auxiliary information for D2R transmission.

[0362] When multiple radio resource pools exist, selection of at least one resource pool from the multiple resource pools (for UL transmission) may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on a first factor. If a resource pool cannot be selected (based on the first factor), the UE may not perform UL transmission (or determine that a condition for initiating UL transmission is not met). If a resource pool cannot be selected based on the first factor, the UE may select a resource pool based on another factor other than the first factor. If a resource pool cannot be selected based on the first factor, the UE may use a preset resource pool.

[0363] When multiple radio resources exist in the radio resource pool, selection of at least one radio resource from the multiple radio resources (for UL transmission) may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on a second factor. If a radio resource cannot be selected (based on the second factor), the UE may not perform UL transmission (or determine that the conditions for initiating UL transmission are not met). If a radio resource cannot be selected based on the second factor, the UE may select a radio resource based on another factor other than the second factor. If a radio resource cannot be selected based on the second factor, the UE may use a preset radio resource.

[0364] When there are multiple time domain allocations of radio resources (or no time domain allocation of radio resources), selection of at least one time domain allocation (for UL transmission) (from the multiple time domain allocations) may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on a third factor. If a time domain allocation cannot be selected (based on the third factor), the UE may not perform UL transmission (or deem that the conditions for initiating UL transmission are not met). If a time domain allocation cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may select a time domain allocation based on another factor other than the third factor. If a time domain allocation cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may use a preset time domain allocation.

[0365] When there are multiple frequency domain allocations of radio resources (or no frequency domain allocation of radio resources), selection of at least one frequency domain allocation (for UL transmission) (from the multiple frequency domain allocations) may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on a third factor. If the frequency domain allocation cannot be selected (based on the third factor), the UE may not perform UL transmission (or consider that the conditions for initiating UL transmission are not met). If the frequency domain allocation cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may select the frequency domain allocation based on another factor other than the third factor. If the frequency domain allocation cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may use a preset frequency domain allocation.

[0366] When multiple BWPs (or no BWP) are associated with a radio resource, selection of at least one BWP (from the multiple BWPs) (for UL transmission) may be performed (by the UE or the network) based on a third factor. If a BWP cannot be selected (based on the third factor), the UE may not perform UL transmission (or determine that the conditions for initiating UL transmission are not met). If a BWP cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may select a BWP based on another factor other than the third factor. If a BWP cannot be selected based on the third factor, the UE may use a preset BWP.

[0367] The first factor may be the same as the second factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first factor may be partially the same as the second factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first factor may be (completely) different from the second factor.

[0368] The first factor may be the same as the third factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first factor may be partially the same as the third factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first factor may be (completely) different from the third factor.

[0369] The third factor may be the same as the second factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the third factor may be partially the same as the second factor. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the third factor may be (entirely) different from the second factor.

[0370] The first factor, the second factor and / or the third factor may be or include one or more of the following:

[0371] UE Type

[0372] There may be two or more types of (ambient IoT) UEs. UE types may be distinguished by at least peak power consumption, energy storage, method used to perform UL transmissions, power level, and / or device size. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the method used to perform UL transmissions may be backscattered on an R2D signal / channel (or carrier (signal)) generated internally by the device / UE or provided externally.

[0373] For example, the first type UE may be device A or device B, for example, as considered in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09). The first type UE may have a peak power consumption of approximately 1 μW. The first type UE may have (or be equipped with) a battery or energy storage. The first type UE may not have (or be equipped with) a DL / UL amplifier. The first type UE may be a passive or semi-passive device. The first type UE may generate UL transmissions via backscatter. The first type UE may perform backscatter transmissions. The first type UE may not be able to generate UL transmissions on its own (internally). The first type UE may not have the ability to generate a signal without backscatter. For example, the first UE may be a first type UE.

[0374] For example, the second type UE may be device C, for example, as considered in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09). The second type UE may have a peak power consumption of less than a few hundred μW. The second type UE may have (or be equipped with) a battery or energy storage. The second type UE may have (or be equipped with) a DL / UL amplifier. The second type UE may be an active device. The second type UE may generate UL transmissions via backscatter. The second type UE may perform backscatter transmissions. The second type UE may be able to generate UL transmissions on its own (internally). The second type UE may have the ability to generate signals without backscatter. For example, the first UE may be a second type UE.

[0375] For example, a third type UE may have (or be equipped with) a battery or energy storage. A third type UE may have (or be equipped with) a DL / UL amplifier. A third type UE may be an active device. A third type UE may generate UL transmissions via backscatter. A third type UE may perform backscatter transmissions. A third type UE may not be able to generate UL transmissions on its own (internally). A third type UE may have the ability to generate signals without backscatter.

[0376] Power Level

[0377] The power level may include any one or more of the following embodiments. The UE may utilize the same or different power level embodiments for different radio resource pool selections and / or radio resource selections (e.g., radio resource selection in the time domain and / or frequency domain). One or more thresholds for the power level may exist. The power level may be determined by the threshold. The power level threshold may be configured by the network or derived by the UE. The power level threshold may be determined based on the following embodiments.

[0378] The power level may be a received power or power measurement of a signal / channel (e.g., RSRP) transmitted from the network. The power level may be a received power of a carrier (signal) transmitted from the network. For example, if the power level is low, the UE may select a radio resource pool in a later time opportunity. If the power level is high, the UE may select a radio resource pool in an earlier time opportunity. For example, if the power level is low, the UE may select a radio resource pool where the (logical) time opportunities or TTIs of the radio resource pools are separated by longer time gaps in the time domain. If the power level is high, the UE may select a radio resource pool where the (logical) time opportunities or TTIs of the radio resource pools are separated by shorter time gaps in the time domain.

[0379] The power level may be a (downlink) path loss derived / determined based on at least the received power of a signal / channel transmitted from the network. The power level may be a (downlink) path loss derived / determined based on at least the received power of a carrier (signal) transmitted from the network. For example, if the power level is higher, the UE may select a radio resource pool in a later time opportunity. If the power level is lower, the UE may select a radio resource pool in an earlier time opportunity. For example, if the power level is higher, the UE may select a radio resource pool where the (logical) time opportunities or TTIs of the radio resource pools are separated by longer time gaps in the time domain. If the power level is lower, the UE may select a radio resource pool where the (logical) time opportunities or TTIs of the radio resource pools are separated by shorter time gaps in the time domain.

[0380] The power level may be the expected / derived / determined UE transmit power for backscatter transmissions.

[0381] The power level may be an expected / derived / determined UE transmit power for UL transmissions generated internally by the UE.

[0382] The power level may be the maximum UE transmit power.

[0383] The power level may be the amount of battery power / stored power / available power of the UE. The UE may estimate / determine / derive how much battery power / stored power / available power is available / usable to perform (corresponding) UL transmission.

[0384] The power level may be the power difference between the battery power / stored power / available power and the desired / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power. The desired / derived / determined UE transmit power may be used for backscatter transmissions or for UL transmissions generated internally by the UE. The UE may estimate / determine / derive how much battery power / stored power / available power is available to perform the (corresponding) UL transmission.

[0385] Type of data / signaling (to be transmitted or received)

[0386] The type may be distinguished by at least use case, traffic scenario, service type, quality of service (QoS), logical channel (group), and / or topology. The type may be indicated by the network, determined by the UE, or indicated by higher layers of the UE. The UE may initiate or trigger an UL transmission for transmitting UL data.

[0387] UL approved size

[0388] The size of the required UL grant may be calculated / derived / determined by the UE. The size may correspond to the type of UL data. The size of the required UL grant may be calculated / derived / determined based on the data available for transmission in the UE. The size may be the (potential) transport block size (TBS) of the UL data. The UE may initiate or trigger an UL transmission for transmitting the UL data.

[0389] After the UE calculates / derives / determines the size of the required UL grant, the UE may select a radio resource (pool) accordingly. For example, the UE may select a resource pool associated with a size of UL grant that is greater than or equal to the size of the required UL grant. For example, the UE may select a resource pool where the scheduling / transmission frequency unit in the resource pool is greater than or equal to a threshold associated with the size of the required UL grant. For example, the UE may select a radio resource greater than or equal to the size of the required UL grant.

[0390] After the UE calculates / derives / determines the size of the required UL grant, the UE may select a time domain allocation, a frequency domain allocation, and / or a BWP of radio resources accordingly. For example, the UE may select a time domain allocation associated with a UL grant size that is greater than or equal to the size of the required UL grant. For example, the UE may select a frequency domain allocation that is greater than or equal to the size of the required UL grant.

[0391] UE ID

[0392] A UE ID may be assigned to a UE. The UE ID may be predefined or (pre)configured for the UE (e.g., by the UE). The UE ID may be configured or indicated to the UE (e.g., by the NW). The UE may independently calculate, select, derive, or determine the UE ID. The UE ID may be a temporary ID. The UE ID may be, for example, a random number generated by the UE.

[0393] The UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE ID. For example, the UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on (all or part of) the UE ID modulo (the number of radio resources (pools)).

[0394] The UE may select a time domain allocation based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE ID. For example, the UE may select a time domain allocation based on (all or part of) the UE ID modulo (the number of time domain allocations).

[0395] The UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE ID. For example, the UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on (all or part of) the UE ID modulo (the number of frequency domain allocations).

[0396] The UE may determine / derive the radio resource pool based on received DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL command, paging message, query), where the DL signaling may include an association between the radio resource pool and (all or part of) the UE ID.

[0397] The UE can determine / derive radio resources (time domain allocation and / or frequency domain allocation) based on the received DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL command, paging message, query), where the DL signaling may include an association between the radio resources (time domain allocation and / or frequency domain allocation) and (all or part of) the UE ID.

[0398] The UE may select a BWP based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE ID. For example, the UE may select a BWP based on (all or part of) the UE ID modulo (the number of BWPs).

[0399] UE Group

[0400] Multiple UE groups may exist. A UE may be assigned a UE group or associated with a UE group. A UE may be predefined or (pre)configured with a UE group (e.g., by the UE). A UE group may be configured or indicated to the UE (e.g., by the NW). The UE may receive a group ID and / or a value for deriving / determining the group ID via a query, paging, SIB, PRDCH, and / or PDCCH. The UE may receive a group ID and / or a value for deriving / determining the group ID during registration or authentication.

[0401] Multiple UEs can be assigned to different UE groups based on UE type. UEs of the same UE type can be in the same UE group. UEs of the same UE type can be in different UE groups. UE groups can include UEs of the same or different UE types.

[0402] Multiple UEs may be assigned to or associated with different UE groups based on their UE IDs. For example, a UE may be assigned to or associated with a UE group, wherein the UE group ID of the UE group may be determined / derived / determined based at least on the UE ID of the UE and a value. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the UE group ID of the UE may be determined / derived / determined by taking a modulo value of the UE ID. The value may be the number of UE groups. The value may be provided by the NW or may be predefined or (pre)configured. The UE group ID of the UE may be determined by a formula using the UE ID.

[0403] The UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE group ID. For example, the UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on (all or part of) the UE group ID modulo (the number of radio resources (pools)).

[0404] The UE may select a time domain allocation based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE group ID. For example, the UE may select a time domain allocation based on (all or part of) the UE group ID modulo (the number of time domain allocations).

[0405] The UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE group ID. For example, the UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on (all or part of) the UE group ID modulo (the number of frequency domain allocations).

[0406] The UE may determine / derive the radio resource pool based on received DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL command, paging message, query), where the DL signaling may include an association between the radio resource pool and (all or part of) the UE group ID.

[0407] The UE can determine / derive radio resources (time domain allocation and / or frequency domain allocation) based on the received DL signaling (e.g., DCI, PRDCH, PDCCH, FL / DL command, paging message, query), where the DL signaling may include an association between the radio resources (time domain allocation and / or frequency domain allocation) and (all or part of) the UE group ID.

[0408] The UE may select a BWP based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the UE group ID. For example, the UE may select a BWP based on (all or part of) the UE group ID modulo (the number of BWPs).

[0409] Sensing

[0410] The UE may determine the occupancy of the radio resource (pool) by performing sensing. The UE may determine whether the radio resource (pool) is occupied based on a threshold value of signaling power. The UE may perform sensing periodically.

[0411] If (at least) the radio resource (pool) is not occupied by other UEs (within the corresponding time), the UE may select the radio resource (pool). If (at least) the resource pool is occupied by other UEs (within the corresponding time), the UE may not select the radio resource (pool).

[0412] If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resource (pool) is less than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may select the radio resource (pool). If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resource (pool) is greater than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may not select the radio resource (pool).

[0413] If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resources with time domain allocation is less than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may select time domain allocation. If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resources with time domain allocation is greater than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may not select time domain allocation.

[0414] If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resources with frequency domain allocation is less than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may select frequency domain allocation. If (at least) the signaling power of the radio resources with frequency domain allocation is greater than or equal to the threshold (within the corresponding time), the UE may not select frequency domain allocation.

[0415] Number of repetitions

[0416] The UE may repeatedly transmit the same TB on the selected / determined radio resource. The number of repetitions may correspond to the number of transmissions of the TB for UL transmission (e.g., N). Before performing the remaining retransmissions (e.g., for N-1 times) on the selected / determined radio resource, the UE may perform a new transmission of the TB on the selected / determined radio resource.

[0417] The UE may select a radio resource (pool) associated with a first number of repetitions that is greater than or equal to a second number of repetitions required / determined / estimated by the UE.

[0418] The UE may select a time domain allocation associated with a first number of repetitions that is greater than or equal to a second number of repetitions required / determined / estimated by the UE.

[0419] The UE may select a frequency domain allocation associated with a first number of repetitions that is greater than or equal to a second number of repetitions required / determined / estimated by the UE.

[0420] The UE may select a BWP associated with a first number of repetitions that is greater than or equal to a second number of repetitions required / determined / estimated by the UE.

[0421] Random selection

[0422] The UE may select a radio resource (pool) randomly.

[0423] The UE may select the time domain allocation randomly.

[0424] The UE may randomly select the frequency domain allocation.

[0425] The UE may select a BWP randomly.

[0426] The order of UEs indicated in the paging message

[0427] For example, when the UE's ID or group ID is the first ID or group ID indicated in the list (of multiple UE IDs and / or multiple group IDs) of the paging message, the UE may select the first radio resource (pool). For example, when the UE's ID or group ID is the second ID or group ID indicated in the list (of multiple UE IDs and / or multiple group IDs) of the paging message, the UE may select the second radio resource (pool).

[0428] The UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on a modulo operation and the (ascending or descending) order of the UE ID or UE group ID indicated in the paging message. For example, the UE may select a radio resource (pool) based on the (ascending or descending) order modulo (the number of radio resources (pools)).

[0429] For example, when the UE's ID or group ID is the first ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the first time domain allocation. When the UE's ID or group ID is the second ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the second time domain allocation.

[0430] The UE may select a time domain allocation based on a modulo operation and the (ascending or descending) order of the UE ID or UE group ID indicated in the paging message. For example, the UE may select a time domain allocation based on the (ascending or descending) order modulo (the number of time domain allocations).

[0431] For example, when the UE's ID or group ID is the first ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the first frequency domain allocation. When the UE's ID or group ID is the second ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the second frequency domain allocation.

[0432] The UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on a modulo operation and the (ascending or descending) order of the UE ID or UE group ID indicated in the paging message. For example, the UE may select a frequency domain allocation based on the (ascending or descending) order modulo (the number of frequency domain allocations).

[0433] For example, when the UE's ID or group ID is the first ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the first BWP. When the UE's ID or group ID is the second ID or group ID indicated in the list of the paging message, the UE may select the second BWP.

[0434] The UE may select a BWP based on a modulo operation and the (ascending or descending) order of the UE ID or UE group ID indicated in the paging message. For example, the UE may select a BWP based on the (ascending or descending) order modulo (the number of BWPs).

[0435] Instructions from the Internet

[0436] The network may determine which radio resource pool and / or radio resource the UE is to use. The UE may receive an indication from the network of which radio resource pool and / or radio resource the UE is to use. The network may transmit one or more DL signaling or DL ​​commands indicating the same.

[0437] The UE may not need to perform selection of a radio resource pool. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the UE may need to perform selection of a radio resource pool.

[0438] The UE may not need to perform selection of radio resources from a pool of radio resources. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the UE may need to perform selection of radio resources from a pool of radio resources.

[0439] The network may determine which time domain allocation, frequency domain allocation, and / or BWP the UE is to use. The UE may receive an indication from the network of which time domain allocation, frequency domain allocation, and / or BWP the UE is to use.

[0440] The UE may not need to perform the selection of the time domain allocation. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE may need to perform the selection of the time domain allocation.

[0441] The UE may not need to perform the selection of the frequency domain allocation. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE may need to perform the selection of the frequency domain allocation.

[0442] The UE may not need to perform the selection of a BWP. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the UE may need to perform the selection of a BWP.

[0443] The closest or proximate radio resource

[0444] The UE may select the closest or proximate radio resource (capable of use by the UE and / or feasible for use by the UE) in the (determined) radio resource pool. The UE may select the closest or proximate radio resource (capable of use by the UE and / or feasible for use by the UE) in the radio resource pool.

[0445] The UE may select the closest or proximate radio resource (capable of use by the UE and / or feasible for use by the UE) among multiple time domain allocations.

[0446] The association between the first factor and the radio resource pool may be indicated or configured by the NW in a configuration. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a PRDCH. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a query. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via system information. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via paging. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a PDCCH. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the association may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the association may be fixed.

[0447] The threshold of the first factor may be indicated or configured by the NW. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be fixed.

[0448] The association between the second factor and the radio resource may be indicated or configured by the NW in a configuration. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a PRDCH. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a query. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via system information. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via paging. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the association may be acquired via a PDCCH. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the association may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the association may be fixed.

[0449] The threshold of the second factor may be indicated or configured by the NW. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be fixed.

[0450] The association between the third factor and the time domain allocation and / or frequency domain allocation of radio resources can be indicated or configured by the NW in the configuration. Preferably, in some embodiments, the association can be obtained via PRDCH. Preferably, in some embodiments, the association can be obtained via query. Preferably, in some embodiments, the association can be obtained via system information. Preferably, in some embodiments, the association can be obtained via paging. Preferably, in some embodiments, the association can be obtained via PDCCH. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the association can be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the association can be fixed.

[0451] The threshold of the third factor may be indicated or configured by the NW. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold may be fixed.

[0452] The UE may repeatedly transmit the same TB on the selected / determined radio resource. The number of repetitions may correspond to the number of transmissions of the TB for UL transmission (e.g., N). Before performing the remaining retransmissions (e.g., for N-1 times) on the selected / determined radio resource, the UE may perform a new transmission of the TB on the selected / determined radio resource.

[0453] The UE may select / determine the number of repetitions (to be used by the UE) from among (possibly) configured / predefined numbers of repetitions. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the number of repetitions (to be used by the UE) may be assigned by the network.

[0454] The number of repetitions may be selected / determined based on signal power strength (e.g., RSRP). For example, if a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is at least met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If the threshold is not at least met, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the threshold is met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. The UE may not select the number of repetitions until the threshold is met.

[0455] For example, if at least the power measurement (e.g., RSRP) is greater than or equal to a threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to a first threshold value (e.g., for RSRP) and less than a second threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the first number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than the first threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the second number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than the second threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the third number of repetitions.

[0456] For example, if at least the power measurement (e.g., RSRP) is less than or equal to a threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to a first threshold value (e.g., for RSRP) and greater than a second threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the first number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is greater than the first threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the second number of repetitions. If at least the power measurement is less than the second threshold value (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select the third number of repetitions.

[0457] For example, the number of repetitions may be selected / determined based on the peak transmit power. If a threshold (e.g., for the peak transmit power) is at least met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If the threshold is not at least met, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the threshold is met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. The UE may not select the number of repetitions until the threshold is met.

[0458] For example, if at least the peak transmit power of the UE is a first value, the UE may select a first number of repetitions. If at least the peak transmit power of the UE is a second value, the UE may select a second number of repetitions.

[0459] The number of repetitions may be selected / determined based on the UE's battery power / storage power / available power / power level. For example, if at least a threshold value (of the UE's battery power / storage power / amount of available power) is met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the threshold value is not met, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the threshold value is met, the UE may select the number of repetitions. The UE may not select the number of repetitions until the threshold value is met.

[0460] For example, if at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is less than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may not select the number of repetitions. Once the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may select the number of repetitions. If at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and less than a second threshold value, the UE may select a first number of repetitions. If at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is less than the first threshold value, the UE may select a second number of repetitions. If at least the battery power / storage power / available power / power level of the UE is greater than the second threshold value, the UE may select a third number of repetitions.

[0461] The number of repetitions may be selected / determined based on the UE type. For example, the first UE may select a number of repetitions (e.g., if (at least) the first UE is device A in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09)). The first UE may select multiple numbers of repetitions (e.g., if (at least) the first UE is device A in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09)). The second UE may not be of the same type as the first UE (e.g., the second UE is device C in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09)). The second UE may select the same number of repetitions as the one selected by the first UE. The second UE may not select the same number of repetitions as the one selected by the first UE. The second UE may select a different number of repetitions than the one selected by the first UE.

[0462] In addition, each repeated UL transmission may occur at a different time opportunity pattern. Retransmissions may occur at consecutive time opportunities. Retransmissions may occur at every fixed time opportunity. The time opportunities between two retransmissions may be different.

[0463] The repetition pattern may be predefined or (pre)configured. The UE may be predefined / (pre)configured with multiple repetition patterns. The UE may determine a repetition pattern among the predefined / (pre)configured patterns.

[0464] The UE may select / determine the mode (to be used by the UE) from the (possibly) configured / predefined modes. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the mode (to be used by the UE) may be assigned by the network.

[0465] The repetition pattern may be associated with a radio resource pool. For example, if (at least) the selected / determined resource pool is associated with a repetition pattern, the UE may select the pattern. If (at least) the selected / determined resource pool is not associated with a repetition pattern, the UE may not select the pattern.

[0466] The repetition mode may be selected based on signal power strength (e.g., RSRP). For example, if a threshold (e.g., for RSRP) is at least met, the UE may select the repetition mode. If the threshold is not at least met, the UE may not select the repetition mode. Once the threshold is met, the UE may select the repetition mode. The UE may not select the repetition mode until the threshold is met.

[0467] For example, if at least the power measurement (e.g., RSRP) is greater than or equal to a threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a mode. If at least the power measurement is less than or equal to the threshold, the UE may not select a mode. Once the power measurement is greater than or equal to the threshold, the UE may select a mode. If at least the power measurement is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., for RSRP) and less than a second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a first mode. If at least the power measurement is less than the first threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a second mode. If at least the power measurement is greater than the second threshold (e.g., for RSRP), the UE may select a third mode.

[0468] For example, if at least the power level of the UE is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the UE may select a mode. If at least the power level of the UE is a specific value, the UE may select a mode. If at least the power level of the UE is less than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may not select a mode. If at least the power level of the UE is not a specific value, the UE may not select a mode. Once the power level of the UE is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the UE may select a mode. If at least the power level of the UE is greater than or equal to a first threshold value and less than a second threshold value, the UE may select a first mode. If at least the power level of the UE is less than the first threshold value, the UE may select a second mode. If at least the power level of the UE is greater than the second threshold value, the UE may select a third mode.

[0469] Preferably, in some embodiments, the time gaps between resources of a pattern may be different or the same for different patterns. The time gaps of the second pattern may be longer than or equal to the time gaps of the first pattern, and / or the time gaps of the first pattern may be longer than or equal to the time gaps of the third pattern. Preferably, in some embodiments, different patterns may be applied at different timings (e.g., during carrier durations). The third pattern may be applied / utilized earlier than the first pattern, and / or the first pattern may be applied / utilized earlier than the second pattern.

[0470] The repetition pattern may be determined based on the UE type. The first UE may be predefined / (pre)configured with a repetition pattern (e.g., if (at least) the first UE is device A in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09)). The first UE may be predefined / (pre)configured with multiple repetition patterns. The second UE may not be of the same type as the first UE (e.g., the second UE is device C in [2] 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 (2023-09)). The second UE may be predefined / (pre)configured with the same repetition pattern as the first UE is predefined / (pre)configured with. The second UE may not be predefined / (pre)configured with the same repetition pattern as the first UE is predefined / (pre)configured with. The second UE may be predefined / (pre)configured with a different number of repetitions than the number of repetitions predefined / (pre)configured with the first UE. The second UE may use a different repetition pattern than the repetition pattern used by the first UE.

[0471] It should be noted that any of the methods, alternatives, concepts, examples and embodiments above and herein may be combined in whole or in part, or applied simultaneously or individually.

[0472] The UE may receive a configuration related to the ambient IoT. The UE may receive a configuration and / or radio resources for UL transmission. Throughout this disclosure, the following may be interchangeable: configuration, appropriate configuration, first configuration.

[0473] The power level may be (indicates) the power state of the UE.

[0474] Throughout this disclosure, “UL” may be replaced with D2R or “device to reader.” A UL transmission may be a transmission from an ambient IoT device (or ambient IoT UE) to a reader (or base station, network node, intermediate node, intermediate UE).

[0475] Throughout this disclosure, DL may be replaced with R2D or “reader-to-device.” A DL transmission may be a transmission from a reader (or base station, network node, intermediate node, intermediate UE) to an ambient IoT device (or ambient IoT UE).

[0476] Throughout this disclosure, a reader may be, or may be replaced by, a network network (NW), a user equipment terminal (UE), and / or an intermediate node. Throughout this disclosure, a device may be, or may be replaced by, a user equipment terminal (UE), and / or an intermediate node. A device may be referred to as an ambient IoT device. A "UE" may include a reader and / or a device. A "NW / intermediate node" may include a reader. A UE / device may receive a carrier wave from a reader. A UE / device may receive a carrier wave from a node other than a reader.

[0477] Throughout this disclosure, “PDRCH” may be replaced with “physical channel for D2R (data / control) transmission,” “physical device-to-reader channel,” and / or “channel for transmission from device to reader.”

[0478] Throughout this disclosure, “PRDCH” may be replaced with “physical channel for R2D (data / control) transmission,” “physical reader-to-device channel,” and / or “channel for transmission from reader to device.”

[0479] Throughout this disclosure, “Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)” may be replaced with “uplink shared channel,” “PUSCH for ambient IoT,” “PDRCH,” or “physical channel for D2R (data / control) transmission.”

[0480] Throughout this disclosure, “PDCCH” may be replaced with “downlink control channel,” “downlink control information,” “PDCCH for ambient IoT,” “PRDCH,” or “physical channel for R2D (data / control) transmission.”

[0481] Throughout this disclosure, “DCI” may be replaced with R2D control information.

[0482] Throughout this disclosure, “UCI” may be replaced with D2R control information.

[0483] Throughout this disclosure, DCI may be transmitted via the PRDCH.

[0484] Throughout this disclosure, DCI may be transmitted via the PDCCH.

[0485] Throughout this disclosure, DCI may be transmitted via FL / DL / R2D commands.

[0486] Throughout this disclosure, “Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)” may be replaced with “downlink shared channel,” “PDSCH for ambient IoT,” “PRDCH,” or “physical channel for R2D (data) transmission.”

[0487] Throughout this disclosure, “BWP” may be replaced with “system bandwidth,” “channel bandwidth,” “transmission bandwidth,” “occupied bandwidth,” “subband of a cell / subband in a cell,” or “a subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell.”

[0488] Throughout this disclosure, “cell” may be replaced with “intermediate node”.

[0489] Throughout this disclosure, radio resources (pools) may be used only by ambient IoT UEs. Non-ambient IoT UEs may not be allowed to use radio resources (pools). Throughout this disclosure, a radio resource pool may not be a sidelink resource pool for the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) and / or Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL PRS).

[0490] Throughout this disclosure, radio resources (pools) may be used for a link (eg, Uu link, R2D, D2R, UL, DL, or SL) between a UE and a network.

[0491] Throughout this disclosure, “UL resources (pool)” may be replaced with “radio resources (pool) for D2R transmission” or “radio resources (pool) for UL transmission”.

[0492] Throughout this disclosure, “retransmission” may be replaced with “repetition for D2R transmission” or “repetition for UL transmission”.

[0493] Throughout this disclosure, networks (nodes) may be changed / represented / replaced as intermediate nodes or readers.

[0494] Throughout this disclosure, a query may be changed / represented / replaced as a query message.

[0495] Throughout this disclosure, query may be changed / represented / replaced as DCI / PRDCH / PDCCH that schedules / contains the query message.

[0496] Throughout this disclosure, a query may be changed / represented / replaced as a FL / DL / R2D command that schedules / contains a query message.

[0497] Throughout this disclosure, paging may be changed / denoted / replaced as a paging message or a query (message).

[0498] Throughout this disclosure, paging may be changed / represented / replaced with DCI / PDCCH that schedules / contains paging messages.

[0499] Throughout this disclosure, paging may be changed / represented / replaced as a FL / DL / R2D command that schedules / contains a paging message.

[0500] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via R2D.

[0501] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via D2R.

[0502] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via UL.

[0503] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via DL.

[0504] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via a SL.

[0505] Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception may be via PRDCH.Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception may be via PDRCH.

[0506] Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception may be via the PUSCH.

[0507] Throughout this disclosure, transmission or reception (of data and / or signaling) may be via the PDSCH.

[0508] Throughout this disclosure, a (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception may be a message A (MsgA) transmission.

[0509] Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) transmission or reception may be a message 3 (Msg3) transmission.

[0510] Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) transmission may be replaced with D2R transmission (from device to reader).

[0511] Throughout this disclosure, (data and / or signaling) reception may be replaced with R2D reception (from reader to device).

[0512] Throughout this disclosure, DL may be replaced with FL or R2D.

[0513] Throughout this disclosure, UL may be replaced by Backward Link (BL) or D2R.

[0514] Throughout this disclosure, a "random access (RA) procedure" may be an access procedure performed by a (ambient IoT) UE / device, replaced by an access procedure performed by a (ambient IoT) UE / device, and / or referred to as an access procedure performed by a (ambient IoT) UE / device. Resources and / or configurations used for the access procedure may include, for example, PDRCH resources, timing, frequency, and / or frequency band for D2R transmission. Resources and / or configurations used for the access procedure may include, for example, parameters, random numbers, group numbers, and / or auxiliary information for D2R transmission.

[0515] Throughout this disclosure, “2-step RA” may be, be replaced by, and / or be referred to as a 2-step access procedure performed by a (ambient IoT) UE / device.

[0516] Throughout this disclosure, “4-step RA” may be, be replaced by, and / or be referred to as a 4-step access procedure performed by a (ambient IoT) UE / device.

[0517] The UE may perform RA, (initial) access, (ambient IoT) response / report, and / or (R2D / D2R) transmission procedures. The procedures may be the procedures described above (throughout this disclosure). The UE may access the NW / intermediate node, receive signaling / messages / configuration, and / or transmit (D2R) data via the procedures. The UE may receive signaling from the NW / intermediate node (e.g., from a reader). The signaling may be the signaling described above. The signaling may be a query, paging, indication, and / or R2D message. RA may be contention-based random access (CBRA) or contention-free random access (CFRA).

[0518] In response to receiving the signaling, the UE may trigger / perform the process and / or the following transmissions. During the process, the UE may transmit a first transmission to the NW / intermediate node. The NW / intermediate node may transmit a second transmission to the UE in response to receiving / detecting the first transmission. In response to transmitting the first transmission or after transmitting the first transmission, the UE may receive a second transmission from the NW / intermediate node. In response to receiving the second transmission, the UE may transmit a third transmission to the NW / intermediate node. The NW / intermediate node may transmit a fourth transmission to the UE in response to receiving the third transmission. The NW / intermediate node may not transmit the fourth transmission to the UE in response to receiving the third transmission. In response to transmitting the third transmission or after transmitting the third transmission, the UE may or may not receive a fourth transmission from the NW / intermediate node. In response to receiving the fourth transmission, the UE may transmit a fifth transmission to the NW / intermediate node.

[0519] The signaling may include / indicate (at least one) (e.g., dedicated / contention-free) (radio) resource for the first transmission. In response to receiving the signaling, the UE may determine / derive / select resources (from the resources included / indicated in the signaling) to perform the first transmission in the process. The (radio) resources included / indicated in the first signaling may include at least time-domain radio resources and / or frequency-domain radio resources. Alternatively and / or in addition, in certain embodiments, the signaling may include a configuration related to the (radio) resources. The configuration included / indicated in the signaling may include / indicate the time-domain allocation and / or frequency-domain allocation of the (radio) resources. The configuration included / indicated in the signaling may include / indicate the association between the (radio) resources and the UE (and / or UE group). The first transmission in the process may be / include information of a random number (e.g., in the case of CBRA and / or CFRA). The first transmission in the process may be / include information of a preamble number and / or information of an (access) ID selected / generated / determined by the UE.

[0520] The second transmission in the process may be a response and / or confirmation to the first transmission. The second transmission may indicate, identify and / or correspond to the first transmission. The second transmission may provide resources for a subsequent D2R transmission, such as a third transmission.

[0521] The third transmission in the process may be / include information of UE / device ID, report, assistance information, D2R data, and / or information from the UE.

[0522] The fourth transmission in the process may be a response, confirmation, DL / R2D command, R2D data, and / or scheduling to the third transmission. The fourth transmission may indicate, identify, and / or correspond to the third transmission. The fourth transmission may provide resources for a subsequent D2R transmission. The fourth transmission may indicate, notify, and / or allow a fifth transmission.

[0523] The fifth transmission in the process may be / include feedback (of the fourth transmission), a report, assistance information, D2R data and / or information from the UE.

[0524] The first transmission, the third transmission, and the fifth transmission may be a D2R transmission and / or a PDRCH transmission. The signaling, the second transmission, and the fourth transmission may be an R2D transmission and / or a PRDCH transmission. The signaling and the second transmission may be broadcast, provided, and / or transmitted to one or more UEs. The second transmission and the fourth transmission may be provided and / or transmitted to a dedicated UE. The fourth transmission and / or the fifth transmission may be subsequent transmissions during or after the process.

[0525] Throughout this disclosure, Message 1 (Msg1) and / or MSGA may be replaced by the first transmission. Throughout this disclosure, Message 2 (Msg2), a Random Access Response (RAR), and / or Message B (MSGB) may be replaced by the second transmission. Throughout this disclosure, MSGA and / or Msg3 may be replaced by the third transmission. Throughout this disclosure, MSGB and / or Message 4 (Msg4) may be replaced by the fourth transmission. Throughout this disclosure, Message 5 (Msg5) may be replaced by the fifth transmission.

[0526] The UE's identity and / or UE ID may be or include a random number, a temporary number, a preamble number (e.g., RAPID), a temporary number, and / or an ID selected / generated / determined by the UE. The UE's identity and / or UE ID may be or include a device ID, a UE ID, a group ID, a contention resolution identifier, and / or an RNTI of the UE. The (access) ID included in the first transmission may be different from the device / UE ID included in the third transmission.

[0527] Throughout this disclosure, the following may be interchangeable: "initiating a process," "performing a process," "triggering a process," and / or "executing a process."

[0528] UE may be referred to as UE, RRC layer of UE, MAC entity of UE or physical layer of UE.

[0529] Throughout this disclosure, a UE may be an ambient IoT device / UE. A UE may be a device for ambient IoT. A UE may be a device with ambient IoT capabilities. A UE may be a NR device. A UE may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) device. A UE may be an IoT device. A UE may be a wearable device. A UE may be a sensor. A UE may be a fixed device. A UE may be a tag. Throughout this disclosure, the following may be used interchangeably: (ambient IoT) UE, (ambient IoT) device.

[0530] A UE may not be a legacy UE. A legacy UE may be a non-ambient IoT device. A legacy UE may perform different processes than an ambient IoT UE. The UE may be a legacy UE capable of performing ambient IoT processes. Throughout this disclosure, the following are interchangeable: ordinary UE, legacy UE. An ambient IoT UE may have ambient IoT capabilities. A legacy UE may or may not have ambient IoT process capabilities.

[0531] The network may be a network node. The network (node) may be a base station. The network (node) may be an access point. The network (node) may be an evolved Node B (eNB). The network (node) may be a next-generation Node B (gNB). The network (node) may be a gateway. The network (node) may be a reader.

[0532] Various examples and embodiments of the present invention are described below.With respect to the methods, alternatives, concepts, examples and embodiments described above and in detail herein, the following aspects and embodiments are possible.

[0533] refer to Figure 8 , utilizing this and other concepts, systems, and methods of the present invention, a method 1000 for a first UE in a wireless communication system includes determining or deriving (at least) a first configuration by a first method, wherein the first configuration is determined or derived by a second UE by a second method, or is not determined or derived by the second method (step 1002).

[0534] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one or more embodiments from the perspective of a first UE in a wireless communication system, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in a memory 310 of a transmitter. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to: (i) determine or derive (at least) a first configuration by a first method, wherein the first configuration is determined or derived by a second UE by a second method, or not determined or derived by the second method. In addition, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform all described actions, steps, and methods described above, below, or otherwise herein.

[0535] refer to Figure 9 , utilizing this and other concepts, systems, and methods of the present invention, a method 1010 for a network node in a wireless communication system includes configuring a first UE with (at least) a first configuration by a first method (step 1012), and / or configuring a second UE with (at least) the first configuration by a second method (step 1014).

[0536] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one or more embodiments from the perspective of a network node in a wireless communication system, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in a memory 310 of a transmitter. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to: (i) configure a first UE with (at least) a first configuration via a first method; and / or (ii) configure a second UE with (at least) the first configuration via a second method. Furthermore, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform all of the described actions, steps, and methods described above, below, or otherwise herein.

[0537] refer to Figure 10 , utilizing this and other concepts, systems, and methods of the present invention, a method 1020 for a first UE in a wireless communication system includes performing a resource selection step (step 1022), and performing transmission or reception without at least a first configuration, wherein a second UE requires the first configuration to perform the transmission or reception (step 1024).

[0538] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one or more embodiments from the perspective of a first UE in a wireless communication system, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in a memory 310 of a transmitter. CPU 308 can execute program code 312 to: (i) perform resource selection steps; and (ii) perform transmission or reception without at least a first configuration, where the second UE requires the first configuration to perform the transmission or reception. In addition, CPU 308 can execute program code 312 to perform all described actions, steps, and methods described above, below, or otherwise herein.

[0539] In various embodiments, the first UE is an ambient IoT UE.

[0540] In various embodiments, the second UE is not an ambient IoT UE.

[0541] In various embodiments, the first UE determines or derives a first value of the first configuration.

[0542] In various embodiments, the second UE determines or derives the second value of the first configuration.

[0543] In various embodiments, the first method or the second method is to receive common signaling from a network node.

[0544] In various embodiments, the first method or the second method is to receive dedicated signaling from the network node.

[0545] In various embodiments, the first method or the second method will preconfigure or predefine the first configuration.

[0546] In various embodiments, the first method and the second method are different.

[0547] In various embodiments, the first configuration includes a configuration related to the BWP.

[0548] In various embodiments, the first configuration includes configuration related to paging or system information.

[0549] In various embodiments, the first configuration includes a configuration related to parameters specific to the first UE.

[0550] In various embodiments, the resource selection step comprises radio resource pool selection based on the first configuration.

[0551] In various embodiments, the resource selection step includes performing a radio resource selection among the selected radio resource pool based on the first configuration.

[0552] In various embodiments, the resource selection step includes making a radio resource allocation selection based on the selected radio resource based on the first configuration.

[0553] In various embodiments, the first configuration includes a number of repetitions and a repetition pattern for the UL transmission.

[0554] In various embodiments, the first configuration includes UE type, power level, UL data type, UL data size, UE ID, UE group ID, sensing and / or repetition number.

[0555] In various embodiments, UL transmission with repetitions occurs on selected radio resources.

[0556] The (ambient IoT) UE will initiate an UL procedure (for (data and / or signaling) transmission) or perform (data and / or signaling) transmission when necessary. For example, the (ambient IoT) UE may receive signaling from the NW. In response to receiving the signaling, the (ambient IoT) UE will initiate an UL procedure or perform transmission.

[0557] Signaling can be used to trigger (or instruct) the UE's UL process. Signaling can be used to trigger (or instruct) the UE to transmit (or receive). The transmission from the UE can be (or include) backscatter transmission (or reception), or can be generated internally by the UE. Signaling can be used to provide power and / or energy to the UE. Signaling can be (or include) RRC signaling (e.g., RRC configuration message), MAC signaling (e.g., MAC CE), or PHY signaling (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, FL / DL command). Signaling can be (or include) a carrier (signal) and / or an inquiry signal.

[0558] Signaling may be public signaling or dedicated signaling. Public signaling may be (or include) cell-specific configuration. Public signaling may be (or include) configuration common to multiple UEs, a group of UEs, and / or a group of UEs. Public signaling may be (or include) broadcast signaling, system information, and / or paging messages. Dedicated signaling may be (or include) UE-specific configuration. Dedicated signaling may be (or include) configuration dedicated to a (single) UE. Dedicated signaling may be (or include) RRC signaling (e.g., RRC configuration message). Dedicated signaling may be (or include) MAC signaling (e.g., MAC CE). Dedicated signaling may be (or include) PHY signaling (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, FL / DL command).

[0559] For example, in response to or after receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer of the UE (e.g., Non-Access Stratum (NAS)), the UE may determine whether or when to initiate (or trigger, perform) an UL procedure or transmission. The NW signaling may be the signaling described above. The UE may determine whether or when to initiate (or trigger, perform) an UL procedure based on a first condition.

[0560] For example, in response to receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE (or if, when, or after receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE), the UE may check a first condition. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are met, the UE may initiate, trigger, perform, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are not met, the UE may not initiate, trigger, and / or continue an UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) the first condition (one, some or all) is not met, the UE may stop, cancel and / or suspend the UL procedure or transmission.

[0561] If (at least) (one, some or all) first conditions are met, for example, after receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE or in response to receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may initiate, trigger, perform, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some or all) first conditions are not met, for example, after receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE or in response to receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE or in response to receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may not initiate, trigger, and / or continue an UL procedure or transmission. For example, after receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, or in response to receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may not initiate, trigger, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission until (one, some, or all) first conditions are met. If (at least) (one, some, or all) first conditions are not met, for example, after receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, or in response to receiving signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may stop, cancel, and / or suspend the UL procedure or transmission. After or when the UE receives NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may check whether the first condition is met. After or when the UE receives NW signaling, the UE may check whether the first condition is met in response to UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE. Once (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are met, or after (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are met, the UE may initiate an UL procedure or transmission.In response to receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission and / or a request from an upper layer of the UE (e.g., NAS) (or if NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission and / or a request from an upper layer of the UE (e.g., NAS)) is received, when NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission and / or a request from an upper layer of the UE (e.g., NAS) is received, after receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission and / or a request from an upper layer of the UE (e.g., NAS)), once (at least) (one, some, or all) first conditions are met, the UE may initiate, trigger, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission. After or when the UE receives NW signaling, in response to UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, once (at least) (one, some, or all) first conditions are met, the UE may initiate, trigger, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission. After or when the UE receives NW signaling, if there is no UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may not check whether the first condition is met. After or when the UE receives NW signaling, if there is no UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, the UE may not initiate, trigger, perform, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission.

[0562] Alternatively and / or in addition, in certain embodiments, in response to receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE (or if, when, after receiving NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, and / or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE), the UE may initiate, trigger, continue, and / or resume an UL procedure or transmission. The NW signaling may be the signaling described above. The UE may determine whether or when to perform (the first or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for an UL procedure or transmission based on a first condition.

[0563] When an UL procedure or transmission is pending, the UE may check a first condition. The UL procedure or transmission is pending when the UE receives NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, and / or triggering (e.g., by an upper layer) of the UL procedure; after the UE receives NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, and / or triggering (e.g., by an upper layer) of the UL procedure; or after the UE receives NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE, and / or triggering (e.g., by an upper layer) of the UL procedure. The UL procedure or transmission is pending when, after, or after the UL procedure or transmission is suspended. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are met, the UE may perform (the first or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some or all of the first conditions) are not met, the UE may not perform (the first or first time or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission.

[0564] The UE may check a first condition in response to initiating, triggering, continuing, and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are met, the UE may perform (the first time, first attempt, or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are not met, the UE may not perform (the first time, first attempt, or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some, or all) of the first conditions are not met, the UE may delay and / or suspend the UL procedure or transmission.

[0565] If (at least) (one, some or all) first conditions are met after initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission or in response to initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission, the UE may perform (the first time or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. If (at least) (one, some or all) first conditions are not met after initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission or in response to initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission, the UE may not perform (the first time or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. After initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission or in response to initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission, the UE may not perform (the first time or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission until (one, some or all) first conditions are met. If (at least) the first condition (one, some or all) is not met after initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming the UL procedure or transmission or in response to initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming the UL procedure or transmission, the UE may delay and / or suspend the UL procedure or transmission. The first condition (one, some or all) may be met after or when the UE receives NW signaling, UL data / signaling arrival, UL data available for transmission, or a request from an upper layer (e.g., NAS) of the UE and the UE initiates, triggers, continues and / or resumes the UL procedure or transmission. Once the first condition (one, some or all) is met or after the first condition (one, some or all) is met, the UE may perform (the first or first time or first step of) the radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission. In response to initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission (or if initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission, when initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission, after initiating, triggering, continuing and / or resuming an UL procedure or transmission), once (one, some or all of the first conditions) are met, the UE may perform (the first or first time or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission.

[0566] The first condition for determining whether or when to initiate (or trigger, perform) an UL procedure or transmission and the first condition for determining whether or when to perform (the first time or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission may be the same. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the first condition for determining whether or when to initiate (or trigger, perform) an UL procedure or transmission and the first condition for determining whether or when to perform (the first time or first step of) a radio resource selection procedure for the UL procedure or transmission may be (partially or completely) different.

[0567] For example, based on a first factor as described below, one or more of the first conditions may be applied / checked by the first UE and may not be applied / checked by the second UE. The first UE and the second UE may have different configurations and / or values ​​for the first condition(s). The first UE and the second UE may be different UEs, for example, distinguished by the first factor. The first UE and the second UE may be ambient IoT UEs. The UE may determine whether to use the first condition(s) based on the first factor. The UE may determine which value of the first condition(s) to use based on the first factor.

[0568] UL data / signaling may be allowed to be transmitted through a UL procedure or transmission.

[0569] The UL procedure may include one or more of the following:

[0570] - assignment of radio resources from the network for new transmissions, retransmissions and / or repetitions;

[0571] - UE selection of radio resources for new transmission, retransmission and / or repetition

[0572] - one or more new transmissions in UL;

[0573] - one or more retransmissions of a new transmission;

[0574] - one or more repetitions of a new transmission;

[0575] - One or more feedbacks from the network indicating whether the network successfully received a new transmission, retransmission, repeat, or TB from the UE;

[0576] - an indication from the network to stop or complete the UL procedure; and / or

[0577] - A timer or duration used to control the duration of the UL procedure.

[0578] Any of the methods, alternatives, concepts, examples and embodiments above and herein may be combined in whole or in part, or applied simultaneously or individually.

[0579] The first condition may be (or include) one or more of the following:

[0580] - Proper configuration.

[0581] The first condition may include that the (appropriate / corresponding) configuration is received, available, determined, derived, and / or valid. For example, this condition may be satisfied if (at least) the (appropriate / corresponding) configuration is received, available, determined, derived, and / or valid. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the corresponding configuration of the first factor is received, available, determined, derived, and / or valid. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the configuration related to the first factor is received, available, determined, derived, and / or valid. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) a configuration specific to one of the first factors is selected. The configuration may be associated with the first factor. The configuration may be different based on the first factor. The UE may determine whether the configuration is appropriate based on the first factor. The UE may determine whether the (appropriate / corresponding) configuration is available and / or valid based on the first factor. If (at least) the (appropriate / corresponding) configuration (related to the first factor) is not received, available, determined, derived, and / or valid, this condition may not be satisfied.

[0582] A (suitable) configuration may include or indicate one or more of the following:

[0583] - Configuration related to the BWP (of the cell);

[0584] -Paging related configuration;

[0585] -Configuration related to system information;

[0586] - configuration related to (data) transmission or reception;

[0587] - Configuration related to downlink control signaling;

[0588] -Threshold value for power measurement (or signal power strength);

[0589] - threshold value of power in energy storage;

[0590] - (possible) number of repetitions (for (UL) transmission performed by the UE);

[0591] - a (possible) repetition pattern (for (UL) transmissions performed by the UE);

[0592] - configuration related to time, duration or timer;

[0593] - Periodicity of radio resources;

[0594] -UE ID;

[0595] -UE group ID;

[0596] - Duration of the UE group;

[0597] - Association between radio resources (pools) and UE IDs associated with UEs and / or UE groups;

[0598] - Association between radio resources (pools) and the order of UEs indicated in the paging message;

[0599] -Configuration for sensing whether radio resources are used;

[0600] - Pool of radio resources;

[0601] -Time domain allocation of radio resources;

[0602] - Frequency domain allocation of radio resources; and / or

[0603] - The BWP associated with the radio resource.

[0604] Radio resources can be contention-based or contention-free.

[0605] The (appropriate) configuration may be received, made available, determined, derived or made available to the UE by one or more of the following:

[0606] - carried via public signalling (from the network);

[0607] - carried via dedicated signaling (from the network);

[0608] - preconfigured or predefined or fixed; and / or

[0609] - A mix of the above.

[0610] Any of the methods, alternatives, concepts, examples and embodiments above and herein may be combined in whole or in part, or applied simultaneously or individually.

[0611] Signaling target (UE or UE group)

[0612] The first condition may include receiving or indicating information related to the UE's UE group (ID) or UE ID in NW signaling (as described above, for example, system information or paging message or DL ​​command). The information may be (all or part of) the UE's UE group (ID) or (all or part of) the UE's UE ID. For example, this condition may be met if (at least) the UE's UE group (ID) is received or indicated in a paging message. This condition may be met if (at least) the UE's UE ID is received or indicated in a paging message. This condition may be met if (at least) the UE's UE group (ID) is received or indicated in the system information. This condition may be met if (at least) (all or part of) the UE's UE group (ID) or (all or part of) the UE's UE ID is satisfied by a formula or is equal to a specific value (indicated in NW signaling). The formula may be predefined or (pre)configured by the NW or the UE. The UE may determine the UE group (ID) of the UE based on the first factor. The UE may determine the UE ID based on the first factor. This condition may not be met if (at least) information related to the UE's UE group (ID) or UE ID is not received or indicated in NW signaling. This condition may not be met if (at least) (all or part of) the UE's UE group (ID) or (all or part of) the UE's UE ID is not satisfied by the formula or is not equal to a specific value (indicated in NW signaling).

[0613] Available data or signaling

[0614] The first condition may include that the UE has available data or signaling to be transmitted. For example, this condition may be met if (at least) data or signaling is allowed to be sent through the UL process or transmission. Not all data or signaling generated by the UE may be allowed to be transmitted through the UL process or transmission. This condition may be met if (at least) there is data or signaling ready to be transmitted by the UE. This condition may be met if (at least) the type of data or signaling is allowed to be transmitted through the UL process or transmission. This condition may be met if (at least) the size of the data or signaling is allowed to be transmitted through the UL process or transmission. Whether the type and / or size is allowed to be transmitted through the UL process or transmission may be controlled by the NW (for example, via NW signaling as described above). This condition may not be met if (at least) the UE does not have available data and / or signaling that is allowed to be transmitted through the UL process or transmission.

[0615] UE Type

[0616] The first condition may include that the type of UE is supported by the cell in which the UE resides. Which type of UE is supported by the cell may be indicated by the cell (e.g., via NW signaling as described above). For example, for a first UE on a (residing) first cell, this condition may be (at least) satisfied. For a second UE on a (residing) second cell, this condition may not be (at least) satisfied. The second UE may have the same UE type as the first UE. The first cell and the second cell may be different cells. For a third UE on a (residing) first cell, this condition may be (at least) satisfied. For a third UE on a (residing) first cell, this condition may not be (at least) satisfied. The third UE may have a different UE type from the first UE. For a fourth UE on a (residing) second cell, this condition may be (at least) satisfied. For a fourth UE on a (residing) second cell, this condition may not be (at least) satisfied. The fourth UE may have a different UE type from the second UE. If (at least) the UE is a UE of the first type, this condition may be satisfied for the cell. If (at least) the UE is a UE of the second type, this condition may not be satisfied for the cell. When the NW signaling indicates support for the first type of UE, the condition may be met if the UE is the first type of UE or if the UE supports the first type of UE. If the UE is not the first type of UE or if the UE does not support the first type of UE, the condition may not be met.

[0617] The NW may know the UE types of the first UE and the second UE. The NW may know the UE types supported by the camped cell.

[0618] Available resources

[0619] The first condition may include the presence of available radio resources for UL procedures or transmissions. The UE may determine (or derive) the available radio resources from at least the configuration. The configuration may be associated with (and / or correspond to) one or more radio resources (pools). Multiple radio resources (pools) may be provided for different configurations. The UE may select / determine the radio resources (pool) corresponding to the configuration. Radio resources for UL transmission may be provided periodically. Radio resources for UL transmission may be provided for a single transmission (or aperiodically, or a single time) (with repetition). The UE may perform backscatter transmission on the radio resources used for UL transmission. The UE may perform UL transmission solely on the radio resources used for UL transmission (internally).

[0620] For example, this condition may be satisfied if (at least) the radio resources are available for UL procedures or transmissions. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the radio resources are provided by the NW. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the radio resources are available for the UE. This condition may be satisfied if the radio resources used for UL procedures or transmissions are available for multiple UEs. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) not all available radio resources are occupied at the same time. This condition may not be satisfied if (at least) the radio resources are not available for UL procedures or transmissions.

[0621] The first condition may include the presence of available radio resources for transmitting / including (all) available UE data to be transmitted. The first condition may include the presence of available radio resources for transmitting a data packet including (all) available UE data to be transmitted. A specific modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or an indicated / determined MCS may be used to check whether radio resources are available.

[0622] Number of repetitions

[0623] The first condition may include that the number of repetitions is determined / selected by the UE. The number of repetitions may correspond to the number of transmissions of the TB for UL transmission (e.g., N). The UE may perform a new transmission of the TB on the selected / determined radio resources before performing the remaining retransmissions (e.g., for N-1 times) on the selected / determined radio resources. For example, this condition may be met if (at least) the UE has determined the number of repetitions (to be used for the UL process or transmission), for example, after performing measurements on the signal. For example, the number of repetitions may be determined if (at least) the signal strength is equal to or greater than a threshold. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the number of repetitions may be (pre)configured / indicated by the NW. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the number of repetitions may be fixed. This condition may not be met if (at least) the UE has not yet determined the number of repetitions (to be used for the UL process or transmission), for example, measurements on the signal have not yet been performed.

[0624] Power Level

[0625] The first condition may include satisfying a power level. For example, this condition may be satisfied if (at least) a threshold value for the power level is satisfied. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the power level is greater than or equal to the threshold value. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the power level is equal to a specific value. This condition may not be satisfied if (at least) the power level is less than or equal to the threshold value. This condition may not be satisfied if (at least) the power level is not equal to the specific value. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, this condition may be satisfied if (at least) the power level is less than or equal to the threshold value. This condition may be satisfied if (at least) the power level is equal to the specific value. This condition may not be satisfied if (at least) the power level is greater than or equal to the threshold value. This condition may not be satisfied if (at least) the power level is not equal to the specific value. When determining whether the power level is satisfied, the number of repetitions (e.g., to be used for an UL procedure or transmission), the repetition pattern (e.g., to be used for an UL procedure or transmission), and / or a time-related configuration (e.g., for the end of a carrier (signal)) may also be considered.

[0626] The power level may include any one or more of the following embodiments. There may be one or more thresholds for (determining whether) the power level is met. The power level may be determined by a threshold. The threshold of the power level may be configured by the network or derived by the UE. The threshold of the power level may be indicated by the cell (e.g., via NW signaling as described above). The threshold of the power level may be determined based on the following embodiments and / or (selected) UL resources / configuration. The threshold of the power level may be indicated or configured by the NW. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold of the power level may be determined by the UE. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the threshold of the power level may be fixed.

[0627] A threshold value for a power level may be indicated for a configuration of a radio resource pool. A threshold value for a power level may be indicated for one or more resources.

[0628] The UE may choose to utilize the same or different power level embodiments for different radio resource allocations. One or more power level thresholds may exist. The power level may be determined by the thresholds. The power level thresholds may be configured by the network or derived by the UE. The power level thresholds may be determined based on the following embodiments.

[0629] In one or more embodiments or examples, the power level may be as described above (eg, for the first factor specified above).

[0630] For example, the first condition may include that the received power is equal to or greater than a threshold.

[0631] For example, the first condition may include that the path loss is equal to or less than a threshold.

[0632] For example, the first condition may include that the expected / derived / determined UE transmit power is equal to or greater than a threshold.

[0633] For example, the first condition may include that the expected / derived / determined UE transmit power is equal to or greater than a threshold.

[0634] For example, the first condition may include that the maximum UE transmit power is equal to or greater than a threshold. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first condition may include that the maximum UE transmit power is equal to or less than a threshold.

[0635] For example, the first condition may include a value being equal to or greater than a threshold. The value may be the amount of battery power / storage power / available power of the UE. The value may be derived / determined based on the amount of battery power / storage power / available power of the UE and the possible energy charged by the received (incoming) backscatter signal, for example, the value of "battery power / storage power / available power" plus the value of "possible energy charged by the received (incoming) backscatter signal." The value may be derived / determined based on the amount of battery power / storage power / available power of the UE and the possible energy charged by the (ongoing) remaining backscatter signal, for example, the value of "battery power / storage power / available power" plus the value of "possible energy charged by the (ongoing) remaining backscatter signal."

[0636] For example, the first condition may include that the UE transmit power is equal to or greater than a predefined / (pre)configured / indicated power. For example, the first condition may include that a value is equal to or greater than a predefined / (pre)configured / indicated power. The value may be derived / determined based on an expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power and a number of repetitions, for example, a value of "expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power" multiplied by "number of repetitions."

[0637] For example, the first condition may include the power difference being equal to or less than a threshold value or value. The value may be derived / determined based on the expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power and the number of repetitions, e.g., a value of "expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power" multiplied / multiplied by "number of repetitions."

[0638] For example, the first condition may include a power difference being equal to or greater than a threshold value or value. The value may be derived / determined based on an expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power and a number of repetitions, such as a value of "expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power" multiplied / multiplied by "number of repetitions."

[0639] For example, the first condition may include the power difference being equal to or less than a threshold value or value. The value may be derived / determined based on the expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power and the number of repetitions, e.g., a value of "expected / derived / determined / maximum UE transmit power" multiplied / multiplied by "number of repetitions."

[0640] Available time

[0641] The first condition may include that the current timing is within a duration associated with the UE or UE ID. The first condition may include that the current timing is within a duration associated with the UE group (ID) of the UE. For example, if (at least) the duration is associated with the UE group (ID) of the first UE, this condition may be met for the first UE within the duration. If (at least) the duration is not associated with the UE group (ID) of the second UE, this condition may not be met for the second UE within the duration. The UE group of the first UE and the UE group of the second UE may be different. The duration associated with the UE group of the first UE and the duration associated with the UE group of the second UE may be different. This condition may be met if (at least) the current timing is within a duration associated with the UE group (ID) of the UE or with the UE. This condition may not be met if (at least) the current timing is not within a (or any) duration associated with the UE group (ID) of the UE or with the UE.

[0642] Any of the methods, alternatives, concepts, examples and embodiments above and herein may be combined in whole or in part, or applied simultaneously or individually.

[0643] refer to Figure 11 , utilizing this and other concepts, systems, and methods of the present invention, a method 1030 for a UE in a wireless communication system includes receiving a paging for an ambient IoT, the paging indicating at least one configuration of at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs associated with a plurality of uncontentioned radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include an ID of the UE (step 1032); in response to receiving the paging, selecting a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontentioned radio resources (step 1034); and performing a first transmission using the first radio resource (step 1036).

[0644] In various embodiments, the UE selects the first radio resource based on an order of UEs indicated in the paging, and wherein the order is associated with the ID of the UE, and / or the order of the UE represents the order of the ID of the UE among one or more IDs of multiple UEs indicated in the paging.

[0645] In various embodiments, the order of the first radio resources in the plurality of uncontentioned radio resources is the same as the order of the IDs of the UEs indicated in the one or more IDs or the order of the UEs indicated in the paging.

[0646] In various embodiments, the UE selects the first radio resource based on a modulo operation and (all or part of) the ID of the UE.

[0647] In various embodiments, the first radio resource among the multiple non-contention radio resources is calculated or determined based on (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the multiple non-contention radio resources, and / or the order of the first radio resource among the multiple non-contention radio resources is calculated or determined based on (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the multiple non-contention radio resources, and / or the first radio resource among the multiple non-contention radio resources is calculated or determined based on a derived value of (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the multiple non-contention radio resources.

[0648] In various embodiments, the first radio resource is dedicated to the UE and / or the paging is common to multiple UEs.

[0649] In various embodiments, the first radio resource is used by the UE and / or not used by another UE among the plurality of UEs.

[0650] In various embodiments, uncontention radio resources refer to radio resources that are dedicated to or utilized exclusively by a UE. Uncontention radio resources are not shared / commonly used by more than one UE.

[0651] In various embodiments, the plurality of non-contention radio resources include at least time domain radio resources and / or frequency domain radio resources, and / or the plurality of non-contention radio resources are determined or derived based on one or more time domain radio resources and / or one or more frequency domain radio resources, and / or the plurality of non-contention radio resources do not overlap in the time and frequency domains.

[0652] In various embodiments, at least one configuration includes at least a time domain allocation and / or a frequency domain allocation of a plurality of contention-free radio resources, and / or at least one configuration includes an association between a plurality of contention-free radio resources and a UE group associated with a UE, and / or at least one configuration related to a plurality of contention-free radio resources represents one or more configurations related to the plurality of contention-free radio resources.

[0653] In various embodiments, the UE performs the first transmission in response to (received) a paging.

[0654] In various embodiments, the UE performs a random access procedure in response to (received) paging.

[0655] In various embodiments, the ID is a UE ID or a group ID.

[0656] In various embodiments, the UE ID is preconfigured, predefined and / or configured by the network.

[0657] In various embodiments, the first transmission includes information of a random number.

[0658] In various embodiments, the UE receives a second transmission of information including a random number in response to (performing and / or transmitting) a first transmission.

[0659] In various embodiments, a page and / or a second transmission is received from a reader.

[0660] In various embodiments, a first transmission is transmitted to a reader.

[0661] In various embodiments, the reader is a network node or another UE (not among the plurality of UEs).

[0662] In various embodiments, the UE is an ambient IoT device. The plurality of UEs are a plurality of ambient IoT devices.

[0663] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one or more embodiments from the perspective of a UE in a wireless communication system, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in a memory 310 of a transmitter. CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to: (i) receive a page for ambient IoT, the page indicating at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include the ID of the UE; (ii) in response to receiving the page, select a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontention radio resources; and (iii) perform a first transmission using the first radio resource. Furthermore, CPU 308 may execute program code 312 to perform all described actions, steps, and methods described above, below, or otherwise herein.

[0664] refer to Figure 12 , utilizing this and other concepts, systems, and methods of the present invention, a method 1040 for a reader in a wireless communication system includes transmitting a page for an ambient IoT, wherein the page indicates at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include an ID of the UE (step 1042); and, in response to the page, receiving a first transmission from the UE via a first radio resource among the plurality of uncontention radio resources (step 1044).

[0665] In various embodiments, the order of the first radio resources in the plurality of uncontentioned radio resources is the same as the order of the IDs of the UEs indicated in the ID or the order of the UEs indicated in the paging.

[0666] In various embodiments, a first radio resource among a plurality of non-contention radio resources is assigned or determined based on (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the plurality of non-contention radio resources, and / or an order of the first radio resource among a plurality of non-contention radio resources is assigned or determined based on (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the plurality of non-contention radio resources, and / or the first radio resource among a plurality of non-contention radio resources is assigned or determined based on a derived value of (all or part of) the UE's ID modulo the number of the plurality of non-contention radio resources.

[0667] In various embodiments, the page is transmitted to multiple UEs and / or the page is common to multiple UEs.

[0668] In various embodiments, the first radio resource is dedicated to and / or assigned to the UE.

[0669] In various embodiments, the first radio resource is used by the UE and / or not used by another UE among the plurality of UEs.

[0670] In various embodiments, uncontention radio resources refer to radio resources that are dedicated to or utilized exclusively by a UE. Uncontention radio resources are not shared / commonly used by more than one UE.

[0671] In various embodiments, the plurality of non-contention radio resources include at least time domain radio resources and / or frequency domain radio resources, and / or the plurality of non-contention radio resources are determined or derived based on one or more time domain radio resources and / or one or more frequency domain radio resources, and / or the plurality of non-contention radio resources do not overlap in the time and frequency domains.

[0672] In various embodiments, at least one configuration includes at least a time domain allocation and / or a frequency domain allocation of a plurality of contention-free radio resources, and / or at least one configuration includes an association between a plurality of contention-free radio resources and a UE group associated with a UE, and / or at least one configuration related to a plurality of contention-free radio resources represents one or more configurations related to the plurality of contention-free radio resources.

[0673] In various embodiments, the reader is a network node or another UE (not among the plurality of UEs).

[0674] In various embodiments, the ID is a UE ID or a group ID.

[0675] In various embodiments, the UE ID is preconfigured, predefined and / or configured by the network.

[0676] In various embodiments, the first transmission includes information of a random number.

[0677] In various embodiments, the reader transmits a second transmission of information including a random number to the UE in response to (receiving) the first transmission.

[0678] In various embodiments, the UE is an ambient IoT device. The plurality of UEs are a plurality of ambient IoT devices.

[0679] Return Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one or more embodiments from the perspective of a reader in a wireless communication system, apparatus 300 includes program code 312 stored in a memory 310 of a transmitter. CPU 308 can execute program code 312 to: (i) transmit a page for ambient IoT, wherein the page indicates at least one or more IDs of a plurality of UEs and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more IDs include an ID of the UE; and (ii) receive a first transmission from the UE via a first radio resource among the plurality of uncontention radio resources in response to the page. Furthermore, CPU 308 can execute program code 312 to perform all described actions, steps, and methods described above, below, or otherwise herein.

[0680] Any combination of the concepts or teachings above or herein can be fully or partially combined or formed into new embodiments.The disclosed details and embodiments can be used to at least (but not limited to) solve the problems mentioned above and herein.

[0681] It should be noted that any of the methods, alternatives, steps, examples and embodiments presented herein may be applied independently, individually and / or in combination with multiple methods, alternatives, steps, examples and embodiments.

[0682] Various aspects of the present disclosure have been described above. It should be understood that the teachings herein can be implemented in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure, function, or both disclosed herein are merely representative. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented independently of any other aspects, and that two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of the aspects described herein can be used to implement a device or practice a method. Furthermore, the device or method can be implemented using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities other than or different from one or more of the aspects described herein. As examples of some of the above concepts, in some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse repetition frequency. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse position or offset. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on time hopping sequences. In some aspects, parallel channels can be established based on pulse repetition frequency, pulse position or offset, and time hopping sequences.

[0683] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0684] Those of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, components, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two, which may be designed using source decoding or some other technique), and various forms of programs or design code with instructions (which, for convenience, may be referred to herein as "software" or "software modules"), or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those of skill in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0685] In addition, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit ("IC"), an access terminal, or an access point. The IC may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, electrical components, optical components, mechanical components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, and may execute code or instructions residing within the IC, external to the IC, or both. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0686] It should be understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in any disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. It should be understood that based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in a process can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0687] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules (e.g., containing executable instructions and associated data) and other data can reside in a data memory, such as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of computer-readable storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium can be coupled to a machine such as a computer / processor (for convenience, the machine may be referred to herein as a "processor") so that the processor can read information (e.g., code) from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. An example storage medium can be integrated with the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user device. In an alternative, the processor and storage medium can reside in a user device as discrete components. In addition, in some aspects, any suitable computer program product can include a computer-readable medium that includes code related to one or more of the various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, a computer program product may include packaging materials.

[0688] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with various aspects and examples, it will be understood that the invention is capable of further modification. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that generally follow the principles of the invention and include such deviations from the present disclosure as come within the scope of known and customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains.

Claims

1. A method for resource configuration and selection of a user equipment, characterized in that: include: receiving a paging for an ambient internet of things, the paging indicating at least one or more identities of a plurality of user equipments and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identities include an identity of the user equipment; In response to receiving the page, selecting a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontention radio resources; as well as A first transmission is performed using the first radio resource.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The user equipment selects the first radio resource based on an order of the user equipments indicated in the paging, and wherein the order is associated with the identities of the user equipments, or The order of the user equipments represents an order of the identifiers of the user equipments among the one or more identifiers of the plurality of user equipments indicated in the paging.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The order of the first radio resources in the plurality of uncontentioned radio resources is the same as the order of the identities of the user equipments indicated in the one or more identities or the order of the user equipments indicated in the paging.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The user equipment selects the first radio resource based on a modular operation and the identification of the user equipment.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Calculating or determining the first radio resource in the plurality of contention-free radio resources by taking a modulo of the number of the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on the identification of the user equipment, or Calculating or determining an order of the first radio resource in the plurality of contention-free radio resources by taking a modulo of the number of the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on the identification of the user equipment, or The first radio resource among the plurality of contention-free radio resources is calculated or determined based on a value derived modulo the number of the plurality of contention-free radio resources by the identification of the user equipment.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of non-contention radio resources include at least time domain radio resources or frequency domain radio resources, or determining or deriving the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on one or more time-domain radio resources or one or more frequency-domain radio resources, or The plurality of non-contention radio resources do not overlap in the time-frequency domain.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one configuration comprises at least a time domain allocation or a frequency domain allocation of the plurality of contention-free radio resources, or The at least one configuration comprises an association between the plurality of uncontention radio resources and a user equipment group associated with the user equipment, or The at least one configuration associated with the plurality of uncontention radio resources represents one or more configurations associated with the plurality of uncontention radio resources.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The user equipment performs the first transmission in response to the paging.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The user equipment performs a random access procedure in response to the paging.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The identifier is a user equipment identifier or a group identifier.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first transmission includes information of a random number.

12. A reader method for resource configuration and selection, characterized in that, include: transmitting a page for an ambient internet of things, wherein the page indicates at least one or more identities of a plurality of user equipment and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identities include an identity of the user equipment; as well as In response to the paging, a first transmission is received from the user equipment via a first radio resource among the plurality of uncontentioned radio resources.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The order of the first radio resources in the plurality of contention-free radio resources is the same as the order of the identities of the user equipments indicated in the identities or the order of the user equipments indicated in the paging.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein: assigning or determining the first radio resource among the plurality of contention-free radio resources by taking a modulo of the number of the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on the identification of the user equipment, or assigning or determining an order of the first radio resources in the plurality of contention-free radio resources modulo the number of the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on the identification of the user equipment, or The first radio resource of the plurality of uncontention radio resources is assigned or determined based on a value derived modulo the number of the plurality of uncontention radio resources by the identification of the user equipment.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The plurality of non-contention radio resources include at least time domain radio resources or frequency domain radio resources, or determining or deriving the plurality of contention-free radio resources based on one or more time-domain radio resources or one or more frequency-domain radio resources, or The plurality of non-contention radio resources do not overlap in the time-frequency domain.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The at least one configuration comprises at least a time domain allocation or a frequency domain allocation of the plurality of contention-free radio resources, or The at least one configuration comprises an association between the plurality of uncontention radio resources and a user equipment group associated with the user equipment, or The at least one configuration associated with the plurality of uncontention radio resources represents one or more configurations associated with the plurality of uncontention radio resources.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The reader is a network node or another user device.

18. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The identifier is a user equipment identifier or a group identifier.

19. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The first transmission includes information of a random number.

20. A user equipment for resource configuration and selection, characterized in that: include: Memory; as well as a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute program code to: receiving a paging for an ambient internet of things, the paging indicating at least one or more identities of a plurality of user equipments and at least one configuration associated with a plurality of uncontention radio resources, wherein the at least one or more identities include an identity of the user equipment; In response to receiving the page, selecting a first radio resource from the plurality of uncontention radio resources; as well as A first transmission is performed using the first radio resource.

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