Peasant household participation type litchi seedling line and nutrition line variation seed selection method
Through the litchi plant and nutritional line variant selection methods involving farmers, combined with traits and molecular markers to assist identification, the problem of insufficient participation of farmers in traditional litchi breeding was solved, efficient seed selection and variety adaptability were achieved, shortening the breeding cycle and promoting the widespread application of new varieties.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510623398.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-29
AI Technical Summary
The lack of farmers' participation in traditional lychee breeding methods has led to the disconnection of breeding goals from actual needs, the breeding cycle is long, and the expression of new varieties inaccurate under farmers' planting conditions, making it difficult to meet the urgent market demand for excellent varieties.
Through the litchi plant and nutritional system variant selection methods that farmers have deeply participated in, combined with traits and molecular markers to assist in identification, the scope of seed selection is expanded, and a standardized breeding process and intellectual property sharing mechanism are established to achieve efficient seed selection and variety adaptability improvement.
Shorten the seed selection cycle to 2 to 3 years, improve seed selection efficiency, enhance variety adaptability, establish a benefit sharing mechanism, and promote the widespread application of new varieties and the enthusiasm of farmers.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree hybrid breeding and discloses a farmer-participated litchi seedling line and vegetative line variation selection method. Background Art
[0002] As a specialty fruit of my country's subtropical climate, lychee boasts a long cultivation history and rich germplasm resources. As consumers' expectations for fruit quality continue to rise, higher demands are being placed on lychee varieties in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. Traditional lychee breeding, primarily conducted by professional breeders in laboratories or experimental fields, presents challenges such as a disconnect between breeding goals and actual demand, long breeding cycles, and inability to meet the market's urgent demand for superior varieties. Furthermore, breeding results often fail to accurately express traits under farmers' growing conditions.
[0003] Currently, conventional litchi selection methods rely primarily on breeders selecting individuals with superior traits from germplasm nurseries for hybridization or bud mutation selection. While there have been some reports on seedling and vegetative line selection, these methods largely focus on technical operations in laboratories or experimental fields, lacking extensive participation from farmers and other actual producers. This leads to numerous challenges in the actual promotion of these selected varieties, such as low awareness and acceptance of new varieties among farmers and the need for further verification of their adaptability in the field.
[0004] Therefore, a litchi seed selection method is needed that can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and other stakeholders and is closer to actual production needs. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention provides a litchi seed selection method with deep farmer participation. By integrating seedling and vegetative line selection technologies, a standardized breeding process and an intellectual property sharing mechanism are established to achieve efficient seed selection, improved variety adaptability and win-win results for all parties.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] A farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method comprises the following steps:
[0008] S1: Select the mutant selection plant object;
[0009] S2: transforming research-based seed selection into participatory seed selection;
[0010] S3: Perform trait and molecular marker-assisted identification on the results of step S2;
[0011] Wherein, step S2 includes the following processing:
[0012] S21: Expand the scope of seed selection; combine litchi planting and litchi variety production and management into the scope of seed selection, and provide technical training to producers and managers;
[0013] S22: Recording the superior strains found during the production and management process; and preserving the litchi fruits after recording;
[0014] S23: Tracking and character identification of the original plants found in step S22;
[0015] S24: Perform variety testing on the superior strains identified in step S23.
[0016] Conventional breeding relies on the diversity of the germplasm gene pool at the breeder's disposal, as well as the application of Mendelian inheritance and quantitative genetics, both of which are still in their infancy in litchi breeding research.
[0017] Lychees originated in eastern Yunnan, where late-maturing varieties later evolved independently in Hainan, and very early and early-maturing varieties in Yunnan. Wild and semi-wild primitive forms of these lychees still exist scattered or in clusters in Hainan, Yunnan, and Sichuan. Since the 1950s, national lychee germplasm resource research has collected and preserved 652 lychee germplasm varieties. Among these germplasm varieties, the most diverse traits are ripening time (from March to August, covering very early, early, mid-season, late, and very late periods), fruit size (the smallest, 'Xinxing Xiangli,' weighs approximately 12g per fruit, while the largest, 'Edan Li,' can reach over 80g per fruit; other varieties range in weight from 18g to 50g), and fruit color (from all-green varieties like 'Fei Cui,' purple-black varieties like 'Huoshao Ben,' and others ranging from green-yellow, green-red, red-green, and red). Over the past thirty years, over 40 named lychee varieties have been bred nationwide. Among these varieties, except for a few (such as 'Xiantao Li', 'Ju Meiren', 'Zaofei', 'Shuangxi Li', etc.), almost all of them are selected through seedling or vegetative line mutation.
[0018] The development of superior plant phenotypes using existing genetic variation has a history stretching back thousands of years, dating back to the dawn of human civilization. Initially a spontaneous selection technique employed by farmers, it evolved into a science for plant breeders, rapidly developing and sparking the "Green Revolution." Advances in plant biotechnology, molecular markers, and omics have enabled plant breeders to develop techniques for identifying and modifying genetic variation, ultimately creating new varieties.
[0019] Modern lychee selection processes are primarily based on the assessment of biological, genetic, and genomic variation, particularly for specific fruit traits (e.g., distinctive aroma and flavor, fruit size, color, pit size and percentage of pit burn, flesh texture, peel thickness, and firmness). Selection success depends on genetic variation, selection intensity, and timing (e.g., fruit maturity and marketability, flowering and fruit set, especially in off-year years). Growers, buyers, and consumers are often sensitive to changes in lychee fruit characteristics based on their own experience and comparisons with existing varieties.
[0020] Variation in litchi can result from hybridization (artificial or open pollination, i.e., seedling variation) or bud mutation (vegetative variation). Variation in ripening time is most likely due to hybridization between varieties with different ripening times, while varieties like 'Fei Zi Xiao' may result from SNP deletion during evolution. In fact, existing very early-maturing and very late-maturing litchi varieties, as well as recent hybridizations, are all large-core varieties, while almost all scorched-core varieties are the result of selective breeding. This suggests that scorched-core is likely a trait that emerged during litchi evolution and became fixed through human selection. These variations arise from natural bud mutation and are heritable.
[0021] Therefore, by expanding the scope of sites or scenarios for traditional lychee breeding, linking breeding with the actual links involved in breeding, and through scientific verification, we can break away from the traditional breeding model, which is conducive to the discovery and promotion of excellent varieties and new varieties that meet market requirements.
[0022] Preferably, the seed selection target in step S1 includes the following ranges:
[0023] (1) Variations that mature more than 7 days earlier than early-maturing varieties;
[0024] (2) pyrokeratin variation in early-maturing varieties;
[0025] (3) Variation in storage stability between mid-ripening and late-ripening char kernels;
[0026] (4) Mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties are prone to variation in flowering and fruit setting.
[0027] Preferably, the early-maturing varieties include 'Bai Tang Peng', 'Bai La' or 'Hei Ye'.
[0028] Preferably, the production and operation targets of the litchi varieties in step S21 include litchi ancient tree growers, buyers and sellers or large-scale growers.
[0029] Preferably, in step S23, the information for tracking and character identification of the original plants found in step S22 includes: single fruit weight, burnt kernel rate or TSS content, and the age and tree vigor of the mother tree are recorded to screen the qualified strains.
[0030] Preferably, step S24 conducts variety testing on the excellent strains identified in step S23, including selecting control varieties with similar traits for variety comparison tests, cultivating test materials by asexual reproduction, and testing the stability of traits after multiple generations of reproduction; regional tests set up test points in different ecological regions according to variety characteristics and promotion areas; production tests are carried out in the main production areas or areas to be promoted, and are carried out in combination with regional tests.
[0031] Preferably, after the new variety is cultivated according to the method and the successful mutant strain is obtained, the profits are shared and distributed in conjunction with the production and management of the litchi variety.
[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0033] 1. The method provided by this invention enables efficient seed selection: Extensive farmer participation increases the probability of variant discovery. Through systematic trait identification and molecular marker-assisted identification, it is possible to more accurately evaluate and screen litchi strains with superior traits, improving seed selection efficiency. This reduces the traditional breeding cycle from over 10 years to 2-3 years.
[0034] 2. Enhanced variety adaptability: The present invention conducts regional trials to ensure that new varieties match different ecological conditions.
[0035] 3. The present invention provides a profit-sharing mechanism: the agreement clearly defines the distribution of benefits and incentivizes farmers to protect resources.
[0036] 4. Standardize technology according to standard procedures: provide full-process operating specifications from goal setting to promotion.
[0037] 5. Low Cost, High Return: Utilizing ancient tree resources reduces collection costs, and the promotion of new varieties yields significant returns. Furthermore, this method establishes a rational mechanism for intellectual property sharing and new variety promotion, which helps protect the rights and interests of participants and promotes the widespread use of new varieties.
[0038] Specific embodiment
[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention and comparative examples. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the implementation examples of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; the materials and reagents used are commercially available reagents and materials unless otherwise specified.
[0041] The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method of the present invention is as follows:
[0042] 1. Formulate mutation selection goals and plans
[0043] Determine the selection objectives based on market and farmer needs. The main specific mutation selection objectives include: (1) mutations that mature more than 7 days earlier than early-maturing high-quality varieties (such as 'Bai Tang Peng' and 'San Yue Hong'); (2) mutations of burnt kernels in high-quality, early-maturing varieties (such as 'Bai Tang Peng', 'Bai La' and 'Hei Ye'); (3) mutations of burnt kernels in mid-maturing and late-maturing varieties with high quality and good storage; (4) mutations in mid-maturing and late-maturing varieties that are easy to flower and set fruit, etc.
[0044] 2. Participatory seed selection method
[0045] Key targets: litchi ancient tree growers, buyers and sellers, and large-scale growers.
[0046] Determine the participants and provide training on the program: select key areas and key targets, such as ancient lychee tree planting areas, specific variety planting areas, characteristic villages, etc., and provide technical training for the participants.
[0047] Public application and fruit sample submission: Farmers are encouraged to apply for the discovery of superior strains, submit fruit samples, and conduct a preliminary evaluation of the fruit traits, recording their strengths and characteristics. The following points should be noted: (1) If possible, the fruit should be packaged and stored in a cold storage or refrigerator before submission. (2) Conduct a preliminary evaluation of the fruit traits of the proposed strains, record their main strengths and characteristics, and determine the next steps.
[0048] Tracking and characterization of original plants: Comprehensively track the original plants of the declared varieties, recording relevant information such as single fruit weight, burnt kernel rate, and TSS content. The age and vigor of the mother trees are also recorded to select plants that meet the standards. Intellectual property protection and application agreements are signed to clarify profit distribution.
[0049] Variety testing procedures: Variety comparison trials, regional trials, and production trials are conducted on distinctive strains. Variety comparison trials select control varieties with similar traits, cultivate test materials through asexual propagation, and test trait stability after multiple generations. Regional trials set up test sites in different ecological regions based on variety characteristics and promotion areas. Production trials are conducted in major production areas or areas intended for promotion, and are conducted in conjunction with regional trials.
[0050] 3. Trait identification and molecular marker-assisted identification methods
[0051] Character identification: Comprehensive character identification of the selected litchi strains, including botanical characteristics, growth and fruiting habits, fruit quality, etc.
[0052] Molecular marker-assisted identification: Molecular marker technology is used to conduct genetic diversity analysis and specific molecular marker identification of selected litchi lines.
[0053] 4. Intellectual property sharing and new variety promotion mechanism
[0054] Establish a reasonable intellectual property rights sharing mechanism and clarify the rights and obligations of all parties. After the successful selection and breeding of new varieties, complete the testing, apply for new plant variety rights, and promote them through cooperatives or enterprises on a large scale, distribute profits according to the agreement, display and demonstrate the varieties, and provide technical training.
[0055] Following the above process, the resulting cases are shown in Cases 1 to 3 below.
[0056] Case 1: Efficient seed selection results
[0057] From 2022 to 2023, nearly 20 people in Gaozhou City reported a total of 11 excellent lychee strains, including one early-ripening March Red, four early-ripening White Sugar Poppies, two special ornamental lychees (Jinfeng and Hexiachuan), two high-quality lychee strains (Rose-leaf Fragrant Lychee and Jianjiang Red Glutinous Rice), one scorched-core White Sugar Poppy strain (Zhujia Green), and one yellow-skinned lychee strain.
[0058] Case 2: Protection and Development of the Ancient Tree 'Rose-fragrant Lychee'
[0059] A 400-year-old "Fragrant Lychee" (Rose Fragrant Lychee) tree in Xindong Town declined due to building construction. Farmers in Gaozhou City applied for this strain's excellent taste and storage stability. A research team verified the characteristics of this bud mutation, rejuvenated it through fertilization, and grafted 350 plants. A bud collection plot was established, and another 350 plants were grafted. DUS testing and molecular markers were used to verify the specificity of the buds. Simultaneous trials in different regions verified the buds' tolerance to poor soils. A new variety registration was filed in 2024, tying the protection of the ancient trees to farmers' profits.
[0060] Case 3: Breeding of early-maturing scorched-core strains
[0061] Farmers in Gaozhou City have reported an early-maturing sugar poppy bud mutation (Zhujia Green). This variety features short fruit stems, grape-like clusters, and a high prevalence of twins. The fruits are nearly spherical and range from pink-green to green-red and light red, with similar sweetness levels. They are medium-sized, weighing 21.5g each, have small kernels, and an 86.7% kernel burn rate. They have a sweet flavor, a TSS of 16.7%, and mature seven days earlier. The research team reviewed the characteristics of this bud mutation, signed an agreement, and collected scions. From May to November 2024, 20 plants will be grafted at the Huakeng Village base in Caojiang Town, Gaozhou City, with three expected to flower in the spring of 2025.
[0062] The physicochemical indicators in the above embodiments are only some embodiments, but it cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these examples and these application tests. Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples made to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Select the mutant selection plant object; S2: transforming research-based seed selection into participatory seed selection; S3: Perform trait and molecular marker-assisted identification on the results of step S2; Wherein, step S2 includes the following processing: S21: Expand the scope of seed selection; combine litchi planting and litchi variety production and management into the scope of seed selection, and provide technical training to producers and managers; S22: Recording the superior strains found during the production and management process; and preserving the litchi fruits after recording; S23: Tracking and character identification of the original plants found in step S22; S24: Perform variety testing on the superior strains identified in step S23.
2. The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 1, wherein: The seed selection targets in step S1 include the following ranges: (1) Variations that mature more than 7 days earlier than early-maturing varieties; (2) pyrokeratin variation in early-maturing varieties; (3) Variation in storage stability between mid-ripening and late-ripening char kernels; (4) Mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties are prone to variation in flowering and fruit setting.
3. The farmer-participated litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Early maturing varieties include 'Bai Tang Peng', 'Bai La' or 'Hei Ye'.
4. The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 1, wherein: The production and operation targets of the litchi varieties in step S21 include litchi ancient tree growers, buyers and sellers or large-scale growers.
5. The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S23, the original plants found in step S22 are tracked and the characteristics of the plants are identified, including single fruit weight, burnt kernel rate or TSS content, and the age and vigor of the mother tree are recorded to screen the qualified strains.
6. The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S24 conducts variety testing on the superior strains identified in step S23, including selecting control varieties with similar traits for variety comparison tests, cultivating test materials by asexual reproduction, and testing the stability of traits after multiple generations of reproduction; setting test points in different ecological regions according to variety characteristics and promotion areas in combination with regional tests; and conducting production tests in the main production areas or areas to be promoted, in combination with regional tests.
7. The farmer-participatory litchi seedling and vegetative line variation selection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the new variety is cultivated according to the method and the successful mutant strain is obtained, the profits are shared and distributed in conjunction with the production and management of the litchi variety.