Radiating unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiation unit comprising a lens (10) having a dielectric refractive lens body (12) for transmitting electromagnetic waves. The invention is characterized in that the dielectric refractive lens body (12) has a first relative permittivity [epsilon] center in the center of the lens and a second relative permittivity [epsilon] periphery in the edge region of the lens, wherein the relation between the first relative dielectric constant epsilon center and the second relative dielectric constant epsilon periphery is that epsilon center = 1.42 square root of epsilon periphery + 0.58, the tolerance is 0.2, and | epsilon periphery-epsilon center | gt; 0.1, and the epsilon periphery gt; and 1.5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a radiating element according to the preamble of claim 1 . Background Art

[0002] For example, it is known from US20140176377 A1 that a lens can be made of a solid dielectric material, wherein holes are drilled in the material to influence the refractive index.

[0003] The relative dielectric constant of the lens material in the center portion is 2.04, while the relative dielectric constant of the outermost ring is 1.25. The lens has a relative dielectric constant of less than 1.5 at the edge, and the deviation from the center to the edge is approximately 0.02 from the given rule. At least one waveguide is coupled to the lens, such that electromagnetic radiation is transmitted from the waveguide to the lens.

[0004] The cross-sectional dimensions of a waveguide are inversely proportional to the square root of the dielectric constant of the material filling the waveguide. By using a uniform material for coupling between the waveguide and the lens, the dielectric constant of the lens material can be directly related to the dielectric constant of the material filling the waveguide. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to achieve higher resolution and good focusing performance of a lens by connecting multiple waveguides to a single lens.

[0006] This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 and the preamble of claim 1 .

[0007] The dependent claims are advantageous embodiments of the invention.

[0008] As is known in the art, a dielectric refractive lens has a first relative dielectric constant ε at the center of the lens. 中心 , has a second relative dielectric constant ε in the edge area of ​​the lens 周缘 .

[0009] According to the present invention, the dielectric constant is distributed in the lens body in such a way that the first relative dielectric constant ε 中心 and the second relative permittivity ε 周缘 Satisfaction relationship: ε 中心 =1.42√ε 周缘 +0.58, the tolerance range is 0.2, where |ε 周缘 -ε 中心 ∣>0.1, and ε 周缘 >1.5.

[0010] Due to the existence of the tolerance range, ε 中心 The value of satisfies the relationship: 1.42√ε 周缘 +0.78>ε中心 >1.42√ε 周缘 +0.38.

[0011] An edge dielectric constant greater than 1.5 allows coupling with waveguides filled with materials having higher relative dielectric constants, preferably greater than 2.5, and more preferably greater than 3, thereby allowing for waveguides with smaller cross-sections. If conventional materials are used, the increased edge dielectric constant can lead to a distribution of relative dielectric constants within the lens, which can reduce beam focusing performance and, therefore, efficiency.

[0012] By applying the above relationship, the lens provides a radiation unit that, for a selected ε 周缘 In terms of the relative permittivity, the benefits are higher than those of a distribution that deviates significantly from ε 中心 =1.42√ε 周缘 +0.58 lens.

[0013] According to this relationship, in some cases, the second relative permittivity ε at the edge 周缘 Smaller than the first relative dielectric constant ε at the center 中心 , while in other cases the opposite is true.

[0014] The present invention aims to increase the dielectric constant of the lens edge region, where it transitions to the connected waveguide, to match the relative dielectric constant of the substrate-integrated waveguide, which has a relative dielectric constant greater than 1.5, thereby maintaining low interfacial reflection. This results in excellent coupling from the lens to the waveguide, reducing losses and achieving better radiation efficiency, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0015] Due to the dielectric constant distribution of the present invention, ε 周缘 >1.5 can almost achieve the focusing characteristics of the classic Luneberg lens. Therefore, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric material in the waveguide is higher than or close to the dielectric constant ε of the edge 周缘 When , an intrinsic connection with the connected waveguide can be achieved.

[0016] By changing the dielectric constant from ε 周缘 Increase or decrease to ε 中心 The focusing characteristics of the lens according to the present invention can achieve focusing characteristics close to those of the classic Luneburg lens.

[0017] The dielectric constant distribution of the lens along its radial extension follows a quadratic law. The radial position r is an element in the interval [0,1], especially the normalized radius of a sphere or cylinder, where the relative dielectric constant of each point or position with radial coordinate r follows the following relationship: ε r(r)=ε 中心 -(ε 中心 -ε 周缘 )r 2

[0018] Therefore, for a given ε 周缘 , you can choose ε 中心 To ensure the best effect of the lens.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the distribution is staggered. This can form a ring-shaped distribution, the rings being particularly concentrically arranged. In another preferred embodiment, the width of the rings is between 1 / 10 and 1 / 15 of the lens radius.

[0020] One possible way to achieve a staggered distribution is to introduce holes in the different rings that make up the lens. In each ring, the effective / equivalent dielectric constant is assumed to be the dielectric constant ε of the dielectric body. 电介质体 and a weighted average of the dielectric constants of the materials making up the pores (which could be anything, especially air), where the weights of these two quantities are proportional to the percentage of each material in the ring: ε 环 =(V 孔 / V 环 )ε 孔 +(V 环 -V 孔 ) / V 环 )ε 电介质体 ε 环 =(% of pore material in the ring)ε 孔 +(Percentage of dielectric body in the ring)ε 电介质体

[0021] Another possible implementation is to randomly distribute the holes, which do not follow a predefined ring / zone. In this case, the effective dielectric constant at a given point is taken as the dielectric constant ε of the dielectric body. 电介质体 and the dielectric constant ε of the material that makes up the pore (which can be any material, especially air) 孔 The weighted average of the two quantities is proportional to the percentage of each material within a cylindrical region of the cylindrical lens centered at a given point, with a radius equal to one-tenth of the lens radius and a thickness that covers only the thickness / height of the cylindrical lens (with its axis aligned with the axis of the cylindrical lens). Cylindrical lenses can fan the beam, allowing echoes along a strip-like area to be evaluated. Combining two such lenses, one for transmission and one for reception, can generate a grid.

[0022] Another possible implementation is to randomly distribute the holes, which do not follow a predefined ring / area. In this case, the effective dielectric constant at a given point is taken as the dielectric constant ε of the dielectric body.电介质体 and the dielectric constant ε of the material that makes up the pore (which can be any material, especially air) 孔 where the weights of the two quantities are proportional to the percentage of each material within a spherical area centered at a given point and with a radius of one-tenth the radius of the lens (in the case of a spherical lens).

[0023] Further advantages, features and potential applications of the present invention can be gathered from the following description of the embodiments shown in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Throughout the specification, claims and drawings, the terms and associated reference numerals are as shown in the accompanying list of reference numerals. The drawings show:

[0025] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the lens of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is ε 边缘 Relative ε 中心 relationship curve; and

[0027] Figure 3 For several ε 中心 / ε 边缘 Function ε under combination r (r) Illustration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Figure 1 A perspective view of a lens 10 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 The lens 10 may be part of a radiation unit. The lens 10 comprises a cylindrical dielectric body 12, the top and bottom of which are covered by a metal layer. The lens 10 also comprises holes 14 (shown in black in the figure) drilled into the dielectric body 12. In order to ensure that the effective / equivalent dielectric constant at the periphery and center of the lens is the same, the shape and distribution of the holes 14 are selected to satisfy ε 中心 =1.42√ε 周缘 +0.58, with a tolerance of 0.2. In addition, |ε is also required 周缘 -ε 中心 ∣>0.1, and ε 周缘 >1.5. The hole 14 does not necessarily have a circular cross section. Therefore, ε 中心 The value of satisfies the relationship: 1.42√ε 周缘 +0.78>ε 中心 >1.42√ε 周缘 +0.38.

[0029] The dielectric constant distribution of the lens body 12 in its radial extension direction basically follows the function ε r (r)=ε 中心-(ε 中心 -ε 周缘 )r 2 |r∈[0,1], where r is the normalized radial coordinate.

[0030] This distribution is staggered so that the dielectric constant is distributed in a ring shape, where the width of the ring is between 1 / 10 and 1 / 15 of the radius. In each ring, the effective / equivalent dielectric constant is assumed to be the dielectric constant of the dielectric body, ε 电介质体 and the dielectric constant ε of the material that makes up the pore (any substance, especially air) 孔 where the weights of the two quantities are proportional to the percentage of each material in the ring: ε 环 =(V 孔 / V 环 )ε 孔 +(V 环 -V 孔 ) / V 环 )ε 电介质体 ε 环 =(% of pore material in the ring)ε 孔 +(Percentage of dielectric body in the ring)ε 电介质体

[0031] In this case, each ring is 1mm wide. The innermost area is naturally a circle, not a ring.

[0032] Figure 2 The graph ε is shown 中心 =1.42√ε 周缘 +0.58. This curve shows the edge dielectric constant ε 周缘 and the central dielectric constant ε 中心 The best relationship between.

[0033] Figure 3 Show several ε 中心 / ε 周缘 Combination ε r (r)=ε 中心 -(ε 中心 -ε 周缘 )r 2 relationship.

[0034] In this case, the curve shows a continuous distribution, but this distribution can also be achieved by regions, which are preferably of equal width and divided in a way that roughly matches the continuous distribution.

[0035] In this case, the ε of the lower curve 周缘 The value is close to the value of air, 1.5, where ε 中心 =2.3.

[0036] The distribution preferably used in this application corresponds to an approximation of the ideal curve 30 shown, which corresponds to ε 中心 =2.9 and ε 周缘 =2.6 combined correlation.

[0037] Correlating the lens to this distribution allows selection of a lens that is an exact match to the intended application, resulting in optimal benefits.

[0038] Label list: 10 lenses 12 Dielectric 14 holes 30 curves

Claims

1. A radiation unit comprising a lens (10) having a dielectric refractive lens body (12) for transmitting electromagnetic waves, characterized in that: The dielectric refractive lens (12) has a first relative dielectric constant ε at the center of the lens. 中心 , the edge area of ​​the lens has a second relative dielectric constant ε 周缘 , wherein the first relative dielectric constant ε 中心 and the second relative permittivity ε 周缘 The relationship between 中心 =1.42√ε 周缘 +0.58, with a tolerance of 0.2, where |ε 周缘 -ε 中心 ∣>0.1, and ε 周缘 >1.

5.

2. The radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The lens (10) comprises at least two regions, wherein each region comprises a point / position with radial coordinate r corresponding to a relative permittivity ε r (r), where ε r (r)=ε 中心 -(ε 中心 -ε 周缘 )r 2 .

3. The radiation unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lens (10) is a gradient refractive index lens, the dielectric constant of which ranges from the first relative dielectric constant ε 中心 Continuously increase or decrease to the second relative dielectric constant ε 周缘 .

4. The radiation unit according to claim 3, characterized in that The lens (10) is a generalized Luneburg lens.

5. The radiation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dielectric refractive lens body (12) is made of a solid dielectric material, wherein the lens body includes holes (14) that provide the dielectric constant distribution.

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