A two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector and detection system

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector and a detection system. The resistive plate gas chamber detector comprises a resistive plate gas chamber composed of two graphite electrode glasses, a bottom plate and a position readout plate. The position readout plate is arranged on the bottom plate, and a plurality of first electrodes are arranged on the side close to the bottom plate, and a plurality of second electrodes are arranged on the side away from the bottom plate. The projection of the first electrode on the bottom plate is in the shape of a string or a rectangle, wherein the sensitive area of the first electrode is greatly reduced compared with the part of the sensitive area of the first electrode which is shielded by the second electrode when the projection of the first electrode is in the shape of a string. The projection of the second electrode is in the shape of a rectangle. The first electrode is used for sensing the coordinate information of the incident particle in the first direction, and the second electrode is used for sensing the coordinate information of the incident particle in the second direction. The first electrode is arranged along the first direction of the detector, and the second electrode is arranged along the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that the two-dimensional position of the incident particle can be read out.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of radiation detection, in particular to a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate chamber detector and a detection system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The resistive plate chamber detector (RPC) is a kind of gas detector, which has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. Since the 1980s, the RPC detector has been widely used in the research of nuclear physics and high-energy physics.

[0003] The structure of the RPC detector usually includes a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) insulating film, resistive electrode plates (filled with working gas between the resistive electrode plates), a semi-conductive film, a position readout plate, etc. The basic working principle is as follows: taking gas as the detection medium, when the charged particles incident pass through the gas, they collide with the gas molecules to produce primary ionization, and the ionization produces electron-ion pairs. After a potential difference is applied between the two resistive electrode plates, the electrons and ions move directionally under the action of the electric field. The electrons are avalanche amplified under high field strength to produce more electron-ion pairs, which drift to the inner walls of the two resistive electrode plates, respectively. The resistive electrode plates are provided with insulating position readout plates on the outer side. The charge is sensed by the strip-shaped readout electrode strips of the position readout plates to obtain the position information of the incident particles. However, in the common RPC detector, only one-dimensional position of the incident particles can be obtained through the strip-shaped readout electrode strips. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate chamber detector and a detection system to realize the acquisition of the two-dimensional position of the incident particles. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate chamber detector, which comprises a bottom plate and a position readout plate; the position readout plate is arranged on the bottom plate.

[0006] A plurality of first electrodes are arranged on one side of the position readout plate close to the bottom plate, and a plurality of second electrodes are arranged on the other side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate; the orthographic projection of the first electrode on the bottom plate is in the shape of a string or a rectangle, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode on the bottom plate is in the shape of a rectangle; the first electrodes are arranged along a first direction of the detector, and the second electrodes are arranged along a second direction of the detector, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0007] The first electrode is used to sense a first directional coordinate of the incident particle in the detector, and the second electrode is used to sense a second directional coordinate of the incident particle.

[0008] In a possible implementation, when a projection of the first electrode on the bottom plate is in a shape of a "string", the first electrode comprises a plurality of rectangular electrode portions and a connecting line portion, the connecting line portion has an overlapping portion with a projection of the second electrode on the bottom plate, and the rectangular electrode portions have no overlapping portion with the projection of the second electrode on the bottom plate.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the first area is greater than the second area, where the first area is an area of a projection of the first electrode on the bottom plate, and the second area is an area of a projection of the second electrode on the bottom plate.

[0010] In a possible implementation, a first interval distance between any two adjacent first electrodes is equal, and a second interval distance between any two adjacent second electrodes is equal.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the detector further comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a resistive structure.

[0012] The first insulating layer is arranged on a side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate, the resistive structure is arranged on a side of the first insulating layer away from the bottom plate, and the second insulating layer is arranged on a side of the resistive structure away from the bottom plate.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the resistive structure comprises a first graphite electrode glass, a second graphite electrode glass, and a plurality of support members.

[0014] In a thickness direction of the detector, the first graphite electrode glass and the second graphite electrode glass are arranged at intervals, at least two support members are arranged between the first graphite electrode glass and the second graphite electrode glass at four corners, the first graphite electrode glass is arranged on a side of the first insulating layer away from the bottom plate, and the second insulating layer is arranged on a side of the second graphite electrode glass away from the bottom plate.

[0015] A graphite electrode is arranged on a side of the first graphite electrode glass close to the first insulating layer, and a graphite electrode is arranged on a side of the second graphite electrode glass away from the first insulating layer.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the graphite electrode of the first graphite electrode glass is connected to a copper electrode, and the graphite electrode of the second graphite electrode glass is connected to a high-voltage line through a copper electrode.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the detector further comprises a time readout plate or a one-dimensional position strip readout detector or a two-dimensional position detector; the time readout plate or the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector is arranged on the second insulating layer, away from the bottom plate;

[0018] A surface electrode is arranged on the side of the time readout plate or the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector, away from the second insulating layer.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the detector further comprises a cover plate structure and a frame structure.

[0020] The frame structure comprises a groove and a ring-shaped ring, and the ring-shaped ring is arranged in the groove.

[0021] The cover plate structure is arranged on the top of the frame structure, the bottom plate is arranged on the bottom of the frame structure, and a cavity is formed between the cover plate structure and the bottom plate; the position readout plate, the first insulating layer, the resistive structure, the second insulating layer, and the time readout plate or the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector are arranged in the cavity.

[0022] In the first direction of the detector, the frame structure is provided with an air inlet / outlet penetrating through the frame structure; in the second direction of the detector, the frame structure is provided with an air outlet / inlet penetrating through the frame structure.

[0023] In the first direction of the detector, the frame structure is provided with a first airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure; in the second direction of the detector, the frame structure is provided with a second airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure.

[0024] The first airtight signal interface and the second airtight signal interface are used to transmit the readout signal of the position readout plate.

[0025] In the first direction / second direction of the detector, the frame structure is provided with a third airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure.

[0026] The third airtight signal interface is used to transmit the readout signal of the time readout plate or the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector.

[0027] In a possible implementation, a plurality of first delay blocks and a plurality of second delay blocks are arranged on the side of the position readout plate, away from the bottom plate; the first delay blocks are connected to the first electrodes one by one, and the second delay blocks are connected to the second electrodes one by one.

[0028] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a detection system, which comprises a plurality of the detector of any one of the first aspect.

[0029] The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The embodiments of the present application provide a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector and a detection system. The resistive plate gas chamber detector comprises a bottom plate and a position readout plate. The position readout plate is arranged on the bottom plate. A side of the position readout plate close to the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of first electrodes, and a side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of second electrodes. A normal projection of the first electrode on the bottom plate is in the shape of a string or a rectangle, and a normal projection of the second electrode on the bottom plate is in the shape of a rectangle. The first electrodes are arranged along a first direction of the detector, and the second electrodes are arranged along a second direction of the detector. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The first electrodes are used to sense a first direction coordinate of an incident particle in the detector, and the second electrodes are used to sense a second direction coordinate of the incident particle. By arranging a plurality of first electrodes (used to sense the first direction coordinate of the incident particle) along the first direction on the side of the position readout plate close to the bottom plate and a plurality of second electrodes (used to sense the second direction coordinate of the incident particle) along the second direction on the side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate, and by making the first direction perpendicular to the second direction, the two-dimensional position of the incident particle is obtained.

[0031] Of course, implementing any product or method of the present application does not necessarily require all the advantages described above to be achieved at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other embodiments can also be obtained by those skilled in the art according to these drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 The first structure diagram of the resistive plate gas chamber detector provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 The first top view diagram of the position readout plate of the resistive plate gas chamber detector provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 The second top view diagram of the position readout plate of the resistive plate gas chamber detector provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 The second structure diagram of the resistive plate gas chamber detector provided by the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] A resistive plate chamber (RPC) is a kind of gas detector, which has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. Since the 1980s, the RPC detector has been widely used in the research of nuclear physics and high-energy physics.

[0039] The structure of the RPC detector usually includes a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) insulating film, a resistive electrode plate (the working gas is filled between the resistive electrode plates), a semi-conductive film, a position readout plate, etc. The basic working principle is as follows: taking gas as the detection medium, when the charged particles incident pass through the gas, they collide with the gas molecules to produce primary ionization, and the ionization produces electron-ion pairs. After a potential difference is applied between the two resistive electrode plates, the electrons and ions move directionally under the action of the electric field. The electrons are amplified by avalanche under high field strength to produce more electron-ion pairs, which drift to the inner walls of the two resistive electrode plates, respectively. The position readout plate is arranged on the outer side of the resistive electrode plate and is insulated. The position information of the incident particles is obtained by sensing the charges through the strip-shaped readout electrodes of the position readout plate. However, the strip-shaped readout electrodes in the common RPC detector are one-dimensional strip-shaped readout electrodes. Therefore, only one-dimensional position of the incident particles can be obtained through the strip-shaped readout electrodes, for example, a plurality of strip-shaped readout electrodes are arranged on one side of the position readout plate along the row direction, and the position of the incident particles passing through the row direction is determined by sensing the charges through the strip-shaped readout electrodes.

[0040] In order to solve the above problems, in the related art, the strip-shaped readout electrodes are arranged on both sides of the position readout plate, that is, the strip-shaped readout electrodes on one side are arranged along the row direction, and the strip-shaped readout electrodes on the other side are arranged along the column direction (the row direction and the column direction are perpendicular to each other), so as to realize the acquisition of the two-dimensional position of the incident particles. However, the intersection area of the strip-shaped readout electrodes on both sides will form a local electromagnetic shield, causing shielding interference problem, resulting in weakening of signal strength, and the intersection point of the strip-shaped readout electrodes on both sides will form an equivalent capacitance, causing signal crosstalk problem.

[0041] To improve at least one of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector and a detection system. Next, the two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector provided by the embodiments of the present application is described in detail, which can be seen from Figure 1 , the detector comprises a bottom plate 1 and a position readout plate 2; the position readout plate 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1;

[0042] It can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that a plurality of first electrodes 21 are arranged on one side of the position readout plate 2 close to the bottom plate 1, and a plurality of second electrodes 22 are arranged on the other side of the position readout plate 2 away from the bottom plate 1; the orthographic projection of the first electrode 21 on the bottom plate 1 is in the shape of a “string” or a “rectangle”, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1 is in the shape of a “rectangle”; the first electrodes 21 are arranged along a first direction of the detector, and the second electrodes 22 are arranged along a second direction of the detector, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction;

[0043] The first electrodes 21 are used to sense the first direction coordinate of the incident particle in the detector, and the second electrodes 22 are used to sense the second direction coordinate of the incident particle.

[0044] In the thickness direction of the detector, the thickness (i.e. the distance between the first electrodes 21 and the second electrodes 22) of the position readout plate 2 ranges from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm. In one example, the thickness of the position readout plate 2 can be 0.4 mm.

[0045] The position readout plate 2 can be fixed by being directly welded on the bottom plate 1.

[0046] The orthographic projection of the first electrode 21 on the bottom plate 1 is in the shape of a “string” or a “rectangle”; when it is in the shape of a “rectangle”, as shown in Figure 3 , the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 overlap in orthographic projection, and the sensitive area (the sensitive area refers to the physical area that can effectively respond to the incident particle and output position information) of the first electrode 21 is blocked by the second electrode 22.

[0047] When it is in the shape of a “string”, as shown in Figure 2 , the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 do not overlap in orthographic projection, and the part of the sensitive area of the first electrode 21 blocked by the second electrode 22 is greatly reduced compared to when it is in the shape of a “rectangle”, which weakens the shielding interference problem and the signal crosstalk problem while obtaining the two-dimensional position of the incident particle.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the first direction is a row direction, and the second direction is a column direction; in a possible implementation, the first direction is a column direction, and the second direction is a row direction. It can be understood that, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 are illustrated with the first direction being a row direction and the second direction being a column direction, the first electrode 21 is arranged along the row direction of the detector, and the second electrode 22 is arranged along the column direction of the detector.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first electrodes 21 arranged along the first direction (for sensing the first direction coordinate of the incident particle) are arranged on one side of the position readout plate 2 close to the bottom plate 1, and a plurality of second electrodes 22 arranged along the second direction (for sensing the second direction coordinate of the incident particle) are arranged on the other side of the position readout plate 2 away from the bottom plate 1, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the two-dimensional position of the incident particle is obtained.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the first electrode has a “string” shape in the orthographic projection on the bottom plate, as shown in Figure 2 , the first electrode 21 includes a plurality of rectangular electrode portions 211 and a connecting line portion 212, the connecting line portion 212 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1 have an overlapping portion, and the rectangular electrode portion 211 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1 have no overlapping portion.

[0051] Referring to Figure 2 , the orthographic projection of the first electrode 21 on the bottom plate 1 has a “string” shape, the rectangular electrode portion 211 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1 have no overlapping portion, that is, the sensitive area of the first electrode 21 is greatly reduced compared with the “rectangular” shape, the shielding interference problem is weakened, and the signal crosstalk problem is weakened while obtaining the two-dimensional position of the incident particle.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the orthographic projection of the first electrode 21 on the bottom plate 1 has a “string” shape, that is, the rectangular electrode portion 211 of the first electrode 21 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1 have no overlapping portion, the shielding interference problem is weakened, the signal strength is enhanced, and the signal crosstalk problem is weakened while obtaining the two-dimensional position of the incident particle.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the first area is greater than the second area; the first area is the orthographic projection area of the first electrode 21 on the bottom plate 1, and the second area is the orthographic projection area of the second electrode 22 on the bottom plate 1.

[0054] After the incident particles induce avalanche discharge among the resistive structure 4, the charges need to penetrate the resistive electrode plate of the resistive structure 4 to be induced to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. Since the first electrode 21 is farther away from the resistive structure 4 of the detector than the second electrode 22, the first electrode 21 is arranged to have a larger normal projection area on the bottom plate 1 than the second electrode 22, so that the induced signal amplitudes of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are similar, the detection efficiencies are similar, and the detection efficiency of the detector is improved.

[0055] The specific settings of the first area and the second area can be made according to the actual situation of the detector. In one example, in the case where the first direction is the row direction and the second direction is the column direction, the width of the rectangular electrode part 211 of the first electrode 21 is 2.12 mm, the length is 3.07 mm, the width of the second electrode 22 is 1.27 mm, the interval distance between any two adjacent first electrodes 21 is 3.46 mm, the interval distance between any two adjacent second electrodes 22 is 3.46 mm, and the ratio of the second area to the first area is 0.67. Among them, the width corresponds to the size in the row direction of the detector, and the length corresponds to the size in the column direction of the detector.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the first electrode 21 to have a larger normal projection area on the bottom plate 1 than the second electrode 22, the sensitive area of the first electrode 21 is expanded, so that the induced signal amplitudes of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are similar, the detection efficiencies are similar, and the detection efficiency of the detector is improved.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the first interval distance between any two adjacent first electrodes 21 is equal, and the second interval distance between any two adjacent second electrodes 22 is equal.

[0058] The first interval distance can be equal to the second interval distance, or the first interval distance can not be equal to the second interval distance. In one example, the first interval distance is equal to the second interval distance, the first interval distance between any two adjacent first electrodes 21 is 3.46 mm, and the second interval distance between any two adjacent second electrodes 22 is 3.46 mm.

[0059] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 1 , the detector further comprises a first insulating layer 3, a second insulating layer 5, and a resistive structure 4.

[0060] The first insulating layer 3 is arranged on the position readout plate 2 away from the bottom plate 1, the resistive structure 4 is arranged on the first insulating layer 3 away from the bottom plate 1, and the second insulating layer 5 is arranged on the resistive structure 4 away from the bottom plate 1.

[0061] The first insulating layer 3 and the second insulating layer 5 can be PET insulating films, which are used to isolate the resistive electrode plate and the electrode of the resistive structure 4 by the high insulation of the insulating layer itself, and only allow the signal to be transmitted by electric field induction (not direct conduction).

[0062] The bulk resistivity of the resistive electrode plate can be 10^10 Ω·CM (Ohm·centimeter) - 10^12 Ω·CM, and the surface resistivity of the electrode coated on the resistive electrode plate can be 10^5 Ω - 10^9 Ω of the semiconductive film. The resistive electrode plate can be glass or phenolic resin plate, and the electrode can be graphite or other conductive film. In one possible implementation, the resistive electrode plate is float glass with a bulk resistivity of 10^12 Ω·CM, and the electrode is a graphite coating with a surface resistivity of 10^7 Ω coated on the resistive electrode plate. The graphite glass has high stability, the graphite coating has good conductivity and is not easy to fall off, and can increase the service life of the resistive plate gas chamber detector.

[0063] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 1 , the resistive structure 4 includes a first graphite electrode glass 431, a second graphite electrode glass 432, and a plurality of support members 44.

[0064] In the thickness direction of the detector, the first graphite electrode glass 431 and the second graphite electrode glass 432 are arranged at intervals, and at least one support member 44 is arranged at each of the four corners between the first graphite electrode glass 431 and the second graphite electrode glass 432. The first graphite electrode glass 431 is arranged on the first insulating layer 3 away from the bottom plate 1, and the second insulating layer 5 is arranged on the second graphite electrode glass 432 away from the bottom plate 1.

[0065] A first graphite electrode 41 is arranged on the side of the first graphite electrode glass 431 close to the first insulating layer 3, and a second graphite electrode 42 is arranged on the side of the second graphite electrode glass 432 away from the first insulating layer 3.

[0066] The resistive structure 4 can be a multi-layer resistive electrode plate structure, that is, a plurality of resistive plate gas chambers are stacked and supported by support members. At least two support members made of insulating material are arranged between any two adjacent graphite electrode glasses, and the support members are arranged at intervals, so as to form air gaps (working gas gaps) between the adjacent graphite electrode glasses. All air gaps are in communication with the gas inlet and the gas outlet through the sealed cavity (cavity) of the detector to ensure the flow of working gas.

[0067] The first graphite electrode glass 431 and the second graphite electrode glass 432 form a resistive plate gas chamber. In one embodiment of the present application, the first graphite electrode 41 of the first graphite electrode glass 431 can be connected to a copper electrode as an anode, and the second graphite electrode 42 of the second graphite electrode glass 432 can be connected to a copper electrode as a cathode, so as to form an electric field through the gas gap. The copper electrode can be fixed on the graphite electrode glass by a graphite tape.

[0068] Figure 1 In the case where the resistive structure 4 includes two graphite electrode glasses, in some other embodiments of the present application, the resistive structure 4 includes more than two graphite electrode glasses. In the thickness direction of the detector, every two graphite electrode glasses from top to bottom or from bottom to top can form a resistive plate gas chamber. The graphite electrode of the graphite electrode glass closest to the bottom plate 1 is connected to a copper electrode, the graphite electrode of the graphite electrode glass farthest from the bottom plate 1 is connected to a copper electrode connected to a negative high voltage line, and the graphite electrodes of the remaining graphite electrode glasses are respectively connected to a copper electrode connected to a voltage. The voltage connected to the copper electrode makes the voltage difference between any two adjacent graphite electrode glasses the same, so as to form a uniform electric field.

[0069] In addition to the graphite electrode glasses closest to and farthest from the bottom plate 1, the graphite electrodes are arranged on both sides of the graphite electrode glasses in the middle part. These graphite electrodes make each graphite electrode glass in the middle an independent electrode unit in a floating ground potential. When the incident particles pass through the gas gap, the avalanche or streamer discharge generated by the incident particles will be limited in a local range and quickly quenched by the high bulk resistivity of the graphite electrode glass in the middle.

[0070] In one example, the thickness of the graphite electrode glass in the thickness direction of the detector can be 2.7 mm.

[0071] All the first electrodes 21 and all the second electrodes 22 together form a sensitive area of the detector. The area of the sensitive area is the sensitive area of the detector, and the area of the graphite electrode is greater than the sensitive area of the detector.

[0072] In one example, the sheet resistance of the graphite electrode can be 10 7 Ω (ohm). The sheet resistance refers to the resistance characteristic per unit area of the graphite electrode in a thin film form.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the support 44 is a gasket made of an insulating material.

[0074] The thickness of the support member 44 in the detector's thickness direction ranges from 0.3 mm to 5 mm. In one example, the thickness of the support member 44 can be 2 mm. It should be noted that the thickness of each part of a single support member 44 must be as uniform as possible, and the thickness of multiple support members 44 must be as consistent as possible. The thickness error of the support member 44 should not exceed 2% to ensure the normal operation of the RPC.

[0075] The projection area of ​​the support member 44 on the bottom plate 1 is 1mm 2 (square millimeters) to 25mm 2 In one example, the projection area of ​​the support member 44 on the bottom plate 1 can be 9mm 2 .

[0076] The support member 44 can be bonded to the graphite electrode glass by using insulating adhesive.

[0077] In one possible implementation, see Figure 1 , the detector further includes a time readout plate 6 or a one-dimensional position bar readout detector or a two-dimensional position detector; the time readout plate 6 or the one-dimensional position bar readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector is arranged on the side of the second insulating layer 5 away from the bottom plate 1;

[0078] A surface electrode 61 is provided on the side of the time readout plate 6 or the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector away from the second insulating layer 5 .

[0079] The detector further includes a time readout plate 6 or a one-dimensional position strip readout detector or a two-dimensional position detector. In one example, the detector further includes a time readout plate 6, and the projection area of ​​the positive projection of the surface electrode 61 on the bottom plate 1 is equal to the sensitive area of ​​the detector.

[0080] The surface electrode 61 of the time readout plate 6 outputs a time signal by induction and is designed as a surface electrode to minimize signal transmission delay and achieve high-precision time measurement.

[0081] The time readout plate 6 can be replaced by a one-dimensional position strip readout detector or a two-dimensional position detector, which will not be described in detail in the embodiment of the present application.

[0082] In a possible implementation, the surface electrode 61 is copper foil.

[0083] In one possible implementation, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the detector further includes a cover structure 7 and a frame structure 72;

[0084] The frame structure 72 includes a groove and an annular ring, and the annular ring is located in the groove;

[0085] The cover plate structure 7 is located on top of the frame structure 72, and the bottom plate 1 is located on the bottom of the frame structure 72, forming a cavity between the cover plate structure 7 and the bottom plate 1, and the position readout plate 2, the first insulating layer 3, the resistive structure 4, the second insulating layer 5, and the time readout plate 6 are located in the cavity.

[0086] In the first direction of the detector, the frame structure 72 is provided with an air inlet 8 / air outlet 9 penetrating the frame structure 72, and in the second direction of the detector, the frame structure 72 is provided with an air outlet 9 / air inlet 8 penetrating the frame structure 72.

[0087] In the first direction of the detector, the frame structure 72 is provided with a first airtight signal interface 10 penetrating the frame structure 72, and in the second direction of the detector, the frame structure 72 is provided with a second airtight signal interface 11 penetrating the frame structure 72.

[0088] The first airtight signal interface 10 and the second airtight signal interface 11 are used to transmit the readout signal of the position readout plate 2; the readout signal of the position readout plate 2 is a signal representing the two-dimensional position information of the incident particle, i.e., the first direction coordinate and the second direction coordinate of the incident particle.

[0089] In the first direction / second direction of the detector, the frame structure 72 is provided with a third airtight signal interface 12 penetrating the frame structure 72.

[0090] The third airtight signal interface 12 is used to transmit the readout signal of the time readout plate 6.

[0091] Among them, the signal representing the first direction coordinate of the incident particle is output to the outside of the detector through the first airtight signal interface 10, the signal representing the second direction coordinate of the incident particle is output to the outside of the detector through the second airtight signal interface 11, and the readout signal of the time readout plate 6 is output to the third airtight signal interface 12 through the time readout capacitor 13, and then output to the outside of the detector through the third airtight signal interface 12.

[0092] Figure 1 And Figure 4 Among them, the side surface of the hierarchical structure is fixed by the limiting piece 14 fixed by the patch nut on the bottom plate 1, the cover plate structure 7 and the bottom plate 1 are kept airtight by the annular ring (also called "O" ring) in the groove of the extruded frame structure 72, and the detector further comprises a high-voltage line 15 for inputting high voltage and a sealed high-voltage port 16, the high-voltage line 15 is connected to the graphite electrode of the second graphite electrode glass 432 through the sealed high-voltage port 16 to provide high voltage.

[0093] It can be understood that,Figure 4 The air inlet 8 is arranged in the row direction, and the air outlet 9 is arranged in the column direction.

[0094] In a possible implementation, referring to Figure 2 The position readout plate 2 is provided with a plurality of first delay blocks 23 and a plurality of second delay blocks 24 away from the bottom plate 1, the first delay block 23 is connected in one-to-one correspondence with the first electrode 21, and the second delay block 24 is connected in one-to-one correspondence with the second electrode 22.

[0095] The length of each first electrode 21 of the detector can be the same or different, and the length of each second electrode 22 can be the same or different. Different positions of the incident particles hitting cause different absolute times of the original signals reaching both ends of the electrode (readout electrode) (for example, the center position signal reaches both ends of the electrode at the same time, and the edge position signal reaches the near end of the electrode first). The delay block predefines a fixed delay time for each readout channel, forces the signals of all readout channels to be aligned to a unified time starting point, ensures that the "effective starting time" of all position signals is consistent, and then the position of the incident particle hitting is calculated through the time difference of the signals at both ends of the electrode. Taking the row direction coordinate of the incident particle as an example, the distances of the row direction coordinate X of the incident particle hitting to the readout electrode are X and L-X (taking the center of the detector as the coordinate origin), and the time difference △t of the signals reaching both ends of the readout electrode is:

[0096]

[0097] Wherein, L is the size of the readout electrode in the row direction, △t is the time difference of the signals reaching both ends of the readout electrode, and v is the propagation speed of the signal in the readout electrode. The row direction coordinate X of the incident particle hitting is calculated by measuring the time difference △t.

[0098] The delay time of the delay block can range from 1 ns (nanosecond) to 10 ns. In one example, the delay time of the delay block can be set to 4 ns.

[0099] Compared with the related art, the delay block technology can greatly reduce the number of electronic channels.

[0100] The application also provides a detection system, which comprises a plurality of detectors according to any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0101] The detector according to any one of the above-mentioned embodiments can be applied to high-precision detection of two-dimensional position information of incident particles, and a plurality of detectors can be used jointly to form a detection system to detect the track information of the incident particles.

[0102] The detector provided by the application fixes the main detection part, allows working at a large inclination angle or even a vertical posture, and is beneficial to muon large-angle scattering detection and the like.

[0103] The detector provided by the application increases the sensitive area, lightens various accessories, reduces the overall weight, and is convenient to move and suitable for joint use of multiple detectors.

[0104] It should be noted that, in the present document, the terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual such relationship or order between the entities or operations. Also, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprises a" does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0105] Each of the embodiments in the present specification is described in a relevant manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment mainly explains the difference from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the part of the method embodiment.

[0106] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional position readout resistive plate gas chamber detector, characterized by, The detector comprises a bottom plate and a position readout plate; the position readout plate is arranged on the bottom plate; A plurality of first electrodes are arranged on one side of the position readout plate close to the bottom plate, and a plurality of second electrodes are arranged on the other side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate; the first electrodes have a "string" shape in the orthographic projection on the bottom plate, and the second electrodes have a "rectangle" shape in the orthographic projection on the bottom plate; The first electrodes are arranged along a first direction of the detector, and the second electrodes are arranged along a second direction of the detector, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; The first electrodes are used for sensing the first direction coordinate of an incident particle in the detector, and the second electrodes are used for sensing the second direction coordinate of the incident particle; The first electrodes comprise a plurality of rectangular electrode portions and connecting line portions; the connecting line portions have overlapping portions with the orthographic projection of the second electrodes on the bottom plate, and the rectangular electrode portions have no overlapping portions with the orthographic projection of the second electrodes on the bottom plate; A first area is larger than a second area; the first area is the orthographic projection area of the first electrodes on the bottom plate, and the second area is the orthographic projection area of the second electrodes on the bottom plate; The spacing between the first electrodes and the second electrodes ranges from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

2. The probe of claim 1, wherein, The first spacing distance between any two adjacent first electrodes is equal, and the second spacing distance between any two adjacent second electrodes is equal.

3. The probe of claim 1, wherein, The detector further comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a resistive structure; The first insulating layer is arranged on the side of the position readout plate away from the bottom plate, the resistive structure is arranged on the side of the first insulating layer away from the bottom plate, and the second insulating layer is arranged on the side of the resistive structure away from the bottom plate.

4. The probe of claim 3, wherein, The resistive structure comprises a first graphite electrode glass, a second graphite electrode glass and a plurality of support members; In the thickness direction of the detector, the first graphite electrode glass and the second graphite electrode glass are arranged at intervals, and at least two support members are arranged at four corners between the first graphite electrode glass and the second graphite electrode glass; the first graphite electrode glass is arranged on the side of the first insulating layer away from the bottom plate, and the second insulating layer is arranged on the side of the second graphite electrode glass away from the bottom plate; A first graphite electrode is arranged on the side of the first graphite electrode glass close to the first insulating layer, and a second graphite electrode is arranged on the side of the second graphite electrode glass away from the first insulating layer.

5. The probe of claim 4, wherein, The graphite electrodes of the first graphite electrode glass are connected by copper electrodes, and the graphite electrodes of the second graphite electrode glass are connected to a high-voltage line by copper electrodes.

6. The probe of claim 3, wherein, The detector further comprises a time readout plate, a one-dimensional position strip readout detector or a two-dimensional position detector; the time readout plate, the one-dimensional position strip readout detector or the two-dimensional position detector is arranged on the side of the second insulating layer away from the bottom plate. The time readout plate or one-dimensional position strip readout probe or two-dimensional position probe is provided with a face electrode on the side away from the second insulating layer.

7. The probe of claim 6, wherein, The probe further comprises a cover plate structure and a frame structure. The frame structure comprises a groove and a ring-shaped ring, and the ring-shaped ring is located in the groove. The cover plate structure is located on the top of the frame structure, and the bottom plate is located on the bottom of the frame structure, and a cavity is formed between the cover plate structure and the bottom plate, and the position readout plate, the first insulating layer, the resistive structure, the second insulating layer, the time readout plate or one-dimensional position strip readout probe or two-dimensional position probe are located in the cavity. In the first direction of the probe, the frame structure is provided with an air inlet / outlet penetrating through the frame structure, and in the second direction of the probe, the frame structure is provided with an air outlet / inlet penetrating through the frame structure. In the first direction of the probe, the frame structure is provided with a first airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure, and in the second direction of the probe, the frame structure is provided with a second airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure. The first airtight signal interface and the second airtight signal interface are used to transmit the readout signal of the position readout plate. In the first direction / second direction of the probe, the frame structure is provided with a third airtight signal interface penetrating through the frame structure. The third airtight signal interface is used to transmit the readout signal of the time readout plate or one-dimensional position strip readout probe or two-dimensional position probe.

8. The probe of claim 1, wherein, The position readout plate is provided with a plurality of first delay blocks and a plurality of second delay blocks on the side away from the bottom plate, and the first delay blocks are connected one by one with the first electrodes, and the second delay blocks are connected one by one with the second electrodes.

9. A detection system, characterized by The detection system comprises a plurality of probes according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8.

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