Beam failure declaration, new beam identification and recovery in multi-TRP operation

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes transmitting a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the PUSCH including a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first set of RS; receiving a response to the first beam failure recovery request; receiving first information for reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); receiving second information for reception of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); determining whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDCCH based on the response and the first information; and determining whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDSCH based on the response and the second information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multiple transmit and receive point (TRP) operations. Background Art

[0002] 5G mobile communication technology defines a wide frequency band, enabling high transmission rates and new services, and can be implemented not only in "sub-6 GHz" frequency bands such as 3.5 GHz, but also in "above 6 GHz" frequency bands, known as millimeter waves, including 28 GHz and 39 GHz. Furthermore, consideration has been given to implementing 6G mobile communication technology (referred to as a "super 5G system") in terahertz (THz) frequency bands (e.g., the 95 GHz to 3 THz band) in order to achieve transmission rates fifty times faster than 5G mobile communication technology and ultra-low latency one-tenth that of 5G mobile communication technology.

[0003] At the start of the development of 5G mobile communication technology, in order to support services and meet performance requirements related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC), there has been ongoing standardization on beamforming and massive MIMO for mitigating radio wave path loss in millimeter waves and increasing radio wave transmission range, support for dynamic operation of parameter sets (e.g., operating multiple subcarrier spacings) and time slot formats for efficient utilization of millimeter wave resources, initial access technology for supporting multi-beam transmission and wideband, definition and operation of BWP (bandwidth part), new channel coding methods such as LDPC (low-density parity-check) codes for large-scale data transmission and polar codes for highly reliable transmission of control information, L2 preprocessing, and network slicing for providing dedicated networks tailored for specific services.

[0004] Currently, there are ongoing discussions on improvements and performance enhancements to initial 5G mobile communication technologies in view of the services to be supported by 5G mobile communication technologies, and there has been standardization of physical layers regarding technologies such as: V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) for assisting driving decisions of autonomous vehicles based on information on the position and status of vehicles transmitted by vehicles and for enhancing user convenience, NR-U (Unlicensed New Radio) for system operation that is designed to comply with various regulatory requirements within unlicensed frequency bands, NR UE energy saving, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) as UE-satellite direct communication for providing coverage in areas where communication with terrestrial networks is not possible, and positioning.

[0005] In addition, in the air interface architecture / protocol area, standardization is already underway for technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which supports new services through interconnection and integration with other industries; IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul), which provides nodes for network service area expansion by integrating wireless backhaul links and access links; mobility enhancements including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Protocol Stack) handover; and two-step random access (two-step RACH for NR) to simplify the random access procedure. In the system architecture / service area, standardization is also underway for the following: a 5G baseline architecture (e.g., a service-based architecture or service-based interface) for incorporating network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) technologies; and mobile edge computing (MEC) for receiving services based on UE location.

[0006] With the commercialization of 5G mobile communication systems, the already exponentially growing number of connected devices will be connected to communication networks, and accordingly, it is expected that enhanced functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems and the integrated operation of connected devices will be necessary. To this end, new research is being planned on extending reality (XR) to effectively support AR (augmented reality), VR (virtual reality), MR (mixed reality), etc., improving 5G performance and reducing complexity through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), supporting AI services, supporting metaverse services, and drone communications.

[0007] Furthermore, such development of 5G mobile communication systems will serve as the foundation for the development of not only new waveforms for providing terahertz band coverage for 6G mobile communication technology, multi-antenna transmission technologies such as full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and massive antennas, metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving terahertz band signal coverage, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technology using OAM (orbital angular momentum), and RIS (Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces), but also full-duplex technology for improving the frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technology and improving system networks, AI-based communication technology for leveraging satellites and AI (artificial intelligence) to achieve system optimization and internalize end-to-end AI support functions from the design stage, and next-generation distributed computing technology for implementing services at a complexity level that exceeds the operational capabilities of UEs by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources.

[0008] Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovations in modern history. The number of subscribers to wireless communication services recently surpassed 5 billion and continues to grow rapidly. Due to the increasing popularity of smartphones and other mobile data devices (such as tablets, notepad computers, netbooks, e-book readers, and machine-type devices) among consumers and businesses, the demand for wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing. To meet this high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications and deployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage are crucial. To meet the increased demand for wireless data traffic since the deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable a variety of vertical applications, 5G communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical issues

[0010] The present disclosure relates to beam failure declaration, new beam identification and recovery in multi-TRP operation.

[0011] Solution to the problem

[0012] In an embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes: a transceiver configured to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) including a first RS index of a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS set; receive a response to the first beam failure recovery request; receive first information for receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and receive second information for receiving a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The UE also includes a processor operably coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to determine, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDCCH, and, based on the response and the second information, determine whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDSCH.

[0013] In another embodiment, a base station (BS) is provided. The BS includes a transceiver configured to receive a PUSCH including a first RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first BFD RS set; transmit a response to the first beam failure recovery request; transmit first information for receiving a PDCCH; and transmit second information for receiving a PDSCH. A processor operatively coupled to the transceiver is provided. The processor is configured to determine, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter based on the first RS index to transmission of the PDCCH, and, based on the response and the second information, determine whether to apply a second spatial domain filter based on the first RS index to transmission of the PDSCH.

[0014] In another embodiment, a method performed by a UE is provided. The method includes: transmitting a PUSCH including a first RS index of a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first BFD RS set; receiving a response to the first beam failure recovery request; receiving first information for receiving a PDCCH; and receiving second information for receiving a PDSCH. The method also includes: determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to receiving the PDCCH, and determining, based on the response and the second information, whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to receiving the PDSCH.

[0015] Other technical features may be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following drawings, descriptions, and claims.

[0016] Before proceeding with the detailed description below, it may be advantageous to set forth the definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term "coupling" and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, regardless of whether these elements are in physical contact with each other. The terms "send," "receive," and "communicate," and their derivatives encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms "include," "comprise," and their derivatives mean, but are not limited to. The term "or" is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase "associated with..." and its derivatives mean including, included within, interconnected with, including, contained within, connected to or connected with, coupled to or coupled with, communicable with, collaborative with, interlaced, juxtaposed, close to, bound to, bound with, having, having the nature of, having a relationship to, or with, etc. The term "controller" means any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functions associated with any particular controller can be centralized or distributed, whether local or remote. The phrase "at least one of" when used with a list of items means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used, and that only one of the items in the list may be required. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A, B, and C.

[0017] Furthermore, the various functions described below may be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed of computer-readable program code and embodied in a computer-readable medium. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, instruction sets, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or portions thereof, suitable for implementation in suitable computer-readable program code. The phrase "computer-readable program code" includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase "computer-readable medium" includes any type of medium that can be accessed by a computer, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), hard drives, compact disks (CDs), digital video disks (DVDs), or any other type of memory. "Non-transitory" computer-readable media excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transmit transitory electrical or other signals. Non-transitory computer-readable media includes media in which data can be permanently stored as well as media in which data can be stored and later rewritten, such as rewritable optical disks or erasable memory devices.

[0018] Definitions for certain other words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0019] Advantageous Effects of the Invention

[0020] This disclosure evaluates various design aspects related to beam failure detection, declaration, and recovery in a multi-TRP system, where beam / TRP selection is performed under a unified TCI framework.

[0021] This disclosure evaluates various design aspects related to transmitting beam failure recovery requests (BFRQs) and information related to beams with radio link quality worse than a threshold in a multi-TRP system, where beam / TRP selection is performed under a unified TCI framework. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts:

[0023] Figure 1 An example wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 An example gNodeB (gNB) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 An example UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0026] Figure 4a shows an example of a wireless transmission path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 4b An example of a wireless receive path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0028] Figure 5a An example of a wireless system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0029] Figure 5b An example of multi-beam operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0030] Figure 6 An example of a transmitter structure for beamforming according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 An example system of multiple TRPs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 8 An example system illustrating primary cell (PCell) beam failure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 9 An example system of secondary cell (SCell) beam failure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0034] Figure 10 A flow chart illustrating an example UE process for determining a beam failure detection (BFD) reference signal (RS) set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 11 A flowchart for determining a BFD RS set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an example UE process for determining the radio link quality of a BFD RS set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating an example UE procedure for transmitting PUCCH-LRR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0038] Figure 14 A flow chart illustrating an example UE procedure for sending a Physical Uplink Control Channel - Link Recovery Request (PUCCH-LRR) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0039] Figure 15A flow chart illustrating an example UE procedure for sending a BFR physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0040] Figure 16 An example process for beam resetting / updating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0041] Figure 17 An example process for beam resetting / updating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0042] Figure 18 An example system for receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0043] Figure 19 An example process for beam resetting / updating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Discussed below Figure 1-19 The various non-limiting embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are illustrative only and should not be interpreted in any way as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device.

[0045] To meet the ever-increasing demand for wireless data traffic since the deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable a variety of vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. 5G / NR communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands (e.g., 28 GHz or 60 GHz bands) to achieve higher data rates, or in lower frequency bands (e.g., 6 GHz) to provide robust coverage and mobility support. To reduce radio wave propagation losses and increase transmission distances, beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive antenna technologies are being discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0046] Furthermore, in 5G / NR communication systems, system network improvements are being developed based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, collaborative communications, coordinated multipoint (CoMP), and receiver-side interference cancellation.

[0047] The discussion of 5G systems and their associated frequency bands is provided for reference, as certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in 5G systems. However, the present disclosure is not limited to 5G systems or their associated frequency bands, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with any frequency band. For example, aspects of the present disclosure may also be applied to the deployment of 5G communication systems, 6G, or even later versions that may utilize terahertz (THz) frequency bands.

[0048] The following documents and standard descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference into this disclosure as if fully set forth herein: [1] 3GPP TS 38.211 v16.1.0, “NR; Physical channels and modulation;” [2] 3GPP TS 38.212 v16.1.0, “NR; Multiplexing and Channel coding;” [3] 3GPP TS 38.213 v16.1.0, “NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Control;” [4] 3GPP TS 38.214 v16.1.0, “NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data;” [5] 3GPP TS 38.321 v16.1.0, “NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification;” and [6] 3GPP TS 38.331 v16.1.0, “NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification.”

[0049] The following Figures 1 to 3 Various embodiments are described that are implemented in a wireless communication system and utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication techniques. Figures 1 to 3 The description is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to how different embodiments may be implemented. Different embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged communications system.

[0050] Figure 1 An example wireless network 100 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, wireless network 100 includes gNB 101 (e.g., base station, BS), gNB 102, and gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network.

[0052] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a first plurality of user equipment (UEs) within gNB 102's coverage area 120. The first plurality of UEs includes UE 111, which may be located in a small business; UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise; UE 113, which may be a WiFi hotspot; UE 114, which may be located in a first residence; UE 115, which may be located in a second residence; and UE 116, which may be a mobile device such as a cellular phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, etc. gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within gNB 103's coverage area 125. The second plurality of UEs includes UE 115 and UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101 through 103 may communicate with each other and with UEs 111 through 116 using 5G / NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication technologies.

[0053] Depending on the network type, the term "base station" or "BS" can refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as a transmission point (TP), a transmission-reception point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G / NR base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wireless-enabled device. A base station can provide wireless access according to one or more wireless communication protocols (e.g., 5G / NR Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac, etc.). For convenience, the terms "BS" and "TRP" are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to a network infrastructure component that provides wireless access to a remote terminal. Furthermore, depending on the network type, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can refer to any component, such as a "mobile station," "subscriber station," "remote terminal," "wireless terminal," "reception point," or "user device." For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this patent document to refer to a remote wireless device that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or smartphone) or what is generally considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0054] Dashed lines illustrate the approximate extents of coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on the configuration of the gNB and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstacles.

[0055] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 111-116 include circuitry, programming, or a combination thereof for performing beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation. In some embodiments, one or more of the BSs 101-103 include circuitry, programming, or a combination thereof to support beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation.

[0056] although Figure 1 An example of a wireless network is shown, but Figure 1Various changes may be made. For example, wireless network 100 may include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Furthermore, gNB 101 may communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to network 130. Similarly, each of gNBs 102 through 103 may communicate directly with network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to network 130. Furthermore, gNB 101, gNB 102, and / or gNB 103 may provide access to other or additional external networks, such as an external telephone network or other type of data network.

[0057] Figure 2 An example gNB 102 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The embodiment of the gNB 102 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only, and Figure 1 gNB 101 and gNB 103 may have the same or similar configurations. However, gNBs have a variety of configurations, and Figure 2 The scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular implementation of the gNB.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 205a to 205n, multiple transceivers 210a to 210n, a controller / processor 225, memory 230, and a backhaul or network interface 235.

[0059] Transceivers 210 a through 210 n receive incoming radio frequency (RF) signals from antennas 205 a through 205 n, such as signals transmitted by UEs in wireless network 100. Transceivers 210 a through 210 n downconvert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by receive (RX) processing circuitry within transceivers 210 a through 210 n and / or controller / processor 225, which filters, decodes, and / or digitizes the baseband or IF signals to generate processed baseband signals. Controller / processor 225 may further process the baseband signals.

[0060] Transmit (TX) processing circuitry in transceivers 210a to 210n and / or controller / processor 225 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, email, or interactive video game data) from controller / processor 225. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. Transceivers 210a to 210n upconvert the baseband or IF signals into RF signals that are transmitted via antennas 205a to 205n.

[0061] The controller / processor 225 may include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 225 may control the reception of uplink (UL) channel signals and the transmission of downlink (DL) channel signals by the transceivers 210a through 210n according to well-known principles. The controller / processor 225 may also support additional functionality, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 225 may support beamforming or directional routing operations, in which outgoing / incoming signals from / to the multiple antennas 205a through 205n are weighted differently to effectively steer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. As another example, the controller / processor 225 may support methods for beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation. The controller / processor 225 may support any of a variety of other functions within the gNB 102.

[0062] The controller / processor 225 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 230 to support beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation. The controller / processor 225 can move data into or out of the memory 230 as required by the executing process.

[0063] The controller / processor 225 is also coupled to a backhaul or network interface 235. The backhaul or network interface 235 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems via a backhaul connection or over a network. The interface 235 can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection. For example, when the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as one supporting 5G / NR, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 235 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the interface 235 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or with a larger network (such as the Internet) via a wired or wireless connection. The interface 235 includes any suitable structure that supports communication over a wired or wireless connection, such as Ethernet or a transceiver.

[0064] Memory 230 is coupled to controller / processor 225. A portion of memory 230 may include RAM, and another portion of memory 230 may include flash memory or other ROM.

[0065] although Figure 2 An example of a gNB 102 is shown, but the Figure 2 For example, gNB 102 may include any number of Figure 2 Each component shown in . In addition, Figure 2The various components in may be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components may be added according to specific needs.

[0066] Figure 3 An example UE 116 is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 The embodiment of UE 116 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only, and Figure 1 UEs 111 to 115 may have the same or similar configurations. However, UEs have various configurations, and Figure 3 The scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular implementation of the UE.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, UE 116 includes antenna 305, transceiver 310, and microphone 320. UE 116 also includes speaker 330, processor 340, input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, input 350, display 355, and memory 360. Memory 360 includes operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0068] Transceiver 310 receives incoming RF signals from antenna 305, transmitted by a gNB in ​​wireless network 100. Transceiver 310 downconverts the incoming RF signals to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is processed by RX processing circuitry within transceiver 310 and / or processor 340, which filters, decodes, and / or digitizes the baseband or IF signal to generate a processed baseband signal. The RX processing circuitry transmits the processed baseband signal to speaker 330 (e.g., for voice data) or to processor 340 for processing (e.g., for web browsing data).

[0069] The TX processing circuitry in the transceiver 310 and / or processor 340 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 320, or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, email, or interactive video game data) from the processor 340. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The transceiver 310 up-converts the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal that is transmitted via the antenna 305.

[0070] The processor 340 may include one or more processors or other processing devices and executes the OS 361 stored in the memory 360 to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor 340 may control the transceiver 310 to receive DL channel signals and transmit UL channel signals according to well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0071] Processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in memory 360. For example, processor 340 can perform the processes for beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation, as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. Processor 340 can move data into or out of memory 360 as needed for the execution process. In some embodiments, processor 340 is configured to execute application 362 based on OS 361 or in response to signals received from the gNB or operator. Processor 340 is also coupled to I / O interface 345, which provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices, such as laptops and handheld computers. I / O interface 345 is the communication path between these accessories and processor 340.

[0072] The processor 340 is also coupled to an input 350 including, for example, a touch screen, a keyboard, etc., and a display 355. An operator of the UE 116 can use the input 350 to enter data into the UE 116. The display 355 can be a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode display, or other display capable of presenting text and / or at least limited graphics, such as from a website.

[0073] Memory 360 is coupled to processor 340. A portion of memory 360 may include random access memory (RAM), and another portion of memory 360 may include flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0074] although Figure 3 An example of a UE 116 is shown, but the Figure 3 Make various changes. For example, Figure 3 Various components in the can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific needs. As a specific example, processor 340 can be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). In another example, transceiver 310 can include any number of transceivers and signal processing chains and can be connected to any number of antennas. In addition, although Figure 3 The UE 116 is shown configured as a mobile phone or smartphone, but the UE may be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0075] Figure 4a and Figure 4bExamples of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. For example, transmit path 400 may be described as being implemented in a gNB (such as gNB 102), while receive path 450 may be described as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it should be understood that receive path 450 may be implemented in a gNB and transmit path 400 may be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, receive path 450 is configured to support beam failure declaration, new beam identification, and recovery in multi-TRP operation as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0076] like Figure 4a As shown, transmit path 400 includes channel coding and modulation block 405, serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 410, size-N inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block 415, parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 420, add cyclic prefix block 425, and upconverter (UC) 430. Receive path 450 includes downconverter (DC) 455, remove cyclic prefix block 460, S-to-P block 465, size-N fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 470, parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 475, and channel decoding and demodulation block 480.

[0077] In transmit path 400, channel coding and modulation block 405 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as low-density parity check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulation symbols. Serial-to-parallel block 410 converts (e.g., demultiplexes) the serial modulation symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT / FFT size used in gNB 102 and UE 116. Size-N IFFT block 415 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. Parallel-to-serial block 420 converts (e.g., multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from Size-N IFFT block 415 to generate a serial time-domain signal. Add cyclic prefix block 425 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. Upconverter 430 modulates (e.g., upconverts) the output of Add cyclic prefix block 425 to RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal may also be filtered at baseband before conversion to RF frequency.

[0078] like Figure 4bAs shown, downconverter 455 downconverts the received signal to baseband frequency, and cyclic prefix removal block 460 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. Serial-to-parallel block 465 converts the time-domain baseband signal into parallel time-domain signals. Size-N FFT block 470 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. (P to S) block 475 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals into a sequence of modulated data symbols. Channel decoding and demodulation block 480 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0079] Each of gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmit path similar to 400 for transmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and may implement a receive path similar to 450 for receiving in the uplink from UEs 111-116. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmit path 400 for transmitting in the uplink to gNBs 101-103 and may implement a receive path 450 for receiving in the downlink from gNBs 101-103.

[0080] Figure 4a and Figure 4b Each component in may be implemented using hardware alone or a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, Figure 4a and Figure 4b At least some components in can be implemented in software, while other components can be implemented by configurable hardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. For example, FFT block 470 and IFFT block 415 can be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of size N can be modified according to the implementation.

[0081] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms may be used, such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the variable N may be any integer (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the variable N may be any integer that is a power of two (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0082] although Figure 4a and Figure 4b Examples of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450 are shown, respectively, but may be Figure 4a and Figure 4b Make various changes. For example, you can combine, further subdivide or omit Figure 4a and Figure 4bVarious components in the , and additional components can be added according to specific needs. In addition, Figure 4a and Figure 4b It is intended to illustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths that may be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture may be used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

[0083] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam is determined by a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state that establishes a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between a source reference signal (RS) (e.g., single sideband (SSB) and / or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and a target RS, or by spatial relationship information that establishes an association with a source RS (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, or sounding reference signal (SRS)). In either case, the ID of the source reference signal identifies the beam. The TCI state and / or spatial relationship reference RS may determine the spatial RX filter used for receiving a downlink channel at UE 116, or the spatial TX filter used for transmitting an uplink channel from UE 116.

[0084] like Figure 5a As shown in FIG, in wireless system 500, beam 501 of device 504 can be characterized by beam direction 502 and beam width 503. For example, device 504 (or UE 116) transmits RF energy in the beam direction and within the beam width. Device 504 receives RF energy in the beam direction and within the beam width. Figure 5a As shown in , the device at point A 505 can receive from and transmit to device 504 because point A is within the beamwidth and direction of the beam from device 504. Figure 5a As shown in FIG, the device at point B 506 cannot receive from and transmit to device 504 because point B 506 is outside the beamwidth and direction of the beam from device 504. Although for illustrative purposes, Figure 5a The beam is shown to be two-dimensional (2D), but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the beam may be three-dimensional (3D), where the beam direction and beam width are defined in space.

[0085] Figure 5b 5 shows an example of a multi-beam operation 550 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the multi-beam operation 550 may be performed by Figure 2 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0086] In wireless systems, devices can transmit and / or receive on multiple beams. This is called "multi-beam operation." Figure 5bFor illustrative purposes, the beams are 2D, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the beams can be 3D, where the beams can be sent to or received from any direction in space.

[0087] Figure 6 An example of a transmitter structure 600 for beamforming according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In certain embodiments, one or more of gNB 102 or UE 116 includes transmitter structure 600. For example, one or more of antenna 205 and its associated system or antenna 305 and its associated system may be included in transmitter structure 600. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0088] Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that Rel-14 LTE and Rel-15 NR support up to 32 CSI-RS antenna ports, which enables an eNB or gNB to be equipped with a large number of antenna elements (such as 64 or 128). Multiple antenna elements can then be mapped to one CSI-RS port. For mmWave bands, although the number of antenna elements can be larger for a given form factor, the number of CSI-RS ports (which may correspond to the number of digital precoding ports) may be limited due to hardware constraints (such as the feasibility of installing a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) / digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at mmWave frequencies). Figure 6 As shown. One CSI-RS port can then be mapped to a large number of antenna elements that can be controlled by a set of analog phase shifters 601. One CSI-RS port can then correspond to one subarray that produces a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 605. This analog beam can be configured to scan a wider range of angles 620 by changing the phase shifter set across symbols or time slots / subframes. The number of subarrays (equal to the number of RF chains) is proportional to the number of CSI-RS ports N. CSI-PORT The digital beamforming unit 610 spans N CSI-PORT The analog beams are linearly combined to further increase the precoding gain. While the analog beams are broadband (and therefore not frequency selective), the digital precoding can vary across frequency subbands or resource blocks. Receiver operation can be similarly envisioned.

[0089] because Figure 6The transmitter structure 600 utilizes multiple simulated beams for transmission and reception (where one or a small number of simulated beams are selected from a large number of simulated beams, for example, after a training duration that is performed occasionally or periodically). The term "multi-beam operation" is used to refer to the overall system aspect. For the purposes of this description, this includes indicating the assigned DL or UL TX beam (also referred to as "beam indication"), measuring at least one reference signal used to calculate and perform beam reporting (also referred to as "beam measurement" and "beam reporting," respectively), and receiving the DL or UL transmission via the selection of the corresponding RX beam. Figure 6 The system is also applicable to higher frequency bands, such as those above 52.6 GHz (also known as Frequency Range 4 or FR4). In this case, the system can use only analog beams. Due to O2 absorption losses near 60 GHz (~10 dB additional loss per 100 m of distance), more and narrower analog beams (and therefore more radiators in the array) are required to compensate for the additional path loss.

[0090] The text and figures are provided merely as examples to aid the reader's understanding of the present disclosure. They are not intended to, and should not be construed to, limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the disclosure herein, that variations may be made to the illustrated embodiments and examples without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Transmitter structure 600 for beamforming is provided for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0091] The flowcharts herein illustrate example methods that can be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various changes may be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts herein. For example, although shown as a series of steps, the various steps in each figure may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. In another example, a step may be omitted or replaced by another step.

[0092] Figure 7 An example system 700 of multiple TRPs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the system 700 may be Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0093] refer to Figure 7, a UE can use a single receive (RX) panel or multiple RX panels to simultaneously receive various channels / RSs, such as PDCCH and / or PDSCH, from multiple physically non-co-located TRPs. In the present disclosure, an RX panel can correspond to a set of RX antenna elements / ports at the UE, a set of measurement RS resources such as SRS resources, a spatial domain RX filter, etc. In addition, a TRP in a multi-TRP system can represent a set of measurement antenna ports, measurement RS resources, and / or control resource sets (CORESETs). For example, a TRP can be associated with one or more of the following:

[0094] ●Multiple CSI-RS resources

[0095] ●Multiple CRIs (CSI-RS Resource Index / Indicator)

[0096] ●Measure RS resource sets, such as CSI-RS resource sets and their indicators

[0097] ●Multiple CORESETs associated with CORESETPoolIndex

[0098] ● Multiple CORESETs associated with TRP specific indexes / indicators / identities

[0099] A cell / TRP may be a non-serving cell / TRP. In the present disclosure, a non-serving cell or non-serving cell TRP may have / broadcast a physical cell ID (PCI) and / or other higher-layer signaling index value that is different from the physical cell ID (PCI) and / or other higher-layer signaling index value (i.e., serving cell PCI) of a serving cell or serving cell TRP. In one example, a serving cell or serving cell TRP may be associated with a serving cell ID (SCI) and / or serving cell PCI. That is, for inter-cell operation evaluated in the present disclosure, different cells / TRPs may broadcast different PCIs, and / or one or more cells / TRPs (referred to / defined in the present disclosure as non-serving cells / TRPs) may broadcast a PCI that is different from the PCI of a serving cell / TRP (i.e., serving cell PCI), and / or one or more cells / TRPs may not be associated with a valid SCI (e.g., provided by the higher-layer parameter ServCellIndex). In the present disclosure, the non-serving cell PCI may also be referred to as an additional PCI, another PCI, or a different PCI (relative to the serving cell PCI).

[0100] Furthermore, in wireless communication systems, if a significant / sudden link quality degradation is observed on the UE side, a radio link failure (RLF) may occur. Therefore, if RLF occurs, a fast RLF recovery mechanism becomes critical to quickly re-establish the communication link and avoid severe service interruption. At higher frequencies (e.g., millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies or FR2 in 3GPP NR), both the transmitter and the receiver may use directional (analog) beams to transmit and receive various RS / channels such as SSB, CSI-RS, PDCCH, or PDSCH. Therefore, embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that before declaring a full RLF, if the signal quality / strength of certain beam pair links (BPLs) is below a certain threshold for a certain period of time, the UE may first detect and recover from a potential beam failure.

[0101] Figure 8 FIG. 8 shows an example system 800 of a PCell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the system 800 may be configured to Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0102] 3GPP Rel.15 Beam Failure Recovery (BFR) process is mainly for the primary cell (PCell or PSCell) under the carrier aggregation (CA) framework ( Figure 8 ). The BFR process in 3GPP Rel.15 includes the following key components:

[0103] Beam Failure Detection (BFD)

[0104] New Beam Identifier (NBI)

[0105] BFR Request (BFRQ)

[0106] BFRQ response (BFRR)

[0107] The UE is first configured with a set of BFD RS resources by the gNB to monitor the link quality between the gNB and the UE. One BFD RS resource can correspond to one (periodic) CSI-RS / SSB RS resource, which can be a quasi-co-located (QCL) source RS with type D in the TCI state for the core set. If the received signal quality of all BFD RS resources falls below a given threshold (meaning the assumed block error rate (BLER) of the corresponding core set / PDCCH is above a given threshold), the UE can declare a beam failure instance (BFI). Furthermore, if the UE has declared N_BFI consecutive BFIs within a given time period, the UE will declare a beam failure.

[0108] After declaring / detecting beam failure, the UE will transmit a beam frame forwarding query (BFRQ) to the gNB via a contention-free (CF) physical random access channel (PRACH) (CF BFR-PRACH) resource, whose index is associated with the new beam identified by the UE. Specifically, to determine potential new beams, the UE may first be configured by the network with a set of SSB and / or CSI-RS resources (NBI RS resources) via the higher-layer parameter candidateBeamRSList. The UE will then measure the NBI RSs and calculate their Layer 1 Received Signal Power (L1-RSRP). If at least one of the measured L1-RSRPs of the NBI RSs exceeds a given threshold, the UE will select the beam corresponding to the NBI RS with the highest L1-RSRP as the new beam q_new. To determine the CF BFR-PRACH resource for transmitting the BFRQ, the UE may first be configured by the network with a set of PRACH resources, each associated with an NBI RS resource. The UE can then select a PRACH resource (and hence a new beam index q_new) that has a one-to-one correspondence with the selected NBI RS resource to send the BFRQ to the gNB. Based on the index of the selected CFPRACH resource, the gNB can also know which beam was selected by the UE as the new beam.

[0109] Four slots after the UE has sent the BFRQ, the UE can start monitoring the dedicated CORESET / search space for BFRQ responses. The dedicated CORESET is addressed to the UE-specific Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) and will be sent by the gNB using the newly identified beam. If the UE detects valid UE-specific downlink control information (DCI) in the dedicated CORESET for BFRR, the UE assumes that the beam failure recovery request has been successfully received by the network and the UE will complete the BFR procedure. Otherwise, if the UE does not receive a BFRR within the configured time window, the UE will initiate a contention-based (CB) random access (RA) procedure to reconnect to the network.

[0110] Figure 9 An example system 900 of a secondary cell (SCell) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the system 900 may be configured in a Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0111] In 3GPP Rel. 16, the BFR procedure is customized for the secondary cell (SCell) under the CA framework, where it is assumed that the BPL between the PCell and the UE always works.

[0112] After declaring / detecting beam failure for an SCell, the UE will send a BFRQ in the form of a Scheduling Request (SR) on the PUCCH for the active PCell. Furthermore, the UE may only send the BFRQ at this stage without indicating any new beam index, failed SCell index, or other information to the network. This differs from the Rel 15 PCell / PSCell procedure, where the UE simultaneously indicates both the BFRQ and the identified new beam index to the network. Allowing the gNB to quickly learn of the beam failure status of an SCell without waiting for the UE to identify a new beam may be beneficial. For example, the gNB can deactivate the failed SCell and allocate resources to the other active SCell.

[0113] In response to a BFRQ SR, the network can indicate an uplink grant to the UE, which will allocate the necessary resources for a MAC CE to carry the new beam index q_new (if identified), the failed SCell index, and so on, on the PUSCH for the active PCell. After sending the MAC CE for BFR to the active PCell, the UE will begin monitoring for BFRR. The BFRR can be a TCI status indication for the CORESET of the corresponding SCell. The BFRR to the MAC CE for BFR can also be a normal uplink grant used to schedule a new transmission for the same HARQ process as the PUSCH carrying the MAC CE for BFR. If the UE fails to receive a BFRR within the configured time window, it can either send a BFR-PUCCH again or fall back to a contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure.

[0114] This disclosure evaluates various design aspects related to beam failure detection, declaration, and recovery in a multi-TRP system, where beam / TRP selection is performed under a unified TCI framework.

[0115] As specified in Rel-17, the unified TCI framework may indicate / include N≥1 DL TCI states and / or M≥1 UL TCI states, where the indicated TCI state may be at least one of the following:

[0116] DL TCI state and / or its corresponding / associated TCI state ID

[0117] UL TCI status and / or its corresponding / associated TCI status ID

[0118] ● Joint DL and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0119] ● Separate DL TCI states and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0120] There may be various design options / channels for indicating the beam (i.e., TCI state) used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH to the UE 116. As described in 3GPP Rel-17:

[0121] • In one example, a MAC CE may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0122] • In another example, DCI may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0123] For example, a DL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 1_2) may be used to indicate to UE 116 a beam (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID) for transmission / reception of a PDCCH or PDSCH, where the DL-related DCI may or may not include a DL assignment.

[0124] For another example, UL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2) can be used to indicate to UE 116 the beam used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID), where the UL-related DCI may or may not include UL scheduling grant.

[0125] As another example, a customized / dedicated DCI format may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) used for transmission / reception of the PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0126] Rel-17 introduced a unified TCI framework where a unified or primary TCI state is signaled to the UE. The unified or primary TCI state can be one of the following:

[0127] • In case of joint TCI state indication, where the same beam is used for DL ​​and UL channels, the joint TCI state may be used for at least UE-specific DL channels and UE-specific UL channels.

[0128] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the DL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated DL channel.

[0129] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the UL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated UL channel.

[0130] The unified (primary or primary) TCI state is the TCI state for UE-dedicated reception on PDSCH / PDCCH or PUSCH based on dynamic grant / configuration grant and all dedicated PUCCH resources.

[0131] In a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be indicated / provided / configured by the network 130, for example, via a beam indication MAC CE or DCI (for example, via one or more TCI code points of one or more TCI fields in corresponding DCI 1_1 / 1_2 with or without DL assignment), with a set of one or more (e.g., N>1) TCI states / TCI state pairs, where under the unified TCI framework, the TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, or a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCIState.

[0132] For PDCCH reception or PDCCH candidate monitoring in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in the higher-layer RRC signaling / parameter ControlResourceSet configuring the CORESET) a first indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / TCI state pair of two TCI states), the first indicator may be a two-bit indicator having '00', where '00' indicates that the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '10' indicates that a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied, respectively, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate, e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate, in a corresponding CORESET. '11' indicates that a second TCI state and a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states may be used / applied (respectively) for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) in a corresponding CORESET, wherein the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate may be received in a search space set linked via a SearchSpaceLinking higher layer and / or the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate carry the same / same DCI payload.

[0133] For PDSCH reception in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in a DL DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 / 1_1 / 1_2) scheduling the PDSCH) a second indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving the PDSCH. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of two TCI states), the second indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that a first TCI state among a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for receiving the corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by a DL DCI / PDCCH). '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by DL DCI / PDCCH). '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH), respectively, scheduled by, for example, DL DCI / PDCCH. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied, respectively, for receiving corresponding PDSCHs (e.g., the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH) scheduled, for example, by DL DCI / PDCCH, where the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH can correspond to two PDSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time and / or frequency.

[0134] For PUCCH transmission in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters PUCCH-Config that configure PUCCH / PUCCH resources) a third indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of TCI states), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that the first TCI state among the set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources, e.g., first PUCCH / PUCCH resources and second PUCCH / PUCCH resources, respectively. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states can be used / applied (respectively) for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources, for example, the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource, where the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource can correspond to two PUCCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time and / or frequency.

[0135] For PUSCH transmission in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in the UL DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2) that schedules the PUSCH) a fourth indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for transmitting the PUSCH. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / TCI state pair of two TCI states), the fourth indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH (e.g., scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH). '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting a corresponding PUSCH, e.g., scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH. '10' indicates that the first and second TCI states among a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting a corresponding PUSCH, e.g., a first PUSCH and a second PUSCH, respectively, scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state among the TCI state set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied, respectively, to send corresponding PUSCHs (e.g., the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH) scheduled, e.g., by UL DCI / PDCCH, where the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH can correspond to two PUSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency.

[0136] Figure 10 FIGURE 1 shows a flow chart of an example UE process 1000 for determining a BFD RS set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1000 may be performed by Figure 3 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0137] The process begins at 1005, when the network 130 indicates to the UE 116 via a beam indication MAC CE or DCI a set of two TCI states / TCI state pairs for at least a UE-specific channel / signal. At 1010, the UE 116 determines a BFD RS set based on a first indicator configured for at least one CORESET. At 1015, the first indicator may be set to '00', meaning that the first indicated TCI state is for the CORESET. If the value is '00', then at 1020, the BFD RS set includes RSs provided in the first indicated TCI state. If the value is not '00', then at 1025, the first indicator may be set to '01', meaning that the second indicated TCI state is for the CORESET. If the value is '01', then at 1030, BFD includes RSs provided in the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not '01', then in 1035, the first indicator may be set to '10', i.e., both of the indicated TCI states are for the CORESET. If the value is '10', then in 1040, the BFD RS set includes RSs provided in the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not '10', then in 1045, the indicator may be set to '11', i.e., none of the indicated TCI states are for the CORESET. If the value is '11', then in 1050, the BFD RS set includes RSs provided in the TCI states indicated for the CORESET. If the value is not set to '11', then in 1055, other rules / conditions for determining the BFD RS set (and corresponding BFD RSs) are used.

[0138] In one embodiment, for implicit BFD RS determination:

[0139] ●In one example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point, for example, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0140] ●In another example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point, for example, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0141] ●In another example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0142] In another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and determine a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0143] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine the one or more BFD RS sets (and therefore, the BFD RSs determined therein) according to one or more of the following.

[0144] ●In one example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0145] ●In another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0146] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs. The same value of the RS index in the RS set in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs in the CE, for example, indicated by a TCI code point, for receiving / monitoring the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0147] ●In another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and a second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0148] ● In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point, as specified in the present disclosure, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point as specified in the present disclosure. The same value of the RS index in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs in the CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for one or more CORESETs.

[0149] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a TCI state indicated for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where (i) the TCI state may be provided by the TCI state and for one or more CORESETs, and / or (ii) the TCI state is not in the set / TCI state pair of the indicated TCI state.

[0150] refer to Figure 10 , when / if the first indicator is not present or is configured with an invalid value, the UE 116 may follow other rules / conditions to determine the BFD RS set—and thus the corresponding BFD RS.

[0151] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0 or q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0152] ●In one example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0153] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein a second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0154] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '00' or '10' or '11'.

[0155] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0156] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q1 or q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0157] ●In one example, a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0158] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH can be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0159] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0160] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0161] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point, e.g., in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0162] ●In one example, a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '10' or '11'.

[0163] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling one or more PDSCHs (e.g., the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0164] ●In another example, the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator (e.g., the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource) configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '10' or '11'.

[0165] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein the fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH (e.g., the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0166] Figure 11 FIG1 shows a flowchart 1100 for determining a BFD RS set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the flowchart 1100 may be Figure 1 Any of the UEs 111-116 follows. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0167] The UE may follow certain priority rules to determine which one or more of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to follow in determining the BFD RS set. The priority rules may be fixed in the system specification. Alternatively, the UE 116 may be instructed / configured / provided with the priority rules by the network 130, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0168] ● In one example, the UE 116 may use / apply only the QCL source RSs provided / indicated in the (active) TCI state indicated for the CORESET to determine the BFD RS set. In the present disclosure, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure, and thus, the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state—among the set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, e.g., by TCI code points, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—identified by the first indicator as those indicated for the one or more CORESETs to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure. When / if the first indicator is not present / configured for a CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure by following the QCL source RS provided in the one or more TCI states indicated for the corresponding CORESET (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State). Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a unified TCI state set / TCI state pair.

[0169] In another example, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., having the highest priority), and thus, among the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state—among the set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, e.g., by TCI code points, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—identified by the first indicator as indicated for the one or more CORESETs to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure. The UE 116 may then follow the second, third, and / or fourth indicators—which may be ordered in priority from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI—to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure according to one or more of the following:

[0170] For example, when / if the first indicator indicates that two TCI states (out of a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure) are indicated for CORESET, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure.

[0171] For another example, when / if the first indicator does not exist / is not configured for a CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may first follow the QCL source RS provided in one or more TCI states (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State) indicated for the corresponding CORESET to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure. Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a unified TCI state set / TCI state pair. For this case:

[0172] ■In one example, UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (which may be prioritized in order of high to low, low to high, or configured by network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MACCE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine the BFDRS set according to the design examples specified in this disclosure.

[0173] ■ In another example, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to determine the BFD RS set as specified in this disclosure.

[0174] For another example, when / if the first indicator is not present / configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, then UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (whose priorities may be ordered from high to low, from low to high, or configured by network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine the BFD RS set according to the design examples specified in the present disclosure.

[0175] For another example, when / if the first indicator indicates one of the TCI states, e.g., the first (or second) TCI state—among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, e.g., by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—is indicated for a CORESET, the UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (if applicable)—which may be ordered in priority from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI—to identify the other TCI states, e.g., the second (or first) TCI state—in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. Among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point—used / applied to the corresponding channel / signal, and using / applying the QCL source RS provided in other TCI states—among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point—identified by the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator as those used for the corresponding channel / signal to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure.

[0176] In yet another example, the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator may have the same or equal priority. That is, the UE 116 may follow one or more or all of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator, if applicable, and thus the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state, identified by the indicator as indicated for one or more channels / signals among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, to determine the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure.

[0177] Figure 12 FIGURE 1 shows a flow chart of an example UE process 1200 for determining the radio link quality of a BFD RS set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1200 may be performed by Figure 1 Any one of the UEs 111-116 (such as UE 116) performs. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0178] The process begins at 1205, with network 130 indicating a set of two TCI states / TCI state pairs for at least one UE-specific channel / signal to UE 116 via a beam indication MAC CE or DCI. At 1210, UE 116 evaluates the radio link quality of BFD RS set q0 based on a first indicator configured for at least one CORESET. At 1215, the first indicator may be set to '00', indicating that the first indicated TCI state is for a CORESET. If the value is set to '00', then at 1220, the radio link quality is evaluated based on the RS provided in the first indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '00', then at 1225, the value of the first indicator may be set to '01', indicating that the second indicated TCI state is for a CORESET. If the value is set to '01', then at 1230, the radio link quality is evaluated based on the RS provided in the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '01', then in 1235, the value of the first indicator may be set to '10', i.e., both of the indicated TCI states are for the CORESET. If the value is set to '10', then in 1240, the radio link is evaluated based on the RS provided in the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '10', then in 1245, the value of the first indicator may be set to '11', i.e., none of the indicated TCI states is for the CORESET. If the value is set to '11', then in 1250, the radio link quality is evaluated based on the RS provided in the TCI state indicated for the CORESET. If the value is not set to '11', then in 1255, other rules / conditions for evaluating the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 are used.

[0179] For explicit BFD RS configuration, activation, or indication, the UE may be configured / provisioned / indicated by the network 130 of one or more BFD RS sets for radio link quality monitoring, each BFD RS set including one or more BFD RSs, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, where the BFD RSs may correspond to periodic CSI-RS resources or SSBs. For example, the UE 116 may first be configured by the network 130 with one or more sets of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. The UE 116 may then receive one or more BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection commands (or BFD RS indication MAC CEs) from the network 130, which activate / subselect one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs in the one or more sets to update the one or more BFD RSs in the one or more BFD RS sets.

[0180] In one embodiment, the UE may use / apply a single BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to monitor the radio link quality for multi-TRP operation (based on a single DCI). As specified in the present disclosure, the UE 116 may first be configured with a set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs by the network 130, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. The UE 116 may then receive, for example, a BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection command (or a BFD RS indication MAC CE) from the network 130, which activates / subselects one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs from the set to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set (e.g., q0). For N=2, the BFD RS indication MAC CE may include / indicate two BFD RS sets or BFD RS ID sets. The UE 116 may determine which one or more of the two sets to use to update the BFD RS set q0 based on one or more of the following:

[0181] • In one example, the UE 116 may use / apply the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0182] • In another example, the UE 116 may use / apply the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0183] • In yet another example, the UE 116 may use / apply the BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs provided in both the first set and the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0184] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may be configured / provided / instructed by the network 130 as to which one or more of the two sets (and therefore, the BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs provided therein) to use / apply to update the BFD RS set q0, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0185] For example, the UE 116 may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 with a one-bit or two-bit indicator having “0” / ”00” (“1”, “01”, “10”, or “11”), for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands (e.g., in a BFD RS Indication MAC CE) and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, “0” / ”00” (“1”, “01”, “10”, or “11”) indicating that the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0, “1” / ”01” (“0”, “00”, “10”, or “11”) indicating that the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0, and “0” / ”1” / ”10” / ”11” (“00” or “01”) indicating that the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0. The BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0, and "0" / "1" / "10" / "11" ("00" or "01") indicates that the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set and the second set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0186] For another example, UE 116 may be configured / provided / indicated by network 130 as a bitmap (e.g., of length 2), e.g., via higher layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands (e.g., in a BFD RS indication MAC CE) and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI. When / if the first entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "1" and the second entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "0", one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0 may be updated using / applied the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE; when / if the first entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "0" and the second entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "1", one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0 may be updated using / applied the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE; when / if both the first entry / bit position and the second entry / bit position of the bitmap are set to "1", one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0 may be updated using / applied the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first set and the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE.

[0187] ●In another example, UE 116 may follow one or more of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator specified in the present disclosure to determine which one or more of the two sets indicated in the BFD RS indication MAC CE (and therefore, the BFD RS or BFD RSID provided therein) to use / apply to update the BFD RS set q0 based on one or more of the following.

[0188] For example, when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to "01" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to "10" or "11" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first set and the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0189] For another example, when / if the second indicator for PDSCH reception indication is set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the second indicator for PDSCH reception indication is set to "01" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the second indicator for PDSCH reception indication is set to "10" or "11" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first set and the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0190] For another example, when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to "01" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to "10" or "11" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first set and the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE can be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0191] For another example, when / if the fourth indicator for PUSCH transmission indication is set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the fourth indicator for PUSCH transmission indication is set to "01" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0; when / if the fourth indicator for PUSCH transmission indication is set to "10" or "11" as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first set and second set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set q0.

[0192] To monitor the radio link quality on the BFD RS set q0:

[0193] ●In one example, UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0194] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0195] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0196] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE, and the UE 116 may evaluate the second radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0197] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine or evaluate one or more radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0 according to one or more of the following.

[0198] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0199] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0200] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate two radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0. For example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more first CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and evaluate the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. The second radio link quality of RS set q0 is used to receive / monitor PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in this disclosure, wherein the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0201] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state and the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for one or more CORESETs.

[0202] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate two radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0. For example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, and evaluate the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. a second radio link quality of RS set q0 for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, wherein both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0203] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a TCI state indicated for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, wherein, as specified in the present disclosure, (i) the TCI state may be provided by the TCI-State and for one or more CORESETs, and / or (ii) the TCI state is not in the set / TCI state pair of the indicated TCI state.

[0204] refer to Figure 12 When / if the first indicator does not exist or is configured with an invalid value, the UE 116 may follow other rules / conditions to evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set.

[0205] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state of a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0206] ●In one example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0207] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein a second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0208] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '00' or '10' or '11'.

[0209] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0210] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0211] ●In one example, a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0212] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH can be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0213] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0214] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0215] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state and the second TCI state of a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0216] ●In one example, a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '10' or '11'.

[0217] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling one or more PDSCHs (e.g., the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0218] ●In another example, the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator (e.g., the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource) configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '10' or '11'.

[0219] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein the fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH (e.g., the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0220] According to an exemplary design specified in this disclosure, the UE may follow certain priority rules to determine which one or more of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to follow for evaluating the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0. The priority rules may be fixed in the system specification. Alternatively, the priority rules may be indicated / configured / provided to the UE 116 by the network 130, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0221] ● In one example, the UE 116 may use / apply only the QCL source RSs provided / indicated in the (active) TCI state indicated for the CORESET to evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0. In the present disclosure, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure, and thus, the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state—among the set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, e.g., by TCI code points, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—identified by the first indicator as those indicated for the one or more CORESETs to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure. When / if the first indicator is not present / configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure according to the QCL source RS provided in one or more TCI states indicated for the corresponding CORESET (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State). Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a unified TCI state set / TCI state pair.

[0222] In another example, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., having the highest priority), and thus, the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state identified by the first indicator as those indicated for the one or more CORESETs among the set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, e.g., by TCI code points, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure. The UE 116 may then follow the second, third, and / or fourth indicators, which may be ordered in priority from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure according to one or more of the following:

[0223] For example, when / if the first indicator indicates that two TCI states (among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure) are indicated for CORESET, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure.

[0224] For another example, when / if the first indicator does not exist / is not configured for a CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may first follow the QCL source RS provided in one or more TCI states (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State) indicated for the corresponding CORESET to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set as specified in the present disclosure. Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a unified TCI state set / TCI state pair. For this case:

[0225] ■In one example, UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (their priorities may be ordered from high to low, from low to high, or configured by network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MACCE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of BFD RS set q0 according to the design examples specified in this disclosure.

[0226] ■ In another example, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in this disclosure.

[0227] For another example, when / if the first indicator is not present / configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, then UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (whose priorities may be ordered from high to low, from low to high, or configured by network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 according to the design examples specified in the present disclosure.

[0228] For another example, when / if the first indicator indicates one of the TCI states, e.g., the first (or second) TCI state—among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, e.g., by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—is indicated for a CORESET, the UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (if applicable)—which may be ordered in priority from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI—to identify the other TCI states, e.g., the second (or first) TCI state—in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. Among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, used / applied to the corresponding channel / signal, and using / applying the QCL source RS provided in other TCI states, among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, identified by the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator as those used for the corresponding channel / signal, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure.

[0229] In yet another example, the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator may have the same or equal priority. That is, the UE 116 may follow one or more or all of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator, if applicable, and thus the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state, among the set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by TCI code points in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, identified by the indicator as those for one or more channels / signals, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 as specified in the present disclosure.

[0230] In one embodiment, a UE may use / apply one or more of S>1 (e.g., two) BFD RS sets (e.g., represented by q0_0 and q0_1) to monitor radio link quality for multi-TRP operation (based on a single DCI). As specified in this disclosure, UE 116 may first be configured with one or more (e.g., two) sets of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs by network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. UE 116 may then receive, for example, one or more (e.g., two) BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection commands (or one or more BFD RS indication MAC CEs) from network 130, which activate / subselect one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs from the one or more sets, respectively, to update one or more BFD RSs in one or more of the S>1 BFD RS sets (e.g., q0_0 and q0_1), respectively. In this disclosure, various design examples and methods are presented for S=2; they can be extended to system configurations and / or assumptions where S>2 exists.

[0231] For S=2 or N=2, the two BFD RS sets q0_0 and q0_1 may be (one-to-one) mapped / associated to two TCI states (sets) / TCI state pairs as specified in this disclosure, e.g., indicated by TCI code points in beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0232] ●For example, the first BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a first TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and the second BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a second TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0233] ●For another example, the first BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a second TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and the second BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a first TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0234] ●For another example, the UE 116 may be instructed / configured / provided by the network 130 with a mapping / association relationship between two BFD RS sets q0_0 and q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure and two TCI states (sets of) / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0235] Depending on which TCI state(s) are used / applied for transmitting or receiving a channel / signal (e.g., indicated by a first indicator, a second indicator, a third indicator, and / or a fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure) among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI codepoint in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the associated / corresponding BFD RS set (e.g., q0_0 and / or q0_1) as specified in the present disclosure to detect potential beam failure. In the following example design, a first BFD RS set q0_0 is mapped / associated to a first indication TCI state, and a second BFD RS set q0_1 is mapped / associated to a second indication TCI state. The example design specified in the present disclosure may be extended / applied to a case where the first BFD RS set q0_0 is mapped / associated to a second indication TCI state, and the second BFD RS set q0_1 is mapped / associated to a first indication TCI state.

[0236] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0237] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0238] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE, and the UE 116 may evaluate the second radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0239] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 according to one or more of the following.

[0240] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0241] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0242] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring the PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more first CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘00’ as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and evaluate the second BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for The second radio link quality of RS set q0_1 is used to receive / monitor PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in this disclosure, wherein the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0243] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, and evaluate the second BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. A second radio link quality of RS set q0_1 for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in this disclosure, wherein both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0244] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0245] ●In one example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0246] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein a second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0247] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '00' or '10' or '11'.

[0248] ●In another example, a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0249] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0250] ●In one example, a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0251] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling PDSCH can be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0252] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0253] ●In another example, a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein a fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH may be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0254] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if one or more of the following conditions are met / achieved, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by the TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, and evaluate the second radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by the TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0255] ●In one example, a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) received in a CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '10' or '11'.

[0256] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PDSCH reception, wherein the second indicator indicated in the DL DCI scheduling one or more PDSCHs (e.g., the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0257] ●In another example, the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are both indicated or used / applied for PUCCH transmission, wherein a third indicator (e.g., the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource) configured for or associated with PUCCH transmission as specified in the present disclosure can be set to '10' or '11'.

[0258] ●In another example, both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated or used / applied for PUSCH transmission, wherein the fourth indicator indicated in the UL DCI scheduling PUSCH (e.g., the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH) may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0259] According to the design example specified in this disclosure, the UE may follow certain priority rules to determine which one or more of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to follow to evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1. The priority rules may be fixed in the system specification. Alternatively, the priority rules may be indicated / configured / provided by the network 130 to the UE 116, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0260] ● In one example, the UE 116 may use / apply only the QCL source RSs provided / indicated in the (active) TCI state indicated for the CORESET to evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1. In the present disclosure, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure, and thus, the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state—among the set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, for example, by TCI code points in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—identified by the first indicator as indicated for the one or more CORESETs to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure. When / if the first indicator is not present / configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure according to the QCL source RS provided in one or more TCI states (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State) indicated for the corresponding CORESET. Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a unified TCI state set / TCI state pair.

[0261] ●In another example, the UE 116 may first follow the first indicator configured for one or more CORESETs as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., with the highest priority), and therefore, the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state - among the set / TCI state pairs of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, for example, by TCI code points in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure - identified by the first indicator as those indicated for the one or more CORESETs to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure. The UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator—which may be prioritized from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI—to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure according to one or more of the following.

[0262] For example, when / if the first indicator indicates that two TCI states (among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure) are indicated for CORESET, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure.

[0263] For another example, when / if the first indicator does not exist / is not configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, the UE 116 may first follow the QCL source RS provided in one or more TCI states (e.g., each TCI state is provided by TCI-State) indicated for the corresponding CORESET to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure. Note that the one or more TCI states here may not belong to a set / TCI state pair of a unified TCI state. For this case:

[0264] ■In one example, UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (their priorities may be ordered from high to low, from low to high, or configured by network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MACCE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 according to the design examples specified in the present disclosure.

[0265] ■ In another example, the UE 116 may no longer need to follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS sets q0_0 and / or q0_1 as specified in this disclosure.

[0266] For another example, when / if the first indicator is not present / configured for the CORESET and / or the first indicator indicates that none of the TCI state set / TCI state pair is indicated for PDCCH reception in the CORESET, then the UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (whose priorities may be ordered from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI) to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 according to the design examples specified in the present disclosure.

[0267] For another example, when / if the first indicator indicates one of the TCI states, e.g., the first (or second) TCI state—among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated, e.g., by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure—is indicated for a CORESET, the UE 116 may then follow the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator (if applicable)—which may be ordered in priority from high to low, from low to high, or configured by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI—to identify the other TCI states, e.g., the second (or first) TCI state—in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. Among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, used / applied to the corresponding channel / signal, and using / applying the QCL source RS provided in other TCI states, among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, identified by the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator as those used for the corresponding channel / signal, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFDRS set q0_1 (or the first BFD RS set q0_0) as specified in the present disclosure.

[0268] ● In yet another example, the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator may have the same or equal priority. That is, the UE 116 may follow one or more or all of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and the fourth indicator, if applicable, and thus the QCL source RSs provided in the TCI state, among the set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by TCI code points in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, identified by the indicator as those for one or more channels / signals, to determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure.

[0269] As specified in this disclosure, one or more BFD RSs or entries in a BFD RS set (e.g., the first BFD RS set q0_0 or the second BFD RS set q0_1 as discussed in this disclosure) may be updated / indicated by one or more BFD RS indication MAC CEs, where each BFD RS indication MAC CE may activate or sub-select one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs from a set of one or more higher-layer RRC-configured BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs. For the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1):

[0270] In one example, the UE 116 may receive a BFD RS indication MAC CE associated with or dedicated to the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1) from the network 130—e.g., the BFD RS indication MAC CE may include / contain / provide an ID / index of the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1). The BFD RS indication MAC CE may include / contain / contain a set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs that may be activated / sub-selected from a first higher layer RRC-configured list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, a second higher layer RRC-configured list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, or a list / set of first and / or second higher layer RRC-configured BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, based on a configuration / indication of the network 130 via higher layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI. The UE 116 may use / apply the one or more BFD RSs or one or more BFD RS IDs provided in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0271] In another example, UE 116 may receive a BFD RS indication MAC CE from network 130 that includes / comprising / contains two BFD RSs or BFD RS ID sets, represented by a first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set and a second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set, respectively. For this design example, depending on the configuration / indication of network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling, the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set may be activated / reselected from the first higher-layer RRC-configured list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, the second higher-layer RRC-configured list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, or the first and / or second higher-layer RRC-configured lists / sets of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs. Depending on the configuration / indication of the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling, the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set may be activated / reselected from the list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs configured by the first higher-layer RRC, the list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs configured by the second higher-layer RRC, or the list / set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs configured by the first and / or second higher-layer RRC.

[0272] For example, the UE 116 may update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1) using / applying the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE.

[0273] For another example, UE 116 may use / apply the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0274] For another example, UE 116 may use / apply the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS indication MAC CE to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0275] For another example, the UE 116 may be configured / provided / instructed by the network 130 as to which one or more of the two sets (and therefore, the BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs provided therein) to use / apply to update the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1), for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0276] ■For example, the UE 116 may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 with a one-bit or two-bit indicator having “0” / ”00” (“1”, “01”, “10”, or “11”), for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands (e.g., in a BFD RS indication MAC CE) and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling, and the “0” / ”00” (“1”, “01”, “10”, or “11”) indicates that the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS indication MAC CE or BFD RS ID set may be used / applied for updating one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1). '1' / '01' ('0', '00', '10', or '11') indicates that one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1) can be updated using / applying the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE. '0' / '1' / '10' / '11' ('00' or '01') indicates that one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1) can be updated using / applying the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE.

[0277] ■ For another example, UE 116 may be configured / provided / indicated by network 130 of a bitmap (e.g., of length 2), e.g., via higher layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands (e.g., in a BFD RS indication MAC CE) and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling. When / if the first entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "1" and the second entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "0", one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1) may be updated using / applying the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE; when / if the first entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "0" and the second entry / bit position of the bitmap is set to "1", one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1) may be updated using / applying the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE; when / if both the first and second entries / bit positions of the bitmap are set to "1", the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied. One or more BFD RSs in the RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0278] For another example, UE 116 may follow one or more of the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator, and / or the fourth indicator specified in the present disclosure to determine which one or more of the two sets indicated in the BFD RS indication MACCE (and therefore, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided therein) to use / apply to update the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1) based on one or more of the following.

[0279] ■For example, when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to ‘00’ as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RSs provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to ‘01’ as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS IDs provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the first indicator configured for the CORESET is set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS IDs provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS Indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1). One or more BFD RSs in the RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0280] ■For another example, when / if the second indicator for the PDSCH reception indication is set to “00” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the second indicator for the PDSCH reception indication is set to “01” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the second indicator for the PDSCH reception indication is set to “10” or “11” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1). One or more BFD RSs in the RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0281] ■For another example, when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to “00” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to “01” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the third indicator configured for PUCCH transmission is set to “10” or “11” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in both the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1). One or more BFD RSs in the RS set q0_0 (or in the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0282] ■For another example, when / if the fourth indicator for the PUSCH transmission indication is set to “00” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the fourth indicator for the PUSCH transmission indication is set to “01” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the second BFD RS or BFD RS ID set in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied to update one or more BFD RSs in the first BFD RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1); when / if the fourth indicator for the PUSCH transmission indication is set to “10” or “11” as specified in the present disclosure, the BFD RS or BFD RS ID provided in the first and second BFD RS or BFD RS ID sets in the BFD RS indication MAC CE may be used / applied. One or more BFD RSs in the RS set q0_0 (or the second BFD RS set q0_1).

[0283] For any or each BFD RS set specified in this disclosure, if the upper layers receive from the physical layer in UE 116 a radio link quality for the BFD RS set that is worse than a threshold value, Qout, the upper layers in UE 116 will increment the beam failure instance (BFI) count (by one) in the BFI counter (denoted by BFI_COUNTER) associated / corresponding to the BFD RS set. If the BFI count in the BFI counter (BFI_COUNTER) for the BFD RS set reaches a maximum number of BFI counts (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter, maxBFIcount) before the BFD timer expires, UE 116 will declare beam failure for the BFD RS set. After the upper layers in UE 116 declare beam failure for the BFD RS set, the upper layers in UE 116 reset the BFI count in the corresponding / associated BFI counter (BFI_COUNTER) or BFD timer to zero.

[0284] For any or each BFD RS set specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 may be configured with / provided by the network 130 with a new beam identification (NBI) RS set—corresponding to / associated with the BFD RS set—for radio link quality measurement, for example, via the higher-layer parameter candidateBeamRSList. As discussed herein, the NBI RS set corresponding to / associated with the BFD RS set is used to identify potential new beams to recover a failed beam / link (and, therefore, the corresponding channel / signal or TRP) for the BFD RS set. The UE 116 expects a single-port or dual-port CSI-RS with a frequency density equal to 1 or 3 REs per resource block (RB) in the NBI RS set. The UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality based on the resource-configured NBI RS set relative to a threshold Qin. The UE 116 applies the Qin threshold to the L1-RSRP measurements obtained from the SSBs in the NBI RS set and, after scaling the corresponding CSI-RS received power by the value provided by powerControlOffset, applies the Qin threshold to the L1-RSRP measurements obtained from the CSI-RS resources in the NBI RS set. Based on the L1-RSRP measurements, the UE 116 can identify the periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index in the NBI RS set, denoted by q_new, that corresponds to the maximum / highest measured L1-RSRP among those L1-RSRPs that are greater than or equal to the Qin threshold.

[0285] This disclosure evaluates various design aspects related to transmitting beam failure recovery requests (BFRQs) and information related to beams with radio link quality worse than a threshold in a multi-TRP system, where beam / TRP selection is performed under a unified TCI framework.

[0286] As specified in Rel-17, the unified TCI framework may indicate / include N≥1 DL TCI states and / or M≥1 UL TCI states, where the indicated TCI state may be at least one of the following:

[0287] DL TCI state and / or its corresponding / associated TCI state ID

[0288] UL TCI status and / or its corresponding / associated TCI status ID

[0289] ● Joint DL and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0290] ● Separate DL TCI states and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0291] There may be various design options / channels for indicating the beam (i.e., TCI state) used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH to the UE 116. As described in 3GPP Rel-17:

[0292] • In one example, a MAC CE may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0293] • In another example, DCI may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0294] For example, a DL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 1_2) may be used to indicate to UE 116 a beam (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID) for transmission / reception of a PDCCH or PDSCH, where the DL-related DCI may or may not include a DL assignment.

[0295] For another example, UL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2) can be used to indicate to UE 116 the beam used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID), where the UL-related DCI may or may not include UL scheduling grant.

[0296] As another example, a customized / dedicated DCI format may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) used for transmission / reception of the PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0297] Rel-17 introduced a unified TCI framework where a unified or primary TCI state is signaled to the UE. The unified or primary TCI state can be one of the following:

[0298] • In case of joint TCI state indication, where the same beam is used for DL ​​and UL channels, the joint TCI state may be used for at least UE-specific DL channels and UE-specific UL channels.

[0299] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the DL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated DL channel.

[0300] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the UL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated UL channel.

[0301] The unified (primary or primary) TCI state is the TCI state for UE-dedicated reception on PDSCH / PDCCH or PUSCH based on dynamic grant / configuration grant and all dedicated PUCCH resources.

[0302] In a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be indicated / provided / configured by the network 130, one or more (e.g., N>1) TCI state sets / TCI state pairs, for example, via a beam indication MAC CE or DCI (e.g., via one or more TCI code points of one or more TCI fields in corresponding DCI 1_1 / 1_2 with or without DL assignment), where under a unified TCI framework, the TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, or a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI state, and a TCI state pair may include / contain a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State or a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-STATE / UL-TCI state.

[0303] For PDCCH reception or PDCCH candidate monitoring in a (single DCI-based) multi-TRP system, the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling (e.g., in the higher-layer RRC signaling / parameter ControlResourceSet configuring the CORESET) a first indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / TCI state pair of two TCI states), the first indicator may be a two-bit indicator having '00', where '00' indicates that the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '10' indicates that a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied, respectively, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate, e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate, in a corresponding CORESET. '11' indicates that a second TCI state and a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states may be used / applied (respectively) for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) in a corresponding CORESET, wherein the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate may be received in a search space set linked via a SearchSpaceLinking higher layer and / or the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate carry the same / same DCI payload.In addition, throughout this disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in this disclosure) may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a pair of a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state.

[0304] For PDSCH reception in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in a DL DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 / 1_1 / 1_2) scheduling the PDSCH) a second indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving the PDSCH. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of two TCI states), the second indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that a first TCI state among a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for receiving the corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by a DL DCI / PDCCH). '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by DL DCI / PDCCH). '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH), respectively, scheduled by, for example, DL DCI / PDCCH. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, can be used / applied for receiving corresponding PDSCHs (e.g., a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH) scheduled, for example, by a DL DCI / PDCCH, where the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH can correspond to two PDSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency. Furthermore, throughout the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in the present disclosure) can correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a pair of a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state.

[0305] For PUCCH transmission in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters PUCCH-Config that configure PUCCH / PUCCH resources) a third indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of TCI states), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that the first TCI state among the set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources, e.g., first PUCCH / PUCCH resources and second PUCCH / PUCCH resources, respectively. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states may be used / applied (respectively) for transmitting a PUCCH / PUCCH resource, such as a first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and a second PUCCH / PUCCH resource, wherein the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource may correspond to two PUCCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency. Furthermore, throughout the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in the present disclosure) may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state pair.

[0306] For PUSCH transmission in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in the UL DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2) that schedules the PUSCH) a fourth indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for transmitting the PUSCH. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / TCI state pair of two TCI states), the fourth indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH (e.g., scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH). '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting a corresponding PUSCH, e.g., scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH. '10' indicates that the first and second TCI states among a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting a corresponding PUSCH, e.g., a first PUSCH and a second PUSCH, respectively, scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a TCI state set / TCI state pair indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied to transmit corresponding PUSCHs (e.g., a first PUSCH and a second PUSCH), for example, scheduled by UL DCI / PDCCH, where the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH can correspond to two PUSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency. Furthermore, throughout the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in the present disclosure) can correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state pair.

[0307] In one embodiment, for implicit BFD RS determination:

[0308] ●In one example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point, for example, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0309] ●In another example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point, for example, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0310] ●In another example, UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0311] In another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and determine a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0312] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine the one or more BFD RS sets (and therefore, the BFD RSs determined therein) according to one or more of the following.

[0313] ●In one example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0314] ●In another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state in a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0315] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs. The same value of the RS index in the RS set in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs in the CE, for example, indicated by a TCI code point, for receiving / monitoring the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0316] ●In another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and a second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0317] ● In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine two BFD RS sets. For example, the UE 116 may determine a first BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by a TCI code point, as specified in the present disclosure, and a second BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point as specified in the present disclosure. The same value of the RS index in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs in the CE, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for one or more CORESETs.

[0318] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in a TCI state indicated for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where (i) the TCI state may be provided by the TCI state and for one or more CORESETs, and / or (ii) the TCI state is not in the set / TCI state pair of the indicated TCI state.

[0319] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may determine a BFDRS set (e.g., represented by q0 or q0_0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFDRS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '00' or '10' or '11'.

[0320] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may determine a BFDRS set (e.g., represented by q1 or q0_1) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFDRS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '01' or '10' or '11'.

[0321] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if both a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may determine a BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in an RS set in the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate) received in the CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '10' or '11'.

[0322] For explicit BFD RS configuration, activation, or indication, the UE may be configured / provisioned / indicated by the network 130 of one or more BFD RS sets for radio link quality monitoring, each BFD RS set including one or more BFD RSs, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, where the BFD RSs may correspond to periodic CSI-RS resources or SSBs. For example, the UE 116 may first be configured by the network 130 with one or more sets of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. The UE 116 may then receive one or more BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection commands (or BFD RS indication MAC CEs) from the network 130, which activate / subselect one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs in the one or more sets to update the one or more BFD RSs in the one or more BFD RS sets.

[0323] In one embodiment, the UE may use / apply a single BFD RS set (e.g., represented by q0) to monitor the radio link quality of multi-TRP operation (based on a single DCI). As specified in the present disclosure, the UE 116 may first be configured with a set of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs by the network 130, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. The UE 116 may then receive, for example, a BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection command (or a BFD RS indication MAC CE) from the network 130, which activates / subselects one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs from the set to update the one or more BFD RSs in the BFD RS set (e.g., q0).

[0324] To monitor the radio link quality on the BFD RS set q0:

[0325] ●In one example, UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0326] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0327] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0328] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE, and the UE 116 may evaluate the second radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0329] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine or evaluate one or more radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0 according to one or more of the following.

[0330] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0331] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0332] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate two radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0. For example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more first CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and evaluate the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. The second radio link quality of RS set q0 is used to receive / monitor PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in this disclosure, wherein the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0333] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state and the second TCI state of a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, where both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for one or more CORESETs.

[0334] In yet another example, the UE 116 may determine or evaluate two radio link qualities of the BFD RS set q0. For example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, and evaluate the BFD RS set q0 based on an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. a second radio link quality of RS set q0 for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure, wherein both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0335] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a TCI state indicated for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with a first indicator set to ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, wherein, as specified in the present disclosure, (i) the TCI state may be provided by the TCI-State and for one or more CORESETs, and / or (ii) the TCI state is not in the set / TCI state pair of the indicated TCI state.

[0336] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 according to the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among the set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first indicator configured for or associated with the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET may be set to '00' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0337] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 according to the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first indicator configured for or associated with the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET may be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0338] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if both a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set q0 according to the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first indicator configured for or associated with the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate) received in the CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '10' or '11'.

[0339] In one embodiment, a UE may use / apply one or more of S>1 (e.g., two) BFD RS sets (e.g., represented by q0_0 and q0_1) to monitor radio link quality for multi-TRP operation (based on a single DCI). As specified in this disclosure, UE 116 may first be configured with one or more (e.g., two) sets of BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs by network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters. UE 116 may then receive, for example, one or more (e.g., two) BFD RS MAC CE activation / subselection commands (or one or more BFD RS indication MAC CEs) from network 130, which activate / subselect one or more BFD RSs or BFD RS IDs from the one or more sets, respectively, to update one or more BFD RSs in one or more of the S>1 BFD RS sets (e.g., q0_0 and q0_1), respectively. In this disclosure, various design examples and methods are presented for S=2; they can be extended to system configurations and / or assumptions where S>2 exists.

[0340] For S=2 or N=2, the two BFD RS sets q0_0 and q0_1 may be (one-to-one) mapped / associated to two TCI states (sets) / TCI state pairs as specified in this disclosure, e.g., indicated by TCI code points in beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0341] ●For example, the first BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a first TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and the second BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a second TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0342] ●For another example, the first BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a second TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and the second BFD RS set q0_0 can be mapped / associated to a first TCI state identified among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0343] ●For another example, the UE 116 may be instructed / configured / provided by the network 130 with a mapping / association relationship between two BFD RS sets q0_0 and q0_1 as specified in the present disclosure and two TCI states (sets of) / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI.

[0344] Depending on which TCI state(s) are used / applied for transmitting or receiving a channel / signal (e.g., indicated by a first indicator, a second indicator, a third indicator, and / or a fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure) among a set / pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI codepoint in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the associated / corresponding BFD RS set (e.g., q0_0 and / or q0_1) as specified in the present disclosure to detect potential beam failure. In the following example design, a first BFD RS set q0_0 is mapped / associated to a first indication TCI state, and a second BFD RS set q0_1 is mapped / associated to a second indication TCI state. The example design specified in the present disclosure may be extended / applied to a case where the first BFD RS set q0_0 is mapped / associated to a second indication TCI state, and the second BFD RS set q0_1 is mapped / associated to a first indication TCI state.

[0345] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0346] ●In another example, the UE 116 can evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0347] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE, and the UE 116 may evaluate the second radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0348] When the UE receives the first indicator of one or more CORESETs as specified in this disclosure, the UE 116 will determine or evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 and / or the second BFD RS set q0_1 according to one or more of the following.

[0349] ●In one example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '00' as specified in the present disclosure, where the first TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0350] ●In another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in the present disclosure, where the second TCI state is used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0351] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring the PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more first CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘00’ as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first TCI state is for the one or more first CORESETs, and evaluate the second BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for The second radio link quality of RS set q0_1 is used to receive / monitor PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more second CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '01' as specified in this disclosure, wherein the second TCI state is used for the one or more second CORESETs.

[0352] ●In yet another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the first radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to ‘10’ or ‘11’ as specified in the present disclosure, and evaluate the second BFD RS set q0_0 based on the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs as specified in the present disclosure, for example, as indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE. A second radio link quality of RS set q0_1 for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs configured for / associated with the first indicator set to '10' or '11' as specified in this disclosure, wherein both the first TCI state and the second TCI state are used for the one or more CORESETs.

[0353] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the first BFD RS set q0_0 according to the SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on the PCell or PSCell in the first TCI state among the set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first indicator configured for or associated with the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET as specified in the present disclosure may be set to '00' or '10' or '11'.

[0354] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the second BFD RS set q0_1 on the PCell or PSCell in the second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, wherein the first indicator configured for or associated with the PDCCH / PDCCH candidate received in the CORESET may be set to '01' or '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0355] According to one or more examples described herein, when / if both a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure are indicated for at least one CORESET or for / applied to PDCCH reception, the UE 116 may evaluate a first radio link quality of a first BFD RS set q0_0 according to an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a first TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and evaluate a second BFD RS set q0_0 according to an SSB or periodic CSI-RS resource configuration on a PCell or PSCell in a second TCI state among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. The second radio link quality of RS set q0_1, wherein a first indicator configured for or associated with a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (eg, a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) received in a CORESET may be set to '10' or '11' as specified in the present disclosure.

[0356] For any or each BFD RS set specified in this disclosure, if the upper layers receive from the physical layer in UE 116 a radio link quality for the BFD RS set that is worse than a threshold value, Qout, the upper layers in UE 116 will increment the beam failure instance (BFI) count (by one) in the BFI counter (denoted by BFI_COUNTER) associated / corresponding to the BFD RS set. If the BFI count in the BFI counter (BFI_COUNTER) for the BFD RS set reaches a maximum number of BFI counts (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter, maxBFIcount) before the BFD timer expires, UE 116 will declare beam failure for the BFD RS set. After the upper layers in UE 116 declare beam failure for the BFD RS set, the upper layers in UE 116 reset the BFI count in the corresponding / associated BFI counter (BFI_COUNTER) or BFD timer to zero.

[0357] The BFD RS set may be associated / corresponding to one or more TCI states among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, e.g., by a TCI code point, for at least UE-specific DL and / or UL channel / signal indication as specified in the present disclosure. For example, the BFD RS set may include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and / or a second TCI state (e.g., for N=2) among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure; for this case, whether to use / apply the first TCI state and / or the second TCI state may be determined based on one or more of the following: (1) fixed in the system specification, (2) configured / provided / indicated by the network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, and (3) depending on the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator and / or their association with the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure. For another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set configured by RRC and / or indicated by MAC CE based on RS indices in a first TCI state and / or a second TCI state (e.g., for N=2) among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure; for this case, whether to use / apply the first TCI state and / or the second TCI state may be determined based on one or more of the following: (1) fixed in the system specification, (2) configured / provided / indicated by the network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, and (3) depending on the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator and / or their association with the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure.To configure / determine one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets as specified in the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state as specified in the present disclosure may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI state, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI state, or a separate DL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state. Throughout the present disclosure, if the radio link quality of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets (or equivalently, the radio link quality of one or more BFD RS sets) is worse than a threshold (e.g., Qout,LR), then (the higher layers of) the UE may declare a beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets (or equivalently, one or more BFD RS sets).

[0358] Figure 13 FIGURE 1 shows a flow chart of an example UE process 1300 for transmitting PUCCH-LRR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1300 may be performed by Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0359] The process begins at 1305, when higher layers of UE 116 declare a beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with a first TCI state in a set / pair of two indicated TCI states. At 1310, the value of a third indicator may be set to '00', i.e., the first indicated TCI state is used for PUCCH. If the value is set to '00', then at 1315, UE 116 transmits a PUCCH-LRR according to the first indicated TCI state or the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '00', then at 1320, the value of the third indicator may be set to '01', i.e., the second indicated TCI state is used for PUCCH. If the value is set to '01', then at 1325, UE 116 transmits a PUCCH-LRR according to the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '01', then at 1330, the value of the third indicator may be set to '10' or '11', i.e., the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state are used for the PUCCH. If the value is set to '10' or '11', then at 1335, the UE 116 transmits the PUCCH-LRR according to the first indicated TCI state or the second indicated TCI state or the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '10' or '11', then at 1340, other rules / conditions are used to determine the spatial TX filter used to transmit the PUCCH-LRR.

[0360] In one embodiment, for example, when UE 116 has declared beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with one or more indicated TCI states, network 130 may provide / configure / indicate to UE 116, for example, via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, a configuration for PUCCH transmission with a link recovery request (LRR) for transmitting PUCCH. As specified in the present disclosure, the UE may determine a spatial domain transmit filter to transmit uplink signals / data on the PUCCH resources based on a third indicator for PUCCH resources provided / configured / indicated to UE 116, for example, in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the PUCCH resources, and a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for example, as specified in the present disclosure. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set of two TCI states / TCI state pairs), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', where '00' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH / PUCCH resource based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state among the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with the third indicator). '01' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH / PUCCH resource based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state among the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with the third indicator). '10' indicates that the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH / PUCCH resource based on an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state and a second TCI state, respectively, among a TCI state set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., is associated with / configured with a third indicator.'11' indicates that UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter for sending the corresponding PUCCH / PUCCH resource based on the RS index in the RS set in the second TCI state and the first TCI state respectively in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or no indicated TCI state, i.e., associated with / configured with the third indicator; in the present disclosure, the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource can correspond to two PUCCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time and / or frequency.

[0361] In one example, the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter used to transmit PUCCH-LRR based on a third indicator for PUCCH-LRR, for example, provided / configured / indicated to the UE 116 in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures PUCCH-LRR resources. For N=2 (i.e., as specified in this disclosure for indicating two TCI state sets / TCI state pairs), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator.

[0362] For example, when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (for example, in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter used to transmit the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on the RS index in the RS set in the first TCI state among the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., be associated with / configured with the third indicator.

[0363] For another example, when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (for example, in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '01', the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter used to send the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on the RS index in the RS set in the second TCI state among the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., be associated with / configured with the third indicator.

[0364] For another example, when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (for example, in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '10', the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter used to send the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on the RS index in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or the first TCI state and the second TCI state in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., be associated with / configured with the third indicator.

[0365] For another example, when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (for example, in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '11', the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter used to send the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on the RS index in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or the second TCI state and the first TCI state in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., be associated with / configured with the third indicator.

[0366] In order to transmit PUCCH-LRR, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCIState, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0367] In another example, as specified in the present disclosure, higher layers of the UE 116 may declare beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to one or more of the TCI states (sets) / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For this example, the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR based on a third indicator for PUCCH-LRR provided / configured / indicated to the UE 116, for example, in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures PUCCH-LRR resources, and the TCI state associated with the failed BFD RS / BFD RS set. For N=2 (i.e., those indicating two TCI state sets / TCI state pairs in accordance with the present disclosure), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator.

[0368] For example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State:

[0369] In one example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of the first and second TCI states in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair.

[0370] ■In another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0371] ■In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '10', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE, as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0372] ■In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '11', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0373] In addition, when a higher layer of the UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a TCI state (set of) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State, the UE 116 may select a beam failure state according to the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. The spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR is determined or spatially associated with an RS index in an RS set in a second TCI state in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated in a CE, i.e., is associated with / configured with a third indicator, regardless of the value of the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) or when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', '01', '10', or '11'), where the second TCI state can be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0374] For example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for example, and when the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State:

[0375] In one example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of the first and second TCI states in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair.

[0376] ■In another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of the first and second TCI states in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0377] ■In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '10', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE, as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0378] ■In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '11', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0379] In addition, when a higher layer of the UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a second TCI state in a TCI state (set of) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State, the UE 116 may select a beam failure state according to the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. The spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR is determined or spatially associated with an RS index in an RS set in a first TCI state in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated in a CE, i.e., is associated with / configured with a third indicator, regardless of the value of the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) or when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', '01', '10', or '11'), where the first TCI state can be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0380] For another example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state and a second TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state or the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState or a separate DL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState:

[0381] In one example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '00', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0382] In another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '01', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or in both the first TCI state and the second TCI state, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0383] In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '10', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE, respectively, as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated with / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0384] In yet another example, when a third indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to '11', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUCCH-LRR based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the third indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0385] In yet another example, as specified in the present disclosure, higher layers of UE 116 may declare beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to one or more of the TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For this example, UE 116 may determine a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting PUCCH-LRR based on a spatial relationship configured / indicated / provided for PUCCH-LRR resources according to one or more of the following:

[0386] For example, when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to "11" or "None" (which indicates that no indicated TCI state can be used / applied for PUCCH transmission), the UE 116 can determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR based on the spatial relationship of the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., the RS in the RS set provided / configured / indicated in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo).

[0387] For another example, when both the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a TCI state set / TCI state pair indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure correspond to separate DL TCI states each provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState, regardless of the value of the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the PUCCH-LRR resource), or when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource is set to '00', '01', '10', or '11', the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR based on the spatial relationship of the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., the RS in the RS set provided / configured / indicated in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo).

[0388] For another example, when a first TCI state or a second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State or a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, and when the UE 116 declares beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to both the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state as specified in the present disclosure, regardless of the value of the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource), or when the third indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUCCH-LRR resource (e.g., in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config configuring the PUCCH-LRR resource) is set to “00”, “01”, “10”, or “11”, the UE 116 116 may determine a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting PUCCH-LRR according to a spatial relationship of PUCCH-LRR resources (eg, RSs in an RS set provided / configured / indicated in a higher-layer parameter PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo).

[0389] Figure 14 FIGURE 1 shows a flow chart of an example UE process 1400 for transmitting PUCCH-LRR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1400 may be performed by Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0390] The process begins at 1405, where UE 116 has declared beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with a second indicated TCI state in two indicated TCI state sets / TCI state pairs. At 1410, only a first configuration for PUCCH-LRR may be provided. If the first configuration is provided, at 1415, UE 116 transmits the PUCCH-LRR using the first configuration and determines a spatial TX filter for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR based on a third indicator and / or the first indicated TCI state / the second indicated TCI state. If the first configuration is not provided, at 1420, both the first and second configurations for PUCCH-LRR are provided to UE 116. At 1425, UE 116 transmits the PUCCH-LRR using the second configuration and determines a spatial TX filter for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR based on the third indicator and / or the first indicated TCI state / the second indicated TCI state.

[0391] In one embodiment, when / if the network 130 instructs / provides / configures a user equipment (UE) for receiving / transmitting at least two (e.g., N=2) sets of TCI states / TCI state pairs for receiving / transmitting at least UE-specific DL / UL channels / signals, for example, via a beam indication MAC CE or a beam indication DCI (e.g., via one or more TCI code points of one or more TCI fields in corresponding DCI 1_1 / 1_2 with or without DL assignment), and / or when / if the PCell or PSCell is associated with two BFD RS sets q0_0 and q0_1 (and therefore, with sets q1_0 and q1_1) specified in the present disclosure, and / or when / if the network 130 provides / instructs / configures the UE through higher layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI. When the UE 116 receives the one or more first, second, third, and fourth indicators specified in the present disclosure, indicating one or more indicated TCI states for PDCCH reception, PDSCH reception, PUCCH transmission, and / or PUSCH transmission, for example, when the UE 116 has declared that beam failure has occurred for a BFD RS in one or more BFD RS sets associated with the one or more indicated TCI states specified in the present disclosure, and when / if the UE 116 has two LRR capabilities, the network 130 may provide / configure / indicate a first configuration of PUCCH transmission with an LRR request for the UE 116 to transmit the PUCCH, for example, when the UE 116 has declared that beam failure has occurred for a BFD RS in one or more BFD RS sets associated with the one or more indicated TCI states specified in the present disclosure, and when / if the UE 116 has two LRR capabilities, the network 130 may provide / configure / indicate a first configuration of PUCCH transmission with an LRR request for the UE 116 to transmit the PUCCH, for example, when the UE 116 has declared that beam failure has occurred for a BFD RS in one or more BFD RS sets associated with the one or more indicated TCI states specified in the present disclosure, the network 130 may provide / configure / indicate a first configuration of PUCCH transmission with an LRR request for the UE 116 to transmit the PUCCH, for example, when the UE 116 has declared that beam failure has occurred for a BFD RS in one or more BFD RS sets associated with the one or more indicated TCI states specified in the present disclosure, 116 provides / configures / indicates a second configuration for UE 116 to transmit PUCCH with LRR request.

[0392] In one example, if UE 116 is provided only with the first configuration for PUCCH-LRR, and if the higher layers of UE 116 declare a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with the first indicated TCI state and / or the second indicated TCI state, then according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may send PUCCH-LRR according to the first configuration, and determine the spatial domain transmit filter for sending PUCCH-LRR according to a third indicator provided / configured / indicated to UE 116 in the higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring PUCCH-LRR resources and a set / TCI state pair specified in the present disclosure, for example, indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE.

[0393] In one example, if UE 116 is provided with both the first and second configurations for PUCCH-LRR:

[0394] ●For example, when the higher layer of UE 116 declares that the beam of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to the first TCI state in the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure has failed, according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may use the first configuration to send the first PUCCH-LRR, and determine the spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR based on the third indicator that provides / configures / indicates the first PUCCH-LRR resource to UE 116 in the higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the first PUCCH-LRR resource, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. When a higher layer of UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a second TCI state in a TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for example, according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may use a second configuration to send a second PUCCH-LRR, and determine a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR based on a third indicator providing / configuring / indicating the second PUCCH-LRR resources to UE 116, for example, in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the second PUCCH-LRR resources, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0395] ●For another example, for example, when the higher layer of UE 116 declares that the beaming of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to the first TCI state in the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure fails, according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may use the second configuration to send the first PUCCH-LRR, and determine the spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR based on the third indicator providing / configuring / indicating the first PUCCH-LRR resource to UE 116 in the higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the first PUCCH-LRR resource, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. When a higher layer of UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a second TCI state in a TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for example, according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may send a second PUCCH-LRR using the first configuration, and determine a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR based on a third indicator providing / configuring / indicating the second PUCCH-LRR resources to UE 116, for example, in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the second PUCCH-LRR resources, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0396] ●For another example, when a higher layer of UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state and a second TCI state in a TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, for example, according to one or more design examples specified in the present disclosure, UE 116 may use a first configuration to send a first PUCCH-LRR and determine a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR according to a third indicator provided / configured / indicated to UE 116 in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the first PUCCH-LRR resource, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and / or UE 116 may use a second configuration to send a second PUCCH-LRR and determine a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR according to a third indicator provided / configured / indicated to UE 116 in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the first PUCCH-LRR resource, for example, and the TCI state (set) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and / or UE 116 may use a second configuration to send a second PUCCH-LRR and determine a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the first PUCCH-LRR according to a third indicator provided / configured / indicated to UE 116 in a higher layer parameter PUCCH-Config for configuring the second PUCCH-LRR resource. 116 provides / configures / indicates a third indicator of the second PUCCH-LRR resource, and determines the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the first PUCCH-LRR by a TCI state (set of) / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure.

[0397] The BFD RS set may be associated / corresponding to one or more TCI states among a set / TCI state pair of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states indicated in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, e.g., by a TCI code point, for at least UE-specific DL and / or UL channel / signal indication as specified in the present disclosure. For example, the BFD RS set may include a periodic CSI-RS resource configuration index or SSB index (also referred to as a BFD RS resource index) having the same value as an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and / or a second TCI state (e.g., for N=2) among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure; for this case, whether to use / apply the first TCI state and / or the second TCI state may be determined based on one or more of the following: (1) fixed in the system specification, (2) configured / provided / indicated by the network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, and (3) depending on the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator and / or their association with the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure. For another example, the UE 116 may evaluate the radio link quality of the BFD RS set configured by RRC and / or indicated by MAC CE based on RS indices in a first TCI state and / or a second TCI state (e.g., for N=2) among a set of one or more (e.g., N=2) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure; for this case, whether to use / apply the first TCI state and / or the second TCI state may be determined based on one or more of the following: (1) fixed in the system specification, (2) configured / provided / indicated by the network 130, e.g., via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI, and (3) depending on the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator and / or their association with the first indicator, the second indicator, the third indicator and / or the fourth indicator as specified in the present disclosure.To configure / determine one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets as specified in the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state as specified in the present disclosure may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI state, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI state, or a separate DL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state. Throughout the present disclosure, if the radio link quality of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets (or equivalently, the radio link quality of one or more BFD RS sets) is worse than a threshold (e.g., Qout,LR), then (the higher layers of) the UE may declare a beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets (or equivalently, one or more BFD RS sets).

[0398] Figure 15 FIGURE 1 shows a flow chart of an example UE process 1500 for sending a BFR PUSCH MAC CE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the process 1500 may be performed by Figure 1 This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0399] The process begins at 1505, when higher layers of UE 116 declare a beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with a first TCI state in a set / pair of two indicated TCI states. At 1510, the value of the fourth indicator may be set to '00', i.e., the first indicated TCI state is used for the PUSCH MAC CE. If the value is set to '00', then at 1515, UE 116 transmits a PUSCH MAC CE based on either the first indicated TCI state or the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '00', then at 1520, the fourth indicator may be set to '01', i.e., the second indicated TCI state is used for the PUSCH MAC CE. If the value is set to '01', then at 1525, UE 116 transmits a PUSCH MAC CE based on the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '01', then at 1530, the value of the fourth indicator may be set to '10' or '11', i.e., the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state are used for the PUSCH MAC CE. If the value is set to '10' or '11', then at 1535, the UE 116 transmits a PUSCH MAC CE based on the first indicated TCI state or the second indicated TCI state or the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state. If the value is not set to '10' or '11', then at 1540, other rules / conditions are used to determine the spatial TX filter used for transmitting the PUSCH MAC CE.

[0400] In one embodiment, the UE may provide, in the PUSCH MAC CE, information related to the BFD RS / BFD RS set with a radio link quality worse than Qout,LR, the existence of one or more new beams, information related to the one or more new beams, etc. As specified in the present disclosure, the UE may determine a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting uplink signals / data on the PUSCH based on, for example, a fourth indicator for the PUSCH provided / configured / indicated to the UE 116 in a (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH transmission, and a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE, for example, as specified in the present disclosure. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set of two TCI states / TCI state pairs), the fourth indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', where '00' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with the fourth indicator). '01' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH resource based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with the fourth indicator). '10' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state and a second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with a fourth indicator). '11' indicates that the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state and a first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated with / configured with a fourth indicator). In the present disclosure, the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH may correspond to two PUSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency.

[0401] In one example, the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter used to transmit the PUSCH MAC CE based on a fourth indicator for the PUSCH MAC CE, e.g., provided / configured / indicated in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE to the UE 116. For N=2 (i.e., as per those sets / TCI state pairs indicating two TCI states specified in this disclosure), the fourth indicator may be a two-bit indicator.

[0402] For example, when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a first TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure - i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator.

[0403] For another example, when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in a second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure - i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator.

[0404] For another example, when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '10', the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate the spatial domain transmit filter used to send the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on the RS index in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or the first TCI state and the second TCI state in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure - that is, associated with / configured with the fourth indicator.

[0405] For another example, when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '11', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on the RS index in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or the second TCI state and the first TCI state in a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure - i.e., associated with / configured with the fourth indicator.

[0406] For sending the PUSCH MAC CE, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCIState, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0407] In another example, as specified in the present disclosure, higher layers of UE 116 may declare beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to one or more of the TCI states (sets) / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For this example, UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting PUCCH-LRR based on a fourth indicator for a PUSCH MAC CE, for example, provided / configured / indicated to UE 116 in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE, and the TCI states associated with the failed BFD RS / BFD RS set. For N=2 (i.e., those indicating two TCI state sets / TCI state pairs in accordance with the present disclosure), the fourth indicator may be a two-bit indicator.

[0408] For example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State:

[0409] In one example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0410] ■In another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0411] ■In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '10', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair.

[0412] ■In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '11', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair, and the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair.

[0413] In addition, when the higher layer of UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State, the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in an RS set in a second TCI state in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For example, the fourth indicator is associated with / configured with the fourth indicator, regardless of the value of the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) or when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', '01', '10' or '11', wherein the second TCI state can be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0414] For another example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, e.g., by a TCI code point, and when the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI-State:

[0415] In one example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0416] ■In another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a set of RSs in the first TCI state or the second TCI state or both the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0417] ■In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '10', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0418] ■In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '11', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, e.g., TCI code points, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair, and the first TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair.

[0419] In addition, when the higher layer of UE 116 declares a beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to the second TCI state in the (set of) TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCI State, the UE 116 can determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for sending the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on the RS index in the RS set in the first TCI state in the set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by the TCI code point in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For example, the fourth indicator is associated with / configured with the fourth indicator, regardless of the value of the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) or when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', '01', '10' or '11', wherein the first TCI state can be a joint DL and UL TCI state, a separate UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a DL TCI state and UL TCI state pair.

[0420] For another example, when higher layers of the UE 116 declare beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to a first TCI state and a second TCI state in a (set of) TCI states / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or a MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, and when the first TCI state or the second TCI state corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState or a separate DL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state and a UL TCI state pair provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState:

[0421] In one example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0422] In another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '01', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or both of a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator. For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI states and UL TCI states.

[0423] In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '10', the UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state or a set of RSs in the first TCI state and the second TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0424] In yet another example, when a fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for a PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '11', UE 116 may determine or spatially associate a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the corresponding PUSCH MAC CE based on an RS index in a first TCI state or a second TCI state, or a set of RSs in the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure (i.e., associated / configured with the fourth indicator). For this design example, the first TCI state or the second TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state, or a separate UL TCI state in a pair of DL TCI state and UL TCI state.

[0425] As specified in the present disclosure, higher layers of the UE 116 may declare beam failure for one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated with / corresponding to one or more of the TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated, for example, by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure. For this example, the UE 116 may determine a spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUSCH MAC CE based on an SRS resource indicator (SRI) configured / indicated / provided for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in a corresponding scheduling (uplink) DCI) according to one or more of the following:

[0426] For example, when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI scheduling the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to "11" or "None" (which indicates that no indicated TCI state can be used / applied for the PUSCH MAC CE), the UE 116 can determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUSCH MAC CE based on the SRI for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., provided / configured / indicated in the corresponding scheduling (uplink) DCI).

[0427] For another example, when both the first TCI state and the second TCI state in a TCI state set / TCI state pair indicated, e.g., by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, correspond to separate DL TCI states each provided by TCI-State / DLorJoint-TCIState, regardless of the value of the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE), or when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', '01', '10', or '11', the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUSCH MAC CE based on the SRI for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., provided / configured / indicated in the corresponding scheduling (uplink) DCI).

[0428] For another example, when the first TCI state or the second TCI state in a set / TCI state pair indicated, for example, by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure corresponds to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State or a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, and when the UE 116 declares beam failure of one or more BFD RSs in one or more BFD RS sets associated / corresponding to both the first indicated TCI state and the second indicated TCI state as specified in the present disclosure, regardless of the value of the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., for the PUSCH MAC CE). For example, in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) or when the fourth indicator provided / configured / indicated for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) is set to '00', '01', '10', or '11', the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filter for transmitting the PUSCH MAC CE according to the SRI for the PUSCH MAC CE (e.g., provided / configured / indicated in the corresponding scheduling (uplink) DCI).

[0429] In the present disclosure, the values ​​of the third indicator for PUCCH-LRR (e.g., configured / indicated / provided in the higher-layer parameter PUCCH-Config that configures the corresponding PUCCH resource for LRR) and the fourth indicator for the PUSCH MAC CE that carries information related to beams with radio link quality worse than a threshold (e.g., configured / indicated / provided in the (uplink) DCI that schedules the PUSCH MAC CE) may be the same (i.e., the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filters for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR and the PUSCH MAC CE based on the RSs in the RS sets in the same indicated TCI state) or different (i.e., the UE 116 may determine the spatial domain transmit filters for transmitting the PUCCH-LRR and the PUSCH MAC CE based on the RSs in the RS sets in different indicated TCI states).

[0430] This disclosure evaluates various design aspects related to transmitting beam failure recovery requests (BFRQs) and information related to beams with radio link quality worse than a threshold in a multi-TRP system, where beam / TRP selection is performed under a unified TCI framework.

[0431] As specified in Rel-17, the unified TCI framework may indicate / include N≥1 DL TCI states and / or M≥1 UL TCI states, where the indicated TCI state may be at least one of the following:

[0432] DL TCI state and / or its corresponding / associated TCI state ID

[0433] UL TCI status and / or its corresponding / associated TCI status ID

[0434] ● Joint DL and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0435] ● Separate DL TCI states and UL TCI states and / or their corresponding / associated TCI state IDs

[0436] There may be various design options / channels for indicating the beam (i.e., TCI state) used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH to the UE 116. As described in 3GPP Rel-17:

[0437] • In one example, a MAC CE may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0438] • In another example, DCI may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) to use for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0439] For example, a DL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 1_2) may be used to indicate to UE 116 a beam (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID) for transmission / reception of a PDCCH or PDSCH, where the DL-related DCI may or may not include a DL assignment.

[0440] For another example, UL-related DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 0_2) can be used to indicate to UE 116 the beam used for transmission / reception of PDCCH or PDSCH (i.e., TCI state and / or TCI state ID), where the UL-related DCI may or may not include UL scheduling grant.

[0441] As another example, a customized / dedicated DCI format may be used to indicate to the UE 116 the beam (ie, TCI state and / or TCI state ID) used for transmission / reception of the PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0442] Rel-17 introduced a unified TCI framework where a unified or primary TCI state is signaled to the UE. The unified or primary TCI state can be one of the following:

[0443] • In case of joint TCI state indication, where the same beam is used for DL ​​and UL channels, the joint TCI state may be used for at least UE-specific DL channels and UE-specific UL channels.

[0444] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the DL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated DL channel.

[0445] • In case of separate TCI state indication, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the UL TCI state may be used at least for the UE-dedicated UL channel.

[0446] The unified (primary or primary) TCI state is the TCI state for UE-dedicated reception on PDSCH / PDCCH or PUSCH based on dynamic grant / configuration grant and all dedicated PUCCH resources.

[0447] In a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be indicated / provided / configured by the network 130, a set of one or more (e.g., N>1) TCI states / TCI state pairs, for example, via a beam indication MAC CE or DCI (e.g., via one or more TCI code points of one or more TCI fields in corresponding DCI 1_1 / 1_2 with or without DL assignment), where under a unified TCI framework, the TCI state may be a joint DL and UL TCI state or a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, or a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI state, and a TCI state pair may include / contain a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State or a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-STATE / UL-TCI state.

[0448] For PDCCH reception or PDCCH candidate monitoring in a (single DCI-based) multi-TRP system, the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or dynamic DCI-based L1 signaling (e.g., in the higher-layer RRC signaling / parameter ControlResourceSet configuring the CORESET) a first indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / TCI state pair, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in the beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / TCI state pair of two TCI states), the first indicator may be a two-bit indicator having '00', where '00' indicates that the first TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among the set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by, for example, a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving / monitoring PDCCH / PDCCH candidates in the corresponding CORESET. '10' indicates that a first TCI state and a second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied, respectively, for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate, e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate, in a corresponding CORESET. '11' indicates that a second TCI state and a first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states may be used / applied (respectively) for receiving / monitoring a PDCCH / PDCCH candidate (e.g., a first PDCCH candidate and a second PDCCH candidate) in a corresponding CORESET, wherein the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate may be received in a search space set linked via a SearchSpaceLinking higher layer and / or the first PDCCH candidate and the second PDCCH candidate carry the same / same DCI payload.In addition, throughout this disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in this disclosure) may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a pair of a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state.

[0449] For PDSCH reception in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in a DL DCI (e.g., DCI format 1_0 / 1_1 / 1_2) scheduling the PDSCH) a second indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for receiving the PDSCH. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of two TCI states), the second indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that a first TCI state among a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for receiving the corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by a DL DCI / PDCCH). '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., scheduled by DL DCI / PDCCH). '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set / TCI state pair of TCI states indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for receiving a corresponding PDSCH (e.g., a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH), respectively, scheduled by, for example, DL DCI / PDCCH. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state, respectively, among a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, can be used / applied for receiving corresponding PDSCHs (e.g., a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH) scheduled, for example, by a DL DCI / PDCCH, where the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH can correspond to two PDSCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency. Furthermore, throughout the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in the present disclosure) can correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a pair of a separate DL TCI state and a separate UL TCI state.

[0450] For PUCCH transmission in a multi-TRP system (based on a single DCI), the UE may be configured / provided / indicated by the network 130 via higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters and / or MAC CE commands and / or L1 signaling based on dynamic DCI (e.g., in higher-layer RRC signaling / parameters PUCCH-Config that configure PUCCH / PUCCH resources) a third indicator to indicate which one or more of a set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure is used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. For example, for N=2 (i.e., indicating a set / pair of TCI states), the third indicator may be a two-bit indicator with '00', indicating that the first TCI state among the set / pair of TCI states, e.g., indicated by a TCI code point, in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure may be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '01' indicates that the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources. '10' indicates that the first TCI state and the second TCI state among a set of TCI states / TCI state pairs indicated by TCI code points in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure can be used / applied for transmitting PUCCH / PUCCH resources, e.g., first PUCCH / PUCCH resources and second PUCCH / PUCCH resources, respectively. '11' indicates that the second TCI state and the first TCI state among a set / TCI state pair indicated by a TCI code point in a beam indication DCI or MAC CE as specified in the present disclosure, or none of the indicated TCI states may be used / applied (respectively) for transmitting a PUCCH / PUCCH resource, such as a first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and a second PUCCH / PUCCH resource, wherein the first PUCCH / PUCCH resource and the second PUCCH / PUCCH resource may correspond to two PUCCH transmission opportunities or repetitions in space, time, and / or frequency. Furthermore, throughout the present disclosure, the first TCI state or the second TCI state (specified in the present disclosure) may correspond to a joint DL and UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate DL TCI state provided by TCI-State / DLorJointTCI-State, a separate UL TCI state provided by TCI-State / UL-TCI-State, or a separate DL TCI state and a sepa...

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), comprising: transceiver, configured as: transmitting a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the PUSCH including a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS set; receiving a response to the first beam failure recovery request; receiving first information for reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and receiving second information for reception of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); and a processor operatively coupled to the transceiver, the processor configured to: determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDCCH; as well as Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDSCH.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein The response corresponds to PDCCH reception having a downlink control information (DCI) format that (i) schedules PUSCH transmission with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number used to transmit the PUSCH and (ii) includes a toggled new data indicator (NDI) field value.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The first information is provided in the higher layer parameter ControlResourceSet configuring the reception of the PDCCH; When the first information is set to 'first', reception of the PDCCH is based on a first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; When the first information is set to 'second', reception of the PDCCH is based on a second TCI state; and When the first information is set to 'both', reception of the PDCCH is based on both the first TCI state and the second TCI state.

4. The UE according to claim 3, wherein: When the first information is set to “first” or “both”, the processor is further configured to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDCCH.

5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The second information is indicated in a downlink control information (DCI) format that schedules reception of the PDSCH; When the second information is set to '00', reception of the PDSCH is based on a first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; When the second information is set to '01', reception of the PDSCH is based on a second TCI state; and When the second information is set to '10', reception of the PDSCH is based on both the first TCI state and the second TCI state, and When the second information is set to '00' or '10', the processor is further configured to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDSCH.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: When an initial transmission of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is based on a first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state, the processor is further configured to apply a third spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to a subsequent transmission of the PUCCH; and When an initial transmission of the PUSCH is based on the first TCI state, the processor is further configured to apply a fourth spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to subsequent transmissions of the PUSCH.

7. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The transceiver is further configured to transmit, in the PUSCH, a second RS index for a second beam failure recovery request associated with a second BFD RS set; and The processor is also configured to: determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the second RS index to reception of the PDCCH; as well as Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to a second RS index to reception of the PDSCH.

8. A base station (BS), comprising: transceiver, configured as: receiving a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the PUSCH including a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS set; sending a response to the first beam failure recovery request; transmitting first information for reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and transmitting second information for reception of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); and a processor operatively coupled to the transceiver, the processor configured to: determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to transmission of the PDCCH; and Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to transmission of the PDSCH.

9. The BS according to claim 8, wherein: The response corresponds to a PDCCH transmission having a downlink control information (DCI) format that (i) schedules PUSCH reception with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number for receiving the PUSCH and (ii) includes a toggled new data indicator (NDI) field value.

10. The BS according to claim 8, wherein: The first information is provided in the higher layer parameter ControlResourceSet that configures the transmission of the PDCCH; When the first information is set to 'first', transmission of the PDCCH is based on a first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; When the first information is set to 'second', transmission of the PDCCH is based on a second TCI state; and When the first information is set to "both", transmission of the PDCCH is based on both the first TCI state and the second TCI state, and When the first information is set to “first” or “both”, the processor is further configured to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to transmission of the PDCCH.

11. The BS according to claim 8, wherein: The second information is indicated in a downlink control information (DCI) format that schedules transmission of the PDSCH; When the second information is set to '00', transmission of the PDSCH is based on the first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state; When the second information is set to '01', transmission of the PDSCH is based on the second TCI state; and When the second information is set to '10', transmission of the PDSCH is based on both the first TCI state and the second TCI state, and When the second information is set to "00" or "10", the processor is further configured to apply the second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to the transmission of the PDSCH.

12. The BS according to claim 8, wherein: When initial reception of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is based on a first transmission configuration indication (TCI) state, the processor is further configured to apply a third spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to subsequent reception of the PUCCH; and When initial reception of the PUSCH is based on the first TCI state, the processor is further configured to apply a fourth spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to subsequent reception of the PUSCH.

13. The BS according to claim 8, wherein: The transceiver is further configured to receive, in the PUSCH, a second RS index for a second beam failure recovery request associated with a second BFD RS set; and The processor is also configured to: determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to a second RS index to transmission of the PDCCH; and Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to a second RS index to transmission of the PDSCH.

14. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmitting a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the PUSCH including a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS set; receiving a response to the first beam failure recovery request; receiving first information for reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); receiving second information for reception of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDCCH; and Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to reception of the PDSCH.

15. A method performed by a base station (BS), the method comprising: receiving a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the PUSCH including a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS index for a first beam failure recovery request associated with a first beam failure detection (BFD) RS set; sending a response to the first beam failure recovery request; transmitting first information for reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); transmitting second information for reception of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); determining, based on the response and the first information, whether to apply a first spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to transmission of the PDCCH; as well as Based on the response and the second information, it is determined whether to apply a second spatial domain filter according to the first RS index to transmission of the PDSCH.

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