Erosion control, fertilization, soil moisture preservation, less straw coverage and no-tillage method for temperature dominant area of dry farming black soil area in northeast China

Abstract

The invention discloses a northeast dry farming black soil area temperature dominant area corrosion control, fertilization, soil moisture preservation, less straw coverage and no-tillage method, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an optimization target of a performance parameter for measuring a no-tillage strategy effect in a to-be-cultivated area, collecting the performance parameter and historical data of a corresponding no-tillage strategy factor, carrying out fitting processing on the collected historical data, determining a function relationship between the performance parameter and the no-tillage strategy factor, and constructing an optimization model comprising at least one optimization target. The optimization model takes a set threshold value of the performance parameter as a constraint and the no-tillage strategy factor as an optimization variable, an optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor corresponding to an optimization target contained in the optimization model is determined by solving the optimization model, the optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor is taken as a no-tillage strategy of the to-be-cultivated area, and implementation is carried out, so that the no-tillage strategy of the to-be-cultivated area is obtained. Regional climate, soil and topographic conditions can be comprehensively considered, the no-tillage method for the northeast dry farming black soil area is optimized, and a theoretical basis is provided for formulating a scientific farming strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for controlling erosion, improving fertilizer and conserving moisture by straw mulching and reducing or eliminating tillage in a temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China. Background Art

[0002] Black soil regions, with their deep soil layers and high fertility, hold enormous production potential. However, long-term intensive farming practices have led to soil degradation, manifested in thinning of the black soil layer, decreased fertility, and increased soil erosion, severely hampering their sustainable development. Traditional tillage practices, such as frequent plowing and bare-ground planting, not only damage soil structure and increase the risk of soil erosion, but also reduce soil organic matter content and fertility. Furthermore, traditional tillage practices, under low temperatures and drought conditions, can easily lead to delayed crop germination, low survival rates, and reduced yields. To address these challenges, conservation tillage technology has emerged. Conservation tillage, centered around reduced tillage, no-tillage, and straw mulching, effectively reduces soil erosion and wind erosion by minimizing soil disturbance, increasing soil cover, and optimizing soil management. It also improves soil fertility and water use efficiency. Research has shown that conservation tillage can significantly increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and enhance soil water retention capacity.

[0003] Straw mulching is a key component of conservation tillage. By evenly covering the ground with crop straw, it effectively reduces surface runoff and soil erosion, while also reducing soil evaporation and increasing soil infiltration. Furthermore, straw mulching improves soil temperature conditions, minimizing the impact of diurnal temperature fluctuations on crop growth. Minimum tillage (MTT) reduces soil disturbance, slowing the mineralization rate of soil organic matter and improving soil fertility. Furthermore, temperature conditions have a significant impact on crop growth and soil management. In temperature-advantageous regions, such as semi-arid areas, conservation tillage techniques can significantly mitigate the impact of drought on crop growth by increasing soil moisture. However, in low-temperature regions, straw mulching may slow soil temperature recovery, impacting seed germination and crop growth. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize straw mulching and minimum tillage (MTT) techniques for different temperature conditions to achieve optimal erosion control, fertilization, and soil moisture conservation.

[0004] Research has shown that the successful implementation of conservation tillage techniques requires consideration of specific climate, topographic, and soil conditions. For example, in black soil plains, straw mulching and no-tillage techniques are suitable to restore organic matter in the black soil; in hilly and mountainous areas, high-stubble ridge-side planting is recommended to reduce soil erosion; and in low-lying, flood-prone areas, straw mulching and reduced tillage techniques are recommended to prevent waterlogging. Therefore, developing targeted conservation tillage technology plans tailored to the characteristics of different regions is crucial for improving the precise allocation and implementation efficiency of the technology. Although studies have demonstrated the significant effectiveness of conservation tillage in improving soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, and increasing crop yields, current research on the suitability of conservation tillage has primarily focused on point-scale field trials, lacking large-scale systematic studies. Furthermore, research on the impact of conservation tillage on the climatic suitability of crops in black soil regions remains limited. Therefore, further research on the suitability of conservation tillage in different regions, as well as optimizing straw mulching, reduced tillage, and no-tillage techniques, is crucial for achieving sustainable development in the black soil region of Northeast China.

[0005] In summary, conservation tillage techniques in the dryland black soil region of Northeast China, particularly straw mulching and minimal tillage or no-tillage, have significant ecological and economic benefits. However, their successful implementation requires comprehensive consideration of regional climate, soil, and topographic conditions, optimizing technical solutions to achieve optimal results in erosion control, fertilization, and soil moisture conservation. To this end, a straw mulching, minimal tillage, and no-tillage method is proposed for erosion control, fertilization, and soil moisture conservation in the temperature-advantageous zone of the dryland black soil region of Northeast China. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling erosion, improving fertilizer and conserving moisture with straw mulching and reducing or eliminating tillage in the temperature-advantageous zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] Methods for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and reducing or eliminating tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China include:

[0009] Establishing optimization targets for performance parameters used to measure the effectiveness of no-till strategies within the area to be cultivated; performance parameters include crop yield, soil fertility, soil erosion, and production costs;

[0010] Collecting historical data on performance parameters of the area to be cultivated and corresponding no-tillage strategy factors, performing fitting processing on the collected historical data, and determining the functional relationship between the performance parameters and the no-tillage strategy factors based on the fitting results;

[0011] An optimization model including at least one optimization objective is constructed, wherein the optimization model is constrained by a set threshold value of a performance parameter and uses a no-tillage strategy factor as an optimization variable, and an optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor corresponding to the optimization objective included in the optimization model is determined by solving the optimization model;

[0012] The optimal value of the no-till strategy factor is used as the no-till strategy for the area to be cultivated and implemented.

[0013] Furthermore, the optimization objectives include:

[0014] The first optimization objective is max(Y) to maximize crop yield;

[0015] The second optimization goal is to maximize soil fertility max(F);

[0016] The third optimization objective min(E) is to minimize soil erosion;

[0017] The fourth optimization objective min(C) is to minimize the production cost;

[0018] Among them, Y is crop yield; F is soil fertility; E is soil erosion; C is production cost;

[0019] Factors in no-till strategies include:

[0020] The first no-tillage strategy factor that affects the first optimization goal;

[0021] The second no-tillage strategy factor that affects the second optimization goal;

[0022] The third no-tillage strategy factor that affects the third optimization goal;

[0023] The fourth no-tillage strategy factor that affects the fourth optimization goal;

[0024] Functional relationships include:

[0025] The first functional relationship between crop yield Y and the first no-tillage strategy factor Y=f1(x 11 ,x 12 ,...,x 1u ,);

[0026] The second functional relationship between soil fertility F and the second no-tillage strategy factor is F = f2(x 21 ,x 22 ,...,x 2v ,);

[0027] The third functional relationship between soil erosion E and the third no-tillage strategy factor is E=f3(x 31 ,x 32 ,...,x 3w ,);

[0028] The fourth functional relationship between production cost C and the fourth no-tillage strategy factor is C = f4(x 41 ,x 42 ,...,x4r ,);

[0029] Among them, x 1u is the uth factor in the first no-tillage strategy factor; x 2v is the vth factor in the second no-tillage strategy factor; x 3w is the wth factor in the third no-tillage strategy factor; x 4r It is the rth factor in the fourth no-tillage strategy factor.

[0030] Furthermore, the first no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw mulch thickness, no-tillage sowing depth, deep loosening depth, fertilization amount, irrigation amount, pest and disease control measures, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures;

[0031] The second no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw mulch thickness, deep loosening depth, fertilizer application amount, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures;

[0032] The third no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw cover thickness, deep plowing depth, crop rotation and intercropping method, no-tillage sowing method and slope;

[0033] The fourth no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of the amount of fertilizer applied, the amount of irrigation, the cost of mechanized operation, pest and disease control measures, and soil improvement measures.

[0034] Furthermore, when the constructed optimization model contains an optimization objective;

[0035] The expression of the optimization model is: i=1,2,3,4;f i is the i-th optimization target; among them,

[0036] When i=1, the constraints of the optimization model are: Y≥Y min , Y min is the minimum crop yield requirement;

[0037] When i=2, the constraints of the optimization model are: F≥F min , F min is the minimum soil fertility requirement;

[0038] When i=3, the constraints of the optimization model are: E≤E max , E max is the maximum amount of soil erosion allowed;

[0039] When i=4, the constraints of the optimization model are: C≤C max , C max is the maximum allowable production cost.

[0040] Furthermore, when the constructed optimization model contains more than one optimization objective;

[0041] The expression of the optimization model is: Among them, f1, f2, f3 and f4 are the first optimization target, the second optimization target, the third optimization target and the fourth optimization target respectively; l1, l2, l3 and l4 are all logical values ​​with values ​​of 0 or 1; among them, when the optimization model contains the i-th optimization target, l i =1; when the optimization model does not contain the i-th optimization target, l i =0; i=1,2,3,4.

[0042] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] Compared with the existing technology, by establishing optimization targets for performance parameters for measuring the effect of the no-tillage strategy in the area to be cultivated, wherein the performance parameters include crop yield, soil fertility, soil erosion and production cost, collecting historical data of the performance parameters of the area to be cultivated and the corresponding no-tillage strategy factors, fitting the collected historical data, determining the functional relationship between the performance parameters and the no-tillage strategy factors according to the fitting results, constructing an optimization model containing at least one optimization target, the optimization model is constrained by the set threshold of the performance parameter, and the no-tillage strategy factor is used as the optimization variable, and by solving the optimization model, the optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor corresponding to the optimization target contained in the optimization model is determined, and the optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor is used as the no-tillage strategy for the area to be cultivated, and implemented. It can comprehensively consider regional climate, soil and terrain conditions, optimize the no-tillage strategy factors that affect the performance parameters in the no-tillage strategy and can be artificially controlled, and then obtain the optimal no-tillage strategy, optimize the no-tillage method in the dryland black soil area of ​​Northeast China, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating scientific tillage strategies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for controlling erosion, improving fertilizer and conserving moisture with straw mulching and minimal or no-tillage in a temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual drawings. They should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product.

[0046] The specific implementation process of the solution of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Establish the optimization target of the performance parameters used to measure the effect of the no-till strategy in the area to be cultivated;

[0048] Among them, performance parameters include crop yield, soil fertility, soil erosion and production costs;

[0049] Optimization goals include:

[0050] The first optimization goal is to maximize crop yield, max(Y), where Y is the crop yield;

[0051] The second optimization objective is to maximize soil fertility, max(F), where F is soil fertility;

[0052] The third optimization objective min(E) is to minimize soil erosion, where E is the amount of soil erosion;

[0053] The fourth optimization objective is min(C), which is to minimize the production cost, where C is the production cost.

[0054] Step 2: Collect historical data on performance parameters of the area to be cultivated and corresponding no-tillage strategy factors.

[0055] in,

[0056] Factors in no-till strategies include:

[0057] The first no-tillage strategy factor that affects the first optimization goal;

[0058] The second no-tillage strategy factor that affects the second optimization goal;

[0059] The third no-tillage strategy factor that affects the third optimization goal;

[0060] The fourth no-tillage strategy factor that affects the fourth optimization goal;

[0061] Crop yields are affected by several factors within no-till strategies that can be controlled by humans, including:

[0062] Straw mulch thickness: Appropriate straw mulch can reduce water evaporation and increase soil moisture retention capacity, thereby increasing crop yields. However, in low-temperature areas, excessively thick straw mulch may cause the soil temperature to rise slowly, affecting seed germination.

[0063] No-till seeding depth: The seeding depth needs to be adjusted according to the crop variety and soil conditions to ensure that the seeds can germinate and grow smoothly. Sowing too deep or too shallow will have an adverse effect on crop yields.

[0064] Deep tillage depth: Deep tillage can break up the plow bottom layer, increase soil aeration and water permeability, and thus indirectly increase crop yields.

[0065] Fertilizer Amount: Appropriate fertilization can provide the necessary nutrients for crop growth and increase crop yields. However, excessive fertilization not only wastes nutrients but may also cause environmental pollution; insufficient fertilization can affect the normal growth of crops.

[0066] Irrigation amount: Reasonable irrigation can ensure the water required for crop growth, improve water use efficiency, and thus increase crop yields.

[0067] Pest and disease control measures: Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases can reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases, thereby increasing crop yields.

[0068] Crop rotation and intercropping: Crop rotation and intercropping can reduce pests and diseases and soil continuous cropping problems, improve soil fertility, and thus increase crop yields.

[0069] Soil improvement measures: Application of organic fertilizers, soil conditioners, etc. can improve soil structure and fertility, thereby increasing crop yields.

[0070] Soil fertility is affected by several factors that can be controlled by humans in no-till farming strategies, including:

[0071] Straw mulch thickness: Straw mulch can increase the organic matter content in the soil, improve soil structure, and thus improve soil fertility.

[0072] Deep plowing depth: Deep plowing can break the plow bottom layer, increase soil aeration and water permeability, promote soil microbial activity, and thus improve soil fertility.

[0073] Amount of fertilizer: Reasonable fertilization can replenish nutrients in the soil and thus improve soil fertility.

[0074] Crop rotation and intercropping methods: Crop rotation and intercropping can reduce pests and diseases and soil continuous cropping disorders, increase soil organic matter content, and thus improve soil fertility.

[0075] Soil improvement measures: Application of organic fertilizers, soil conditioners, etc. can improve soil structure and fertility.

[0076] Soil erosion rates are influenced by several factors within no-till farming strategies that are controllable, including:

[0077] Straw mulch thickness: Straw mulch can reduce surface runoff and wind erosion, effectively reducing soil erosion.

[0078] Deep tillage depth: Deep tillage can increase soil aeration and water permeability, reduce surface runoff, and thus reduce soil erosion.

[0079] No-till seeding method: No-tillage can reduce soil disturbance and reduce the risk of soil erosion.

[0080] Crop rotation and intercropping: Crop rotation and intercropping can reduce pests and diseases and soil continuous cropping disorders, improve soil structure, and thus reduce soil erosion.

[0081] Slope: In areas with steep slopes, appropriate soil and water conservation measures, such as terracing and slope protection, can effectively reduce soil erosion.

[0082] Production costs are affected by several factors within no-till strategies that can be controlled by humans, including:

[0083] Amount of fertilizer: Reasonable fertilization can increase crop yield, but excessive fertilization will increase production costs.

[0084] Irrigation amount: Reasonable irrigation can improve water use efficiency, but excessive irrigation will increase production costs.

[0085] Mechanized operation costs: Choosing appropriate agricultural machinery and operating methods can improve operation efficiency and reduce production costs.

[0086] Pest and disease control measures: Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases can reduce losses, but excessive use of chemical agents will increase production costs.

[0087] Soil improvement measures: Applying organic fertilizers, soil conditioners, etc. can improve soil quality, but these measures will increase production costs to a certain extent.

[0088] Step 3: Fit the collected historical data and determine the functional relationship between performance parameters and no-tillage strategy factors based on the fitting results; including:

[0089] The first functional relationship between crop yield Y and the first no-tillage strategy factor Y=f1(x 11 ,x 12 ,...,x 1u ,);

[0090] The second functional relationship between soil fertility F and the second no-tillage strategy factor is F = f2(x 21 ,x 22 ,...,x 2v ,);

[0091] The third functional relationship between soil erosion E and the third no-tillage strategy factor is E=f3(x 31 ,x 32 ,...,x 3w ,);

[0092] The fourth functional relationship between production cost C and the fourth no-tillage strategy factor is C = f4(x 41 ,x 42 ,...,x 4r ,);

[0093] Among them, x1u is the uth factor in the first no-tillage strategy factor; x 2v is the vth factor in the second no-tillage strategy factor; x 3w is the wth factor in the third no-tillage strategy factor; x 4r It is the rth factor in the fourth no-tillage strategy factor.

[0094] It should be noted that in this step, the processing method for non-numeric data is as follows:

[0095] Handling of categorical variables

[0096] For categorical variables, such as pest and disease control measures, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures, the following methods can be used to convert them into numerical data:

[0097] One-hot encoding

[0098] Convert each category of a categorical variable into an independent binary variable.

[0099] Take pest and disease control measures as an example:

[0100] Chemical control [1, 0, 0, 0];

[0101] biological control [0,1,0,0];

[0102] Physical control [0, 0, 0, 0];

[0103] Integrated prevention and control [0, 0, 1, 1];

[0104] Crop rotation and intercropping methods:

[0105] Monocropping [1,0,0];

[0106] Crop rotation (e.g., "jade-jade-bean", "jade-bean") [0,1,0];

[0107] Intercropping (e.g. corn and legumes) [0,0,1].

[0108] Soil improvement measures:

[0109] Apply organic fertilizer [1, 0, 0, 0];

[0110] application of chemical amendments (e.g., lime, gypsum) [0, 1, 0, 0];

[0111] Green manure planting [0,0,0,0];

[0112] other measures (e.g., cover crops) [0, 0, 1, 1];

[0113] Label Encoding

[0114] Assigns each category of a categorical variable a unique integer value.

[0115] For example, pest control measures could be coded as:

[0116] Chemical control 1;

[0117] Biological control 2;

[0118] Physical control 3;

[0119] Integrated prevention and control 4;

[0120] Crop rotation and intercropping practices can be coded as:

[0121] Monocropping1;

[0122] Crop rotation (e.g., "jade-jade-bean", "jade-bean")2;

[0123] Intercropping (such as intercropping corn with leguminous crops)3.

[0124] Soil improvement measures can be coded as:

[0125] Apply organic fertilizer1;

[0126] Apply chemical amendments (e.g. lime, gypsum)2;

[0127] Green manure planting3;

[0128] Other measures (e.g. cover crops)4;

[0129] Text data processing

[0130] Text data refers to descriptive data in text form. In the no-till strategy, the text data that may be involved include:

[0131] Detailed description of pest and disease control measures:

[0132] The specific name of the chemical agent used;

[0133] Specific methods of biological control (e.g., types and quantities of natural enemy insects to be released);

[0134] Specific physical control measures (such as the use of insect nets, light trapping, etc.);

[0135] Detailed description of crop rotation and intercropping methods:

[0136] Specific crop rotation sequence (e.g., corn-soybeans-corn);

[0137] Specific crop combinations for intercropping (e.g., “corn and soybean intercropping”);

[0138] Detailed description of soil improvement measures:

[0139] Specific types of organic fertilizers used (e.g., compost, green manure);

[0140] The specific type of chemical amendment used (e.g., lime, gypsum);

[0141] Specific green manure planting methods (e.g. planting leguminous green manure crops);

[0142] For text data, the following methods can be used:

[0143] Text vectorization

[0144] Convert text data into numeric vectors. Common methods include:

[0145] Bag of Words model: Convert words in a text into frequency vectors.

[0146] TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency): Converts words in a text into weight vectors, taking into account the importance of words in the text.

[0147] Word2Vec or other word embedding methods: convert words into high-dimensional vectors to capture the semantic relationship between words.

[0148] Through these steps, when processing variables, categorical variables can be converted into numerical data through encoding (such as one-hot encoding or label encoding); text data can be converted into numerical vectors through text vectorization methods (such as bag-of-words model, TF-IDF) for use in data analysis and modeling.

[0149] Step 4: Construct an optimization model containing at least one optimization objective. The optimization model is constrained by the set threshold of the performance parameter and the no-tillage strategy factor is used as the optimization variable. By solving the optimization model, the optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor corresponding to the optimization objective contained in the optimization model is determined; wherein,

[0150] When the constructed optimization model contains an optimization objective;

[0151] The expression of the optimization model is: i=1,2,3,4;f i is the i-th optimization target;

[0152] When i=1

[0153] The expression of the optimization model is:

[0154] The constraints of the optimization model are: Y≥Y min , Y minis the minimum crop yield requirement;

[0155] When i=2

[0156] The expression of the optimization model is:

[0157] The constraints of the optimization model are: F≥F min , F min is the minimum soil fertility requirement;

[0158] When i=3

[0159] The expression of the optimization model is:

[0160] The constraints of the optimization model are: E≤E max , E max is the maximum amount of soil erosion allowed;

[0161] When i=4

[0162] The expression of the optimization model is:

[0163] The constraints of the optimization model are: C≤C max , C max is the maximum allowable production cost.

[0164] When the constructed optimization model contains more than one optimization objective;

[0165] The expression of the optimization model is: Among them, f1, f2, f3 and f4 are the first optimization target, the second optimization target, the third optimization target and the fourth optimization target respectively; l1, l2, l3 and l4 are all logical values ​​with values ​​of 0 or 1; among them, when the optimization model contains the i-th optimization target, l i =1; when the optimization model does not contain the i-th optimization target, l i =0; i=1,2,3,4.

[0166] Taking the optimization model containing four optimization objectives as an example, then:

[0167] The expression of the optimization model is:

[0168] The constraints of the optimization model include: Y≥Y min ,F≥F min , E≤E max , C≤C max , and α1+α2-α3-α4=1, 0<α i <1.

[0169] Step 5: The optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor is used as the no-tillage strategy for the area to be cultivated and implemented.

[0170] By rationally controlling factors such as straw mulch thickness, no-till sowing depth, deep loosening depth, fertilization rate, irrigation rate, pest and disease control measures, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures, the no-till strategy can be optimized to increase crop yields and soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, and control production costs. Specifically, the effectiveness of the no-till strategy can be verified by collecting actual data and using the comparative method. The collected data is shown in the following table:

[0171] Table 1 No-tillage strategy comparison and verification data

[0172]

[0173] When the optimization rate of a performance indicator is positive, it means that the implemented no-tillage strategy is conducive to the improvement of this type of performance indicator; conversely, when the optimization rate of a performance indicator is negative or 0, it means that the implemented no-tillage strategy is ineffective in improving this type of performance indicator, and the no-tillage strategy needs to be re-formulated.

[0174] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and minimal tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China, characterized in that: include: Establishing optimization targets for performance parameters used to measure the effectiveness of no-till strategies within the area to be cultivated; performance parameters include crop yield, soil fertility, soil erosion, and production costs; Collecting historical data on performance parameters of the area to be cultivated and corresponding no-tillage strategy factors, performing fitting processing on the collected historical data, and determining the functional relationship between the performance parameters and the no-tillage strategy factors based on the fitting results; An optimization model including at least one optimization objective is constructed, wherein the optimization model is constrained by a set threshold value of a performance parameter and uses a no-tillage strategy factor as an optimization variable, and an optimal value of the no-tillage strategy factor corresponding to the optimization objective included in the optimization model is determined by solving the optimization model; The optimal value of the no-till strategy factor is used as the no-till strategy for the area to be cultivated and implemented.

2. The method for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and minimal tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization objectives include: The first optimization objective is max(Y) to maximize crop yield; The second optimization goal is to maximize soil fertility max(F); The third optimization objective min(E) is to minimize soil erosion; The fourth optimization objective min(C) is to minimize the production cost; Among them, Y is crop yield; F is soil fertility; E is soil erosion; C is production cost; Factors in no-till strategies include: The first no-tillage strategy factor that affects the first optimization goal; The second no-tillage strategy factor that affects the second optimization goal; The third no-tillage strategy factor that affects the third optimization goal; The fourth no-tillage strategy factor that affects the fourth optimization goal; Functional relationships include: The first functional relationship between crop yield Y and the first no-tillage strategy factor Y=f1(x 11 ,x 12 ,...,x 1u ,); The second functional relationship between soil fertility F and the second no-tillage strategy factor is F = f2(x 21 ,x 22 ,...,x 2v ,); The third functional relationship between soil erosion E and the third no-tillage strategy factor is E=f3(x 31 ,x 32 ,...,x 3w ,); The fourth functional relationship between production cost C and the fourth no-tillage strategy factor is C = f4(x 41 ,x 42 ,...,x 4r ,); Among them, x 1u is the uth factor in the first no-tillage strategy factor; x 2v is the vth factor in the second no-tillage strategy factor; x 3w is the wth factor in the third no-tillage strategy factor; x 4r It is the rth factor in the fourth no-tillage strategy factor.

3. The method for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and minimal tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw mulch thickness, no-tillage sowing depth, deep loosening depth, fertilization amount, irrigation amount, pest and disease control measures, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures; The second no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw mulch thickness, deep loosening depth, fertilizer application amount, crop rotation and intercropping methods, and soil improvement measures; The third no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of straw cover thickness, deep plowing depth, crop rotation and intercropping method, no-tillage sowing method and slope; The fourth no-tillage strategy factor includes at least one of the amount of fertilizer applied, the amount of irrigation, the cost of mechanized operation, pest and disease control measures, and soil improvement measures.

4. The method for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and reducing or eliminating tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the constructed optimization model contains an optimization objective; The expression of the optimization model is: i=1,2,3,4;f i is the i-th optimization target; among them, When i=1, the constraints of the optimization model are: Y≥Y min , Y min is the minimum crop yield requirement; When i=2, the constraints of the optimization model are: F≥F min , F min is the minimum soil fertility requirement; When i=3, the constraints of the optimization model are: E≤E max , E max is the maximum amount of soil erosion allowed; When i=4, the constraints of the optimization model are: C≤C max , C max is the maximum allowable production cost.

5. The method for controlling erosion, improving fertility and conserving moisture with straw mulching and reducing or eliminating tillage in the temperature-dominant zone of dryland black soil in Northeast China according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the constructed optimization model contains more than one optimization objective; The expression of the optimization model is: Among them, f1, f2, f3 and f4 are the first optimization target, the second optimization target, the third optimization target and the fourth optimization target respectively; l1, l2, l3 and l4 are all logical values ​​with values ​​of 0 or 1; among them, when the optimization model contains the i-th optimization target, l i =1; when the optimization model does not contain the i-th optimization target, l i =0; i=1,2,3,4.

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